名词性从句用法详解

名词性从句用法详解
一、概说名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。

二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。

如：
I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。

（宾语从句可省）
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。

（That引导主语从句不能省）
2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。

He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether)
3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

如：
That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。

When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。

4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。

如： The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。

三、名词性从句的重要引导词
1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。

它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。

如： I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。

I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。

2. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。

如：
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。

I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：
任何人来都欢迎。

误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.
正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.
另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于no matter who [what, which]。

如：
Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。

(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。

(whoever = no matter who)
注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。

4. why 与 because 的用法区别。

两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。

如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了，因此我没来。

I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来，那是因为我感冒了
五、宾语从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。

如：
Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭？
I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。

六、名词性从句的时态问题
1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。

如：
She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。

I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。

2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。

当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。

如：
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。

句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。

【2012安徽卷】27.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these limits 【作为句子主语】will depend on his environment.
【2012全国新课程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
【答案】D 【解析】此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。

What 作do的宾语。

句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。

【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。

【2012山东卷】25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this s tore.
A. how
B. whether
C. what
D. why
.【答案】B 【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。

句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。

【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。

【2012福建卷】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with
the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
【考点】本句考查连词的辨析
【答案】C【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。

【难度】难度大
【2012四川卷】17. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.
A. when
B. how
C. that
D. whether
【答案与解析】B 本题考查名词性从句。

句意为：科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。

根据句意，故答案选B。

【2012天津卷】9. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. A. whether B. how C. if D.when
【答案与解析】答案A。

此处考查介词。

It doesn’t matter whether无论是否
【2012辽宁卷】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. Whichever 【考点】连词用法。

【答案】C
【解析】介词for 后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find 缺少宾语，所以用whatever，选C 【2012陕西卷】20. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose
______ suits you best. A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
【答案与解析】B 考查名词性从句。

所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，选B。

其余选项与句意不符。

【2012北京卷】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether
【解析】24. C。

从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。

【2012江西卷】25．It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
25答案：D考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。

解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。

且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。

[2012湖南高考真题]26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A．why B. how C. whether D. when
【答案与解析】选C本题是一形式主语句型，考查名词性从句引导的用法。

根据空后的or 可知为whether … or短语。

复合句名词性从句主语从句形式主语引导词whether 【2012重庆卷】34. Evdence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. that
【答案】D 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。

因此，正确答案为D
2. (2010·全国卷II·T10)—Have you finished the book？
-- No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
【解析】D。

句意：-你读完这本书了吗？-没有。

我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴那儿。

where在此引导宾语从句并在从句中做地点状语，表示“在。

的地方”。

-Jane looks blue today.
-Yes. But she doesn’t want to tell us _______ that she is worried.
A. what is it
B. what it is
C. why is it
D. why it is
此题选D。

一些学生误选B。

认为句意是她不想告诉我们她担心什么。

但是，what是疑问代词在从句中要作主语、宾语、宾语等。

若选B，要在worried后面加上about才可以。

选D，句意是她不想告诉我们她为什么担心，why在从句中作状语。

由此题可知，做此类题时，一定要做到不仅看句子的意思还要看句子中缺少什么成分。

Exercise
（2010·全国卷I·T33）We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going
to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where
3. （2010·江苏卷·35— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. ——That’s _ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where
B. how
C. when
D. what
4.（2010·北京卷·31）. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how
5. （2010·北京卷·T 32）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. whether
6. （2010·北京卷·T 33）_____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
【7. （2010·福建卷·T 35）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have _____we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether
8. （2010·湖南卷·T35）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why
9. （201·0山东卷·T26）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which
10.（2010·陕西卷·T 18）It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if
11．（2010·上海卷·T 36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why
12.（2010·上海卷·T 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
13.（2010·四川卷·T14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why
14.（2010·天津卷·T14）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know
it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which
15. （2010·浙江卷·T9）It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
16. （2010·重庆卷·T25）To improve the quality of our products ,we asks for suggestions ___ had used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which
2011年高考题
1.（2011?四川卷? T10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which
2.（2011?山东卷?T26）I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why
3.（2011?山东卷?T33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know __she’ll accept it.
A. where
B. what
C. whether
D. which
4.（2011?江西卷? T26）The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which
5.（2011?辽宁卷? T23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first. A. what B. who C. how D. why
6.（2011?辽宁卷? T32）When the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because
7.（2011陕西卷T15）I’d like to start my own Business—that’s
I’d do if I had the money.A. why B. when C. which D. what
8.（2011?湖南卷T31）Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ___ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why
9.（2011?天津卷T13）Modern science has given clear evidence ___ smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what B. which C. that D. where
10.（2011?上海卷? T35）There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. what B. if C. how D. that
11. （2011?上海卷? T38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ___ others actually understand. A. why B. that C. which D. what
12. （2011?江苏卷? T26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why
13. （2011重庆卷? T22）It is still under discussion ____the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where
14. （2011?重庆卷? T34）It is not always easy for the public to see ____ use a new invention can be of to human life .A. whose B. what C. which D. that
15 （2011?安徽卷?T33）H is writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out
_____it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what
16. （2011?北京卷? T22） Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness .A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
17. （2011?北京卷? T31）The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why。