英语

Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials.
理论分析和实验结果在材料力学研究中具有同等重要的地位.
The concepts of stress and strain can be illustrated in an elementary way by considering the extension of a prismatic bar.
应力和应变的概念可借等直杆的拉伸进行初步阐述.
The stress in the bar is found by dividing the force by the cross-sectional area, and the strain is found by dividing the elongation by the length along which the elongation occurs.
把作用在试件上的拉力除以杆的横截面面积可得应力，把试件的伸长除以延伸长方向的长度可得应变.
The typical shape of the stress-strain diagram for structural steel is shown in Fig2-1(a), where the axial strains are plotted on the horizontal axis and the corresponding stresses are given by the ordinates to the curve OABCDE
结构钢的应力-应变图的典型曲线如图所示，其中横轴表示轴向应变，有曲线OABCDE的纵坐标来给出所对应的应力.
Diagrams analogous to those in tension may also be obtained for various materials in compression, and such characteristic stresses as the proportional limit, the yield point, and the ultimate stress can be established.
与这些拉伸曲线类似，还可以获得各种材料压缩时的应力-应变曲线.
The main difference between brittle and ductile materials is that the brittle materials break down after a small deformation, whereas the ductile materials ultimately fail only after considerable deformation.
脆性和韧性的材料是脆性材料破坏后变形小的主要区别，而延性材料的最终失败之后，相当大的变形。

Prior to his investigations into the behavior of solid bodies under loads, constructors followed precedents and empirical rules.
在伽利略对荷载作用下固体特征的研究之前，建设者们遵循的是先例和经验的准则.
The behavior of a member subjected to forces depends not only on the fundamental laws Of Newtonian mechanics that govern the equilibrium of the forces but also on the physical characteristics of the materials of which the member is fabricated.
受到外力作用杆件的性能不仅依赖与控制力平衡的牛顿力学基本定律，而且还依赖与制造杆件材料的物理性质.
In spite of the relative simplicity of the methods employed here, however, the resulting techniques are unusually useful as thy do apply to a vast number of technically important problems.
尽管我们采用的方法不较简单，但由此得到的技术对于很多重要技术问题都是极为有用的. Considering only the engineering essentials, the structure of a building can be defined as the assemblage of those parts which exist for the purpose of maintaining shape and stability. Its primary purpose is to resist any loads applied to the building and to transmit those to the ground.
就工程的实质而言，建筑结构可定义为，保持形状和稳定为目的的各个基本构建的组合体。

其基本目的是抵抗作用在建筑物上的各种荷载并把它传到地基上。

The requirement of strength means that the materials selected to resist the stresses generated by the loads and shapes of the structure must be adequate.
强度的要求意味着所选择的用以承受由荷载产生的应力的结构材料和结构形状都必须适当。

A high-rise frame that sways considerably in the wind might not actually be dangerous but may make the building uninhabitable just the same.
在风载作用下摇晃的很厉害的高层框架虽然没有危险，但仍然不适宜居住。

The compressive strength of a given concrete is a function of the quality and proportions of its constituents and the manner in which the fresh concrete is cured.
给定混凝土的抗压强度是其组成成分的质量和比例以及新浇混凝土的养护方法的函数.
A building code is a statute, in the form of detailed regulations, that has been enacted by a municipality or other government entity to ensure that all the buildings constructed within its jurisdiction meet certain minimum standards of health and safety.
建筑规范是用详细的条例形式制定的法规。

这个法规是由一个市政当局或其他政府机构制定的。

其目的是为了确保在所管辖范围之内的所有建筑符合一定的卫生或安全的最起码标准。

The codes that have been adopted by most large and medium size cities in the United States are a mixture of engineering knowledge, local building customs, and an accommodation to local political realities.
被美国许多大中城市所采用的建筑规范是集工程知识、当地的建筑习俗以及与当地政府现实相适应的产物.
Specification-type building codes were probably a necessity in a day when speculative builders tried to get by using the cheapest materials they could buy, assembled in the most slipshod manner.
当建筑商试图用他们能买到的最便宜的建筑材料，用最差的施工方式建造房屋时，规定型建筑规范是必不可少的.
In addition to its poor tensile strength, concrete, like most construction materials, expands in hot weather and when wet and contracts in cold weather and as it dries out.
除了抗拉强度差之外，像大多数建筑材料一样，混凝土还会热胀冷缩，湿胀干缩。

建筑building材料力学strength of materials耐火性refractory quality可行性 practicability钢筋混凝土steel reinforced concrete防水材料waterproof位移偏差displacement原料材料 raw material活荷载mobile load脆性的brittle投机的 speculative推导reduction可变形的 transmutable 断裂fracture区分differentiate 恒荷载dead load建筑规范building code不可磨灭的 indelible固有权利inherent right腐蚀性的 corrosive约束restrain卫生的 healthful威力权利 interest制定enact 制造 manufacture有弹性的bouncy有经验的skilled。