G6 summary-week2

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Jenny's Week(2)

Ⅴ. 完成句子1.丹尼把我介绍给了他的新朋友。Danny __________ me _______ his new friend.2.我有两个兄弟，一个是医生，另一个是老师。I have two brothers , ______ is a doctor , _____ ______ is a teacher .3.她邀请我下周日去看电影。She ________ me to ______ ___ _____ ______ next Sunday .4.我也买了一件裙子。I ______ ______ a dress.
diary
pleasure
winners
pronunciation
correct
Practice
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. After school this afternoon, we _________________ ________(play) basketball.2. My girlfriend invited me ______ (go) to the movie.3. ________ (walk) after supper is good for you.4. He ______ (lose) his history book yesterday.5. —How is the weather today? —It’s ______ (rain) and cool.
4. My mother bought a pair of jeans for me.buy sth. for sb.固定短语，意思是“给某人买东西”。也可以说成：buy sb. sth. eg：She often buys toys for her baby./She often buys her baby toys.她经常给孩子买玩具。

口译 week2 (2)

Skill Practice
Break Time
10 minutes
Interpreting Exercises
Role Play: 1. DI: 2 speakers, 2 interpreters 2. E-C CI: 2 speakers, 2 interpreters
Thank you!
Layers of Information
Week 2 (2)
Outline
01 What Is Gist? 02 Understand “Layers of Information” 03 Skill Practice 04 Interpreting Exercises
Definition
Gist Summary Key Information
Main Ideas
Why gist is so important?
1. Delete over-lengthy information, get the speaker’s intention 2. Save time in actual interpreting
Layers of Information
3 Although there are many thousands of small s and individual consultants serving very local markets1, larger agencies are forging partnerships across the glob2e to meet demand from clients that themselves are extending their global reach.

2024年-人教版PEP英语五年级上册Unit2Myweek单元达标测试卷

Unit 2 My week 单元达标测试卷(40分钟100分)开始计时: ________听力部分(30分)一、听录音，选出你所听到的单词。

(每小题1分，共5分)()1.A.feet B．feed C．beef()2.A.play B．park C．polite()3.A.wash B．watch C．weekend()4.A.Saturday B．Sunday C．study()5.A.Thursday B．Tuesday C．tired二、听句子，连线。

(每小题2分，共10分)1. A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5. E.三、听句子，判断下列句子与所听内容是否相符，相符的写“T”，不相符的写“F”。

(每小题1分，共5分)()1.I like this park very much.()2.I have maths, English and music on Thursdays.()3.Oh, I have a cooking class with your grandma!()4.You should play sports every day.()5.Chen Jie often watches TV on the weekend.四、听问句，选择正确的答语。

(每小题2分，共10分)()1.A.Yes, I am.B．Yes, she is.C．Yes, I do.()2.A.Oh, I love music.B．I have maths, English and music.C．I don't like music.()3.A.I have PE.B．I have a football class.C．I often play basketball.()4.A.I often do homework and watch TV.B．I have English and PE.C．He has English and PE.()5.A.No, I don't.B．No, she isn't.C．No，he isn't.笔试部分(70分)五、选出每组中不同类的一项。

人教版版五年级英语上册Unit2 知识点整理

人教版版五年级英语上册Unit2 知识点整理Unit 2: My Week Knowledge SummaryTopic: Inquiring and answering about daily les and weekend activities.Key Vocabulary: Monday。

Tuesday。

Wednesday。

Thursday。

Friday。

Saturday。

Sunday。

weekend。

every day。

Chinese。

English。

maths。

music。

PE。

computer class。

science。

art.Phrases: wash my clothes。

watch TV。

do homework。

read books。

play football。

play ping-pong。

play the pipa。

listen to music。

clean my room。

draw pictures。

play sports.Other Vocabulary: cooking。

often。

sometimes。

park。

tired。

le。

should。

in the morning/afternoon/evening.Sentence Structures:1.Inquiring about someone's daily le on a specific day:What do you have on + day of the week (Mondays。

Fridays。

etc.)?"I/We have + subject (Chinese。

English。

etc.)."Third person singular form: "What does he/she have on Mondays?"He/She has Chinese。

6Conclusion

6Conclusion6.1Monograph RevisitedClassical hybrid estimation schemes,such as the family of multiple-model estimation algorithms,do not scale up to the demanding estimation and diag-nosis problems that arise in automation systems for modern complex artifacts. This monograph presented a hybrid estimation framework that can remedy this situation.Our proposed framework provides a model-based toolkit for hy-brid modeling,on-line model analysis and estimator synthesis,and,of course, hybrid estimation itself.The core of our framework is a probabilistic,component-based,hybrid modeling paradigm that captures a complex artifact mathematically.The con-current probabilistic hybrid automaton model(cPHA),as we call it,compactly encodes the vast amount of possible behaviors,both discrete and continuous, of the physical system under investigation.In terms of hybrid estimation,we take ideas from theﬁeld of discrete Model-based Reasoning,a sub-ﬁeld of Artiﬁcial Intelligence,and reformulate estimation as a search problem.This enables us to utilize a combination of best-ﬁrst and beam search techniques that focus the estimation onto highly probably estimation hypotheses,without considering a prohibitively large number of unlikely hypotheses.This reformu-lation does not only tame the complex hybrid estimation problem,it also leads to an estimation algorithm that is particularly well suited for on-line execu-tion.The search operation provides the estimation hypotheses consecutively, starting with the most likely one.This corresponds to an any-time/any-space formulation and allows us to terminate the computation of an estimate when-ever we run short of computation time or memory space.The search-based estimation technique is not the only model-based reasoning tool that we adopt for hybrid systems.Discrete model-based diagnosis provides means for dealing with unmodeled situations,something traditional continuous and hybrid esti-mation techniques cannot do.This monograph provides a novel approach to incorporate the concept of unknown mode into our hybrid estimation scheme. This approach is based on an on-line model decomposition method that worksM.W. Hofbaur: Hybrid Estimation of Complex Systems, LNCIS 319, pp. 139–142, 2005.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 20051406Conclusionaround the unknown modes of individual components,by constructing a set of concurrent estimators for subsets of the system in which component modes have speciﬁed behaviors.The system analysis andﬁlter synthesis are done on-line during the course of hybrid estimation and utilizes eﬃcient algorithms for causal analysis,decomposition,and automatedﬁlter deduction.This formula-tion,together with the search based estimation algorithm provides the means for an overall hybrid estimation engine that is not only capable of dealing with complex systems on-line,it also automates many tasks that are normally done oﬀ-line by an experienced control engineer(for example,the Kalmanﬁlter de-sign).This is in spirit of a model-based programming paradigm.The design of a hybrid estimator for a particular physical system under investigation only requires one to specify the cPHA model of the system.Plugging this model into our hybrid estimation engine provides the capable estimator sought for. This provides a high level ofﬂexibility,since a modiﬁcation of the underly-ing physical artifact only requires an update of the hybrid model or model fragment.The estimation engine automatically deals with the necessary mod-iﬁcations of the underlyingﬁlters and captures the system-wide eﬀects of the modiﬁcation.Thisﬂexibility of the estimator,concerning changes in the system’s speciﬁcation and/or topology,opens new perspectives for advanced automation of complex systems.For example,it enables a supervisory control system to dynamically reconﬁgure the artifact under control in order to adapt to changing environmental conditions and faults.It can do so without having to consider the estimation/monitoring sub-system since the estimator adapts automatically to a changed conﬁguration as well.6.2Future WorkThe hybrid estimation paradigm,as described in this monograph,deals with some,but surely not all possible issues that arise in the context of hybrid estimation.Possible topics for further research could be:Modeling:Our modeling paradigm currently limits component models in the form of discrete time diﬀerence equations that operate all at the same sampling period T s.A desirable extension would be to allow systems to be composed of component models that operate with various sampling rates,or even continuously.cPHA speciﬁcation and veriﬁcation:The PHA/cPHA speciﬁcation as it is used in this work does not constrain the set of equations so that we can ensure that they are’well formed’and lead to a state space model of the form(3.18).It would be interesting to formulate additional constraints onto the automaton deﬁnitions,the compatibility speciﬁcation,and the automata composition operation so that we can verify:(1)the composition of PHAs into a cPHA does not cause any conﬂicts regarding the causality in the system,and(2)we obtain a state-space model of the desired form.6.2Future Work141 Focused search:Currently,we use a combination of standard A∗and beam search to solve the estimation task.One direction for future research is to utilize the continuous variant of conﬂicts,in order to further focus the un-derlying search operation.A conﬂict is a(partial)mode assignment that makes a hypothesis very unlikely.This requires a more general treatment of unknown modes compared to theﬁlter decomposition task introduced above.The decompositional model-based learning system Moriarty[103] introduced continuous variants of conﬂicts,called dissents.We are cur-rently reformulating these dissents for hybrid systems and investigating their incorporation into the underlying search operation.This will lead to an overall framework that uniﬁes our previous work on Livingstone and Titan,Moriarty and hybrid estimation.Filtering:We apply extended Kalmanﬁltering as the underlying continuous ﬁltering technique.This requires us to restrict the disturbances that act upon the system to additive,white Gaussian noise.This is overly re-strictive for many practical applications.However,our hybrid estimation algorithm per se is independent of the particular noise model,it would be interesting to extend our framework to otherﬁltering mechanisms,such as Particleﬁltering or unscented Kalmanﬁltering.This involves the ex-tension of the automatedﬁlter design algorithms to deal with a new class ofﬁlters,as well as adapting the probabilistic observation and transition functions accordingly.Compilation:Currently,our experimental implementation of the hybrid es-timation framework performs the systems analysis,decomposition,and ﬁlter deduction on-line.Some tasks however,could be done equally well at the compilation phase.For example,one could pre-specify the inputs and outputs of a PHA,whenever the set of equations and the intercon-nection to the outside world(input speciﬁcation of the cPHA)enforces unique causal relationships among the variables.Linked to this causality pre-compilation is the possibility to decompose the overall hybrid estima-tion task not only at theﬁltering level,but also on the main estimation level,e.g.separating the overall hybrid estimation task into several concur-rent estimation tasks of smaller complexity.Shifting some computational tasks into the system’s compilation phase can contribute to a faster on-line operation.Nevertheless,it can limit theﬂexibility in terms of allowing a dynamic reconﬁguration of the system and the capability to reason about system-wide interactions.As a consequence,one ought to carefully balance oﬀ-line compilation and on-line deduction.Implementation:We use an experimental implementation of the hybrid esti-mation engine that is written in Common LISP.It would be worthwhile to re-implement the system within an industrial real-time environment, so that it can operate in conjunction with a process monitoring and su-pervisory control system.Autonomous Automation:As indicated above,we see this work as one step towards a novel automation paradigm that robustly controls a complex1426Conclusionartifact within a changing or even ill-deﬁned operational environment.This involves dealing with un-anticipated situations and an overwhelm-ingly large number of possible control strategies.We expect that some of the tools that were developed for hybrid estimation will provide valuable starting points for the dual control problem.On the long run,this would lead to an overall automation system that can dynamically reconﬁgure itself in order to provide the artifacts functional goal.。

Week 1-2

Week 1-2Reflection:这两周，一年级逐步训练了课堂上的一些常规，如上下课和老师问候，分组说，男生女生说和开小火车说。

因为是连着第二年教一年级，所以在课时的分配上和半节课的把握上就明显比去年灵活了很多。

教学方面，因为是面对着零起点的学生，所以需要更多的耐心，尤其在常规教学用语的教授和训练中有一个循序渐进的磨合过程。

虽然每次上完半节课时的英语课都会觉得筋疲力尽，但每一天看到两个班级孩子共同的一点点的小进步，我也都感到特别的满足。

第一次接触三年级，无论在课时还是在教学的知识点上，三年级明显比二年级多了很多。

因为有了较为宽裕的课时，所以三年级一上来，我就加强了对一二年级四本书核心单词的默写。

这两周，也就是在不断地复习已有词汇和句型的基础上帮助学生们拉回往常的英语课的学习状态。

这两周七天的时间里完成了M1U1的教学和M1U2第一课时的教学，感觉词汇都是一二年级储备过的，只是三年级的侧重点不同而已。

一二年级侧重对单词的听说读，现在再次接触这些单词，重点则落实在拼默上面了。

然而，对于把英语作为第二语言来学习的孩子们，在没有系统的学习过自然拼读的前提下每次要拼默四组或以上的单词还是比较吃力的。

所以为了尽量减轻孩子们的学习负担，我在教授单词的时候尽量把单词中每个字母的发音规律教授给他们，也正好结合了每个Unit中Learn the sound的部分，帮助学生们做好了辨音的工作。

但是在三年级的句子教学环节上，我觉得还是有些枯燥的，就是两句我看起来很简单的句子，不知道该如何利用好一节课的时间既有效又不显枯燥地帮助学生们操练。

New goals:1.一年级在学习准备期的教学内容是以朗朗上口的儿歌为主，学生们学起儿歌是挺快的也挺喜欢的，可是把儿歌里的词句落实到一词一句地说出来时，学生们就明显存在语音语调的问题了。

所以还应该在学好儿歌的同时，在课上和课下加强和学生们的口头对话，及时纠正不规范的发音。

2.三年级在操练根据发音规则拼背单词的同时，我应该多跟师傅学学句子的教学，如何做到灵活得教学句子，达到既扎实又不枯燥的目标。

week 2-英语__各种运算表达

square (angular) brackets braces
intersection union is member of set is a subset of empty set therefore because
பைடு நூலகம்

{}或 ∴ ∵
Operator
x!
∑ ∏ factorial x the sum of the terms indicated; summation of; sigma the product of the terms indicated infinity
1/100 a (one) hundredth
1/1000 a (one) thousandth 1/1234 one over a thousand two hundred and thirty-four 3/4 4/5 113/300 three fourths 或 three quarters four fifths 或 four over five one hundred and thirteen over three hundred
(the increment of x) delta x (an increment of x considered as tending to zero) dee of x; dee x; differential x the differential coefficient of y with respect to x; the first derivative of y with
Χ
Wb T C N
Ohm
Weber Tesla Coulomb newton
℉
degree Fahrenheit Kelvin

grammar week 2

Grammar and Vocabulary Week 2 Focus:✧Vocabulary:Word formation exercises✧English Nouns✧Number: Plural vs. singular✧Gender: Masculine vs. feminine✧nominalization练习二、含数字前缀的术语1. 请说出下列与数字相关的英语前缀含义。

1)uni-2)mono-3)multi-4)poly-5)semi-6)hemi-7)di-8)bi-9)amphi-; ambi-10)tri-11)quadr(i)-12)tetra-13)penta-14)quin(qu)-15)hexa-16)sept(i)-17)oct(a)-18)deca-19)deci-20)hect(a)-21)cent-22)centi-23)kilo24)milli-25)mega-26)micro-27)nano-2．根据以上英语前缀，确定与下列汉语术语对应的英语词1)半导体，半球，多维系统，聚氯乙烯2)单轨铁路，单声道录音，单晶硅，一氧化碳3)二极管，二进制，两栖动物，双翼飞机4)三方会谈，三脚凳，三极管，三基色的5)四极管，四肢瘫痪，四头肌，四环素6)五角大楼，现代五项，六边形，六价7)七项全能，七价的，八进制，八极管，8)十进制，分贝，分米，十项全能9)厘米，百米，毫米，千米10)兆字节，兆赫，微米，纳米技术1)半导体semiconductor，半球hemisphere，多维系统multidimensional system，聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride / polyvinyl chloride / PVC2)单轨铁路monorail，单声道录音monophonic recording，单晶硅monocrystallinesilicon，一氧化碳carbon monoxide3)二极管diode，二进制binary system，两栖动物amphibians，双翼飞机biplane4)三方会谈Three-Party Talks / tripartite talks，三脚凳tripod /trestle，三极管triode，三基色的trichromatic5)四极管tetrode/ quadrode，四肢瘫痪quadriplegia/ tetraplegia，四头肌quadriceps，四环素tetracycline6)五角大楼the Pentagon，现代五项modern pentathlon，六边形hexagon / sexangle，六价sexavalence/ sexavalencey / sexavalent7)七项全能heptathlon，七价的heptavalent，八进制octonary/ octal number system，八极管octode，8)十进制decimal system，分贝decibel，分米decimetre，十项全能decathlon9)厘米centimetre，百米hectometre，毫米millimetre，千米kilometre10)兆字节megabyte(MB)，兆赫megahertz，微米micrometer，纳米技术nanotechnology (NT)3. 根据以上英语数字前缀，给出下列词语的汉译1)hemicrystalline, semiaquatic crocodiles, polycrystalline silicon, multiple cutting edgetool2)monomolecular reactions, monochromatic, unidirectional, unicellular organisms,3)bicentennial, bifocal glasses, dioxin, an ambidextrous handgun4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene, the Triassic5)tetraoxide, tetratomic, quadruvalent, quadruple transistor6)pentahydrade, quniquemolecular reaction, hexatomic, sextet7)septet, heptode, octangular, octonary signaling8)decameter wave, duodecimal, deciliter, decimeter9)centipede, bicentennial quincentenary, millennium bug, millimeter10)megavolt, megacycle, microwave, nanocircuit1)hemicrystalline半结晶的，半晶质的, semiaquatic crocodiles半水生的鳄鱼,polycrystalline silicon多晶硅, multiple cutting edge tool多刃刀具2)monomolecular reactions单分子反应, monochromatic单色的, unidirectional单向的, unicellular organisms单细胞生物（体）,3)bicentennial两百周年（的）, bifocal glasses双光眼镜；双重焦点透镜, dioxin二恶英, an ambidextrous handgun可任意用左手或右手射击的手枪4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene三氯乙烯, the Triassic三叠纪5)tetroxide四氧化物, tetratomic四原子的, quadrivalent四价的, quadruple transistor6)pentahydrate五水化物, quniquemolecular reaction五分子反应, hexatomic六原子的, sextet六个一组；六重奏（乐团）；7)septet七人组；七重奏, heptode七极管, octangular八边形的；八角的, octonarysignaling八进制信号发送；八进制通信8)decameter wave十米波, duodecimal十二进制的, deciliter分升, decimeter分米9)centipede蜈蚣；百足虫, bicentennial，quincentenary第五百周年, millennium bug千年虫, millimetre毫米10)megavolt兆伏, megacycle兆周=megahertz, microwave微波, nanocircuit 纳米（集成）电路,毫微（集成）电路,超小型集成电路◆将下列句子中有下划线的词语译成汉语1)Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictesteconomies, among which the rates paid to labour figure prominently. The price which society pays for the law, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great.2)Even strong defenses sometimes falter; when they do, it's time for incident response.3)Automatic controls inside the transmission supply the proper ratio for the drivingcondition.4)We use high-frequency (HF) or short-wave radio to communicate over long distancesbecause it is convenient, although distorted at times.5)Equipment manufacturers are also developing radios that automatically compensate forchanges in the ionosphere and for interference from other users.6)No war has ever started with such a victory for one side at the very beginning of thehostilities.7)Reversing thousands of years of official hostility to the world outside the Great Wall,Deng said simply:” Isolation landed Chi na in poverty, backwardness and ignorance.”8)Unlike satellite communications, or SATCOMS, standard HF transmitters and receiverscan be cheap, light and compact, and require little power to operate.9)The E Region, at around 110 kilometers, is more helpful during the day. It may be ableto reflect HF transmissions.10)Automotive transmissions can either be manual or automatic.◆Put the following bracketed words in their proper forms.1)His family ____(be) all music lovers.2)The entire community ____(be) behind the project.3)The faculty ____ (be) each qualified, experienced, and dedicated design educators whobring enthusiasm, knowledge, and conviction to the program.4)England ______ (be) the _____(winner) of the World Cup in 1966.5)The Philippines ______ (be) under fire for ____ (its, their) failure to handle the hostageissue properly.6)He asked the waiter three ____ (beer) and two ____ (tea).7)France is a producer of many famous _____ (wine).8)The children were playing on the __________ (sand).9)She bought two electric ________ (iron), one for her cousin, and one for herself.10)Margaret Thatcher was knighted and granted the title of ____ (baron).11)Major ______ (democracy) in the world welcomed his statement.12)The Netherlands and Belgium are both small _____ (power) in Europe.13)He’s been living in ___ (a; --) foreign culture long enough.14)He did me ____ (a; --) great kindness in explaining everything to me.15)The new ambassador presented his _______ (credential) to the president yesterday.16)The school __________ (authority) will take charge of it.17) A manager has ______ (an; --) (authority) over his staff.18)The students are making _____ (preparation) for the coming festival.19)The roses are in _______(flower).20)The tree was covered with _____(blossom).◆名词化（Nominalization）I. Rewrite the following nominalised phrases in plain English.EX: The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.✧The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of thepatientThe doctor arrived very quickly and examined the patient very carefully.✧His (the patient’s) very speedy recoveryT he patient recovered very speedily.1.The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreementreached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.2.The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of moviesand television may have speeded up and augme nted SF’s social feedback effect.3.The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.4.Proper use of antibiotics will lower the severity of asthma caused by sinusitis.5.The addition of alloying elements is made principally to improve mechanical properties,such as tensile strength, hardness, rigidity and machinability, and sometimes to improve fluidity and other casting properties.6. A closer examination of the U.S. experience over the last few decades does not reveal anatural evolution of telecommunications substituting for travel.II. Put the following into Chinese7.He is a good eater and a good sleeper.8.He is a young and rapid writer.9.I used to be a bit of a fancier myself.to fancy: to indulge in wild imaginations过去我也常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。

My Week(2)

单元小结
• 单词
Monday /'mʌndeɪ/ 星期一 Tuesday /'tjuːzdeɪ/星期二 Wednesday /'wenzdeɪ/ 星期三 Thursday /'θɜːzdeɪ/ 星期四 Friday /'fraɪdeɪ/ 星期五 Saturday /'sætədeɪ/ 星期六 Sunday /'sʌndeɪ/ 星期日
单元小结
• 单词
weekend /'wi:k'end/ 周末 wash /wɒʃ/ 洗 wash my clothes 洗我的衣服 watch /wɒtʃ/ 看 watch TV 看电视 do /də; duː/ 做；干 do homework 做作业 read /riːd/ 看；读 read books 看书
单元小结
• 单词
should /ʃəd; ʃʊd/ (常用于纠正别人）应该，应当 every /'evri/ 每一个，每个 day /deɪ/ —天；一日 schedule /'ʃedjuːl/ 工作计划；日程安排
单元小结
句型 Here is my schedule. 这是我的日程表。 What do you have on Monday? 你周一有什么课？ I have English and music. 我有英语课和音乐课。
单元小结
句型 What do you often do on the weekend? 你周末经常做什么？ I read books on the weekend. 我周末经常读书。 Do you often wash your clothes on the weekend? 你经常在周末洗衣服吗？ Yes, I do. 是的，我是。 No, I don’t. 不，我不是。

week 2 答案及原文

Answer:Part 11 Joan is an academic counselor at Manchester University.2 She is talking to a presenter and callers for a radio program.3 It is important, because their choices of subject are likely to have an impact on their future careers.4 He wants to work in IT.5 Not at all. (In Britain each university has a different mixture of courses; some courses can only be found in a few universities.)Part 21 strengths; weaknesses; personality; like; subjects; organized; confident; outgoing; a team; working alone2 future careers; into a particular area of work; chosen field; related industries; leading3 vocational; graduates; high-flyers; career; practical; transferable; recruitmentScriptTony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor atManchester University. She gives advice to schoolstudents on choosing the right subject to study atuniversity. Joan, welcome to the show.Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentiallylife-changing decision, isn’t it?Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas.Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to thefuture.Tony: When you say “know yourself” what do you mean?Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traitsand the things you like.Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, whatsubjects are you good at? Are you an organizedand self-disciplined person? Are you confident andoutgoing? Do you like working with others in ateam or do you prefer working alone? These kindsof questions will help you discover more aboutyourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future?Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to havea significant impact on your future career so it’simportant to look into this carefully. I recommendyou check not only which academic subjects willhelp you get into a particular area of work, but alsolook carefully at what universities offer. Eachuniversity has its strengths so try to choose onethat is the best in your chosen field. Find out whatlinks the department has to related industries andleading companies in it.Tony: Good point. Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on the line.Hi, James! How can we help?James: Hi. I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to ahighly respected university, like Oxford, or tostudy somewhere that has more of a vocationalfocus?Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how yousee your future. Basically a handful of the brightestgraduates are picked from the top universitiesaround the world to join the leading IT companies.So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is theroute that might be for you. But if you are lookingfor a more mainstream career then you shouldconsider a course that helps you acquire practical,transferable skills that you can use in theworkplace…and look at which universities havethe best levels of graduate recruitment for the kindof job you are aiming for.James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out…Conversation 2Answer1 F2 T3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T8 FScriptSharon: Hey, Karen, is that you?Karen: Sharon, w ow! I can’t believe it! Yes, it's me. Gosh, it’s good to see you!Sharon: You, too! What’s it been? Something like 20 years?!?Karen: Yeah, I can’t believe we’re that old already.Sharon: Life sure has treated well. You look great!Karen: Thanks yo u do too! What’ve you been doing all this time? I remember you couldn’t wait to marry Jim and start a family.Sharon: Hah! I never did get married. I was too busy with school and then my job. I don’t even know what happened to Jim.Karen: So what do you do?Sharon: I have my own advertising agency.Karen: Come on, Sharon! You?Sharon: Really. I majored in marketing in college and afterwards got a job with an advertising agency. Iworked my way up, and when I felt I understood the business really well, I left to start my own agency.Karen: Wow, that’s pretty impressive. No wonder you haven’t had any time to get married.Sharon: Yeah. So, anyway, what about you? You were the one who was going to travel the world and do your own thing. You didn’t want to get stuck being a housewife.Karen: Hah! You’re gonna laugh, but I AM a housewife, and a mother of three.Sharon: Oh, come on, Karen, you’re not serious, are you? What happened to the travel?Karen: Well, I did travel around Europe for a year with some friends. But then I met Stan, and we got married right away. I helped put him through medical school, and then we had our children. I love being able to focus on my family, and when they leave home, I'm going to start my career—if it's not too late!Sharon: It's never too late.Passage 1Answers11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. BScriptThere was a man who was determined to become a public servant. He ran for legislature but lost. He ran for Congress and also lost. He ran for the Senate twice and lost both times. After all these failures, he even tried for a political appointment as a state land officer, something like a Justice of the peace, and he was flatly rejected. Yet this guy held to his vision of public service, and in 1860 he was elected President of the United States. The man, of course, was Abraham Lincoln.Look at this guy. At 40, he tried to establish two car companies. Both went bankrupt, and he was flat broke. Yet the automobile was his bliss. By 50, he was the world’s leading automaker, and was well on his way to becoming the first billionaire. That man was Henry Ford.Consider the baseball player who held the record for many years as having struck out more than any ball player in history. In his career, he struck out 1330 times. Yet what we remember about Babe Ruth is not the 1330times he failed, but the 714 times he hit a home run.11. What career did Abraham Lincoln want to choose?12. How many times did Lincoln run for the Senate?13. When was Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States?14. Who was Henry Ford?15. What do we learn about Babe Ruth from the speaker?Passage 2Answers26 B 27 D 28 AScriptMen sometimes say: “We are better and cleverer thanwomen. Women never invent things. We do.” It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things: the alphabet, machines, rockets and guns, too. But scientists and archeologists now agree that women invented one very important thing. It has changed history. They invented agriculture. Before the invention of agriculture men were hunters. They went out every day. Sometimes they killed animals. Sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Women had to go out every day, too. They collected roots, fruits and grasses. Then, one day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her home in the Middle East. They grew —and the first wheat was born. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. Then they could stay at home and look after the children and the animals. Women like baby animals. Archeologists think that women kept the first domestic animals: dogs, cows, sheep and goats. That idea grew, too. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meal. They stayed at home. They built villages and cities. Civilization began.Men began civilization after women invented agriculture.26. What is the passage mainly about?27. What was the woman’s invention?28. What did the men and women do before the invention of agriculture?Passage 3AnswersIf America had an official snack food, it certainly might be M&M's. Approximately 11)fifty billion are produced annually, most of them consumed right here in the U.S. 12)On average, each of us eats about twenty thousand of them in a lifetime. some of us, of course, will eat a lot more than that.M&M's were the brainchild of Forrest Mars and Bruce Murries, who began selling them in 1941 13)as an alternative to chocolate bars that would get sticky in the summer heat. Protected by a hard, sugary shell, M&M's milk chocolate melts "in your mouth … not in your hand," 14)as the slogan goes.M&M's have many interpersonal uses. They are great atparties and don't 15)interfere much with conversation. A wise, socially active young man will slip a package of M&M's into his jacket pocket before going out on a date. They 16)take the unease out of long waits in ticket lines and seating delays at restaurants. Managers keep jars of M&M's on their desks waiting to disarm any angry employee or executive who might suddenly 17)burst into their office.Although they originally came only in chocolate brown, colors were added to M&M's during the 1960's. 18)To this day brown remains the most common color, but of course we may also choose from red, yellow, green, and the rarely encountered orange. Recently the M&M/Mars company 19)created a stir by introducing a new color: blue. Newspapers nationwide reported on the decision to add blue to the mix. This may seem 20)unimportant as a news story, but consider: More people are likely to be eating blue M&M's than will ever vote in a presidential election.Passage 4Answers1. in your imagination; think into the future; possibilities;a positive way;the starting point2. expect to win; fulfill the vision3. opportunity; recognize; grab; a risk taker4. do something else; prosper; a joyful experience; job requirements5. other people; the support; friends; achievement; watch; apply6. Everyone can succeed; to discover and develop; hard workScriptNo one sets out in life to fail. The reality is that many do. Why do some prosper while others struggle just to exist? There is no simple answer to that question but here are a few thoughts that might shed some light onto this very complex issue.1. The future is in your imaginationHumans are blessed with the ability to think into thefuture. We can use our imagination to see possibilities. Use this unique gift in a positive way. Build a vision of what you want to be, have or do. It is the starting point of all successful activities.2. To win, you must expect to winOnce we imagine our future, we must wrap that vision with a belief system that encourages us to fulfill the vision.3. We are surrounded by opportunityAs we move through time, opportunities are abound. All we have to do is recognize them and reach out to grab them. Capturing opportunity demands risk. Are youa risk taker?4. Like what you do or do something elseLow achievers usually don't like to work or don't like the work they are doing. Those who don't want to work will never prosper. For those who work, it is critically important that their work be a joyful experience. Match your skills to your job requirements. The closer the match, the more enjoyable the experience.5. Your success depends on other peopleNo man is an island. We must interact with andreceive the support of others. Build a network of friends. Get to know people of achievement. Listen to their words, watch their actions and apply what works for you.6. Everyone can succeedWe are all born with enough abilities to experience success. Our task is to discover and develop those abilities. Nothing comes easily. Success demands hard work. Are you willing to work that hard?。

G6-e与G6标准、专业功能明细对比

总账
报表固定资产预算控制工资
标准版
总账、财务报表、工资、固定资产、财务分析预置17个会计制度
行政、普通事业、科学事业、建设单位、国家物资储备、中小学校、高校、社会保险 - 医疗、社会保险-失业、社会保险 -养老、社会保险 - 其他、民间非盈利组织、村集体经济组织、工会、新高校、基层医疗卫生机构、医能模块数量
功能点
G6加强版
总账、报表、工资、固定资产、财务分析、出纳、数据查询系统（跨账套）、GAI、应收、应付、库预置21个会计制度，融合标准版、专业版后，增加：事业单位会计制度2013年、监狱财务制度、新型农村合作医疗基金、农村社会养老保险基金制度是是是是 12个：部门、应收单位、应付单位、个人、项目+7 个自定义辅助项是是是是是是是是是是是是是是是是
G6专业版
总账、报表、工资、固定资产、财务分析、出纳、数据查询系统（跨账套）、GAI 预置9个会计制度普通事业、行政、高校、医院、村集体经济、民间非营利、工会、基层医疗、医院（2011）是 5个：部门、应收单位、应付单位、个人、项目 -
行业预置对比系统预置多行业登陆界面，一键即替换可以自定义科目大类、会计科目产品名称自定义提供预警功能支持辅助项的数量凭证打印内容设置凭证可显示辅助项编码科目期初支持按照往来单位录入累计发生期末结转取消表体科目必须为表头科目下级的限制增加费用明细表增加插入凭证功能总账提供按照部门+项目控制进行预算控制应收单位档案、应付单位档案、部门、职员档案、存货档案增加助记码凭证保存借贷不平时增加差额提示总账增加超出预算是否保存的选项预置新报表报表增加模板分类，方便查找固定资产支持标签打印固定资产支持多资金来源核算支持部门+项目的预算控制方式工资变动表增加合计行

Writing- Week 2

Email Formality Generally, an email is less formal than a letter.
- However, when writing to people outside of your company, for example customers, competitors and other businesses, it is a good idea to still use polite, semi-formal language.
Week 2: Writing a Business Email
Why send an email?
Why send an email?
- Quicker to write, send and reply to than letters
Why send an email?
- Quicker to write, send and reply to than letters - Saves paper
Why send an email?
- Quicker to write, send and reply to than letters - Saves paper - More informal/chatty than a letter
Why send an email?
- Quicker to write, send and reply to than letters - Saves paper - More informal/chatty than a letter - Easier to store/save and then search through at a later date

reading-week 2

Task 4Directions:The following is a list of terms about hotel and its services. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…等同) those given in Chinese in the tablebelow. Then you should mark the corresponding letters with a single line through thecenter in order of the numbered blanks, 53 through 57, on the Answer Sheet.A-----------------------------------Apartment HotelB-----------------------------------Apartment-Style UnitsC-----------------------------------Cooking FacilitiesD-----------------------------------Available RoomsE-----------------------------------Number of RoomsF----------------------------------- Average Daily RateG----------------------------------- Bed & Breakfast (B&B)H-----------------------------------Central Reservation SystemI------------------------------------Check-Out TimeJ------------------------------------Room RateK-----------------------------------Restaurants & BarsL-----------------------------------Frequent TravelerM----------------------------------Front OfficeN-----------------------------------Guest RoomsO-----------------------------------Guest AccountP------------------------------------Service FacilitiesQ------------------------------------Food & Beverage ServicesTask 5Directions:The following is a short introduction to Housing New Zealand. After reading it, you are required to complete the answers that follow the questions (No. 58 to No. 62). Youshould write your answers (in no more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheetcorrespondingly.When thinking about renting or buying a house, it’s hard to know where to start. Housing New Zealand is here to help you.If you would like to apply for social housing, your first step is to talk to the Ministry of Social Development (社会发展部) about your housing needs. They’ll discuss your situation with you, and look at the best way to help.Then, if you are eligible (有资格的) for social housing, they’ll arrange an interview for you.To get started, call Work and Income on 0800 559 009, or Senior Services on 0800 552 002 ifyou’re over 65.We’ve also got a whole section on our webpage buying your home—take a look, you may already meet the requirements for one or more of our home ownership products, or find it is almost within your reach.58.What service does Housing New Zealand offer?It helps people to rent or buy ________________________________.59.How can the Ministry of Social Development find the best way to help you?By discussing __________________ with you.60.What will the Ministry of Social Development find the best way to help you?They will arrange __________________ for you.61.What should people over 65 do when applying for social housing?The first step is to call Work and Income, or ________________ on 0800 552 002.62.Where can you find the requirements for home ownership products?By looking at the webpage _________________.Part IV Translation—English into Chinese (25 minutes) Directions: This part, numbered 63 to 67, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.Each of the four sentences (No. 63 to No. 66) is followed by three choices of suggestedtranslation marked A), B) and C). Make the best choice and write the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. And then write yourtranslation of the paragraph (No. 67) in the corresponding space on theTranslation/Composition Sheet.63. You will tip about 10% in a British restaurant if the bill doesn’t include a service charge.A) 英国餐馆通常收服务费，有时另外还要你再付10%左右的小费。

几何g6操作手册

几何g6操作手册
摘要：
1.几何g6 操作手册概述
2.手册的主要内容
3.手册的使用方法
4.注意事项
正文：
几何g6 操作手册概述
几何g6 操作手册是一本详细的指南，旨在帮助用户更好地理解和使用几何g6 这款软件。

几何g6 是一款专业的数学软件，主要用于解决各种数学问题，如几何、代数、微积分等。

手册的主要内容
几何g6 操作手册主要包括以下几个部分：
1.软件安装与卸载：详细介绍了如何安装和卸载几何g6 软件。

2.界面与功能介绍：对几何g6 的界面布局和主要功能进行了详细的介绍，包括菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏等。

3.基本操作：介绍了如何创建、编辑、保存、导入、导出等基本操作。

4.函数与公式：介绍了如何输入和编辑各种数学函数和公式。

5.图形与数据：介绍了如何创建、编辑、保存图形，以及如何处理图形数据。

6.高级功能：介绍了一些高级功能，如编程、建模等。

手册的使用方法
要充分利用几何g6 操作手册，用户需要按照以下步骤进行：
1.首先，阅读手册的概述部分，了解手册的主要内容和结构。

2.然后，根据自己的需要，选择相应的章节进行阅读。

3.在阅读过程中，可以结合实际操作进行理解。

4.如果遇到问题，可以先在手册中查找答案，如果找不到，可以咨询专业人士或者联系软件的技术支持。

注意事项
在使用几何g6 操作手册时，用户需要注意以下几点：
1.手册中的信息可能会随着软件版本的更新而发生变化，请确保使用的手册与软件版本匹配。

2.在操作过程中，请按照手册的指示进行，避免误操作。

SUMMARY写法2(英文)

SUMMARY写法3To write your summary, first scan the document you are summarizing to get an overall impression.Then read it carefully, highlighting or underlining the most significant information.You will want to especially pay close attention to the first and last sentence of each paragraph. Usually the first sentence is the topic sentence and the last a summary of the paragraph so they will have the most important ideas.The First Sentence:An easy way to begin writing a summary is to refer to the author and what they have written about.A general format for the first sentence is as follows:First Sentence ExamplesIn his/her/the article {“Article name,”} {Author’s name} + {primary verb} + {main idea}.Example: In his article “Children and Video Games,” Steve Peterson strongly recommends that parents should not allow their children to play video games.⏹There are a number of primary verbs that can be used in a summary.Some of the most common are listed here.1. Claims2. Recommends3. Argues4. Reports5. Shows6. Insists7. Explains 8. Describes 9. SuggestsNote: Many of these verbs will often be followed by the word “that”. Other First Sentence Examples⏹In the article “Men are different than women”, the authordescribes 10 important differences between men and women.⏹In this article, the author explains how the Chineseeconomy has developed so quickly in the last ten years.The Rest of the SummaryThe first sentence should be followed by the main ideas and supporting ideas in the same order that they appear in the text. Remember that all sentences should be stated in YOUR OWN WORDS. If you absolutely must use a sentence or phrase from the original text, make sure that it is put within quotation marks (" "). Also remember that you are just restating what is expressed in the text; you should NOT be adding any of your own opinions.Longer Summaries⏹Most summaries will be quite short. But if you arewriting a longer summary you can add some phrases like the ones below.⏹The author goes on to say that ...⏹The article (author) further states that ...⏹(Author’s last name) also believes that…⏹(Author’s last name) concludes that…⏹No matter what format you choose to use, stating the mainpurpose of the article in the first couple of sentences is very important if you want to write a successful summary.⏹After you have written this you can try to write a summaryof each paragraph. If the article you are summarizing is written well this should be easy to do. It will be harder if the paragraph does not have a good topic sentence.⏹Now we are going to take some time to practice writinganother summary in class. Please use this time well as it will be helpful in preparing you for the final examination. This article is an article that was used in the past for the doctorate students examination.Writing a SummaryThe goal of this exercise is to be able to write a summary of the following article using around 130 words.Of all the games held throughout Greece, those staged at Olympia in honor of Zeus are the most famous. The Games, like all Greek games, were an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Held every four years between August 6 and September 19, they occupied such an important place in Greek life that time was measured by the interval between them --- an Olympiad. Although the first Olympic champion listed in the records was one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, who won the sprint race in 776 BC, it is generally accepted that the Games were probably at least 500 years old at that time. According to one legend they were founded by Heracles, son of Alcmene.The Games were held at Olympia in the city-state of Elis, on a track about 32 metres (35 yards) wide. The racing length was one stade, a distance of about 192 metres (210 yards) which was one length of the track. At the meeting in 776 BC, there was apparently only one event, the stade, but other events were added over the ensuing decades. In 724BC a two-length race, diaulos, roughly similar to the 400-metre race, was included and four years later the dolichos, a long-distance race possibly to be compared to the modern 1500-or even 5000-metre event, was added. Wrestling and the pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The latter was an all-around competition consisting of five events --- the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling.Boxing was introducing in 688 BC, and in 680 a chariot race. In 648 the pancratium, a kind of all-strength, or no-holds-barred, wrestling was included. Kicking and hitting were allowed; only biting and gouging (thrusting a finger or thumb into an opponent's eye) were forbidden. Between 632 and 616 BC events for boys were introduced. And from time to time further events were added including contests for fully armed soldiers, for heralds, and for trumpeters. The program must have been as varied as that of the modem Olympics, although the athletics (track and field) events were limited: there was no high jumping in any form and no individual field event, except in the pentathlon.Until the 77th Olympiad (472 BC) all of the contests took place on one day; later they were spread, with, perhaps, some fluctuation, over four days, with a fifth devoted to the closing ceremony presentation of prizes and a banquet for the champions. Sources generally agree that women were not allowed as competitors or, except for the priestess of Demeter, as spectators. In most events, the athletes participated in the nude.The Olympic Games were originally restricted to free-born Greeks. The competitors, including those who came from the Greek colonies, were amateur in the sense that the only prize was a wreath or garland. The athletes underwent a most rigorous period of supervised training, however, and eventually the contestants were true professionals. Not only were there substantial prizes for winning, but the Olympic champion also received adulation and unlimited benefits from his city. Athletes became fulltime specialists --- a trend that in the modem games has caused a long and bitter controversy over amateurism.The following article is one you can use to practice writing a summary during the next week. Next week you can bring this to class and have me look at it if you choose. This is not a homework assignment but is just an opportunity for you to continue to prepare for the examination.Love LanguagesDo you know what “love languages” are? Love languages are different ways that people show their love to others. We all want to have relationships where we can show our love to others and have them communicate love to us in return. In order to be successful in communicating love, we need to understand what the different love languages are. There are five important love languages that people need to know about to communicate effectively with others.The first love language is Quality Time which refers to spending time together with the person you are trying to show your love to. This love language will cause people to feel loved when they are taken out on special dates, when their friend changes their schedule to be with them, or when they turn the television off to talk with them. It means giving all of your attention to another person.Another love language is Words of Affirmation as a way to show your love. Telling your boyfriend or girlfriend how you appreciate them, encouraging them, and through words praising them will show people that you love them. Telling someone “Í believe in you” can really make someone feel loved. With this love language you can express yourself through both spoken and written words.Gifts is another type of love language. Gifts are not just material objects, they are expressions of your love. The most important aspect is not the cost, but the fact that you were thinking of them and spent the time to go and buy them a gift. Big or little, your gift will be a symbol of your love for the other person.Fourth is the love language called Acts of Service which means you express your love by helping someone else. You could offer to go to the store to buy some things that they need when they are busy. You could help them with a difficult assignment or help them fix their bicycle when it is broken. The most important part of this love language is taking the time to do things for them that require thought, energy and time. Don’t wait to only do what they ask you to, but volunteer to show your kindness.The last love language is Physical Touch. A simple touch on the arm, hug or backrub will convey your love to them. Sit beside them when you have the chance and hold their hand when you are walking down the street. With this love language, just being near them and showing your care through touch will make them feel very loved.Just knowing about these love languages is not enough as the way in which people feel loved by others is different. It is important to know which love language is strongest for the person you are trying to love. Sometimes if you serve them they will feel more loved than if you give them a gift. Or perhaps holding their hand will not be as meaningful to them as if you had spent two hours together. I recommend that you find out what the love language is of the person you are trying to love. Don’t forget that there is more than just one love language. As you learn how to give and receive love, you will find that your relationships with others will be richer and more satisfying.Summary Example:In this article, the author explains the history of some of the earliest recorded Olympic Games held in Greece. It is generally accepted that these Games started around 1276 BC although the first champion was recorded in 776 BC. In the first Games there was only one event, however as time went on different events were added. Longer distance running races were first added and then other events like wrestling and the pentathlon. They even added events specifically for boys and armed soldiers. Originally the games were played on one day but this changed to five days. Another aspect of the Games was that women were not allowed as competitors or spectators. The competitors were also restricted to Greeks who were not professionals. However a trend started where athletes became full-time specialists which has caused a lot of controversy.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

八年级英语时文阅读~Week 2--兴趣爱好~有答案

WEEK 2 兴趣爱好（2）ClozeADear Tony,Glad to hear from you!I am very excited now because I have the same 1 as you! I like playing volleyball, too. I think it's fun to play volleyball. And it is fun to 2 volleyball match on TV.I went to my first volleyball game with my uncle 3 I was nine years old. It was really interesting and wonderful. I was happy to be with my 4 . He taught me carefully and he made me love the game. Later, my parents knew that I loved volleyball, and they gave me a nice 5 as my birthday gift on my ninth birthday. At the age of 13, I 6 the school volleyball team with my best friend, Jack. From then on, I began to learn more about volleyball. I practiced a lot and learned 7 to play better.My favorite 8 is Kerri Lee Walsh Jennings. She was born on August 15, 1978 and is an American professional(职业的) beach volleyball player. Walsh Jennings and his teammate(队友) were the gold medalists in beach volleyball at the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Summer Olympics. They are 9 "the greatest beach volleyball team of all time".Our school will 10 a volleyball match on May Day. I hope you can come and join us.Yours,Mark1. A. hobby B. age C. problem D. dream2. A. see B. watch C. read D. play3. A. but B. when C. while D. because4. A. volleyball B. uncle C. parent D. friend5. A. it B. that C. this D. one6. A. played B. made C. joined D. got7. A. what B. how C. why D. where8. A. teacher B. singer C. player D. writer9. A. called B. made C. worked D. played10. A. make B. do C. take D. hadBWith many beautiful hanging baskets of flowers in the garden, Joe Robinson's garden is the envy(羡慕) of his neighbors.Joe Robinson's efforts got compliments(赞美) from friends and strangers. But to our surprise, Joe will never see the fruits of his labors—Joe lost his sight 22 years ago. And now Joe Robinson is 76 years old.Joe Robinson creates his pride and joy in the village of Crook, County Durham, England, using only his sense of smell and touch. He said, "I won't give up my garden. Although I can't see what I'm doing, I work by sense of touch and smell. At first, I was worried that I wouldn't be ableto grow flowers so well but people come from all over to see the garden." Joe says that he is often out in the garden late at night but looking after the flowers made him very happy and relaxed. He added, "I often go around my garden and people think I can see. And I hope I could see one day and I want to make my garden more beautiful."Joe's wife, Heather, 70, said, "I am very proud of him. I am allergic to (对......过敏) flowers so I can't help him in the garden, but our grandson, Jamie hangs the baskets and helps him tidy the garden every week."11. Joe's neighbors envy him because .A. he is an old and kind manB. he has a garden with many beautiful hanging baskets of flowersC. he creates his pride and joy in the village of CrookD. he can look after the flowers well but they can't12. From the passage we can know that .a. Joe was blind 22 years agob. Joe was from Englandc. Joe's wife is the same age as himd. Joe has a grandsonA. a, bB. b, cC. a, b, dD. b, c, d13. How does Joe work in his garden?A. He works by the sense of touch and smell.B. He works with his wife and grandson.C. He works with his neighbors.D. He works by his feet.14. What does Joe Robinson think of looking after his flowers?A. Happy but tired.B. Happy and relaxed.C. Happy but lonely.D. Worried and tired.15. Why doesn't Joe's wife help him to look after the garden?A. Because she is too old.B. Because she has to look after her grandson.C. Because she is allergic to flowers.D. Because she is blind.CLook at the fantastic photos. They were taken by Zev Hoover in 2013. Do you want to know how Zev Hoover made it?In Zev Hoover's photo album, people in the photo are of very small size. One image(图像) shows a boy is flying with a leaf that is much larger than them. In another image, a boy is playing cards, and his body is the same size as the cards.Zev Hoover is a talented young photographer who comes from America. Today, the 16-year-old boy becomes very famous because of his Little Folk photo album. Zev Hoover came up with the idea to make these photos, when he was walking in the woods with his sister. After that hebegan to take photos of the background and the people. Then he used Photoshop to shrink down images of the people."It is fun to imagine little people peeking at you behind the leaves in the woods, I think," Zev said, "I like making these photos, because I can put my eye near the ground and imagine a world from the angle(角度) of people much smaller than me."Sometimes, when you see the world from a different angle, you may find beauty in life.16. What are the people like in Zev Hoover's photo album?A. They are very thin.B. They are of very small size.C. They are of very large size.D. They are very fat.17. The article described photos of Zev Hoover's.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 418. Where does Zev Hoover come from?A. China.B. Japan.C. America.D. England.19. What's the meaning of "shrink down"?A. 粘贴B. 缩小C. 复制D. 放大20. Which of the following is true?A. The fantastic photos were taken when Zev Hoover was very young.B. The boy who is flying with a leaf in Zev's photo is the same size as the cards.C. Zev made much money by making his Little Folk photo album.D. Zev thinks seeing the world from different angles may find beauty in life.DHelping your child choose a hobby is very good for them. They can learn a lot when they are enjoying themselves. To help your child choose a hobby for fun, here are a few tips that may help:●Match your child's interests. If she likes to cook, buy her a cookbook. Show your interest in and support of their interests.●Try something different. Introduce a new hobby as a birthday or holiday gift. In trying something completely different, your child may become interested in it or at least get to know a new thing.●Share a hobby with them. Take an art class as a family. Go for a mountain climbing together. Spending family time doing fun things can make a healthy and nice relationship.●Take it to next level. If they prefer pop music, visit a singer star's website. Take in a concert. Make it fun for everyone.●Don't push hobbies that interest you. Let kids choose their own interests, though you can always introduce them a new one. Don't show your disappointment if they choose something different from what you thought of.Hobbies are a great way for kids to learn new things. From kite building to song writing, help your children to try different interests until they choose one they want to learn more.21. Who is the passage written for?A. Parents.B. Doctors.C. Teachers.D. Students.22. Which tips(建议) can improve the family relationship?A. Match your child's interests.B. Share a hobby with your child.C. Try different hobbies.D. Don't push your interests to your child.23. The main idea of the passage is .A. spending family time doing fun things can make a healthy and nice relationshipB. helping your child choose a hobby is very good for themC. hobbies are not a great way for kids to learn new thingsD. letting kids choose their own interestsEMany students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, looking after animals, and collecting. Some hobbies are relaxing and creative. I like collecting best. I think collecting can open new worlds for us, but this is only one of the reasons to collect. Here are some more.●Collecting tells storiesThere is a story behind every collection. This is the story: when and where you get each collection and what it means to you. The collections themselves also tell stories. If a collection is old, it may tell the stories of other people who once owned or used it. If it's new, it can tell you a lot about its own time and place.●Collecting teaches you many thingsHistorical collections teach us important events, great heroes and everyday life in the past. New collections show today's technology and our way of life. Plants, animals and stones teach us about nature.●Collecting lets you share your knowledge with othersWhen you show your collections to your family and friends, you teach them new and interesting things. Kids all over the world are collectors, so while you're having fun learning about your collections, you can also make new friends and share your knowledge.So, you can see, collecting is very important and useful for us. Have you collected anything? If your answer is "no", please do it right now!答案一、完形填空1. A2. B3. B4. B5. D6. C7. B8. C9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C16. B 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. D二、阅读理解21. A 22. B 23. B三、阅读与表达(表格式)24. The story25. New collections26. Plants, animals and stones27. share your knowledge28. all over the world。

NOBOSH 考试复习资料2

Element 1:- Workplace hazards & riskcontrolHazards to pedestriansSlips, trips and falls (on same level)Falls from heightObjects moving, flying or fallingCollisions with moving vehiclesCauses of slips, trips & falls (accidents on walkways or Staircases) 1- Old age2- Sensory impairment e.g. Poor eyesight3- Unsuitable foot wear4-Slippery surface e.g. polished floor5- Spillage e.g. oil on floor6 During the floor cleaning7- Poor lighting / limited vision because of the dust or fog8- Uneven surface9-moving from one kind of floor surface to another10- Carrying heavy / large loads11- Poor physical condition / ill health / consciousness problems12- Rainy weather without suitable drainage system13- Poor housekeeping / Obstacles on the walkway (e.g. protrusions) 14- Bad organisation or layout of the work place15- Lack of attention / distractions16- Alcohol & drugs17- Fatigue & exhaustion18- Loose / Untied shoe laces19- Poor emergency procedures: people crowding, panicking & rushing to evacuate20- Not using the handrails21- Not keeping 3 points of contact22- Walking backwards e.g. banks man23- Broken steps / different heights24- Running, jumping & HorseplayWorking at heightHazards of working at heightFall of peopleFall of objectsCollapseOverturnContact with overhead servicesPrecautions & Control measures:- Avoid working at height by using long tools or machines- Reduce height as much as possible- Reduce duration & frequency of working at height- it is- Using proper working platform, carrying out pre use inspection & regular maintenance- PPE e.g. safety harness, fall arrestors & helmets with strap- Edge protection & Safety net- Ensure Safe access & egress to the work placePrecautions & Control measures of working on ANY roof:The above precautions PLUS:- Using crawl boards- Locating & covering the lights on the roof (if any)Hazards of laddersFall of peopleFall of objectsCollapseOverturnContact with overhead servicesPrecautions & Control measures:- Ladder resting with both feet on a levelled firm floor- Distance between the ladder & the wall in the ratio 1 : 4- Rested & fixed against solid surface- Suitable for the task, approved, inspected & in good condition - Fixed & secured at the top- 3 steps extra length at the top- Only one person at a time- Keeping 3 points of contact- PPE e.g. gloves,safety shoes, coveralls & helmets with straps - Clean firm non-slip steps- Should only be used as a mean of access NOT as a working platformIndependant tied ScaffoldDraw and label key parts of an independent Tied ScaffoldControl measures & precautions- Designed, erected, inspected, altered & maintained by competent certified people- Should be suitable for the job & certified- Inspected before each shift & after any accident, incident or adverse weather conditions- Avoid overloading or exceeding SWL- Use of guard rails & toe boards- Stop work in adverse weather conditions e.g. strong wind- it is- PPE e.g. helmets with strap & safety harnessMobile Tower ScaffoldHazardsFall of peopleFall of objectsCollapseOverturnContact with overhead servicesPrecautions & control measuresAbove precautions for independant tied scaffold PLUS: - Positioned on firm ground- Use of outriggers to broaden base & locking the wheels- Braced & tied to permenant structure- People and materials removed before movingMobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP)Hazards- Fall of people- Fall of objects- Collapse- Overturn- Contact with overhead services- Crushing between carrier and a fixed structure or inbetween the Scissors liftAccidetns, Collapse or overturning of MEWP caused by Equipment failureUnsuitable ground conditionsDefective or unused outriggersUnsuitable MEWP or in bad condition (lack of maintenance) OverloadingStruck by load or vehiclesIncompetent operatorInterference with controls by othersStrong wind / stormsPrecautions & control measures = Same like Tower scaffoldSuspended access cradleHazardsFall of peopleFall of objectsCollapseOverturnContact with overhead servicesCrushing between carrier and a fixed structurePrecautions & control measures = Same like Tower scaffoldExcavationsMain hazards- Fall of people- Fall of objects e.g. tools or fluids causing flooding- Collapse of the excavation (Caving)- Overturn of vehicles close to edge- Contact with underground services (electrical cables, gas pipes, sewage, telephone)- Access and egress (being a confined space: Difficults access & egress, Hazardous atmospheres- Contamination (sewage, spores)- Type of soil- Removal of soil- Undermining foundationsPrecautions & control measuresPlan the job using location mapsLocate & avoid underground cables e.g. CAT (cable avoidance tools) Issue permit to workSafe digging procedures (follwoing SSOW)Use competent workers – it isPPE e.g. coveralls, helmets & safety shoesImproving evironmental factors such as lighting & ventillationEnsure safe access & egressDemolitionMethods of DemolitionHand-held toolsMachineChemical agents (Explosives)Hazards of DemolitionSafety hazards:Fall of PeopleFall of objectsPremature collapseContact with underground & overhead servicesFire & ExplosionElectricityHealth hazards;Gases, fumes and vapoursAsbestosLeadSilicaNoiseVibrationIonising radiationBiological hazardsControl measures & Precautions:Pre-demolition surveys & area mapsSafe method of demolition & safe organized demolition sequence Competent workersEvacuating near buildings if neededPPE e.g. helmets, reflective vest , steel toe safety shoesSafe access & egressIssue pertmit to work & other legislative documentsSite Precautions for children- Fencing & barriers all around the site- Security guards & patrols- Monitoring the area with CCTV Cameras- Warning signs & Posters- Visit schools & provide information to the people in charge - Take children to site on visits (arranging class trips to the site) - Lock the vehicles & remove the keys- Remove ladders & prevent access to scaffolds- Lock away hazardous chemicals- Cover holes & excavations- Reduce heights of materialsElement 2: Transport hazards and risk controlHazards of vehicles including fork lift trucks (General) - Overturning- Overloading- Loss of loads- Collision with pedestrians, buildings or other vehicles- Fire and ExplosionsAdditional hazards of electric – battery fork lifts- Hydrogen gas released during battery charging- Inhalation of fumes- Corrosives leading to burns- Electricity problems- Manual handling of battery during recharging- They are quiet (People may not hear them coming)Procedures to follow when parking fork lift trucks- To be parked in the designated parking area (on a levelled surface not Blocking Walkways or exits)- Switch off engine, lights, radio, etc...- Remove the key & keep it with the responsible person / place.- Put gears (controls) in neutral position.- Apply the handbrake and the wheel chock to prevent rolling away- Forks to be resting on the floor- Mast slightly tilted forward- Surround the forklift with cones & barriers to prevent trips over theForks.Driver selectionSuitable ageMedical examination & Routine medical checks at regular intervals Assessment after prolonged absencesCompetence (KATE, Proper qualifying training & Refresher training)Safety of pedestrians in vehicle moving areasPrecautions to prevent collision between vehicles and pedestriansPrecautions to ensure safety of vehicles operation- Setting & enforcement of site traffice rules, proper signs & Floor marking- Segregation between vehicular route & pedestrian route- Suitable designated parking areas- Proper environmental conditions e.g. adequate lighting & reduced noise- Avoid sharp or blind bends- Vision panels in doors or transparent doors- Sufficiently wide entrances, gateways & traffic routes- Vision aids e.g. CCTV cameras or mirrors on vehicles & at blind corners- Setting speed limits for cars e.g. 20 km/h- Designated marked crossing points for pedestrians- FOPS- ROPS- PPE e.g. steel toe safety shoes & High visibility jackets- Driver training & qualification- Using ground guides in reversing (Signallers / Banks men)- Avoid reversing if possible e.g. One-way systems, drive through parking, circling the vehicles- Reversing alarms (audible & visual)- Refuges & Barriers in loading docksElement 3:- Musculoskeletalhazards & risk control Ergonomics: The relation & interaction between the work & the worker; how to fit the work to the worker.In other words, Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities.Causes of WRULDsRepetitive movements of fingers, hands or armsTwisting movementsSqueezingHammeringPushing, pulling or over reaching movementsSymptomsNumbness & tingling in fingersPain in hands or armsRestriction of joint movementSoft tissue swellingExamples for WRULDsTendonitisEpicondylitisCarpal Tunnel SyndromeRisk factors to considerForce exertedDuration & frequency of operationRepetition of movement without rest or recovery time (frequent breaks) Awkward PostureVulnerability e.g. smokers or existing medical conditionConstraints on spaceEnvironment (low temperature)Control measures: Improve or fix above plus:-Automate or mechanise taskUse correct tools and equipmentit isHealth effects of DSE use (Display Screen Equipment) Upper limb disorders (WRULDs)Eye and eyesight effectsEpilepsyFacial dermatitisElectro magnetic radiation effect on pregnant women Fatigue, stress & DiscomfortWorkstation requirementsAdequate lighting (general & local lighting)Minimum noiseSuitable legroomSuitable screen at eye levelKeyboard at suitable distanceSuitable softwareOrganized work surfaceFootrest if necessaryDocument holder if neededSuitable work chairCharacters of the Suitable SeatGood lumbar supportComfortable material with good width and depth Adjustable (Ability to adjust seat back and height)Stable base (5 legs or 5 points of contact with the ground) Ability to swivelProvision of arm restsOther control measures:- Adequate breaks (regular & mini breaks)- Eye sight testing & medical checkup- it isManual Handling Manual Handling InjuriesExternal: Cuts, bruises (Contusions), abrasions, BurnsInternal: Fractures, slipped disc (Disc prolapsed), Muscle Sprains,Tendon tears, ligaments tears, joint dislocation, Hernia Activities at risk- Handling excessive loads- Repetitive handling without adequate breaks or recovery time- Prolonged handling of loads especially if including excessive: Bending, stooping, twisting & over reachingFactors affecting the manual handling:LoadWeight, Size, ShapeRigidity, Difficulty to graspStability (centre of gravity)Sharp edgesHot / cold surfaceContents (hazardous or not)IndividualGenderPhysical capability, energy, Stamina, Height, pregnancy or illness Competence (Manual handling Training, physical abilities & experience) PPETaskNumber of boxes needed to be liftedDuration & frequency of the jobVertical & Horizontal distance where the load will be lifted to.Job rotation / sufficient rest or recovery (breaks)Team liftingAny need for excessive pulling, pushing, twisting, bending & over-reaching.EnvironmentConstraints on posture / SpaceFloor condition & type of floor surfaceLevel of housekeepingHot/Cold/ humid conditions or strong windEnvironmental factors e.g. Lightingremember LITEHierarchy of control to reduce manual handling injuries: - Avoid manual handling (automate or mechanise the job by using forklifts, cranes, hoists or conveyors)- Team lifting- Mechanical aids e.g. trolley- Dividing the load into smaller packages (less weight)- Reduce duration & frequency of manual handling tasks- PPE e.g. gloves & safety shoes- it is (manual handling training , etc..)- Follow safe system of work (safe handling technique)Kinetic Handling Technique (safe way of lifting a box) - Assess the load- Check the route- Get as Close as possible to the load with suitable feet position - Ensure secure & firm grip with PPE- Lift the load keeping the back straight & bending only the knees - Keep the Load close to the body while walking- Walk Smoothly avoiding jerky movements- Put down the load then slide into positionMechanical lifting equipment - Forklifts- Conveyors- Cranes- HoistsCONVEYORSHazard Control measures & Precautions Entanglement Guards, No loose clothing Drawing in Pop out rollers, nip guardsSharp edges Edge protection, eliminate edges Items jamming conveyor Adequate design, guardsFall of objects Edge guards, barriersRiding or crossing conveyor Bridges, complete enclosure Impact with objects HelmetsNoise Ear plugsManual handling Mechanical handling & it is Electricity Maintenance & good selectionHazards of CRANESFall of peopleFall of objectsCollapseOverturnContact with overhead servicesTypes of CRANESMobileTowerGantryOverhead GantryTypes of HOISTSChain hoistGoods hoistPatient hoist (rescue hoist)Safe use of Cranes (Precautions for ANY safe mechanical lifting) - Suitable certified crane- Suitable certified, color coded lifting accessories & correct slinging technique- Competent crane operators & banks men using good means of communications & agreed signals- Suitable ground conditions (firm levelled surface)- Use of outriggers- Clear pathway avoiding any obstructions- Avoiding overhead services such as power lines- Segregation of working area by barriers & warning signs so one could walk under the load- Visual & Audible alarms to warn that lifting is taking place- Load to be lifted vertically and to correct height & kept near ground when travelling- Ensure load is secured, balanced & guided by tag lines- Avoid exceeding of the SWL- Ensure Good visibility with adequate lighting & reduced nosie - Ensure suitable weather conditions and stop the lifting operation in adverse weather conditons e.g. strong wind- PPE e.g. Gloves, steel toe safety shoes and reflective jackets - When the load is placed on the ground; Release the tension first to avoid load tacklingElement 4:- Work equipmenthazards & risk control Suitability of the work equipment- Initial integrity- Purpose for use- Place of usePrecautions for maintenance Work- Issue permit to work if the job is high risk or non-routine as example if the whole body or the whole arm of the worker will beinside the machine- Isolation of power source (disconnection & lock out tag out)- Dissipation of stored energy e.g. release stored pressure, earthing for electricity or leaving the hot surface to cool down - Segregation of the work place by means of barriers & warning signs Safe means of access- Use suitable PPE e.g. safety shoes, coveralls and safety glasses - Ensure that all workers doing the job are Competent enough- Ensure safe environmental conditions e.g. adequate lighting & good ventilation- Emergency procedures / SSOWMechanical Hazards of Machinery (ENTICE)En tanglementT raps (drawing in – crush / shear)I mpactC ontact (stab/puncture – cuts – abrasions – burns – etc.)E jectionDraw labelled diagram of each oneEntanglementTraps (Drawing in)Traps (Crush / shear) ImapctContact (puncture / stab) Contact (cuts)Contact (abrasions) EjectionNon-Mechanical Hazards of Machinery Chemical / biological hazards Ergonomics / Manual Handling Electricity / NoiseFire / ExplosionVibration / Radiation / Ultra violet radiation Temperature extremesDust and fumesInterlocking Guard: - Linked to the machine controls so that the worker can’t gain access when the machine is in a dangerous condition ALSO opening the guard causes the machine to become safeAdvantages DisadvantagesAllow safe access for feeding materials (frequent opening) Increase the complexity of the machineConvenient to use Difficult to test and maintainLess likely to be deliberatelydefeatedMay need a brake or time delaySpeeds up operations May fail to dangerRegular maintenance requiredAdjustable Guards the length of the guard could be adjusted (changed) according to the length of the material being used, two types of this guard: 1) Manual (fixed) type and 2) Automatic typeAutomatic Sweep Guard Where the guard pushes the worker away from the danger zoneProtection Appliances:- such as holders & push sticksProtection devices:- such as Trip device, safety trip wire, photo electric system, pressure sensitive mat & two hand control deviceiT is: on how the machine is operated safely, how & when to be maintained, who is authorized to use it, etc.PPE: such as- coveralls for chemical splash & entanglement- goggles for ejected material- ear plugs for noise- steel toe safety shoes for crush injuries- hair nets for hair entanglementGLOVES should be banned near rotating shaftsElement 5:- Electrical Safety Hazards of Electricity B e SAFEB urnsS hockA rcingF ireE xplosions•B urnsInternal burns to the body organs & external burns to the skin3 degreesMelting any worn metals e.g. watches or rings•S hockelectric shock (Electrocution)Factors affecting / influencing severity of electrical shock - Voltage- Current (amperes)- Time- Conductivity or resistance of the body- Current path through the body- Nature of contact (grip or touch)- Individual factors (age, general health condition, children with thin skin)Emergency action on finding someone in contact with electricity - Isolate the supply if possible or move the person away from the source of electricity using an insulating material e.g. wood - Call for help- Check ABC- Apply CPR if needed- Treat burns if any- Remain with casualty till emergency services arrive•A rcingWhen electricity has sufficient potential to jump across insulating material such as air•F ireCauses of Electrical FiresInadequate circuitsOverloading electrical circuitsIncorrect fusesDamaged insulationLoose connectionsUsing flammable materials too close to electrical equipment Overheating of cables on coilsInadequate ventilation for electrical equipment & cables•E xplosionIgnition of gasSecondary Effects of ElectricityFalls from heightThrow off (away from the source of electricity)Unintentional movement of machineFailure / De-activation of control measures & security systemsLoss of informationTripping over cablesLoss of corporate reputationHealth effects of Electricity on the bodyExternal burns to the skinInternal burns to the body organsIrregular heartbeat (Fibrillation)Stopping of the heart (cardiac arrest)Stopping of breathing (Respiratory paralysis)Muscular contractionsDamage to nervous systemPrecautions to ensure safety of portable electrical equipment Ensure competence of workers : KATEPPE e.g. insulating gloves & safety shoesAvoid overloading circuitsRegular preventive maintenance for the electrical equipment including thermographic testsSafe correct routing of cables to avoid being ran over by vehicles, dragged over rough surface, trapped in machinery or getting incontact with chemicals or hot surfacePre use visual inspection to ensure good insulation and that wiring and casing are free from damageUsing approved suitable equipment & in good conditionAvoid home made or temporary connectionsAlways pull the plug NEVER the Lead & Avoid continous flexing Use the suitable protective systems such asProtective systems:Fuse:- A weak link designed to melt, breaking the circuit at excessive currentsAdvantages Disadvantages Cheap and readily available Does not protect theindividual from shock Protects equipment Slow to operateInaccurateUnsuitable or wrong fusemay be usedEasy to overrideCould need tools to replaceCircuit Breakers:- Electromagnetic device which perform the same function as fuses i.e. break the circuit at excessive current although slightly fasterAdvantages DisadvantagesAutomatically switch or trip under fault conditionsDoes not protect the individual from shockNo tools to resetNot easy to overrideNo reset until fault clearedProtects against overloadEarthing:- Electricity will always try reach earth and earthing means providing a path to earth lower than the human bodyAdvantages DisadvantagesMay prevent indirect shock by providing a very lowresistance path to earth Specialist testing andmaintenance, professionalinstallationReadily identified Protection defeated ifremovedIsolation:- The disconnection and separation of the electrical equipment from every source of electrical equipment in such a way that the disconnection and separation is secure (Lock out & Tag out)Advantages Disadvantages Safest option as it eliminateselectricityMay isolate other equipmentMay be physically locked off May be reconnected unlesslocked offPrevents live fault finding Battery operated tools:- Using battery instead of electrical wiresAdvantages Disadvantages Minimal risk during normaluseLimited battery capacityRange not restricted bycableLimited power outputNo trailing cable = No tripping hazards oroverheating cables Precautions need to be followed during mainschargingHeavierMore expensiveReduced voltage systems:- By reducing the voltage present system the consequences of electrical shock can be greatly reducedAdvantages DisadvantagesAvailable voltage difference is 55V ac - injury is highlyunlikely Specialist equipment required for 110 VColour coded cablingsystem for easy recognition Lead from supply to transformer at highervoltages and will needprotection with a RCDResidual Current Device (RCD):- It compares the current flowing into the system with the current flowing out. When the level differs by a preset value the RCD will open rapidly and interrupt the supplyAdvantages Disadvantages Rapid and sensitive May isolate crucialequipment if one RCDcovers a number ofdistribution points, e.g.freezers and computers Difficult to defeat Mechanical device, whichcould failEasy to use, test and reset Only protects against earthleakage faults (no overloadprotection)Cannot be reset with a faulton the circuitDouble Insulation:- Covering live parts by two separated layers of insulationAdvantages DisadvantagesTwo layers of insulation prevent user contact withany live parts Physical damage may defeat double insulationNo earth required No earth provided in doubleinsulation extension leads,therefore defeats protectionif used with equipment thatrequires an earthElement 6:- Fire safetyThe fire triangle:-Fuel (Combustible material)Heat (Source of ignition)Oxygen (air)Causes of fireArsonSmoking & smokers’ materialsOil/gas heating equipment and portable heatersUnsafe storage of flammable materialsUse of flammable liquids or gases in unsuitable areasHot work: welding, cutting, etc.Mechanical heat (Sparks/friction)PLUS causes of electrical fires page 19Flash point:- The temperature at which gas & vapour will ignite momentarily by an external source of ignition e.g. sparkFire point:- The temperature at which gas & vapour will sustain a flame when ignited by an external source of ignition e.g. sparkAuto-Ignition (Self ignition):- The temperature at which gas & vapour will ignite without any external source of ignition.Methods of Heat TransferDirect burning:- The flame and a combustible fuel are in direct contact and the fuel heats up and eventually ignites.Radiation:- Heat is radiated through the air causing heating of a materials at a distance from the fire.Conduction: Heat travels within solid material from the hot part to cooler partConvection:- Hot air current rises up to replace cooler air , causing the build up of hot and unburned gases under ceilings etc. and allows fire to spread from one room to another.Classes of fireA Carbonaceous material (Combustible solids)EXAMPLE: Wood & paperB Flammable liquids EXAMPLE: Alcohol & PetrolC Flammable gases EXAMPLE: Butane, methane & propaneD Metals EXAMPLE: Aluminium & MagnesiumF Cooking oil EXAMPLE: Vegetable oil & animal fatsElectrical Classified according to the source of ignition rather than fuel SourceTypes of fire extinguishersFor class A Water, Dry powder or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) For class B Dry powder, AFFF or CO2For class C Dry powder or CO2For class D Special powder or dry sandFor class F Wet chemicalsFor Electrical Dry powder or CO2Wet Chemicals (potassium acetate, carbonate, or citrate) extinguishes the fire by forming a soapy foam blanket over the burning oil and by cooling the oil.In the UK the use of Halon gas is now prohibited except under certain situations such as on aircraft and in the military and policePrecautions to prevent & control risk of fire AND to minimise the risk to people in the event of fire- Eliminate / reduce the amount of flammable materials- Segregate fuel & ignition sources- Good level of housekeeping to prevent accumulation of waste paper- Good security measures to prevent arson- Safe storage of flammable material- Compartmentation: dividing the building into isolated units (compartments) by means of fire doors & fire walls so that any fire in any of these units will be contained there & won’t spread to the rest of the building- Proper regular maintenance for all types of equipment- Electrical safety- it is & following SSOW- Suitable fire alarms & fire detectors.- Fire marshals to guide the employees during the evacuation- Suitable means of fire fighting such as water sprinklers, whose reels and fire extinguishers- Unobstructed means of escape with reasonable travel distances, fire doors, exit signs, Emergency lighting & illuminating signs - Assembly points (Muster points)- Regular drills & practices on evacuationPrecautions to ensure safe evacuation in the event of fire - Adequate fire detection equipments e.g. smoke detectors- Good means of raising alarms (visual & audible)- Automatic contact with the emergency services & fire department - Roll calls- Safe evacuation plan.- Special consideration for disabled people, pregnant women, etc.- Regular drills & practices on evacuation- Unobstructed means of escape with reasonable travel distances fire doors, exit signs, Emergency lighting & illuminating signs - Muster point / assembly point (clearly identified & proper location) - Closing the windows & fire doors after leaving- Adequate fire fighting equipment such as: Fire extinguishers, sprinklers, hose reels- Fire marshals & fire wardens helping in the above。

几何g6操作手册

几何g6操作手册
【原创版】
目录
1.几何 g6 操作手册概述
2.手册的内容
3.手册的使用方法
4.几何 g6 操作手册的优点
正文
几何 g6 操作手册概述
几何 g6 操作手册是一本详细的操作指南，它为使用者提供了关于几何 g6 的所有必要的信息。

几何 g6 是一种用于数学教学的工具，可以帮助教师和学生更好地理解和掌握几何概念。

手册的内容
几何 g6 操作手册包含了以下几个部分：
第一部分：基本操作
这一部分包括如何打开和关闭几何 g6，如何创建和编辑几何图形等
基本操作。

第二部分：高级操作
这一部分包括如何使用几何 g6 的各项功能，例如如何使用测量工具，如何进行几何变换等。

第三部分：使用技巧
这一部分包括了一些使用几何 g6 的技巧，例如如何使用快捷键，如何进行图形的精确绘制等。

手册的使用方法
对于初学者，建议先从基本操作开始学习，掌握了基本操作后再逐步学习高级操作。

在学习过程中，可以参考手册中的实例，进行实际操作，以提高学习效果。

几何 g6 操作手册的优点
几何 g6 操作手册的优点主要体现在以下几个方面：
1.详细全面：手册中包含了几乎所有几何 g6 的操作，无论是初学者还是熟练者，都能从中找到需要的信息。

2.易懂易学：手册中的语言简洁明了，步骤清晰，易于理解。

3.实例丰富：手册中提供了大量的实例，可以帮助使用者更好地理解和掌握几何 g6 的使用方法。

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外
LEXIS
英：朗读英：朗读科：朗读英：
抄写抄写抄写
听写：理解听写：记忆：
myth 神话，故事 cautious 谨慎的 dreadfully 极其地 civilization 文明 wisdom 智慧
外外外
本周重点词
proper nouns 专有名词 connectors 连词 contrast 比较，对比 modals 情态动词 imperatives 祈使句 direct speech 直接引语 comparatives 比较级 superlative 最高级
本周重点句型及内容
verb see ride drive fly drink win
Past tense saw rode drove flew drank won
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
past participle seen ridden driven flown drunk won
外
科:
Homework
1.A force can be a push or a pull.推或者拉都可以产生力。 2.Forces can cause things to:力可以让物体： start moving or stop moving 开始移动或停止移动 change its speed 改变它的速度 change its directions 改变它的方向 change its shape and size.改变它的形状和大小 1. 熟读重点词汇及句型，听写重点词汇。请家长签字。 2. 预习外英，外数，外科的内容。（通过查词典或其他方式学习不会的生词。）
Beijing Zhongde School International Department
Email: 双 6.1 zdbilingual_091001@ 密码 zhongde123456 Grade………6…….. Week…2…… 双 6.2 zdbilingual_091002@ 密码 zdsg123456 Date… 2015.3.12
interactions 合作，互动 force 力量 push 推 pull 拉 speed 速度 direction 方向 magnet 磁铁 shape 形状 size 尺寸 PATTERNS & STRUCTURES The present perfect tense: subject+has/have+past participle of verb 现在完成时态主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 He has finishe his homework. 他已经做完作业了。 The structure of the narrative story： 1. setting(where, when, who)情况介绍 2. problems(what conflict) 问题 3. series of events (what happened)一系列事件 4. resolution(How is the problem solved?)解决办法 5. coda(what do learn about) 结尾部分（我们学到了什么）

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几何g6操作手册

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几何g6操作手册

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