18 19Module1SectionⅢGrammar被动语态Ⅰand主谓一致
19-20 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——被动语态
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④Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was seen to walk into the building. ⑤My sister gave me a big cake. → I was given a big cake by my sister. ⑥We should make good use of every chance. →Every chance should be made good use of ．
式为：be＋及物动词的 _过__去__分__词___。
how it looks and make changes before
construction is carried out.
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⑤Besides this，VR can be used to practise
skills in a secure environment that otherwise 3.在被动语态的句子中
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四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．主动形式表示被动意义 (1)当 feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等系动词后面接形 容词/ 名词构成系表结构时；当 cut，read，sell，wear, write，wash，cook， shut，dry，drink 等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开 始、结束、运动”等意义时。 The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来很香。
Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world
Section Ⅲ Grammar——被动语态
2
语境自主领悟
先观察原句
18 19Module3SectionⅢGrammar被动语态Ⅰand主谓一致
Section 山Grammar ------- 被动语态（n ）&直接引语与间接引语［语境自主领悟］［语法精要点拨］、过去完成时的被动语态1. 构成：had+ been+过去分词2•用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。
常用于before, after, by the time, when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by, before, until +过去的时间点。
When she got home she found that her keySi ad been left in her office.当她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。
By 16: 30, which was almost closi ng time, n early all the paintings had been sold 到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。
The newspaper reported more than 1, 000 people had been killed in the hurrica ne.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。
［名师点津］在“It was the first/second...time that...句型中。
此句型主句用一般过去时，that 引导的定语从句中，主语和谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语 ^态。
It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue 那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。
［即时演练1］单句语法填空①By the end of last yea，10，000 trees had been planted （plant） in that village.② His village had been flooded （flood） in the heavy rain，so he moved to his pare nts' house.二、直接引语与间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。
中考 Grammar：中考英语被动语态语法讲解
中考Grammar：中考英语被动语态语法讲解一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we'reready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A newcinema is being built here．4）was/were done 一般过去时例I wasgiven ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时例By theend of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时例Ameeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundredsof jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）shall/will have been done 将来完成时例Theproject will have been completed before July.2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。
《Grammar and usage》 知识清单
《Grammar and usage》知识清单一、词类（Parts of Speech）1、名词（Noun）普通名词（Common Noun）：如“book”（书）、“table”（桌子）。
专有名词（Proper Noun）：如“China”（中国）、“Tom”（汤姆）。
可数名词（Countable Noun）和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun）：可数名词有复数形式，如“apples”；不可数名词没有复数形式，如“water”。
2、动词（Verb）及物动词（Transitive Verb）和不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）：及物动词后需接宾语，如“eat an apple”；不及物动词后不接宾语，如“sleep”。
动词的时态（Tenses）：包括一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）等。
3、形容词（Adjective）形容词用于描述或修饰名词，如“beautiful girl”（漂亮的女孩）。
形容词的比较级（Comparative Degree）和最高级（Superlative Degree）：如“taller”（更高的）、“the tallest”（最高的）。
4、副词（Adverb）副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如“run fast”（跑得快）、“very beautiful”（非常漂亮）。
副词的比较级和最高级：如“more carefully”（更仔细地）、“most carefully”（最仔细地）。
5、代词（Pronoun）人称代词（Personal Pronoun）：如“I”（我）、“you”（你）、“he”（他）等。
2018-2019学年高中英语(外研版)必修三配套课件：Module 1 Period 3 Grammar 语法专题课 精讲优练课型
3. 下列情况不用被动语态:
(1) 有 些 动 词 或 动 词 短 语 没 有 被 动 语 态 ， 如 belong to, break out, happen, take place, last, fail, cost等。 *The meeting only lasted for an hour. 会议只持续了一个小时。
were 3. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures _____
produced (produce) by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and _________ Michelangelo.
(1) 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语
时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
*Walking on the moon is very difficult.
在月球上行走是十分困难的。
*What the boy wanted were some books. 这个男孩想要的是几本书。(此句根据some books可知What the boy
(2) 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义以说明主语的性质，如 clean, sell, look, lock, open, write, read, wash, feel 等 ， 此 时 多 与 副 词 easily/poorly/well等连用。 *This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布很容易洗。
2. 主动语态变被动语态应注意： (1)有些动词, 如feel，hear，watch，notice，make，have，let等，在
book3 module1Grammar 主谓一致详解
Module 1Grammar 主谓一致主备人：审批人：使用人：学习目标了解主谓一致的常用规则学习用规则解决问题是指主语和谓语之间在人称和数上保持一致的关系。
简言之，既是单主，单谓；复主，复谓。
谓语的形式只取决于主语。
1. 由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and 所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. (指不同的人)李明和张华是好学生。
Both the teachers and the students are here. (指不同的人)老师和学生都在这里。
The writer and poet lives in the village. (指同一个人)这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。
Husband and wife forms a family.夫妻组成家庭。
Note: 1).由every, each, many a, no ...等词修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。
No boy and girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。
Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。
In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
2).当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了表。
Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。
高1-4模块-3单元 Grammar and usage(被动语态)
2. Much attention should ___ the increase in the number of cars, which may___ traffic jams. A. pay to; result in B. be paid; result from C. be paid to; result in D. be paid; result from
3. She is very shy and she is not used to ____ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised 4. I don’t know the restaurant, but it is ___ to be quite a good one. A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked
Please wait a while. I’ll just go and get changed. The workers have got paid. ▲ 3.在被动语态中有时我们用 get代替be动词，如get killed, get changed, get dressed, get hurt, get married等．
Unit 3 Tomorrow ’ s world
Grammar and usage
The man ________ is called (call) “Good husband”.
is being treated The pet dog _____________ (treat) by a vet(兽医) now.
2．双宾语（ＳＶＯＯ句型）
外研版英语必修一Module1-Module3重点知识总结
Key Points Module1 Ⅰ. Language Points 1.倍数的表达法：倍数的表达法： as as……as (两个as 中间用原级) 倍数+ 比较级比较级 + than the +性质名词性质名词 +of 2.否定转移——反意疑问否定转移——反意疑问A.常见否定转移的表达：sb. don ’t think/guess/believe/suppose B.反意疑问遵循“一从二三主”原则反意疑问遵循“一从二三主”原则eg: I don ’t think he is right, is he? You don You don’’t think he is right, do you? He/She/Tom doesn He/She/Tom doesn’’t think I am right, does he/ does she/ does Tom ？3. –ing/-ed 形容词区别形容词区别a. -ing 形容词修饰物形容词修饰物b.-ed 形容词修饰人（人所特有的五官face,look,voice,smile, expression 也用-ed 来修饰）来修饰）4. 对would you mind doing 的回答的回答的回答 介意—Yes, you’d Yes, you’d better not./ I prefer you not to do./ I better not./ I prefer you not to do./ I ’m sorry , but … 不介意—No, of course not./ Certainly not./ Not at all./ Go ahead. 5. 倒装句——表情况相同倒装句——表情况相同She likes dancing, so do I . 倒装句表情况相同倒装句表情况相同She doesn’t like dancing, neither do I. She likes dancing, so she does.—正常语序表“确实是这样”—正常语序表“确实是这样”6.6.take part in/ join in / join/ attend A. take part in 参加群众性的、集体性的活动，例如take part in school activities/ take part in the Olympic Games B. join in 参加正在进行的竞赛活动参加正在进行的竞赛活动 常用join sb. (in) doing 参加正在进行的竞赛活动C. join 参加某个组织或团体，例如，join the Party(共产党) / join the league(共青团)/ join the army(参军) D. attend正式用语，常指参加婚葬，会议，典礼，上学，上课等，例如，attend the wedding(婚礼) attend 常指参加婚葬，会议，the funeral(葬礼) attend class(上课) attend school(上学) 7. matter的用法的用法It doesn’t matter if…如果…没关系没关系Does it matter if…如果…有关系吗？有关系吗？It matters a lot if…如果…很要紧很要紧Ⅱ. Key Phrasesat the start/ beginning of 在…的开始/开端的末尾开端 at the end of 在…的末尾attitude to/towards 对…的态度换句话说的态度 in other words换句话说take part in/ join/ join sb. (in) doing/ attend 参加参加divide sth. into = sth. be divided into 划分为把…划分为move to 搬到…look forward to doing 期盼做某事期盼做某事feel/get/be bored with 对…感到厌倦感到厌倦be impressed with 某人对某人对…印象深刻印象深刻…给某人留下深刻印象/…给某人留下难leave a deep impression on/ leave an unforgettable impression on 忘的印象忘的印象用这种方式：in this way in this manner with this method by this means ——————一般现在时Ⅲ. Grammar——————一般现在时1.经常性、习惯性动作用一般现在时经常性、习惯性动作用一般现在时She goes to see the film once a week. He always/often/usually/sometimes/never/seldom talks with others. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. The light travels faster than sound. I will go to Xi’an if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. t talk with your mouth full. The room is bright with all the lights on. Ms. Liu comes into classroom with a book in her hand. The mother left, with the baby crying. b. 被动——done He is sleeping with the window closed. c. 还没做还没做With so much homework to do, I can’t go out. that……﹠so that 2. so…thatthat……如此…以致于…A. so…thatShe explains English grammar so clear that even I can understand it. B. so that 引导结果状语从句，译为“因此”引导结果状语从句，译为“因此”引导结果状语从句，译为“因此”’t feel completely stupid. Mrs. Liu just smiles, so that you don3.appreciate 的用法的用法A. appreciate (one’s) doing 感激（某人）做某事感激（某人）做某事I appreciate your helping me. …如果…我将感激不尽B. I would appreciate it if我将感激不尽I would appreciate it if you help me. 4. admit 的用法的用法A. admit doing 承认做了某事承认做了某事承认做了某事He admitted breaking the window. B. sb. be admitted to/into 被…录取或接收录取或接收I was admitted to/into Peking University. 5. prefer 的用法的用法 (preferring, preferred) A. prefer sth. 更喜欢更喜欢…—Which one do you prefer, the apple or the pear? —I prefer apple. B. prefer sth to sth. 比起…更喜欢…Rather than talk with us, he prefers to play alone. admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/mind/look forward to/be busy/be good at +doing sb. need to do 某人必须做某事 sth. need doing such little children/ such great progress(such little:这么小) so little+不可数名词不可数名词 “如此少”eg: do you think/believe/guess/suppose, 插入语最大的特点是后接陈述句插入语最大的特点是后接陈述句 Who do you think you are? What do you guess she likes? When do you suppose we should set off(出发)?Where do you think we can go? 划线处都应为陈述句划线处都应为陈述句eg: The dog approached the garden when the girl ran out. China is larger than other countries.(population are peasants.(4. afford 的用法的用法sth. can/can can/can’’t/be able to/ be not able to afford 意为“能够/不能支付得起”不能支付得起”to do sth. eg: I can afford this coat. = I can afford to buy this coat. 5. “许多大，大量的”“许多大，大量的”A. + 可数名词复数：可数名词复数： many a good/ great many a large/ great number of 谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数There are a great many books in our school ’s library. A number of teachers in our school are men. B. + 不可数名词：much a great deal of a large amount of 谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数A great deal of water in our city is wasted every year. A large amount of money was lost. C. + 两可：a lot of=lots of plenty of (这两个短语作主语时谓语动词形式依据名词是否可数来确定) a large quantity of (作主语，谓语动词用单数) large quantities of (作主语，谓语动词用复) A lot of students in this school have passed the exam.(后接了可数名词复数，所以谓语动词用复数) Lots of food is eaten by the guests.(客人) （后接了不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数）A large quantity of milk is wasted. (a large quantity of 作主语，谓语动词用单数) Large quantities of milk are wasted. (large quantities of 作主语，谓语动词用复数) 6. 多个形容词作主语时的顺序多个形容词作主语时的顺序 ：“限冠形龄颜国材”“限冠形龄颜国材”Ten strong young Chinese students are taking part in the boat race. 7. 半系动词：包括5个感官动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel); remain; keep 最大特点：后接形容词，The 100-year-old architecture still remains new. eg: It is the first time that I have visited China. eg: It was the first time that I had visited China. 从句，从句通常用一般过去式从句，从句通常用一般过去式eg: It is six years since we saw each other last year. I have been to France twice. (make/ earn money by doing sth. 等一会儿例如 wait for a while 等一会儿挣钱 such as 例如靠…挣钱feel fortunate doing sth. 做某事感到很幸运做某事感到很幸运 remain to be done 尚待，有待为生尚待，有待 live on 以…为生so far / up to now/ till now 到目前为止(完成时态标志词除了这三个还有：since, already, yet, never) 。
高中英语 语法 一轮复习 被动语态+主谓一致
谓三语、动词被必动定具语有态时态在，不而不同同时时态态的下被动的语呈态结现构有些许不同
时态
结构
被动语态公式
一般现在时 do原形/+s,es
am/is/are+done
一般过去时 do过去式
was/were+done
一般将来时 will+do
will be+done
现在进行时 is/am/are+doing am/is/are being+done
③sell,wash,wear 表示性能时，没有被动语态。 ~His paintings sell well. ~The cloth washes well.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.wIat_s_s_u_g_g_e_s_te_d___(suggest)just now that the goods
9．He may_b__e_i_n__v_i_te_d__(invite)to the party.
10．Our classroom must___b_e_k__ep__t ___(keep)clean.
Ⅴ. 语法填空
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了著名足球运动员Lionel Messi的成长故事。
不常见
have/has been
had been
+done
Tom will clean the room tomorrow.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow .
Have a try will be done
trees plant
road widen
高中英语Module1EuropeSectionⅢGrammar_被动语态和主谓一致课件外研版必修3
3－2.完成句子 ⑥老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。 The old are well taken care of in our city. ⑦我们一家人在看电视。 My family are watching TV. ⑧什么时间什么地方举行这次会议还没有决定 下来。
When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided
二、主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保 持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一 致原则，语法一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．意义一致，指谓语动词的变化根据主语所表达的 单、复数概念而定。
(1)有些集合名词如 family, team, class, committee, government 等作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数 形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。
(8)“分数/百分数＋of 短语”作主语时，根据 of 后 的名词的数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Two thirds of the trees have been cut down. 三分之二的树木被砍掉了。 Two thirds of the water is used for watering the trees. 三分之二的水被用来浇树了。
The family has moved to Spain. 这家人已搬去西班牙。 His family are all important persons. 他的家人都是些重要人物。
(2)单个从句、不定式、动名词(短语)等作主语时，谓 语用单数。
When to go to China hasn't been decided. 什么时候去中国还没决定。 (3) 学科类名词、抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词、 游戏或运动类的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。 Physics is considered difficult by most of students. 许多学生认为物理很难。
M1-3 Grammar 1 被动语态
这时汽车已修完了。
2．被动语态的用法
1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执
行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。 The book is written for teachers.
这种书是为教师写的。 2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带
一般来讲, 只有及物动词才有被动语 态，因为只有及物动词才能有动作 的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+ 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词， 相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。
因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语 动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时， 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。这 样的短语有： look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of
C．serves
D．served
在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶 和蔗糖。
答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常
用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选 择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”， 此处应用被动语态。
8. If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. ('92) A．are not kept; will have to B．are not kept; have to C．do not keep; will have to D．do not keep; have to
We gave him some picture-books. →He was given some picture-books. →Some picture-books were given to him.
19-20版 Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——短语(Ⅰ)
Section ⅢGrammar——短语(Ⅰ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.The first week was a little confusing.2.First，I had to think very carefully aboutwhich courses I wanted to take.3.The school adviser helped me choose thesuitable ones.4.The coach told me that I didn't play wellenough.短语或词组(phrases)是具有一定意义的一组词。
本单元主要讲名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。
短语或词组(phrases)有以下三种形式：1．名词短语(Noun Phrase)：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。
2．形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。
3．副词短语(Adverb Phrase)：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。
短语类型组成功能例子名词短语(NounPhrase)(限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
a beautiful campussome school clubsa beautiful campus ofmy school Phrase)(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
very suitablereally very confusingstrong enoughgood for nothing副词短语(Adverb Phrase)(副词)＋副词在句中当作副词用可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
very quicklyquite wellfar too fastmuch more creatively1．在“组成”中，括号里的成分是可选项。
Grammar(被动语态)
The play won’t act. The door won’t shut. The cloth washes well. The material tears easily. （比较：He angrily 比较： tore the paper into pieces.） ） The sentence reads smoothly.（比较：The （比较： sentence was read aloud by the student.） ） The bell strikes clearly.（比较：The naughty （比较： boy struck the bell with a stone.） ） Her voice records well.（比较：The speech （比较： was recorded and played before the audience.） ）
该句的句型是: 注:该句的句型是 It is said that…/people 该句的句型是
(they) said that…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字 根据句意是已经被译成了
所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。 所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
7. –Hi, Tom, you look tired. -- Of course. I ___ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting
6. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated
2019外研版高中英语必修三知识点语法总结超全超值语文
必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe重要短语：because of因为thanks to由于；多亏了due to/owing to由于as a result of由于…的结果be covered by/withbe known for/as/tomake A out of B用B制成A make A into B/be made ofwork on从事/做…工作；忙于have…in commonrefer to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于have control over/of对…有控制权Beyond control无法控制under control被控制住out of control 失去控制in the control of由…控制/管理/负责lose control of对…失去控制have a population of有多少人口little by little渐渐地in one’s thirtiescompare A with/and B比较A和B compare…to…把…比作….compared with/to…与…比较起来belong toincrease(reduce) to/byin terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点in the long/short term就长/短期而言come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be faced with面临，面对face to facealong the coastoff the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上ever since自从/一直on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在（be）opposite to在…对面，与…相反just the opposite恰恰相反keep a cool head保持头脑清醒lose one’s head惊慌失措，失去理智head for朝着…前进get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。
高中英语Module1EuropePeriodThreeGrammar
第十一页，共34页。
特别提示：集合名词cattle，people，police作主语时，谓语常用复数。 记忆秘诀：牛群爱人民警察。 People are working hard in the field. 人们在地里辛勤地劳作着。 The police are searching for the escaped prisoners. 警察正在(zhèngzài)搜寻逃跑的罪犯。
第八页，共34页。
即时跟踪1
(1)用所给动词的正确(zhèngquè)形式填空
①—Why did you leave that position?
—I was offered (offer) a better position at IBM.
②More than a dozen students in that schoowlere sent abroad to study foreign language last year.
④The city is visited bvyisaitbout 20,000 tourists every day.
About 20,000 tourists the city every day.
⑤The studmeanktes are made tododo a lot of homework.
第四页，共34页。
三、一般(yībān)现在时和一般(yībān)过去时的被动语态
1.一般(yībān)现在时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋am/is/are
＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。
I am often told to be careful by my mother.
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Section 山Grammar 被动语态(I )&主谓一致［语境自主领悟］［语法精要点拨］一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1. 构成一般现在时被动语态的构成：is/am/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+过去分词My computer is repaired every few mon ths.我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。
My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday.昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。
2. 用法(1)需要强调动作的承受者时，此时可以用“by+动作执行者”指出动作的执行者。
—Did you enjoy the party?――你们在聚会上玩得开心吗？—Yes.We were treated wel by our hosts――很开心。
主人把我们招待得很好。
(2)不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
Do you know whe n the new railway will be opened?你知道新的铁路什么时候通车吗？3. 主动形式表示被动意义⑴连系动词(如look, sou nd, smell, feel, taste, remai n 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.这种食品尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meet in g pounded e ncourag ing.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。
(2)当wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock 等不及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gif W rites smoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。
［名师点津］⑴不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。
常见的不及物动词(短语)有即pea, die, disappea, fail, happen, lie , break out, come true, lose heart, take place, run out 等。
(2)部分及物动词(短语)无被动语态。
常见的有contain , fit , suit , cost , belong to , con sist of 等。
［即时演练1］单句语法填空①All the broke n doors were repaired (repair)yesterday.②All the housework is done (do)by my mother in our family.③The wounded man was sent(send) to the hospital right away after the accident happened.④A huge fire broke(break) out last nigh, causing great damage to the company.二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循：意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。
考点一意义一致意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
1 .集合名词(family , team, class, government等)作主语时，若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。
His family is going out.他们全家要外出。
His family are all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。
［名师点津］(1) 集合名词people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2) trousers, glasses clothes, shoes等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但如果这些词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
2. 从句、动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。
To learn English well is difficult.学好英语是困难的。
Liste ning to loud music at rock con certs is caused heari ng loss in some teen agers.在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。
What he is faced with is a new project.他所面对的是一项新的课题。
What we n eed are more volun teers.我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。
3. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Three mon ths has passed since I came to the school.我来到这所学校已经三个月。
Fifty dollars was a large sum of money for me at that time.那时50美金对我来说是一大笔钱。
4. and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。
A sin ger and dan cer is prese nt at the party today.一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。
A sin ger and a dan ce are prese nt at the party today.一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。
5. 当主语是“ most/some/half/the rest分数/百分数+ of+名词” 时，如果of 后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Most of his time is spe nt on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。
Twe nty perce nt of the workers here are wome n.这儿百分之二十的工人是女工。
6 •“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The old are well take n care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
The injured have bee n take n to the n earest hospital.受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。
［即时演练2］单句语法填空①Twenty pounds was/is (be) miss ing from the wallet.②Even the wise are (be) not always free from mistakes.③The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.考点二语法一致语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. either，neither，each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any，no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
We went to see a couple of houses but neither was suitable.我们去看了两处房子，但都不合适。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗？2. 主语后接with，along with，rather than, but，except, besides including，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与主语一致。
Tom, along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
The teacher as well as the stude ntt kes the pain ti ng.老师和学生都喜欢这幅画。
3. 当主语是由and, both...and..连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every，each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive educati on.在我国，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
［名师点津］“many a(n)/more than on3单数可数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
［即时演练3］单句语法填空①Both John and Ann are (be) interested in English.②Tom, as well as the other students in his class likes (like) swimming.③Read ing _is (be) a good way to improve your En glish.考点三就近一致就近一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致。
1. neither...nor.., either...or..., not only...but also..., not...but..., whether...or... 或or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。
Neither you nor he was allowed to go out at ni ght.你和他都不允许晚上出去。
Is either she or you going to Beijing?她还是你要去北京？2. there, here引导的句子其主语是一系列事物时，使用就近一致原则。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。
There are many routes from China to Europe.从中国到欧洲有很多条路线。