2015年北京师范大学生命科学学院考博招生专业目录 考博真题 考博参考书目 考博资料
2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题
2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考博真题，方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。
考博英语真题Part I: Listening Comprehension略Part II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestone and mark your answer on the ANSER SHEET.Passage OneIn 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York,Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experiencedremarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades ofthe twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number ofcircumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the areawas enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and datingto obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the OwensRiver. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made itpossible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; itdisseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. Themost important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked tothe automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of theSouthern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: itsdistinctive spatialorganization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was adecentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It考博结束已经好几个月了，也终于静下心来回顾一下自己整个考博的历程。
2015中科院生命科学学院考博参考书、真题、报录比、复试分数线、考博大纲、资料笔记、研究生招生专业目录
检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。 考试类型、考试内容及考试结构
本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占 10%）、完形填空（占 15%）、阅读理解（占 40%）、 英译汉（占 15%），写作（占 20%）。试卷分为：试卷一（Paper One）客观试题，包括前 三个部分，共 75 题，顺序排号；试卷二（Paper Two）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个 部分。
05 生物分析
丁永胜
①1001 英语一②2464 分子生 物学③3477 细胞生物学
06 哺乳动物的遗传与发育 袁莉
同上
07 环境与健康 糖尿病
丁文军
①1001 英语一②2181 分子生 为中丹
物学（A）③3250 细胞生物学 学院代
（A）
招,挂
靠生命
科学学
院招生
071300 生态学
01 草地生态学、生物地球 王艳芬
一、词汇 主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和
词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。共 20 题。每题为一个留有空白的英 文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。
二、完形填空 主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生
①1001 英语一②2543 生态学
专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威
化学 02 土壤生态学、生理生态
崔骁勇 学
③3558 微生物学
①1001 英语一②2543 生态学 ③3531 土壤学
六、中国科学院大学英语考博大纲
考试对象 报考中国科学院大学各单位（具体指中国科学院所属各研究院、所、中心、园、台、
2015年北京师范大学教育学考博试题分析,考试真题,真题解析,复试真题,考博经验,真题笔记
考博详解与指导(一)教育哲学名词解释几年都没有出现重复，涉及到的有著作、教育流派、教育观、教育基本概念等方面，所以加强这些方面的总结是很必要的。
很有必要翻看教育哲学词典，并做摘录。
论述题教育主客体、效率与公平、全球化背景下的……等是热点考题。
重点需要抓住这些。
另外大众高等教育和精英高等教育也是热点。
不过2008年加入了有关教育哲学的基本问题的考查及教育哲学家的观点等。
因此复习需要全面进行。
(二)比较教育从题型来看，比较教育一直都没有改变，都是4-5道论述题。
基本上考查高等教育方面的比较多一点。
每年基本都有一道关于比较教育理论方面的内容。
一些重要改革潮流(课程、教育管理等)都是重点。
1.What’s your name?2.Does your name have any special meaning?3.Where were you come from?4.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?5.What is the climate like in your hometown?6.What is people’s favorite food in your region?7.What do you do during the Spring Festival?8.Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated?9.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.10.How long have you lived in XXX?11.What place in XXX do you like best?Why?12.Which is the best place you’ve been to China?13.What is the biggest problem you will face?14.Could you tell me something about your family?、15.When will you get married?16.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?17.What difficulties do your parents have concerning their old age?18.Which kind of professor do you like best?19.What does friendship mean to you?What kind of people do you make friendwith?20.What is your major?21.How do you like your major?22.When and where did you graduate?What qualifications have you obtained?23.What impressed you most when you were at university?24.What is the best university in your opinion?25.Could you sum up your own study habits in a few points?26.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why?27.What do you do for a living?28.What are your job prospects?29.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?30.What are your spare time interests?31.How do you spend your weekends?32.What is your favorite sport?What are the rules?33.What kind of films do you like best?34.What kind of music do you enjoy?35.Where have you been traveling to?Which place interested you most?36.Do you enjoy traveling?If yes.Where and why?37.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?38.What problem do you think you will have in XXX?39.How will you overcome the difficulties?40.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?41.What difficulties do you think you’ll encounter in your studies?42.What do you intend to study?43.Why did you choose our university?44.Would you want to be a volunteer during Olympic Games?45.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad,what would you do?46.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons,please.52.How serious is unemployment among young people?53.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?54.What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past5years?55.As there are more and more private cars,what do you think the government should do in order to encourage citizens to use public transport?56.How do you see yourself in ten years’time?57.What business do you hope to have?58.What will do if you cannot find a job after graduation?59.How do you afford your tuition?60.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?• 1.自我介绍（self-introduce）Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is***，24.I come from******，the capital of*******Province.I graduated from the*******department of *****University in July，2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching*****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded，quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time，I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books，especially those about*******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition，during my college years，I was once a Net-bar technician.So，I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway，I feel great pity for our country‘s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course，if I am given a chance to study ******in this famous University，I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance******.2.考研原因（reasons for my choice）There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion，as one of the most famous******in our country，it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly，I learnt a lot from my*****job during the past two years.However，I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development，especially in this competitive modern world.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划（plans in the postgraduate study）First，I hope I can form systematic view of*****.As for******，my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as**************.If possible，I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.4.介绍你的家乡（about hometown）I am from，a famous city with a long history over2，200years.It is called“Rong Cheng”because there were lots of banians even900years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics，economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here，for instance，Yanfu，Xie Bingxin，Lin Zexu and so on..You know，there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。
北京师范大学逻辑学考博参考书和考博真题
02 西方历史哲学 韩震 1 同上
03 实用主义哲学 王成兵 1 同上
04 分析哲学与语 李红
言哲学
1 同上
010104 逻辑学
01 哲学逻辑
①1101 英语或 1102 俄语或 1103 郭佳宏 1 日语或 1105 德语②2094 现代逻辑
基础③3120 逻辑哲学和逻辑史
专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威
邮政编码：100875
联系部门：哲学与社会学学院 电话：58801006
联系人：王园园
专业代码、名称及研究 招生导 招生
方向
师 人数
考试科目
001 哲学与社会学学 22
院
010101 马克思主义 哲学
01 马克思哲学与 杨耕
当代
①1101 英语或 1102 俄语或 1103 1 日语②2215 马克思主义哲学 A③
对称逻辑以对称规律为基本的思维规律，悖论是对称逻辑产生的催化剂。“悖论”的出 现说明原有的逻辑和逻辑学的不完善，说明对称逻辑学的产生是逻辑与逻辑学发展的自然历 史过程。
(以上内容摘自：《经济学的形而上学》，陈世清著，中国时代经济出版社 2011)
逻辑的本质是寻找事物的相对关系，并用已知推断未知
旧称“论理学”、“理则学”、“名学”、“辩学”。关于思维形式及其规律的学科， 由亚里士多德创立。由德国古典哲学家们创立的逻辑学使逻辑学进入了一个新的领域。黑格 尔把思维形式的发展与人的认识的各个阶段紧密结合起来进行研究，这些思维形式彼此联 系、相互转化，又具有新的意义。
逻辑学是研究思维形式的学问。
逻辑学是研究纯粹理念的科学，所谓纯粹理念就是思维的最抽象的要素所形成的理念
〔说明〕在这部分初步论逻辑学的概念里，所包含对于逻辑学以及其他概念的规定，也 同样适用于哲学上许多基本概念。这些规定都是由于并对于全体有了综观而据以创立出来 的。
2014年北京师范大学生命科学学院考博专业介绍,考博试题,试题解析
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5
【全国百所名校定向保录】
02 水生动物分 牛翠娟
子与生理生态学 03 入侵生态 成新跃
学 04 进化生态 廖万金*
学 张大勇
05 植物生态 娄安如
学 06 种群与行为 刘定震
生态学 07 陆地生态 牟溥
学 08 进化与生态 林魁
基因组学 09 分子进化与 牛登科
【全国百所名校定向保录】 【才思教育由命题组领专业化辅导】
考博详解与指导
北京师范大学 2015 年博士生招生专业目录
生命科学学院招收博士生审核录取选拔方案
生命科学学院 2015 年拟招收博士生 34 名。其中本科直博生 5 名，硕博连读生 15 名左右，其余 为统考生。硕博连读生与统考生实行“申请—考核”选拔方式。
3
【全国百所名校定向保录】 【才思教育由命题组领专业化辅导】
01 植物发育分 王英典
子生物学 02 植物发育信 韩生成
号转导 03 细胞代谢调 翟永功
控 04 细胞内钙信 王友军*
号转导的分子机制 071009 细胞生物
学 01 程序性细胞 张俊杰
死亡调控的分子机理 02 分泌细胞的 崔宗杰
信号转导 03 细胞增殖调 桑建利
06 研究 DNA 损 杜立林
伤应答、细胞自噬和功 s
能基因组学
07 探索衰老的 董梦秋
生物学过程和分子调控 s
机制
08 计算生物 学、生物化学和结构生 黄牛 s 物学
09 先天性免疫 邵峰 s
防御的分子机制
10 细胞生长、 衰老及神经退行性体免疫治疗 s
学
张正旺
02 鸟类学 张雁云
071003 生理学
01 神经生物 曾少举
2015北京师范大学生命科学学院 ——植物学专业博课参考书-真题-分数线-资料-育明考博
育明考博全国免费咨询电话400-668-6978 QQ：493371626 QQ：28900643512015北京师范大学考博QQ 交流群105619820 英语群335488903 专业课群157460416北京师范大学生命科学学院植物学专业考博分析一、考博介绍：2015年北京师范大学生命科学学院招生47人，其中植物学专业分为数量生态学与生物多样性、植物化学及其活性、种子植物分类学三个主要研究方向，其指导老师为张金屯、赵长琦、刘全儒。
二、联系导师：在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师育明考博2014届学员成绩喜报 英语各类课程学员数873人 专业课各类课程学员239人 专业课教学测评中学员零差评 英语一对一全程32名学员全部过线 第七期考博英语集训营四个班97名学员90人过线对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
北京师范大学课程与教学论任翔、郑国民语文教育考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
北京师范大学课程与教学论任翔、郑国民语文教育考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京师范大学文学院每年招收博士生41人，下设民俗学、课程与教学论、文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国民间文学，共10个专业。
课程与教学论专业下设任翔、郑国民的语文教育。
二、考试的科目课程与教学论的考试科目为：①1101英语②2295语文教育学③3789语文教育史三、导师介绍任翔：教授，语文教育研究所所长郑国民：北京师范大学教师教育学院常务副院长兼教育学部副部长，博士生导师，教育部国家语文课程标准研制修订组专家，全国中学语文教学专业委员会副理长，北京师范大学版小学语文教材主编。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
北师大教育学考博-北京师范大学教育学考博参考书目
北师大教育学考博-北京师范大学教育学考博参考书目专业介绍教育学是一门独立的学科。
教育学是研究人类教育现象和解决教育问题、揭示一般教育规律的一门社会科学。
北师大教育学考博，教育是广泛存在于人类生活中的社会现象，教育学是有目的地培养社会人的活动。
它是通过对各种教育现象和问题的研究揭示教育的一般规律。
19世纪中叶以后，马克思主义的产生，近代心理学、生理学的发展，为科学化教育奠定了辩证唯物主义哲学和自然科学基础。
现代生产和科学技术的发展，教育实践的广泛性、丰富性，更进一步推动了教育学的发展。
教育学的研究对象是人类教育现象和问题，以及教育的一般规律。
是教育、社会、人之间和教育内部各因素之间内在的本质的联系和关系，具有客观性、必然性、稳定性、重复性。
如教育与社会的政治、生产、经济、文化、人口之间的关系，教育活动与人的发展之间的关系，教育内部的学校教育、社会教育、家庭教育之间的关系，小学教育、中学教育、大学教育之间的关系，中学教育中教育目标与教学、课外教育之间的关系，教育、教学活动中智育与德、体、美、劳诸育之间的关系，智育中教育者的施教与受教育者的受教之间的关系，学生学习活动中学习动机、学习态度、学习方法与学习成绩之间的关系等等都存在着规律性联系。
教育学的任务就是要探讨、揭示种种教育的规律，北师大教育学考博，阐明各种教育问题，建立教育学理论体系。
关于教育学的研究对象，有各种各样的观点，有人认为是“教育现象”，有人认为是“教育事实”，有人认为是“教育规律”，有人认为是上述三者中的两项或三项，还有人笼统地认为是“教育”或“人”。
这些观点大多模糊不清，似是而非。
教育学的研究对象应是以“教育事实”为基础，在教育价值观引导下形成的“教育问题”，其目的在于探索和揭示教育活动的规律性联系，以服务于教育实践。
教育问题的提出标志着教育学的萌芽;教育问题的发展是推动教育学发展的内在动力，教育问题的转换表明教育学研究传统和范式的变革;对同一问题的不同回答就形成了不同的教育思想和教育观念及其派别。
2015年北京师范大学教育哲学考博复习资料,真题解析,考博经验,考博心得,复试真题,真题笔记
考博详解与指导(一)教育哲学1.石中英著，《教育哲学导论》，北京师范大学出版社，2004.2.(美)诺丁斯著，许立新译，《教育哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2008.3.石中英著，《教育哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2007.4.张楚廷著，《教育哲学》，教育科学出版社，2006.5.周浩波著，《教育哲学》，人民教育出版社，2001.6.黄济著，《教育哲学通论》，山西教育出版社，2005.7.布鲁贝克，王承绪等译，《高等教育哲学》，浙江教育出版社，2007.8.王坤庆，《现代教育哲学》，华中师范大学出版社，2001.9.桑新民陈建翔，《教育哲学对话》，河北教育出版社，2001.10.张斌贤，刘慧珍主编，《西方高等教育哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2007.11.杜普伊斯著，彭正梅，朱承译，《历史视野中的西方教育哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2006.12.范寿康著，《教育哲学大纲》，福建教育出版社，2007.13.斯普林格，《脑中之轮：教育哲学导论》，北京大学出版社，2005.14.郝文武，《教育哲学》，人民教育出版社，2006.15.曾钊新，《教育哲学》，中南大学出版社，2003.16.舒志定著，《教育哲学引论》，中国社会出版社，2007.17.刘复兴、刘长城，《传统教育哲学问题新释》，湖北教育出版社，2000.18.石中英，《教育哲学的责任与追求》，安徽教育出版社，2007.19.布列钦卡，《教育知识的哲学》，华东师范大学出版社，2006.20.(美)奥兹门(Ozmon,H.A.),(美)克莱威尔(Craver)，石中英、邓敏娜等译，《教育的哲学基础》，中国轻工业出版社，2006.21.:(美)伊斯雷尔·谢弗勒，《人类的潜能--一项教育哲学的研究》，华东师范大学出版，2006.22.袁贵仁著，《教育哲学片论(修订版)》，北京师范大学出版社，2004.23.陶志琼，《新旧之间：教育哲学的嬗变》，重庆出版社，2003.24.刘铁芳，《走向生活的教育哲学》，湖南师范大学出版社，2005.25.高伟，《生存论教育哲学》，教育科学出版社，2006.27.黄建钢，《教育--哲学论》，浙江大学出版社，2008.28.:(美)古特克著,陈晓端译，《哲学与意识形态视野中的教育》，北京师范大学出版社，2008.29.(英)普林(Pring,R.)著，《教育研究的哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2008.30.(德国)WolfgangBrezinka，《信仰、道德和教育：规范哲学的考察》，华东师范大学出版社，2008.31.刘智运，《大学教育哲学》，人民教育出版社，2008.32.(美)古特克著,陈晓端译，《哲学与意识形态视野中的教育》，北京师范大学出版社，2008.33.(英)普林(Pring,R.)著，《教育研究的哲学》，北京师范大学出版社，2008.34.宋宁娜，《教育哲学探索》，陕西人民教育出版社,2007。
2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题
2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题(总分68, 做题时间90分钟)1. Reading ComprehensionThe human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that me brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in me surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of me oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside me cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain. When the position of the head changes—as when the head bends forward—the force on the hair cells changes its output of nerve impulses. The brain then interprets these changes to determine the head's new position.1.What can be inferred about the organs for hearing and balance?A Both organs evolved in humans at the same time.B Both organs send nerve impulses to the brain.C Both organs contain the same amount of fluid.D Both organs are located in me ear's middle region.2.Hearing involves all of the following EXCEPT______.A motion of the vocal cords so that they vibrateB stimulation of hair cells in fluid-filled channelsC amplification of sound vibrationsD conversion of wave energy into nerve impulses3.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the cochlea is a part of______.A the outer earB me eardrumC the middle earD the inner ear4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 about gravity?A Gravity has an essential role in the sense of balance.B The ear converts gravity into sound waves in the air.C Gravity is a force that originates in the human ear.D The organ for hearing is not subject to gravity.5.In this passage, the author mainly explains______.A the organs of the human earB the function of the hearingC the three regions of the earD how the ear organ performs the hearing and balanceThe geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds andis constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level. The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random butis a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere, continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimessoils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.6.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water______.A precipitating onto the groundB changing from a solid to a liquid stateC evaporating from the oceansD being carried by wind7.The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" is to______.A determine the size of molecules of waterB prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC move water from the Earth's surface to the oceansD regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers8.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?A The potential energy contained in water.B The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D The relative size of the water storage areas.9.All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT______.A magnesiumB ironC potassiumD calcium10.The word "efficiency" in line 21 is closest in meaning to______.A relationshipB growthC influenceD effectivenessScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such anunfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. " There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought mat several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US2. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says. Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US3, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.11.Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D The black hole could devour the star.12.According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of ______.A whether nuclear reaction would occurB whether the stars would increase its density and temperatureC whether shock waves would occurD whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars13.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.14.What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.15.According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means______.A confusionB tearing apartC interruptionD flatteningOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that " Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are making us lose friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer —who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all America is the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a moresignificant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.16.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably______.A stand stillB jump asideC step forwardD draw back17.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their______.A cultural self-centerednessB casual mannersC indifference towards foreign visitorsD arrogance towards other countries18.In countries other than their own most Americans______.A are isolated by the local peopleB are not well informed due to the language barrierC tend to get along well with the nativesD need interpreters in hotels and restaurants19.According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will______.A affect their image in the new eraB cut themselves off from the outside worldC limit their role in world affairsD weaken the position of the US dollar20.The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realizethat______.A it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD it is time to get acquainted with other culturesHistorians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in 18th-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the first of these hasbeen difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of 18th-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism(a preoccupation with or stress upon material rather than intellectual or spiritual things), but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.21.In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to ______.A contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in 18th-century EnglandB indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to 18th-century English historyC give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in 18th-century EnglandD support the contention that key questions about 18th-century consumerism remain to be answered22.Which of the following items, if preserved from 18th-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in lines 3-4, Paragraph 2?A A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods.B A diary that mentions luxury goods and services purchased by its author.C A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play.D A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery.23.According to the text, Thompson attributes to laboring people in 18th-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?A Enthusiasm.B Curiosity.C Ambivalence.D Hostility.24.In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with______.A contrasting two theses and offering a compromiseB questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternative to themC paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptionsD examining two theories and endorsing one over the other25.According to the text, 18th-century England and the contemporary world of the text readers are______.A dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classesB dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and servicesC dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be stimulant of industrial developmentD similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and servicesPity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates; until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC's response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10% ; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics — including Oxford University, the London Schoolof Economics and the London Business School. Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.26.By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, ______.A most of them died of some sicknessB their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD most of their grants run out27.Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students' theses within four years is lower than ______.A 25%B 40%C 39%D 10%28.All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC's policy EXCEPT______.A all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topicsC many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their diesesD some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance29.The ESRC would prefer______.A that me students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchersB to see higher standards of PhD students' theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD studentsD that PhD students were less modest in their aims30.What the ESRC can do is to______.A force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB try to persuade universities to change their waysC dictate me standard of diesis required by external examinersD note mat students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis2. English-Chinese Translation1.Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: "The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with me people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. "2.The impact of decentralization trends, of course, extends well beyond cities. Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround America's cities. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities: failing schools, persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form of overcrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.3. Chinese-English Translation1.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。
北京师范大学数学科学学院—考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南
复试人数
复试比例不超过 1:2.5
2014 年
679 人
32
注意：招生人数包含硕博连读生，研招办将在后期公布接收硕博连读生情况。招生专业目录中公
布的各院系招生名额为拟招生人数，仅供参考，录取阶段会根据生源情况、考试成绩等适当调整，可
能出现个别研究方向或导师没有招生名额的情况。
二、数学科学学院博士招生的考试内容
2015 北京师范大学考博 QQ 交流群 105619820
英语群 335488903
专业课群 157460416
北京师范大学数学科学学院
考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南
一、数学科学学院博士招生人数及名额分布：
北师内地招生总数 年份
（计划数）
2012 年
734 人
2013 年
665 人
数学科学学院 博士招生人数
外国语不低于 50 分，专业课 一不低于 60 分，专业课二不低于 60 分，总分不低于 190 分。
070101 基础数学
①1101 英 语②2212 泛函分 析 或 2213 实分析③3307 函数逼近论基 础
实践组（复试一组）：重点考 察考生实践经验及实践能力、实践 案例分析。考生进场后，自我陈述
教育出版社
专业综合一(常微分方程、概率论与数理统计各 75 分) 概率论与数理统计教程 魏宗舒 高等教育
出版社
专业综合二（古汉语、中国通史、数学史各 50 分） 古代汉语 郭锡良等 北京出版社
专业综合二（古汉语、中国通史、数学史各 50 分） 中国古代简史 张帆 北京大学出版社
专业综合二（古汉语、中国通史、数学史各 50 分） 数学史概论 李文林 高等教育出版社
掉一个最高分、去掉一个最低分、其余分数加总再除以 3”的方法得出。考生两个小组复试成绩相加
北京师范大学考博英语历年真题及详解专业课考试试题
A. Carving changed the texture and strength of the wood.
B. It took the canoe makers several months to build a canoe.
4.D 推理判断题。文章最后一句提到“With harpoons of yew wood, baited hooks of red cedar, and lines of twisted and braided bark fibers, they fished for cod, sturgeon, and halibut, and hunted whales, seals, and sea otters.”，由此可知，木材为海达人提供了重要的捕食工具，故D项正 确。A项过于绝对；B、C两项文中没有提及。
目 录
2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2014年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2013年北京师范大学考博英语真题（回忆版） 2012年北京师范大学考博英语真题（回忆版） 2008年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2007年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2005年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2004年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2003年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2002年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2001年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解
B. To shorten the work of carving wood from the inside.
C. To avoid having to paint the bottom of the canoe.
2015年北京师范大学生物学考研,复试真题,参考答案,考研参考书,复习方法,考研资料
北师考研详解与指导一、填空。
二、根据“孔子是我国古代一位伟大的思想家和大教育家。
”回答问题。
1.有几个词。
2.有哪些音变现象？3.哪些字的声母是舌尖前音？4.说明“子”“一”韵母的不同。
5.副词和形容词的区别。
三、四、直接成分分析，有歧义的做多种划分。
1.已经开了十年的车。
2.几个公司的退休职工。
五、分析错句。
1.她这么喜欢喝咖啡的一个人，现在连一口都不喝，真奇怪事。
2.我们听听一首歌再走。
3.屋里非常漆黑。
六、分析几个句子中加点字的词性。
1.......平日......2.这样的事3.......的。
七、几个句子，分析句式。
八、复句九、三个句子，和修辞有关。
根据给出的分析判断正误，对错误的判断进行改正。
3.书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。
（使用了借喻，借喻套用对偶）语言学（75分）十、有的学者认为普通话有6个元音音位，有的学者认为有10个元音音位，解释。
十一、“屋里摆着酒席”“屋里坐着客人”，选择分析方法分析。
十二、普通话说“我吃过榴莲”，闽南人或部分台湾人说“我有吃过榴莲”，现在很多人也喜欢用“有V过+宾语”这样的格式，分析原因。
十三、含有“事（~儿）”的一些句子，解释不同，分析原因。
十四、汉语说“yi ben shu”,英语说one book，汉语说“liang ben shu”，英语说“two books”,请分析区别。
专业二889第一部分一、什么是“古无轻唇”？10分二、为以下几个字按象形字、指事字、会意字、形声字、假借字归类，12个，每个0.5分。
竹、甘、刃、安、而、我、姓、急、、、、三、解释成语中加点的字，14个成语。
文过饰非、不刊之论、不即不离、避重就虚、四、给出“兼”“集”在《说文解字》中的意义，分析：造字理据的变化、词义的变化，解释原因。
五、名词解释：古今字、六书、使动用法六、给出十个句子，分析语言现象（是意动用法），然后归类。
例子多出现于《左传》《战国策》。
七、给出一些句子，解释句子中加点的字的词性、词义或语法意义。
北京师范大学生命科学学院—考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南
中国考博辅导首选学校
育明考博 2014 届学员成绩喜报
英语各类课程学员数 873 人 专业课各类课程学员 239 人
专业课教学测评中学员零差评
英语一对一全程 32 名学员全部过线 第七期考博英语集训营四个班 97 名学员 90 人过线
育明考博全国免费咨询电话 400-668-6978 QQ：493371626 QQ：2890064351
中国考博辅导首选学校
附录：育明考博课程设置（之一）——英语全程班
阶段课程
开课时间
课时
一、基础夯实
A 班：8月21日-25日 B 班：9月12日-17日
40课时授课+12课时练习
二、强化提升
A 班 ： 10 月 3 日 -7 日 B 班 ： 11 月 7 日 -11 日 C 班：12月12日-16日
咨询 QQ：493371626
第2页共8页
中国考博辅导首选学校
外国语不低于 50 分，专业课一不低于 60 分，专业课二不低于 60 分，总分不低于 190 分。
凡初试成绩达到基本分数线的教育博士考生，均具有复试资格。我校不再以其他方式通知，请各
位上线考生严格按照规定时间到校复试，未按时参加复试的考生视为自动放弃复试资格，同时失去录
予录取。
071010 生物化学与 ①1101 英语②2279 生物化学与分
分子生物学
子生物学③3781 高级细胞生物学
071300 生态学
①1101 英 语②2612 高级生 态 学 ③3823 植物学或 3828 生物统计
三、注意事项：
一、复试基本分数线：
育明考博咨询电话：400-668-6978
学年。
突出成果奖励主要奖励发表高水平科研成果、参加高水平学术活动并获得奖励，以及在其他全国
2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题解析
2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学的博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题笔记方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。
真题集A. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific community.C. does not relegate particulars to the role of data.D. introduces a new valid generalization.40. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of thepassage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, didnot transcend existing musical forms.B. In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generationof great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited byMonteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits issupported in the field of literature.Passage FiveCultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action, that we neverrecognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birdswere suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itselfwould be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it wouldnever occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and seafor granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact.Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that areunconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that theways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the wayspeople conducttheir affairs in other cultures.As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned withinthem. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or27. The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _________________ .A. commercially uselessB. just as anticipatedC. somewhat controversialD. quite unexpected28. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ________________ ?A. it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB. it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC. it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins29. What is a possible effect of olestra according to some critics?A. It may impair the digestive system.B. It may affect the overall fat intake.C. It may increase the risk of cancer.D. It may spoil the consumers’appetite.30. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B. People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C. The function of the intestines may be weakened.D. It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.才思教育自1995年开始开设北京地区高校考研辅导班，其中近90%考上北京知名高校攻读硕士研究生。
北京师范大学教育学原理考博参考书整理
北京师范大学教育学原理考博参考书整理各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的参考书，方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。
笔记：（一）我国关于教育本质问题的主要观点1．教育是上层建筑2．教育是生产力3．教育具有上层建筑和生产力的双重属性4．教育是一种综合性的社会实践活动5．教育是促进个体社会化的过程6．育是培养人的社会活动。
（二）关于教育起源的主要观点1．生物起源说（1）教育活动不仅存在于人类社会之中，而且存在于人类社会之外，甚至存在于动物界。
（2）人类社会教育的产生是一个生物学的过程，（3）教育的产生完全来自动物的本能，2．心理起源说原始教育形式和方法主要是日常生活中儿童对成人的无意识的模仿。
3．劳动起源说人类教育起源于其劳动或劳动过程中所产生的需要。
教育范畴是历史性与阶级性的同一。
（三）教育的发展1．古代教育的特征第一，教育水平低。
没有产生制度化的教育机构，教育只是在社会生活和生产（如狩猎）中进行的，教育内容非常贫乏，教育方法主要是口耳相传和实践中的模仿；第二，教育没有阶级性；第三，教育与原始宗教或成人仪式有着紧密的联系。
成人仪式具有较多较丰富的制度化因素，可能是后来制度化教育的起源之一。
形成了比较系统的教育体系．2．近代教育的特征教育的阶级性与等级性；教育与生产劳动相分离；教育目的一方面是培养统治阶级需要的人才，另一方面是对被统治阶级实施宗教、道德或政治教化，维护自己的统治；教育内容以军事知识、宗教知识与道德知识为主；教育方法体罚盛行，注重机械的练习和实践训练，也重视个体的道德反省或宗教忏悔；师生关系是对立的、不平等的；教育组织形式是以个别教学和个体修行为主；3．现代教育的特征现代教育的公共性：现代教育越来越成为社会的公共事业，是为全体人民服务，而不是仅为一小部分人服务的。
现代教育的民主化：教育的普及化；教育机会均等（准入、过程以及结果的平等）；教育的法制化。
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二、学校复试基本分数线（专业学位类）
专业学位类型
政治
外语
业务一 业务二 总分
或综合
应用统计(0252)
50
50
90
90
310
国际商务(0254)
55
55
90
90
320
2
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
90
90
340
[03]法学
50
50
90
90
335
[0401]教育学
50
50
180
315
[04] [047101]教育经济与管理
教育学 [0402]心理学
50
50
180
340
[0403]体育学
45
45
180
300
[05]文学
50
50
90
90
345
[06]历史学
50
50
180
320
[07]理学
48
48
80
育明教育考研咨询 QQ1559022430 咨询热线13370142852
北京师范大学生命科学学院2013年博士生招生专业目录
单位代码：10027
地址：生地楼123办公室
邮政编码：100875
联系部门：生命科学学院
电话：58809898
联系人：黄晨西
专业代码、名称及研究 招 生 导 招生
考试科目
方向
90
300
[08]工学
48
48
80
90
300
[09]农学
50
50
90
90
330
[10]医学
50
50
180
330
[12]管理学
50
50
90
90
335
[1301]艺术学理论 [13] [1303]戏剧与影视学
50
50
90
90
350
艺术学 [1302]音乐与舞蹈学 [1304]美术学
45
45
90
90
320
琦
03 种 子 植 物 刘 全Fra bibliotek分类学
儒
071002动物学
01 鸟 类 生 态 张 正
学
旺
02鸟类学
张雁 云
071003生理学
01 神 经 生 物 曾 少
学
举
02 神 经 胶 质 樊 小
瘤生物学
龙
071007遗传学
01 植 物 分 子 张 根
遗传与基因资源
发
③3021遗传学
收硕博连读生1 人
①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3823植物学 ①1101 英语 或 1103 日 语②2279生物 化学与分子生物学③3823植物学 ①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3823植物学
收硕博连读生2 ③3828生物统计或3829基因组学
名
①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3823植物学
①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3827动物学
①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3823植物学或3828生物统计
①1101 英 语 ②2614 生 物 信 息 学 林 魁 教 授 拟 接 收
师
人数
备注
023生命科学学院
47
1. 拟 接 收 本 科 直 博生5名。本直博 确定后，我们将公 布名单。 2.拟招 收 硕 博 连 读 生 15 名左右。 3.报考 时请与导师联 系。
040102 课 程 与 教 学论
01 生 物 学 教 刘 恩 ①1101英语②2021自然科学教学论 刘 恩 山 教 授 拟 接
03 分 子 真 菌 朱 旭
学
东
04 细 胞 凋 亡 王 晓 东
同上 同上 同上 同上 同上
人
肖雪媛教授拟接 收本直博生1人 窦非教授拟接收 硕博连读生1人
严世都教授拟接 收硕博连读生1 人
①1101 英 语 ②2279 生 物 化 学 与 分 子 生物学③3781高级细胞生物学
同上
周捷教授拟接收 硕博连读生1名
4
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
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开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
学论
山
071001植物学
01 数 量 生 态 张 金
学与生物多样性
屯
02 植 物 化 学 赵 长
及其活性
8
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开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
03 入 侵 生 态 成 新
学
跃
04 进 化 生 态 张 大
学
勇
05 植 物 生 态 娄 安
学
如
06 种 群 与 行 刘 定
同上 同上
桑建利教授拟接 收硕博连读生1
6
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
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开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
04 细 胞 骨 架 任 海
结构与功能
云
05 肿 瘤 发 生 肖雪
06 真 核 生 物 转 录 中 的 表 观 遗 传 学 陈良 s 机理研究
07 病 毒 感 染 朱冰 s
与免疫
08DNA 损伤反 董 梦 秋
应的机理
s
09 肺 癌 与 肝 杜立林
癌的癌变机理分析及 s*
其治疗手段探讨
071300生态学
01 景 观 生 态 葛 剑
学
平
02 动 物 生 理 牛 翠
生态学
娟
试
同上 同上 同上 同上 同上
的为北京生命科 学研究所导师，只 招收直博生和北 科所本专业硕博 连读生10名。
①1101 英 语 ②2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3823植物学或3828生物统计 ①1101 英 语 ②2279 生 物 化 学 与 分 子 生 物 学 或 2612 高 级 生 态 学 ③3827 动 物学
③3781高级细胞生物学
收本直博生1人
5
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
02 分 子 细 胞 梁前
遗传及功能基因研 进
究 071008 发 育 生 物
同上 ①1101 英 语 ②2000 免 试 ③3000 免 姓名后标注“S”
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
分子机制的研究
s
05 计 算 生 物 学、生物化学和结构生 黄牛 s 物学
除了每天的学习任务，我们在做一下阶段任务分析： 第一阶段复习：主攻词汇 即日---6 月 8 日： 词汇是很多学生恐惧的部分，但英语想考好必须首先过词汇关。考研英语词汇（必考词+基础 词+超纲词）包括了 5500 余个大纲词汇，严格按照考研英语最新大纲要求，将出现频率高的核 心词汇掌握，育明教育建议学生正常速度每天复习 100-150 个单词，开始复习时如果达不到这 样的速度，可由 50 个词开始，每天增加，直到正常速度。
2015 年考研英语全程复习规划
对于非英语专业的学生，考研英语是让人头痛的科目，英语复习的重心在打牢语法知识和记忆 词汇，同时建议精读英文篇章，需要整理重要的生词，固定搭配以及分析核心长难句。 现将各阶段的任务与时间安排如下：
首先先说一下每天必须完成的任务：3 个长难句 至少 2 篇英语阅读理解 词汇背诵
学
01 植 物 发 育 王 英
分子生物学
典
02 植 物 发 育 韩 生
信号转导
成
03 动 物 发 育 翟 永
与代谢调控
功
04 植 物 逆 境 裴 真
适应分子机理
明
071009 细 胞 生 物 学
01 程 序 性 细 张俊
胞死亡调控的分子机 杰
理
02 分 泌 细 胞 崔 宗
的信号转导
杰
03 细 胞 增 殖 桑 建
和转移的蛋白质组学 媛
研究
06 神 经 退 行 性 疾 病 病 理 及 药 物 筛 窦非 选
07 蛋 白 质 降 邱 小 解与细胞凋亡调控 波
08 神 经 退 行 严 世 性疾病与药物研究 都
071010 生 物 化 学 与分子生物学
01 生 物 制 药 魏群
及其功能
02 肿 瘤 发 育 中 信 号 传 导 及 天 然 抗 周捷 癌药物筛选
004 教育学部
040101 教育学原理
004 教育学部
040106 高等教育学
007 心理学院
040202 发展与教育心理学
010 文学院
040102 课程与教学论
同时，总分达到 290 分的少数民族考生具有录取资格。
总分 340 以上 总分 390 以上 总分 370 以上 总分 280 以上
报考学科门类