issue 20 北美范文

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写作ISSUE

GRE Writing§武汉新东方学校§§题库网页:§§§测试评分标准:§Course Design§解决三大问题:§1. 无话可说----找不到分析点----1种写作套路----发现写作思路, 构建篇章框架§2. 无法说长----无法展开有效论证----填入式论证法----填充文章血肉, 充实观点论证§3. 无法写美----写作习惯不正确----写作风格多元化----增加表达力与连贯性评分标准§Score 6 (outstanding)杰出§Score 5 (strong) 强有力§§Score 3 (limited) 有局限§Score 2 (seriously flawed) 严重错误§Score 1 (fundamentally deficient)完全不符合要求§Score 0§百分制得分:0-99§如60%则意味着你的分数高于参加考试的60%的考生, 低于参加考试的40%的考生.§ETS的要求如下:§1. Test-takers must realize that graduate education community in the United States values most highly the ability of students §2. The graduate community also values students who can§内容: 通过列举合理的推论性和支持性例子来提出恰到好处的, 具有说服力的相关见解和论点.§组织: 以结构清楚紧凑的行文提出观点.§语言: 英语语言支配能力, 通过考生的词汇量, 措辞以及俗语的应用得以体现.§结构: 对标准书面英语的熟练程度, 包括语法, 句法以及词汇的应用.§作文批改邮箱：§Issue 任务说明§你的答题时间是45分钟.§选择你认为可以接受的那个题目进行写作.§题目会以对某一普遍问题的简单陈述这种形式出现.§§你应该通过你的经历、支持你自己的观点.§在你开始写之前, 最好花几分钟思考一下如何组织你的文章.§你应该预留出富裕的时间, 检查自己写过的文章, 作出必要的修改.Issue 写作要素§W-word(450-600)§4分:350+(多音节词汇占全文6％)§5分:400+(多音节词汇占全文8％)§6分:450+(多音节词汇占全文10％)§如: extremely, amazingly, extraordinarily 由电子打分员进行扫描统计§r-reason§GRE的以英语为母语的测试.其显著特点是ETS鼓励对任何现成的思想采取任何立场(position), 并且sustain awell-focused discussion,原题观点时明确指出, 并在行文中贯彻到底.§Sample见讲义66页§i-idea(表达有见地的思想)§issue writing 考试针对的是一个现成的思想,ETS将应试者的文章一律称为对原有观点的回应(response).§1)思想不能是怪异的，而应该是正式和严肃的，保持GRE的风格：冷静、公正、客观。

北美范文issue总结打印版最终

1、政治、政府008 - 政治：完全公开化Vs 有选择的隐瞒－同167043 - 道德原则：政治Vs 道德082 - 审查制度：艺术品、历史陈列－同224097 - 政治Vs 生活108 - 电子政务、公开透明化－度的把握、标准123 - 人的政治倾向：外在Vs 内在；表面Vs 本质；细节Vs 关键－同208167 - 道德；政治－相对的诚实－涉及到评价、判断原则、标准－同8169 - 政治Vs 道德－跟167，8有联系195 - 政治目标：理想Vs 务实224 - 政府、审查制度：判断标准－同82a. 自我原则、判断Vs 大众意愿045 - 政府事务、官员：自身判断、原则Vs 大众意愿－同160，79079 - 政治：自己判断Vs 人们意愿；专家Vs 大众－同45，160160 - 领导：坚持自身原则Vs 听从大众意愿－内在Vs 外在－同145，45，79 202 - 政治：自我原则Vs 大众意愿－同195，45, 79, 160b. 环保083 - 环保：原则、度的把握121 - 环保：度的把握；矛盾：当前发展Vs 长远考虑149 - 环保Vs 旅游242 - 环保：度的把握; 当前发展Vs 长远考虑Issue 8"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."I agree with the speaker that it is sometimes necessary, and even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. A contrary view would reveal a naivety about the inherent nature of public politics, and about the sorts of compromises on the part of well-intentioned political leaders necessary in order to further the public's ultimate interests. Nevertheless, we must not allow our political leaders undue freedom to withhold information, otherwise, we risk sanctioning demagoguery and undermining the philosophical underpinnings of any democratic society.One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that in order to gain the opportunity for effective public leadership, a would-be leader must first gain and maintain political power. In the game of politics, complete forthrightness is a sign of vulnerability and naivety, neither of which earns a politician respect among his or her opponents, and which those opponents will use to every advantage to defeat thepolitician. In my observation some measure of pandering to the electorate is necessary to gain and maintain political leadership. For example, were all politicians to fully disclose every personal foible, character flaw, and detail concerning personal life, few honest politicians would ever by elected. While this view might seem cynical, personal scandals have in fact proven the undoing of many a political career; thus I think this view is realistic.Another reason why I essentially agree with the speaker is that fully disclosing to the public certain types of information would threaten public safety and perhaps even national security. For example, if the President were to disclose the government's strategies for thwarting specific plans of an international terrorist or a drug trafficker, those strategies would surely fail, and the public's health and safety would be compromised as a result. Withholding information might also be necessary to avoid public panic. While such cases are rare, they do occur occasionally. For example, during the first few hours of the new millennium the U.S. Pentagon's missile defense system experienced a Y2K-related malfunction. This fact was withheld from the public until later in the day, once the problem had been solved; and legitimately so, since immediate disclosure would have served no useful purpose and might even have resulted in mass hysteria.Having recognized that withholding information from the public is often necessary to serve the interests of that public, legitimate political leadership nevertheless requires forthrightness with the citizenry as to the leader's motives and agenda. History informs us that would-be leaders who lack such forthrightness are the same ones who seize and maintain power either by brute force or by demagoguery--that is, by deceiving and manipulating the citizenry. Paragons such as Genghis Khan and Hitler, respectively, come immediately to mind. Any democratic society should of course abhor demagoguery, which operates against the democratic principle of government by the people. Consider also less egregious examples, such as President Nixon's withholding of information about his active role in the Watergate cover-up. His behavior demonstrated a concern for self-interest above the broader interests of thedemocratic system that granted his political authority in the first place.In sum, the game of politics calls for a certain amount of disingenuousness and lack of forthrightness that we might otherwise characterize as dishonesty. And such behavior is a necessary means to the final objective of effective political leadership. Nevertheless, in any democracy a leader who relies chiefly on deception and secrecy to preserve that leadership, to advance a private agenda, or to conceal selfish motives, betrays the democracy-and ends up forfeiting the political game.Issue 43"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."Whether successful leadership requires that a leader follow high ethical and moral standards is a complex issue--one that is fraught with the problems of defining ethics, morality, and successful leadership in the first place. In addressing the issue it is helpful to consider in turn three distinct forms of leadership: business, political, and social-spiritual.In the business realm, successful leadership is generally defined as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firm's shareholders or other owners. Moreover, the prevailing view in Western corporate culture is that by maximizing profits a business leader fulfills his or her highest moral or ethical obligation. Many disagree, however, that these two obligations are the same. Some detractors claim, for example, that business leaders have a duty to do no intentional harm to their customers or to the society in which they operate--for example, by providing safe products and by implementing(实施) pollution control measures. Other detractors go further--to impose on business leaders an affirmative obligation to protect consumers, preserve the natural environment, promote education, and otherwise take steps to help alleviate society's problems. Whether our most successful business leaders are the ones who embrace these additional obligations depends, of course, on one's owndefinition of business success. In my observation, as business leaders become subject to closer scrutiny by the media and by social activists, business leaders will maximize profits in the long term only by taking reasonable steps to minimize the social and environmental harm their businesses cause. This observation also accords with my personal view of a business leader's ethical and moral obligation.In the political realm the issue is no less complex. Definitions of successful political leadership and of ethical or moral leadership are tied up in the means a leader uses to wield his or her power and to obtain that power in the first place. One useful approach is to draw a distinction between personal morality and public morality. In my observation personal morality is unrelated to effective political leadership. Modern politics is replete with examples of what most people would consider personal ethical failings: the marital indiscretions of President Kennedy, for instance. Yet few would disagree that these personal moral choices adversely affected his ability to lead. In contrast, public morality and successful leadership are more closely connected. Consider the many leaders, such as Stalin and Hitler, whom most people would agree were egregious violators of public morality. Ultimately such leaders forfeit their leadership as a result of the immoral means by which they obtained or wielded their power. Or consider less egregious examples such as President Nixon, whose contempt for the very legal system that afforded him his leadership led to his forfeiture of it. It seems that in the short term unethical public behavior might serve a political leader's interest in preserving his or her power; yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader's down-fall, that is, in failure.One must also consider a third type of leadership: social-spiritual. Consider notable figures such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King, whom few would disagree were eminently successful in leading others to practice the high ethical and moral standards which they advocated. However, I would be hard-pressed to name one successful social or spiritual leader whose leadership was predicated on the advocacy of patently unethical or immoral behavior. The reason for this is simple: high standards for one's own public morality are prerequisites for successful social-spiritualleadership.In sum, history informs us that effective political and social-spiritual leadership requires adherence to high standards of public morality. However, when it comes to business leadership the relationship is less clear; successful business leaders must strike a balance between achieving profit maximization and fulfilling their broader obligation to the society, which comes with the burden of such leadership.Issue 108"In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings---trials, debates, meetings, etc. ---that are televised, the more society will benefit."I strongly agree that the more government proceedings--debates, meeting, and so forth---that are televised, the more society will benefit overall. Nevertheless, undue emphasis on this means of informing a constituency has the potential for harm--which any society must take care not to allow.Access to government proceedings via television carries several significant benefits.The main benefit lies in two useful archival functions of videotaped proceedings. First, videotapes are valuable supplements to conventional means of record keeping. Although written transcripts and audio tapes might provide an accurate record of what is said, only video tapes can convey the body language and other visual clues that help us understand what people say, whether they are being disingenuous, sarcastic, or sincere. Secondly, videotape archives provide a useful catalogue for documentary journalists.Televised proceedings also provide three other useful functions. First, for shut-ins and people who live in remote regions, it might be impracticable, or even impossible, to view government proceedings in person. Secondly, with satellite television systems itis possible to witness the governments of other cities, states, and even nations at work. This sort of exposure provides the viewer a valuable sense of perspective, an appreciation for other forms of government, and so forth. Thirdly, in high schools and universities, television proceedings can be useful curriculum supplements for students of government, public policy, law, and even public speaking.Nevertheless, televising more and more government proceedings carries certain risks that should not be ignored. Watching televised government proceedings is inherently a rather passive experience. The viewer cannot voice his or her opinions, objections, or otherwise contribute to what is being viewed. Watching televised proceedings as a substitute for active participation in the political process can, on a mass scale, undermine the democratic process by way of its chilling effect on participation. Undue emphasis on tele government poses the risk that government proceedings will become mere displays, or shows, for the public, intended as public relations ploys and so-called "photo opportunities,'' while the true business of government is moved behind closed doors.In sum, readier access to the day-day business of a government can only serve to inform and educate. Although undue reliance on televised proceedings for information can quell active involvement and serve as a censor for people being televised, I think these are risks worth taking in the interest of disclosure.Issue 121"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."What are the limits of our duty to save endangered species from extinction? The statement raises a variety of issues about morality, conscience, self-preservation, and economics. On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with the notion that humansneed not make "extraordinary" efforts--at the expense of money and jobs--to ensure the preservation of any endangered species.As I see it, there are three fundamental arguments for imposing on ourselves at least some responsibility to preserve endangered species. The first has to do with culpability. According to this argument, to the extent that endangerment is the result of anthropogenic events such as dear-cutting of forests or polluting of lakes and streams, we humans have a duty to take affirmative measures to protect the species whose survival we've placed in jeopardy. The second argument has to do with capability. This argument disregards the extent to which we humans might have contributed to the endangerment of a species. Instead, the argument goes, if we are aware of the danger, know what steps are needed to prevent extinction, and can take those steps, then we are morally obligated to help prevent extinction. This argument would place a very high affirmative duty on humans to protect endangered species. The third argument is an appeal to self-preservation. The animal kingdom is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationships, in which each species depends on many others for its survival. Severing certain relationships, such as that between a predator and its natural prey, can set into motion a series of extinctions that ultimately might endanger our own survival as a species. While this claim might sound far-fetched to some, environmental experts assure us that in the long run it is very real possibility.On the other hand are two compelling arguments against placing a duty on humans to protect endangered species. The first is essentially the Darwinian argument that extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called “natural selection” in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not. Moreover, we humans are not exempt from the process. Accordingly, if we see fit to eradicate other species in order to facilitate our survival, then so be it. We are only behaving as animal must, Darwin would no doubt assert. The second argument, and the one that I find most compelling, is an appeal to logic over emotion. It is a scientific fact that thousands of animal species become extinct every year. Many such extinctions are due to natural forces, while others are due to anthropogenic factors. In any event, it is far beyond our abilityto save them all. By what standard, then, should we decide which species are worth saving and which ones are not? In my observation, we tend to favor animals with human-like physical characteristics and behaviors. This preference is understandable; after all, dolphins are far more endearing than bugs. But there is no logical justification for such a standard. Accordingly, what makes more sense is to decide based on our own economic self-interest. In other words, the more money and jobs it would cost to save a certain species, the lower priority we should place on doing do.In sum, the issue of endangered-species protection is a complex one, requiring subjective judgments about moral duty and the comparative value of various life forms. Thus, there are no easy or certain answers. Yet it is for this very reason I agree that economic self-interest should take precedence over vague notions about moral duty when it comes to saving endangered species. In the final analysis, at a point when it becomes critical for our own survival as a species to save certain others, then we humans will do so if we are fit - in accordance with Darwin’s observed process of natural selection.Issue 160"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."Whether effective leadership requires that a leader consistently follow his or her principles and objectives is a complex issue--one that is tied up in the problem of defining effective leadership in the first place. In addressing the issue it is helpful to consider, in turn, three distinct forms of leadership: business, political, and social-spiritual.In the business realm, effective leadership is generally defined, at least in our corporate culture, as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firm's shareholders or other owners. Many disagree, however, that profit is the appropriatemeasure of a business leader's effectiveness. Some detractors claim, for example, that a truly effective business leader must also fulfill additional duties--for example, to do no intentional harm to their customers or to the society in which they operate. Other detractors go further--to impose on business leaders an affirmative obligation to yield to popular will, by protecting consumers, preserving the natural environment, promoting education, and otherwise taking steps to help alleviate society's problems.Whether our most effective business leaders are the ones who remain consistently committed to maximizing profits or the ones who appease the general populace by contributing to popular social causes depends, of course, on one's own definition of business success. In my observation, as business leaders become subject to closer scrutiny by the media and by social activists, business leaders will maximize profits in the long term only by taking reasonable steps to minimize the social and environmental harm their businesses cause. Thus the two definitions merge, and the statement at issue is ultimately correct.In the political realm the issue is no less complex. Definitions of effective political leadership are tied up in the means a leader uses to wield his or her power and to obtain that power in the first place. Consider history's most infamous tyrants and despots--such as Genghis Khaan, Stalin, Mao, and Hider. No historian would disagree that these individuals were remarkably effective leaders, and that each one remained consistently committed to his tyrannical objectives and Machiavellian principles. Ironically, it was stubborn commitment to objectives that ultimately defeated all except Khan. Thus in the short term stubborn adherence to one's objectives might serve a political leader's interest in preserving his or her power; yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader's downfall if the principles are not in accord with those of the leader's would-be followers.Finally, consider social-spiritual leadership. Few would disagree that through their ability to inspire others and lift the human spirit Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King were eminently effective in leading others to effect social change through civildisobedience. It seems to me that this brand of leadership, in order to be effective, inherently requires that the leader remain steadfastly committed to principle. Why? It is commitment to principle that is the basis for this brand of leadership in the first place. For example, had Gandhi advocated civil disobedience yet been persuaded by dose advisors that an occasional violent protest might be effective in gaining India's independence from Britain, no doubt the result would have been immediate forfeiture of that leadership. In short, social-spiritual leaders must not be hypocrites; otherwise, they will lose all credibility and effectiveness.In sum, strict adherence to principles and objectives is a prerequisite for effective social-spiritual leadership--both in the short and long term. In contrast, political leadership wanes in the long term unless the leader ultimately yields to the will of the followers. Finally, when it comes to business, leaders must strike a balance between the objective of profit maximization--the traditional measure of effectiveness--and yielding to certain broader obligations that society is now imposing on them.Issue 167"It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."Is complete honesty a useful virtue in politics? The speaker contends that it is not, for the reason that political leaders must sometimes lie to be effective. In order to evaluate this contention it is necessary to examine the nature of politics, and to distinguish between short-term and long-term effectiveness.On the one hand are three compelling arguments that a political leader must sometimes be less than truthful in order to be effective in that leadership. The first argument lies in the fact that politics is a game played among politicians--and that to succeed in the game one must use the tools that are part-and-parcel of it. Complete forthrightness is a sign of vulnerability and naivete, neither of which will earn a politician respect among his or her opponents, and which those opponents will use toevery advantage against the honest politician.Secondly, it is crucial to distinguish between misrepresentations of fact in other words, lies--and mere political rhetoric. The rhetoric of a successful politician eschews rigorous factual inquiry and indisputable fact while appealing to emotions, ideals, and subjective interpretation and characterizations. Consider, for example, a hypothetical candidate for political office who attacks the incumbent opponent by pointing out only certain portions of that opponent's legislative voting record. The candidate might use a vote against a bill eliminating certain incentives for local businesses as "dear evidence" that the opponent is "anti-business," "bad for the economy," or "out of touch with what voters want." None of these allegations are outright lies; they are simply the rhetorical cant of the effective politician.Thirdly, politics is a business born not only of idealism but also of pragmatism; after all, in order to be effective a politician must gain and hold onto political power, which means winning elections. In my observation some degree of pandering to the electorate and to those who might lend financial support in reelection efforts is necessary to maintain that position. Modern politics is replete with candidates who refused to pander, thereby mining their own chance to exercise effective leadership.Although in the short term being less-than-truthful with the public might serve a political leader's interest in preserving power, would-be political leaders who lack requisite integrity ultimately forfeit their leadership. Consider Richard Nixon, whose leadership seemed born not of ideology but of personal ambition, which bred contempt of the very people who sanctioned his leadership in the first place; the ultimate result was his forfeiture of that leadership. In contrast, Ronald Reagan was a highly effective leader largely because he honestly, and deeply, believed in the core principles that he espoused and advocated during his presidency--and his constituency sensed that genuineness and responded favorably to it. Moreover, certain types of sociopolitical leadership inherently require the utmost integrity and honesty. Consider notable figures such as Gandhi and King, both of whom wereeminently effective in leading others to practice the high ethical and moral standards which they themselves advocated. The reason for this is simple: A high standard for one's own personal integrity is a prerequisite for effective moral leadership.To sum up, I concede that the game of politics calls for a certain measure of posturing and disingenuousness. Yet, at the end of the game, without a countervailing measure of integrity, political game-playing will serve to diminish a political leader's effectiveness perhaps to the point where the politician forfeits the game.Issue 169"Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."Should politics and morality be treated as though they are mutually exclusive? I strongly agree with the speaker that any person claiming so fails to understand either the one or the other. An overly narrow definition of morality might require complete forthrightness and candidness in dealings with others. However, the morality of public politics embraces far broader concerns involving the welfare of society, and recognizes compromise as a necessary, and legitimate, means of addressing those concerns.It is wrong-headed to equate moral behavior in politics with the simple notions of honesty and putting the other fellow's needs ahead of one's own----or other ways which we typically measure the morality of an individual's private behavior. Public politics is a game played among professional politicians--and to succeed in the game one must use the tools that are part-and-parcel of it. Complete forthrightness is a sign of vulnerability and naivete, neither of which will earn a politician respect among his or her opponents, and which opponents will use to every advantage against the honest politician. Moreover, the rhetoric of a successful politician eschews rigorous factually inquiry and indisputable fact while appealing to emotions, ideals, and subjective interpretation and characterizations. For example, the politician who claims hisopponent is "anti-business," "bad for the economy," or "out of touch with what voters want" is not necessarily behaving immorally. We must understand that this sort of rhetoric is part-and-parcel of public politics, and thus kept in perspective does not harm the society--as long as it does not escalate to outright lying.Those who disagree with the statement also fail to understand that in order to gain the opportunity for moral leadership politicians must engage in certain compromises along the way. Politics is a business born not only of idealism but also of pragmatism insofar as in order to be effective a politician must gain and hold onto political power. In my observation, some degree of pandering to the electorate and to those who might lend financial support for reelection efforts is necessary to maintain that position. Modern politics is replete with candidates who refused to pander, thereby mining their own chance to exercise effective leadership.Finally, those who claim that effective politicians need not concern themselves with morality fail to appreciate that successful political leadership, if it is to endure, ultimately requires a certain measure of public morality--that is, serving the society with its best interests as the leader's overriding concern. Consider the many leaders, such as Stalin and Hitler, whom most people would agree were egregious violators of public morality. Ultimately such leaders forfeit their leadership as a result of the immoral means by which they obtain or wield their power. Or consider less egregious examples such as President Nixon, whose contempt for the very legal system that afforded him his leadership led to his forfeiture of that leadership. It seems to me that in the short term amoral or immoral public behavior might serve a political leader's interest in preserving power; yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader's downfall.In sum, I fundamentally agree with the statement. It recognizes that the "game" of politics calls for a certain amount of disingenuousness that we might associate with dubious private morality. And it recognizes that such behavior is a necessary means to the final objective of moral political leadership. Besides, at the end of the political。

azalea读北美范文issue

一、英语作文北美洲带翻译。

" I said to myself, "312313314。

569。

1085。

""Oh yeah!" I can't help cheering when I stand on the edge of the clock room. Inthe house, a total of 1987095 watches, 538617 clock, 3490 alarm clock。

"Ding dong! Ding dong!。

" I will soon be the countless sudden and deafening "Ding Dong" crazy! The whole room is in vibration, I like spring, playing, falling off. "Ah! Finally stopped!" I breathed a sigh of relief, not inadvertently glanced at the clock: clockwise each are not identical, minute hand some refers to in the 12 o'clock position, some is in 11。

How did you get here。

" There was a voice from all directions, I saw a moment in front, and looked at the left, right, behind。

Who is talking? I began to worry.I'm here。

" I suddenly flashed in front of a figure. "Oh, ghost, ghost!" I hurried back step, Idid not expect someone behind! I hurried to turn around. "Who are you!" I was bold and asked. My limbs are still shaking!He said slowly, "I am the old man。

GRE北美Issue范文知识进步某个程度上体现了政治权威

GRE北美Issue范文:知识进步某个程度上体现了政治权威下面为大家介绍了新GRE北美写作范文，主要关于知识进步某个程度上体现了政治权威的相关内容，同学们可适当进行参考，以便更充分地准备GRE考试！更多GRE考试资料，请咨询小马过河GRE频道电话400-0123-267！"Great advances in knowledge necessarily involve the rejection of authority."The speaker claims that great advances in knowledge necessarily involve rejection of authority. To the extent that political authority impedes such advances, I agree with this claim. Otherwise, in my view most advances in knowledge actually embrace certain forms of authority, rather than rejecting authority out of hand.One striking example of how political authority can impede the advancement of knowledge involves what we know about the age and evolution of planet Earth. In earlier centuries the official Church of England called for a literal interpretation of the Bible, according to which the Earth's age is determined to be about 6,000 years. IfWestern thinkers had continued to yield to the ostensible authority of the Church, the fields of structural and historical geology would never have advanced beyond the blind acceptance of this contention as fact.A more modern example of how yielding to political authority can impede the advancement of knowledge involves the Soviet Refusenik movement of the 1920s. During this time period the Soviet government attempted not only to control the direction and the goals of its scientists' research but also to distort the outcome of that research. During the 1920s the Soviet government quashed certain areas of scientific inquiry, destroyed entire research facilities and libraries, and caused the sudden disappearance of many scientists who were engaged in research that the state viewed as a potential threat to its power and authority. Not surprisingly, during this time period no significant advances in scientific knowledge occurred under the auspices of the Soviet government.However, given a political climate that facilitates free thought and honest intellectual inquiry, great advances in knowledge can be made by actually embracing certain forms of "authority." A good example involves modern computer technology. Only by building on, or embracing, certain well-established laws of physics were engineers able to develop silicon-based semi-conductor technology. Although new biotechnology research suggests that organic, biochemical processors will replace artificial semi-conductors as the computers of the future, it would be inappropriate to characterize this leap in knowledge as a rejection of authority.In sum, to the extent that political authority imposes artificial constraints on knowledge, I agree that advances in knowledge might require rejection of authority. Otherwise, in my observation advances in knowledge more typically embrace and build on authoritative scientific principles and laws, and do not require the rejection of any type of authority.小马过河编辑为大家整理了新GRE考试中写作部分的一些素材，主要是一篇北美GRE作文范文，供各位新GRE考生进行参考。

留学文书写作范例-欧美文学(个人陈述)

留学文书写作范例－欧美文学（个人陈述）Personal Statement Program: 20th Century American LiteratureThe apparition1 of these faces in the crowds: /Petals on a wet, black bough2. My first reaction on reading Ezra Pound s 1916 poem In a Station of the Metro3 was that of outrage4. Is it a poem by any definition? If it is a poem, how is it to be interpreted and understood? And finally, what are the implications that this poem has produced for the twentieth- century American literature?My initial bewilderment subsided5 as I realized that there must a raison d etre behind this apparently6 bizarre literary phenomenon. What I should do is to put this poem into the context of the American literary evolution and literary history. At least, the poem raises an important challenge. It requires me to understand some of the crucial changes that must be happening around the turn of the last century.My subsequent studies indicate that this poem represents part of the larger literary movement known as Imagism, which included such theorists and practitioners7 as T. E. Hume, Hilda Doolittle, Amy Lowell, Ezra Pound, etc. The movement was adirect reaction to the late Victorian poetry, which had become extremely artificial, emptily rhetorical and ornamental . To address such problems, it was necessary to loosen the metrical pattern and bring it back closer to the rhythms of ordinary speech. Consequently, the imagist movement had a great deal to do with promoting experiments with free verse, advocating among many creeds8 the need to allow absolute freedom in the choice of subject and to produce poetry that is hard and clear, never blurred9 nor indefinite. When Archibald MacLeish said in his Ars Poetica (1926) that A poem should not mean / But be , he had similar concerns in his mind. Imagism, minor10 as it is as a literary movement, triggered important changes in literary criticism, introducing the notion of internal studies as embodied11 by New Criticism to substitute the conventional critical practices.The foregoing incident is but one instance that happened in my study of literature. For a Chinese student like me, it has at least two important implications. First, a literary work must not be treated in isolation12. It interacts with what is written before it and after it and this historical perspective is one way in which we may add to our interpretation13. Second, it is important to be acquainted with relevant literarytheories when interpreting a given literary work.A student majoring in English ( International Trade) at the English Department of XX University, I grew increasingly interested in literature during the second half of my undergraduate program. Of course, I was trained to be a student of English language in the first place and as such I received the standard academic training typical of a student of English major. For the first two years, I primarily had intensive trainings in basic English language skills by attending courses in advanced listening, writing, reading and oral communication. My distinguished14 academic performance is demonstrated by the four consecutive15 first-class and second-class scholarships I won from 1999 to 2003. In 2001, I was awarded the second prize in the campus-wide English composition contest and in 2002 the first prize in the translation contest. Another indicator16 of my scholastic17 achievements is the honor of Outstanding Graduate of XX Province that I received by the time I completed my undergraduate program.I started reading English novels as soon as I began my undergraduate program. But I primarily used it as a way to increase my vocabulary and to improve my reading comprehension.Since the second year in my undergraduate program, our curriculum included five major courses related to Anglo-American literature and culture: Selected Readings in English Literature, Selected Readings in American Literature, Introduction to European Culture, The History of English and American Literature, Selected Readings in English American Fictions. Those courses provided me with a cultural and historical framework with which to understand Anglo-American literature and to know their interrelationships. I grew familiar with major authors and works in British and American literature and gained tentative knowledge of western critical approaches. Books like Literary Theory An Introduction by Terry Eagleton and 20th Literary Criticism edited by David Lodge18 proved somewhat esoteric to me, but they allowed me to realize that there are important critical approaches very different from those in Chinese literature and different from conventional ones in western literature itself.My defining interest in British and American Literature led me to write about T. S. Eliot and his poetry in my thesis Dull Roots Stirred by the Spring Rain Meaning Through Imagery in T. S. Eliot s Waste Land (available upon request). In this thesis, I examined different groups of imagery that T. S. Eliotemployed to externalize his central ideas and emotions. I also analyzed19 the theoretical justifications20 for his virtually excessive use of imagery by tracing it to his theory of Objective Correlative that he proposed in Hamlet and His Problems, a critical essay contained in The Sacred Wood (1920).In an extracurricular event, students in our department put on Shakespeare s drama Romeo and Juliet and I was the performer-director. Based on my own understanding of the play, I changed its tragic21 ending and made it a happy one by allowing the hero and the heroine to be resurrected and reunited. I believe that a love of such intensity22 should be fulfilled, otherwise it would be too pathetic.In the last semester of my undergraduate program, I was recruited by my university to teach the course Appreciation23 of American Literature to students of non-English major. By applying my computer skills, I developed a series of courseware, covering different periods of American literature and illustrated24 by graphics25 and diagrams to make an otherwise difficult course interesting and easy to understand.Nevertheless I am fully26 aware that my knowledge of American literature is far from sufficient. I need to receive more advanced education for the sake of a better careerdevelopment. Therefore I plan to apply for a Graduate program in English at the University of XX, concentrating on modern and contemporary American literature. Your program is nationally recognized (listed as among the top 10 in XX according to XX) and it attacks me for its quality, small size and close mentorship. I am interested in your well-designed curriculum whose Contemporary American Literature, American Literary History, Special Topics in American Literature, American Literature 1865-1914, 1914-1960. Among your 13 professors, I would like to receive instructions from XX, XX, XX. XX, and XX. I believe I am well-prepared and genuinely motivated for your program, which will teach me the knowledge and expertise27 nowhere to be sought in my own country.He saw the apparition of his dead wife.他看见了他亡妻的幽灵。

gre北美范文满分范文

gre北美范文满分范文下面是一篇GRE官方给出满分的ARGUMENT范文，我们来一起赏析，看看它为何能scored six (先读文章，再看我的点评)The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:"Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.北美GRE范文首段This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Howeveer, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree that as the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn\'t necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.北美GRE作文范文中间段1The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefitanalysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.北美GRE范文中间段2This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.北美GRE写作范文中间段3Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.北美GRE范文末端In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e。

Issue写作范文详细解析

Issue写作范文详细解析给大家整理了Issue写作范文详细解析，快来一起学习吧。

下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

Issue写作范文详细解析Issue"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."观点陈述型作文/[题目]"被置于媒体审视下的任何人，其名誉终将受毁损。

"Sample EssayThe intensity of todays media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper foran angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a persons past, increasing the possibility that the subjects reputation may be harmed.[范文正文]当今媒体报道的力度，由于当今时代所能获得的媒体渠道那前所未有的数量和种类，从而被极大地增强。

GRE issue北美2篇

share than from people whose views contradict our own.;
message heard, but have little interest either in finding common
disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
usually manifests itself in meaningless rhetorical bouts and
We can usually learn much more from people whose views we
shouting matches, during which opponents vie to have their own
【GRE issue 北美范文例二】 Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite directionin other words, to make things as simple as possible. Whether making things simple requires greater effort and
In sum, unless two opponents in a debate are each willing to play on the same field and by the same rules, I concede that disagreement can impede learning. Otherwise, reasoned discourse and debate between people with opposing viewpoints is the very foundation upon which human knowledge advances. Accordingly, on balance the speaker is fundamentally correct.

GREIssue作文模板整理

GREIssue作文模板整理（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!GREIssue作文模板整理GRE作文最让广大同学头疼的难题之一就是时间不够用，如果能有一个好的写作模板，将为广大考生在考场上省下构思的时间，就有更多的时间来进行论证段的写作。

ISSUE 官方范文解析

官方范文Issue部分SAMPLE 1"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."题目分析：1，关键词： technological tools, uses, loneliness2，限定词： both, development, modern civilizations, ever increasing 3，逻辑类型： is 型关键词：告诉你这篇文章让你写些什么，抓住了，你的文章大的思路就正确了。

限定词：这是将文章写“准”的基本前提，有的题目比较长，题目本身就有限定词，比如这道题。

但有的题目很短，这样就增加了难度，因为需要你自己去给他限定，不然就会写的很宽泛，这和写论文一个思路，如果要写的准写的有深度，宽泛便是大忌，这样的题目范文里也有，后期我会详细说明。

逻辑类型：这个是最最重要，也是最最容易被大家搞不清楚的，而不幸的是，如果这里没有把握准确，文章则会全盘皆输，成功进入答非所问的境界，rater边看边说，wow，what are you talking about? 这样就有些尴尬了。

Ok ,关于这三点具体在本文的体现，我会在文后详细说明，不在这里说，是为了不影响大家的思路，大家看文章的时候先自己体会。

在文章中寻找这三点，也许你会有比我更深刻的发现。

请先不要翻到后面看，自己对文章有个整体的把握是理解的前提。

Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.我标出的这些并不是什么好词好句，当然我不否认写的很精彩，但是我标出来的在于强调他们题目中关键词和限定词的完美回应。

第二十条英语作文简

第二十条英语作文简英文回答：This issue is highly multifaceted and requires a nuanced understanding of historical, social, and political factors. To provide a comprehensive response, it is crucial to analyze the issue from multiple perspectives and consider the complex interplay of different elements.Firstly, it is necessary to examine the historical context that shaped the emergence of this issue. The development of various social, economic, and political systems has contributed to the formation of different perspectives on this matter. Understanding the historical roots of this issue can help in identifying potential solutions that are sensitive to the diverse contexts in which it manifests.Secondly, exploring the social dimensions of this issue is essential. Different societal norms, values, and beliefsinfluence how people perceive and approach this topic. By considering the social factors that shape attitudes and behaviors, it is possible to develop strategies that resonate with the values and aspirations of different communities.Thirdly, analyzing the political factors that influence the issue is crucial. Political ideologies, policies, and power dynamics can have a significant impact on how this issue is addressed and resolved. Understanding thepolitical landscape and the interests of different stakeholders can help in devising effective policies and interventions that address the core causes of the issue.Finally, adopting an intersectional approach that considers the overlap of different identities and experiences is essential. This issue is often experienced differently by individuals based on their gender, race, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and other factors. An intersectional analysis can help in developing solutions that are inclusive and responsive to the unique challenges faced by different groups.It is important to recognize that this issue is not static and can evolve over time. As societies continue to change and new challenges emerge, it is necessary to adapt and refine strategies to address this issue effectively.中文回答：这个问题是很复杂的，需要对历史、社会和政治因素有深刻的了解。

新GREIssue官方范文整理

新GREIssue官方范文整理今日给大家整理新GREIssue 官方范文，快来一起学习吧。

下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

新GREIssue 官方范文整理1Issue test 1As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Essay Response — Score 6The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century. Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century.The statement attempts to bridge these dramatic changes to a reduction in the ability for humans to think for themselves. The assumption is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to solve previous quandaries. Looking back at the introduction, one could argue that without a car, computer, or mobile phone, the hypothetical worker would need to find alternate methods of transport, information processing and communication. Technology short circuits this thinking by making the problems obsolete.However, this reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the human species. The prior examples reveal that technology allows for convenience. The car, computer and phone all release additional time for people to live more efficiently. This efficiency does not preclude the need for humans to think for themselves. In fact, technology frees humanity to not only tackle new problems, but may itself create new issues that did not exist without technology. For example, the proliferation of automobiles has introduced a need for fuel conservation on a global scale. With increasing energy demands from emerging markets, global warming becomes a concern inconceivable to the horse-and-buggy generation. Likewise dependence on oil has created nation-states that are not dependent on taxation, allowing ruling parties to oppress minority groups such as women. Solutions to these complex problems require the unfettered imaginations of maverick scientists and politicians.In contrast to the statement, we can even see how technology frees the human imagination. Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the internet has allowed for an unprecedented exchange of ideas. WebMD, a popular internet portal for medical information, permits patients to self research symptoms for a more informed doctor visit. This exercise opens pathways of thinking that were previously closed off to the medical layman. With increased interdisciplinary interactions, inspiration can arrive from the most surprising corners. Jeffrey Sachs, one of the architects of the UN Millenium Development Goals, based hisideas on emergency care triage techniques. The unlikely marriage of economics and medicine has healed tense, hyperinflation environments from South America to Eastern Europe.This last example provides the most hope in how technology actually provides hope to the future of humanity. By increasing our reliance on technology, impossible goals can now be achieved. Consider how the late 20th century witnessed the complete elimination of smallpox. This disease had ravaged the human race since prehistorical days, and yet with the technology of vaccines, free thinking humans dared to imagine a world free of smallpox. Using technology, battle plans were drawn out, and smallpox was systematically targeted and eradicated.Technology will always mark the human experience, from the discovery of fire to the implementation of nanotechnology. Given the history of the human race, there will be no limit to the number of problems, both new and old, for us to tackle. There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things, but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues of human imagination.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6The author of this essay stakes out a clear and insightful position on the issue and follows the specific instructions by presenting reasons to support that position. The essay cogently argues that technology does not decrease our ability to think for ourselves, but merely provides additional time for people to live more efficiently. In fact, the problems that have developed alongside the growth of technology (pollution, political unrest in oil-producing nations) actually call for more creative thinking, not less.In further examples, the essay shows how technology allows for the linking of ideas that may never have been connected in the past (like medicine and economic models), pushing people to think in new ways.Examples are persuasive and fully developed; reasoning is logically sound and well supported.Ideas in the essay are connected logically, with effective transitions used both between paragraphs (However or In contrast to the statement) and within paragraphs. Sentence structure is varied and complex and the essay clearly demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), with only minor errors appearing. Thus, this essay meets all the requirements for receiving a top score.新GREIssue 官方范文整理2Essay Response — Score 5Surely many of us have expressed the following sentiment, or some variation on it, during our daily commutes to work: People are getting so stupid these days! Surrounded as we are by striding and strident automatons with cell phones glued to their ears, PDAs gripped in their palms, and omniscient, omnipresent CNN gleaming in their eyeballs, its tempting to believe that technology has isolated and infantilized us, essentally transforming us into dependent, conformist morons best equipped to sideswip one another in our SUVs.Furthermore, hanging around with the younger, pre-commute generation, whom tech-savviness seems to have rendered lethal, is even less reassuring. With Teen People style trends shooting through the air from tiger-striped PDA to zebra-striped PDA, and with the latest starlet gossip zipping from juicy Blackberry to teeny, turbo-charged cell phone, technology seems to support young peoples worst tendencies to follow the crowd. Indeed, they have seemingly evolved into intergalactic conformity police. After all, todays tech-aided teens are, courtesy of authentic, hands-on video games, literally trained to kill; courtesy of chat and instant text messaging, they have their own language; they even havetiny cameras to efficiently photodocument your fashion blunders! Is this adolescence, or paparazzi terrorist training camp?With all this evidence, its easy to believe that tech trends and the incorporation of technological wizardry into our everyday lives have served mostly to enforce conformity, promote dependence, heighten comsumerism and materialism, and generally create a culture that values self-absorption and personal entitlement over cooperation and collaboration. However, I argue that we are merely in the inchoate stages of learning to live with technology while still loving one another. After all, even given the examples provided earlier in this essay, it seems clear that technology hasnt impaired our thinking and problem-solving capacities. Certainly it has incapacitated our behavior and manners; certainly our values have taken a severe blow. However, we are inarguably more efficient in our badness these days. Were effective worker bees of ineffectiveness!If T\technology has so increased our senses of self-efficacy that we can become veritable agents of the awful, virtual CEOs of selfishness, certainly it can be beneficial. Harnessed correctly, technology can improve our ability to think and act for ourselves. The first challenge is to figure out how to provide technology users with some direly-needed direction.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 5The language of this essay clearly illustrates both its strengths and weaknesses. The flowery and sometimes uncannily keen descriptions are often used to powerful effect, but at other times this descriptive language results in errors in syntax. See, for example, the problems of parallelism in the second-to-last sentence of paragraph 2 (After all, todays tech-aided teens ...).There is consistent evidence of facility with syntax and complexvocabulary (Surrounded as we are by striding and strident automatons with cell phones glued to their ears, PDAs gripped in their palms, and omniscient, omnipresent CNN gleaming in their eyeballs, its tempting to believe...). However, such lucid prose is often countered by anover-reliance on abstractions and tangential reasoning. For example, what does the fact that video games literally train [teens] to kill have to do with the use or deterioration of thinking abilities?Because this essay takes a complex approach to the issue (arguing, in effect, that technology neither enhances nor reduces our ability to think for ourselves, but can do one or the other, depending on the user) and because the author makes use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence variety, a score of 5 is appropriate.新GREIssue 官方范文整理3Essay Response — Score 4In all actuality, I think it is more probable that our bodies will surely deteriorate long before our minds do in any significant amount. Who cant say that technology has made us lazier, but thats the key word, lazy, not stupid. The ever increasing amount of technology that we incorporate into our daily lives makes people think and learn every day, possibly more than ever before. Our abilities to think, learn, philosophize, etc. may even reach limits never dreamed of before by average people. Using technology to solve problems will continue to help us realize our potential as a human race.If you think about it, using technology to solve more complicating problems gives humans a chance to expand their thinking and learning, opening up whole new worlds for many people. Many of these people are glad for the chance to expand their horizons by learning more, going to new places, and trying new things. If it wasnt for the invention of new technological devices, I wouldnt be sitting at this computer trying tophilosophize about technology. It would be extremely hard for children in much poorer countries to learn and think for themselves with out the invention of the internet. Think what an impact the printing press, a technologically superior mackine at the time, had on the ability of the human race to learn and think.Right now we are seeing a golden age of technology, using it all the time during our every day lives. When we get up theres instant coffee and the microwave and all these great things that help us get ready for our day. But we arent allowing our minds to deteriorate by using them, we are only making things easier for ourselves and saving time for other important things in our days. Going off to school or work in our cars instead of a horse and buggy. Think of the brain power and genius that was used to come up with that single invention that has changed the way we move across this globe.Using technology to solve our continually more complicated problems as a human race is definately a good thing. Our ability to think for ourselves isnt deteriorating, its continuing to grow, moving on to higher though functions and more ingenious ideas. The ability to use what technology we have is an exampleReader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 4This essay meets all the criteria of a level-4 essay. The writer develops a clear position (Using technology to solve our problems will continue to help us realize our potential as a human race). The position is then developed with relevant reasons (using technology to solve more complicat[ed] problems gives humans a chance to expand their thinking and learning and we are seeing a golden age of technology).Point 1, using technology, is supported with the simple but relevant notion that technology allows us access to information and abilities to which we would not normally have access. Similarly, point 2, the goldenage, is supported by the basic description of our technologically saturated social condition. Though the overall development and organization of the essay does suffer from an occasional misdirection (see paragraph 3s abrupt progression from coffee pots to the benefits of technology to cars), the essay as a whole flows smoothly and logically from one idea to the next.It is useful to compare this essay to the level-3 essay presented next. Though both essays entail some surface-level discussion and often fail to probe deeply into the issue, this writer does take the analysis a step further. In paragraph 2, the distinction between this essay and the next one (the level-3 response) can most clearly be seen. To support the notion that advances in technology actually help increase thinking ability, the writer draws a clever parallel between the promise of modern, sophisticated technology (computer) and the actual impact of equally promising and pervasive technologies of the past (printing press).Like the analysis, the language in this essay clearly meets the requirements for a score of 4. The writer displays sufficient control of language and the conventions of standard written English. The preponderance of mistakes are of a cosmetic nature (trying to solve more complicating problems.) There is a sentence fragment (Going off ...) along with a comma splice (Our ability ... isnt deteriorating, its continuing to grow ...) in paragraph 3. However, these errors are minor and do not interfere with the clarity of the ideas being presented.新GREIssue 官方范文整理4Essay Response — Score 3There is no current proof that advancing technology will deteriorate the ability of humans to think. On the contrary, advancements in technology had advanced our vast knowledge in many fields, opening opportunities for further understanding and achievement. For example,the problem of dibilitating illnesses and diseases such as alzheimers disease is slowing being solved by the technological advancements in stem cell research. The future ability of growing new brain cells and the possibility to reverse the onset of alzheimers is now becoming a reality. This shows our initiative as humans to better our health demonstrates greater ability of humans to think.One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds is the use of internet and cell phones. In the past humans had to seek out information in many different enviroments and aspects of life. Now humans can sit in a chair and type anything into a computer and get an answer. Our reliance on this type of technology can be detrimental if not regulated and regularily substituted for other information sources such as human interactions and hands on learning. I think if humans understand that we should not have such a reliance on computer technology, that we as a species will advance further by utilizing the opportunity of computer technology as well as the other sources of information outside of a computer. Supplementing our knowledge with internet access is surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 3This essay never moves beyond a superficial discussion of the issue. The writer attempts to develop two points: that advancements in technology have progressed our knowledge in many fields and that supplementing rather than relying on technology is surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race. Each point, then, is developed with relevant but insufficient evidence. In discussing the potential of technology to advance knowledge in many fields (a broad subject, rife with possible examples), the writer uses only one limited and very brief example from a specific field (medicine and stem-cell research).Development of the second point is hindered by a lack of specificity and organization. The writer creates what might be best described as an outline. The writer cites a need for regulation/supplementation and warns of the detriment of over-reliance upon technology. However, the explanation of both the problem and solution is vague and limited (Our reliance ... can be detrimental. If humans understand that we should not have such a reliance ... we will advance further). There is neither explanation of consequences nor clarification of what is meant by supplementing. This second paragraph is a series of generalizations that are loosely connected and lack a much-needed grounding.In the essay, there are some minor language errors and a few more serious flaws (e.g., The future ability of growing new brain cells or One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds). Despite the accumulation of such flaws, the writers meaning is generally clear. Thus, this essay earns a score of 3.新GREIssue 官方范文整理5Essay Response — Score 2In recent centuries, humans have developed the technology very rapidly, and you may accept some merit of it, and you may see a distortion in society occured by it. To be lazy for human in some meaning is one of the fashion issues in thesedays. There are many symptoms and resons of it. However, I can not agree with the statement that the technology make humans to be reluctant to thinkng thoroughly.Of course, you can see the phenomena of human laziness along with developed technology in some place. However, they would happen in specific condition, not general. What makes human to be laze of thinking is not merely technology, but the the tendency of human that they treat them as a magic stick and a black box. Not understanding the aims and theory of them couses the disapproval problems.The most important thing to use the thechnology, regardless the new or old, is to comprehend the fundamental idea of them, and to adapt suit tech to tasks in need. Even if you recognize a method as a all-mighty and it is extremely over-spec to your needs, you can not see the result you want. In this procedure, humans have to consider as long as possible to acquire adequate functions. Therefore, humans can not escape from using their brain.In addition, the technology as it is do not vain automatically, the is created by humans. Thus, the more developed tech and the more you want a convenient life, the more you think and emmit your creativity to breakthrough some banal method sarcastically.Consequently, if you are not passive to the new tech, but offensive to it, you would not lose your ability to think deeply. Furthermore, you may improve the ability by adopting it.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 2The language of this essay is what most clearly links it to the score of 2. Amidst sporadic moments of clarity, this essay is marred by serious errors in grammar, usage and mechanics that often interfere with meaning. It is unclear what the writer means when he/she states, To be lazy for human in some meaning is one of the fashion issues in thesedays, or to adapt suit tech to tasks in need.Despite such severe flaws, the writer has made an obvious attempt to respond to the prompt (I can not agree with the statement that the technology make humans to be reluctant to thinking thoroughly) as well as an unclear attempt to support such an assertion (Not understanding the aims and theory of them [technology] couses the disapproval problems and The most important thing to use the thechnology ... is to comprehend the fundamental idea of them). On the whole, the essay displays aseriously flawed but not fundamentally deficient attempt to develop and support its claims.(Note: In this specific case, the analysis is tied directly to the language. As the language falters, so too does the analysis.)Essay Response — Score 1Humans have invented machines but they have forgot it and have started everything technically so clearly their thinking process is deterioating.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 1The essay is clearly on topic, as evidenced by the writers usage of the more significant terms from the prompt: technically (technologically), humans, thinking (think) and deteriorating (deteriorate). Such usage is the only clear evidence of understanding. Meaning aside, the brevity of the essay (one sentence) clearly indicates the writers inability to develop a response that follows the specific instructions given (Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement above and explain your reasoning for the position you take).The language, too, is clearly level 1, as the sentence fails to achieve coherence. The coherent phrases in this one-sentence response are those tied to the prompt: Humans have invented machines and their thinking process is deteriorating. Otherwise, the point being made is unclear新GREIssue 官方范文整理文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并丰富，共享给更多有需要的人。

第二十条300字作文

第二十条300字作文英文回答：The twentieth amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on February 6, 1933, and has two main effects. First, it moved the beginning of the presidential and vice presidential terms from March 4th to January 20th. Second, it abbreviated the "lame-duck" period—the time between the election of a new Congress and the convening of the new Congress—from over four months to about two months.The twentieth amendment was proposed by Congress in response to the assassination of President William McKinley and the resulting need for a quick and orderly transition of power. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 further highlighted the need for a speedy transition of power.The twentieth amendment also addresses the issue of the"lame-duck" period. In the years before the amendment was passed, the lame-duck period was often a time of political gridlock. The new Congress would not convene until March4th, and the outgoing Congress would often be unwilling to take any major actions during this time. The twentieth amendment shortens the lame-duck period to about two months, ensuring that the new Congress will be able to convene and begin work soon after it is elected.中文回答：美国宪法第二十条修正案于1933年2月6日获得批准，有两个主要影响。

ISSUE 官方范文解析

限定词：这是将文章写“准”的基本前提，有的题目比较长，题目本身就有限定词，比如这道题。

Ok ,关于这三点具体在本文的体现，我会在文后详细说明，不在这里说，是为了不影响大家的思路，大家看文章的时候先自己体会。

在文章中寻找这三点，也许你会有比我更深刻的发现。

请先不要翻到后面看，自己对文章有个整体的把握是理解的前提。

北美范文A分类模板

北美范文A分类模板~错误类比19.(错误类比或草率推广)Even if Ad Lib’s serves are necessary tochieve the manage’s goal, it is entirely possible that[the experiences/measures/policy in A]Ad Lib’s service would not suffice to ensure similar [the result in B] sucesselsewhere—due to the sort of factors mentioned above that might have contributedto[the result inA] the Megalopolis success but would not come into play in other cities.152.The mere fact that on nearbyBatia replenishing beach sand has served to protect shore-line buildings is scant evidencethat Tria would achieve its goals by following Batia’s example. Perhaps the same course of action would be ineffective on Tria due togeological differences between the two islands. Or perhaps Batia is in a far betterposition than Tria financially to replenish its sand on a continual basis. Inshort, lackingevidence that conditions on the two islands are relevantly similar,the author cannot convince me on the basis of Batia’s experience that the proposed courseof action would be effective in attaining Tria’s goals.155.The editorial continues by claiming that listening to audiocassettes will make children better readers beacuse when parents read aloud to their children these children become better readers.This argument byanalogy is wholly unpersuasive.The latter allows for interaction between parentand child, whilethe former does not. The latter allows for the child to view writtenwords as the parent reads—that is, to read—while the former does not. Besides, commonsense and experience tell us that audiocassettes, which provide forpassive listening, are likely to serve as crutches that dissuade children fromactive reading—instead of encouraging them to read.160.A threshold problem with the argument isthat it assumesthat what improves memory and learning in rats will also improve memory andlearning inhumans. Although this is entirely possible, the argument provides noevidence to support this assumption. Withoutsuch evidence the argument can be rejected out of hand.162.The argument assumesthat the difference in soyconsumption is the onlypossible explanation for this disparity in the occurrence of fatigue and depression. Yet theargument fails to substantiate this assumption. Common sence informs me that any one of a myriad of otherdifferences—environmental, dietary, and genetic—might explain why North Americans suffer from these problems to agreat extent than asians do. Without considering and ruling out alternativereasons for this disparity, the argument’s conclusion that soy is the key to the disparity isindefensible.168.Even assuming that the survey data accurately reflect the auto industry, theargument unfairly assumes that supervision affects worker productivity similarlyat PPC. Perhaps PPC employs certain unique equipment orprocesses that require close worker supervision—even for older, moreexperienced workers. For that matter[同样] pehaps youth or inexperienced is anadvantage in working productivelyat PPC, whereas in the auto industry either is a disadvantage. In short, without accounting for possibledifferences between PPC andauto manufacturers the director cannot convince me that hisrecommendation for PPC is sound.210.The argument depends on the hasty assumption that the kinds of tasks robots perform in space are similar to the ones they wouldperform in factories, and that there are no differences between the two environments that would render robots less effective in factory jobs than in space missions. Perhaps the effectiveness of robots in space missions is due largely to the weightlessenvironment of space. Or perhaps the average space-mission robotperforms less work than a typical factory robot would be required to work. In either case, thefact that robots are effective in space would amount to scant support for the author’sargument.214.(错误类比及总量和比例混淆)A Third assumption upon which the argument rests is that thepercentage of residents who attend public schools is about the samein both cities. The argument indicates only that the total population of the two cities isabout the same.If a comparatively small percentage of Blue Cityresidents attend public schools, then the comparatively small amount of money BlueCity devotes to those schools might be well justified despite an equal level ofconcern about the quality of public-school education among residents in the twocities.整体规律用于个体23.The nationwide study showing clear trends among two-income families toward dining out and eating healthily does notnecessarily apply to Bay City. It is quite possible that Bay City’s two-incomefamilies do notfollow these gereral trends. For that matter, in Bay City the trend might be just the opposite.Thus, thenationwide trends that the argument cites amount to scant evidence that Bay City residents in particular would frequent a new seafood restaurant intheir city.148.The author unfairly assumes that the nationwide tendencyapplies specifically to Monroetown residents. Lacking evidence that Monroetownvoters reflectthis general tendency, it is entirely possible that Monreotown residentsvote strictly according to their position on the issues.For thatmatter(同样), it is possible that Monreotown voters tend strongly to vote against incunbent, in which case theauthor’s claim that Monreotown residents oppose Brown’s proposal would moreflagrantly fly in the face of the election results.单个事例说明整体19.Even assuming that either DR’s popularityor AD Lid’s campaign, or both, were responsible for the Megalopolis su ccess,the manager’s calimthat this success can be repeated elsewhere might nevertheless beunwarranted.Megalopolis mightnot be representative of most cities in which DR plans to appear—inany one of various ways that would adversely impact ticket sales in othercities. Forinstance, perhaps DR hails from Megalopolis and has far more fans inMegalopolis than any other city. Or, perhaps the kind of ad campaign that is Ad Lib’sspecialty, although effective in Megalopolis, would not be effective in mostcities.150.Even if I were to concede thatpollution caused Yosemite’s amphibian decline, this single sample is insufficient to draw anygeneral conclusion about the reason for a worldwide amphibiandecline. It isentirely possible that the cause-and-effect relationship in Yosemiteare not typical of the world in general. Without additional samples from diverse geographiclocations, I cannot accept the author’s sweeping generalization about thedecline of amphibian and global pollution.176.The memo unfairly assumes that since Venadial is popular in Alta it will also be popular in other countries. Consumer tastesin foods like margarine, as well asconcerns about health matters such ascholesterol level, vary widely from country to country. It is quitepossible that consumers in Alta enjoy the taste of Venadial morethan other consumers would, or that consumers in Alta are more concerned than the average person about cholesterol level and heart attack. Since the memo provides no evidence tha t tastesand health concerns of Alta consumers are representative of those of people generally,the sale’s director’s conclusion that Venadial will be popular elsewhere isunjustifiable, at least based on the memo.没有考虑其他影响因素11.The argument overlooks the strong possibility that the recycling habits of West Egg residents are not the only factor affecting howquickly the landfill will reach capacity. Other such factors might include population anddemographic shifts, the habits of people from outside West Egg whose trash alsofeeds the landfill, and the availability of alternative disposal methods suchas burning. Thus,regardless of the recycling efforts West Egg residents the landfill mightnevertheless reach full capacity by the date originally forecast.18.The argument assumes that all other factorsaffecting highway accident rates have remained unchanged since thecounty lowered its speed limit. Yet the author fails to provide evidence tosupport this assumption. It is entirely possible that the lower speed limit does in fact serveto reduce the accident rate, while some other factor, such as unseasonably poorweather, reduced law enforcement measures, or even an influx of teenage driversto the area, hasserved to increase the accident rate. Without considering and ruling out these andother factors that might have served to increase the accident ratesince the speed limit was lowered, the author cannot justifiably conclude that thissafety effort has failed.19.The manager also overlooks the possibility that one or morefactors other than Ad Lib’s efforts or DR’s popularity were insteadresponsible for the Megalopolis success. For instance, perhaps DR shared thebill at the concert with another band, whose appearance was the actual reasonfor the concert’s success. If so, this fact would seriously weaken the m anager’s claimthat the Megalopolis success is attributable to Ad Lib’s efforts andto DR’s popularity in Megalopolis—whether or not that popularity resulted formAd Lib’s campaign.150.Even if I concede that theintroduction of trout was not the cause of Yo semite’s amphibian decline, the author providesno evidence that the decline wascaused by pollution—rather than some other phenomenon. Perhaps someother environmental factor was instead the cause. Without ruling outall other possible explanations the author cannot convince me that pollution isthe cause of the worldwide amphibian decline—or even the decline in Yosemitealone.156.Even if Mega’s attendees are involved insales and customer relations, the ad unfarily assumes that the improvement in Mega’ssales must beattribute to the seminar. Perhaps the improvement in sales was the result of increasing product demand, new pricing policies, decreased competition, or any one of amyriad of other possible developments. For that matter, perhaps Mega’s new employees as a group already possessed exceptional interpersonalskills, andtherefore Mega’s sales and customer relations would have improvedduring the ensuring months regardless of the seminar. Since the ad fails to consider and rule outthese and other alternative explanations for the improvements atMega, I find the ad’s claim that the Dickens seminar should receive creditunconvincing.160.A third problem with the argument is that it assumes that learning and memory are the only significant factors affecting performance in school. Common sense and experience tell us this is not the case, anda variety of other factors, such as motivation and natural ability, also play majorroles. Thus, the compounds might very well turn out to be largelyineffective.162.The argument assumes that the difference in soyconsumption isthe only possible explanation for this disparity in the occurrenceof fatigue and depression. Yet the argument fails to substantiate thismon sense informs me that any one of a myriad of other differences—environmental,dietary, and genetic—might explain why North Americans suffer from these problems to agreater extent than Asian do. Without considering and ruling outalternative reasons for this disparity, the argument’s conclusion that soy is the key tothe disparity isindefensible.168.The argument also overlooks many other possible explanationsfor the comparatively low incidenceof hip fractures among this group of women. For example, perhaps these women were more physically fit thanaverage to begin with. Or perhaps the nursing homes where the group resided provided specialsafeguards against accidental injuries that are not ordinarily for most elderlypeople. Or perhaps French people are less susceptible to bone loss thanother people are—dueperhaps to cultural dietary habits or genetic predisposition. For thatmatter, perhaps women aregenetically less disposed to lose bone mass than men are. Any ofthese scenarios, if ture, would undermine the conclusion that the lower incidence of hip fractures wasattribute to the additional vitamin D and calcium.221.A third problem with the argument is that it unfairly infersthat the proposed course ofcation is the only means of achieving the desired result. The letter’s author overlooks other possible means of ensuring thatsocial-science students findimmediate employment—such as co-op programs, job seminars, and so forth. Without ruling out alternative means of achievingthe same goal, the author cannot convince me that the proposed course of action is needed.224.The author’s conclusion that Riedeburg is “the best-qualified candidate”raisestwo problems in itself. First,regardless of Riedeburg’srecord as governor it is entirely possible that one or more other candidates are actuallybetter qualified. Second, the letter fails to adequately define what makes a candidate for state governorqualified. Without indicating what the ideal qualifications would be and rulingout the possibility that anothercandidate better meets these qualifications, the author cannot make a convincingcase that Riedeburg is thebest-qualified candidate.236.The article failsto consider any other course of action that might help Beauville attain the same economic goals. Perhaps by improving its schools or hospitals, or by reducing itcrime rate, Beauville can just as quickly and effectively attract newbusinesses and achieve its economic objectives. In short, without weighing theproposal against alternatives,thearticle’s claim that theproposed incentives are the “best” means of achieving Beauville’s objectives iswholly unconvinving.盈利问题23.Even if Bay City families flockto the new seafood restaurant, the restaruant would not necessarily be profitable as aresult.Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense.Thus, it isentirely possible that the restaurant’s costs of obtainting high-quality,healthful seafood, or of promoting the new restaurant, might render it unprofitable despite its popularity. Withoutweighing revenue against expenses the argument’s conclusion ispremature at best.176.Even if Venadial is shownconclusively to carry the touted health benefits and to be popular worldwide,Healthy-and-Good will not necessarily earn a substantial profit by acquiringinternational rights to sell Venadial. The memo provides no information about the costsinvolved in manufacturing and distributing Venadial—only that isderived from pine-tree resin and has been produced only in Alta. PerhapsVenadial can be derived only from certain pine trees located in Alta andsurrounding regions. If so, then the costs of procuring Venadial might prevent thecompany from earning a profit.In short, without more information about supply, demand, and production costs, it is impossible to determine whether the company can earna profit from acquiring international rights to sell Venadial.非充要条件19.In concluding that DR must hireAd Lib in order to ensure similar success throughout the country, the manager assumes that Ad Lib’s services are both necessary andsufficient for this purpose.Yet the manager hasnot provided any evidence to substantiate either assumption. Lackingsuch evidence, itis just as likely that some other ad agency would be equally or moreeffective. Evenif Ad Lib’s services are necessary to achieve the manager’s goal, it is entirelypossible that Ad Lib’s services would not suffice to ensure similarsuccess elsewhere—due to the sort of factors mentioned above that might havecontributed to the Megalopolis success but would not come into play in othercities.192.Although a merger might benecessary to eliminate current confusion about which authority to contact forservices, the editorial overlooks the possibility that the merger will not in itselfsuffice to eliminate this confusion. Specifically, until the residents ofboth communities are apprised of the change and learn how to respondappropriately, confusion will continue—and perhaps even increase in the shortterm. Thus,some measure of community awareness and responsiveness might also be required for theelimination of confusion.非此即彼148.Theargument suffers from “either-or” reasoning.Based on the fact that Monroetown residents areopposed to Brown’s proposed tax cut, the authorunfairly concludes that they must be in favor of Green’s proposal. However, the author overlooks the possibility that Monroetown residents are not in favor either proposal.比例与总量混淆23.A 30% increase in seafood consumption at Bay City restaurants does notnecessarily indicate a sufficient demand for a new Bay City restaurant servingseafood dishes only. Although a 30%increase seems significant, the actual level of consumption might nevertheless be very low. This scenario is quite possible, especially consideringthat there are currently no seafood restaurants in Bay City. Lacking evidence that asignificant number of the city’s restaurant patrons are ordering seafood, the argument’s conclusion that a new seafoodrestaurant would be popular and profitable isunjustified.203.The mere fact that the Saluda hospital receives fewer patient complaintsthan Megaville’s hospital provesnothing about either efficiencyor quality of care. Eventhough the number of complaints is smaller, thepercentage of patientscomplaining might be higher. Also, Meg aville’s staff might openlyencourage patient feedback while Saluda’s does not. This scenarios with myobservation that for-profit orgnizations are generally more concerned withcustomer satisfaction than non-profit organizations are.214.One such assumption is that the total budget for the two cities is about the same.It is entirely possible that Blue City’s total budget is no more than half thatof Parson City. If so, then the fact that Blue City budgets only half as much as Parson City for its public schools would suggest at least the same degree of careabout public-school education among Blue City’s residents as amongParson’sresidents.对比实验问题167.Another fundamental problem is that the speakeromits to inform us about the test subjects’ sleep patterns just prior to the experiment. It is impossibleconclude with any confidence that the subjects benefited from sleeping onlavendar-scented pillows without comparing how they slept with the pillows tohow they sleep without them. （初始状态）Two final problems with the argument involve the experimental process. The experiment’s results are reliable only if all otherfactors that might affect sleep patterns remained constant during thethree-week period, and if the number of experimental subjects isstatistically significant. Without evidence of theexperiment’s methodological and statistical reliability, the speaker’s conclusion is unjustifiable. （其他因素）168.The argument assumes unfairly that the additional vitaminD and calcium, rather than the weight training, were responsible for thelower-than-average incidence of hip fractures among this group of women. It is entirely possible that the weighttraining, not the supplements, was responsible for preserving bone mass. Also, weight training is known to improvemuscular strength, coordination, and flexibility, which in turn might reducethe likelihood of accidental falls and other injuries. Thus, the weight trainingcould also have been responsible in this respect.（其他因素）The argument also overlooks many other possibleexplanations for the comparatively low incidence of hip fractures among thisgroup of women. For example, perhapsthese women were more physically fit than average to begin with. Or perhaps the nursing homes where the groupresided provided special safeguards against accidental injuries that are notordinarily for most elderly people. Or perhaps French people are less susceptible to boneloss than other people are—due perhaps to cultural dietary habits or geneticpredisposition. For that matter,perhaps women are genetically less disposed to lose bone mass than men are. Anyof these scenarios, if ture, would undermine the conclusion that the lowerincidence ofhip fractures was attribute to the additional vitamin D andcalcium.（初始状态）188.Another problem with the argument is that it overlooks other factors that might havecontributed to the amount ofpain these patients experienced.Perhaps the women’s wisdomteeth were not as impacted as the men’s teeth generally, so that for the womenthe surgery was not as invasive and painful. Perhaps some of the women tookother medications as well to help relieve the pain. For that matter, some ofthe men might have taken certain foods or medications that counteracted theeffects of KO. In short, unless theexperiment was conducted in a controlled environment in which all factors werethe same for men as for women, it isimpossible to draw any firm conclusion about the comparative effectiveness of KO for the two sexes.（其他因素）其他152（攻击后果）The author makes certain dubious assumptionabout the impact of beach-accessfees. On the one hand, the authorignores the possibility that charging fees might deter so many tourists thatTria would be worse off overall. On the other hand,perhaps the vast majority of Tria’s tourists and residents alike would happilypay for beach access, in which case Triabeaches would continue to be no less crowded than they are now. Under eitherscenario, adopting the author’s proposal might harm, rather than benefit,Tria’s tourist industry in the long run.155（调查信息不完整）The editorial goes on to cite st udies which “attest to the value” ofallowing students to hear books read aloud. However, as it stands this evidence is far too vague to support the editorial’sconclusion; we are not informed whether the “value” relates specifically toreading skills. Common sense tells me that while audiocassettes can help any person learn facts and understand concepts, askill such as reading can only be learned by practicing the skill itself.173（缺乏比较的错误）The memo fails to indicate whether other magazines experienced an increaseof a decrease in sales by reducing their emphasis on international news. It ispossible, forinstance, that the other magazines experienced declining saleseven for issues focusing only on demostic news. If so,then the publisher’srecommendation would make littlesense.On the other hand, if other magazines experienced thesame correlation betweencover story and sales volume,thisfact would lendconsiderable support to the publisher’s conclusion thatinternational cover stories wereresponsible for poor sales.192 (自相矛盾)Theeditorial seems to make two irreconcilable claims.Oneis that the merger will result inthe elimination of certain duplicative jobs; theother is that no current municipal employee will become umemployedas a result of the merger.The editorial fails to consider thateliminatingduplicative jobs would decrease the aggregate number of current municipalemployees unless enough newjobs are created to offset the decrease, and thatnew jobswould in turn add to administrative costs. Thus,as itstands the argument is self-contradictory, and the authormust eithermodify it by choosing between two competing objectives—preservingcurrent employment levels andcutting costs—orsomehow reconcile these two objectives.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]11 / 11。

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Issue 20 "Most of the people we consider heroic today were, in fact, very ordinary people who happened to be in the right place at the right time."
Heroic：brave, did some good things. Helped others.
In the right place, on the right time, did a right thing. It can be ordinary people.
Wikipedia: refer to characters who, in the face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, display courage and the will for self sacrifice—that is, heroism—for some greater good of all humanity. Lots of examples that have happened before.
生词：concede: 承认，容许。

Sibling: 兄弟，姐妹
Lionize: 捧人，把。

视为要人。

Fortitude:坚韧，刚毅
Notoriety: 臭名，名声狼藉requisite: 必要的事物，必须的，必要的。

Amputee: 被截肢者serendipity：意外发现真气事物的才能
第一个观点提出，表达自己对中心词汇的理解，举例说明为什么机子这么理解这个概念。

再解释自己为什么用这个例子。

提出第二个观点：我不同意做这个看法，如果是这样。

的确如此，但是，缺少了对。

的考虑。

应该是。

而不是。

告诉读者我不同意这个看法的原因。

进一步讨论第二个观点，为什么我会这么理解这个概念---- 举例----具体化自己的例子----简单的解释自己的例子----连续好几个例子----回到自己的观点，为什么题目是错误的。

再换一个角度讨论自己的观点，另外一种情况是。

举例----解释例子，回到自己的观点，所以说题目是错误的
总结段，重述自己的每一个观点。

句式，句型：I agree with… however I disagree with…
I concede that,
My intuition is that
Few would dispute that
The statements’ suggestion that … is simply wrongheaded.
I find quite telling an often-used idiom/story/example
If one examines… consider…
Sport heroes/politicians often fall into this category.
As statement seems to suggest, is
The statement correctly suggests that
词汇：insofar as, wrongheaded, ungrounded, serve as catalyst for. Lionize.。

issue 20 北美范文

写作ISSUE

北美范文issue总结打印版最终

azalea读北美范文issue

GRE北美Issue范文 知识进步某个程度上体现了政治权威

留学文书写作范例-欧美文学(个人陈述)

gre北美范文满分范文

Issue写作范文详细解析

GRE issue北美2篇

GREIssue作文模板整理

ISSUE 官方范文解析

第二十条英语作文简

推荐第二十条英语作文

新GREIssue官方范文整理

第二十条300字作文

ISSUE 官方范文解析

北美范文A分类模板

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