优化方案2017高考英语总复习第一部分模块7综合过关检测(七)牛津译林版

综合过关检测（七）(时间： 100分钟满分： 120分)第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解[共两节，满分40分]第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A(2016·太原第二学段测评)A group of psychologists led by Albert Bandura developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how people talk to each other, what clothes are “fashionable”， and how to interact with people.In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with them, all the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll and even inventing new ways to abuse it. They were also aggressive with the other toys in the room.Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you lear n.You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good­looking, has high status, or is socially powerful.Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning？Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting high­status students l ead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant(不情愿的) at first.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了著名的“波波玩偶实验”及Bandura所倡导的观察学习理念。

这种理念可以运用在教师的实际教学中：以身示范，向学生展示你的行为和态度；重视榜样引领等。

1．What can you acquire by watching others according to the passage?A．A social context. B．Appropriate actions.C．Family cultures. D．Knowledge from instructors.B解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段最后两句“Observational learning helps peopleacquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how people talk to each other, what clothes are‘fashionable’， and how to interact with people.”可知，通过观察别人，我们可以学会如何与人沟通、互动等行为。

故B 项正确。

2．What was found in Bandura’s studies?A．All the children in the test found a new way to play with Bobo doll.B．All the children in the test tended to imitate what they had learned. C．Children watching a Bobo doll beaten treated the doll cruelly.D．Children watching a Bobo doll beaten invented new ways to look after toys.C解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段倒数第二句“Children in the first gro up tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll and even inventing new ways to abuse it.”可知，唯有第一组的儿童会模仿他们所见的，有的甚至发明新招来虐待玩偶。

故C 项正确。

3．The guidelines to teachers mentioned in the last paragraph do not include “________”．A．focusing on the modelB．using class leaders as modelsC．showing enthusiasm for the subjectsD．demonstrating the mental and physical tasksA解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段第三、四、五、六句可知， B、 C、 D三项均涉及，故选A项。

4．What is the passage mainly about?A．The importance of social learning theory.B．Learning new behaviors in group work.C．Albert Bandura and his contributions.D．Observational learning and its application.D解析：主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了Bandura观察学习理念的内容与作用，最后给老师提供了在教学方面运用观察学习理念的策略。

A、 B两项表达的意思只涉及文章部分内容； C项表示的内容，显得大而模糊。

故D项正确。

B(2016·佳木斯一模)Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more ecofriendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and ecofriendly “green” way to treat storm water.What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve theenvironment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once native plants establish the necessary root system, they will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re ecoconscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了环境友好型的雨水花园是如何运作的。