东大17春学期《大学英语(三)》在线作业2

17秋东北大学东大17春学期《大学英语(三)》在线作业2一、阅读理解（共4 道试题，共40 分。

）1. Brazil has become one of the developing world’s greatest successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas（通俗电视连续剧）and installment（分期付款）plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible（不相容的）with unlimited reproduction,”says Martine.1). According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _________.A. by educating its citizensB. by careful family planningC. by developing TV programmersD. by chance正确答案：2). According to the passage, many Third World countries _________.A.haven’t attached much importance to birth con trolB. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC. haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their populationD. neglected the role of TV plays in family planning正确答案：3). The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Pars.3) is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. attributes it toB. finds it a reason forC. sums it up asD. compares it to正确答案：4). Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because _________.A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB. they have gradually changed people’s way of lifeC. people are drawn to their attractive packageD. they popularize birth control measures正确答案：5). What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?A. The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C. Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictoryD. A country’s production is limited by its population growth.正确答案：2. In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theatre, then a barbecue restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks’ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machine. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers’ fast-food restaurant and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurant. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment and even their red and white buildings with the golden arches.Today McDonald’s is really a household name. Its names for its sandwi ches have come to mean hamburgers in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald’s had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1). This passage is mainly about ____________.A. the development of fast food servicesB. how McDonald’s became a billion-dollar businessC. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD. Ray Kroc’s business talent正确答案：2). Mac and Dick managed all of the following business except ___________.A. a drive-inB. a theatreC.a cinemaD. a barbecue restaurant正确答案：3). We may infer from this passage that _____________.A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocB. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC. forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsD. Ray Kroc was a good businessman正确答案：4). The passage suggests that ____________.A. creativity is an important element of business successB. Ray Kroc was the closer partner of the McDonald brothersC. Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to KrocD. California is the best place to go into business正确答案：5). In the second sentence of the third paragraph, the word “unique” means ___________.A. differentB. financialC. attractiveD. peculiar正确答案：3. We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jerry really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends--or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "you're a lucky dog". Is he really on your side? If he says, "You're a lucky guy" or "You're a lucky gal", that's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture (体态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinkingabout the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.1). From the questions in the first paragraph we can learn that the writer ______.A. feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to himB. feels he may not have "read" his friends' true feelings correctlyC. thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friend, HelenD. is sorry that his friends let him down正确答案：2). In the second paragraph, the writer uses the example of "You're a lucky dog" to show that ______.A. the speaker of this sentence is just being friendlyB. this saying means the same as "You're a lucky guy" or "You're a lucky gal"C. sometimes the words used by a speaker give a clue to the feeling behind the wordsD. the word "dog" shouldn't be used to apply to people正确答案：3). This passage tries to tell you how to ______.A. avoid mistakes about money and friendsB. bring the "dog" bit into our conversationC. avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell youD. keep people friendly without trusting them正确答案：4). In listening to a person, the important thing is ______.A. to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyesB. to listen to how he pronounces his wordsC. to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his postureD. not to believe what he says正确答案：5). If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ______.A. be able to get the real meaning of what people say to youB. avoid any mistakes while talking with people who envy youC. not lose real friends who say things that do not please youD. be able to observe people as they are talking to you正确答案：4. The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive sid e, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.1). Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.A. keeping a balance between quality and priceB. convincing him of their low priceC. appealing to his buying motivesD. stressing their high quality正确答案：2). The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.A. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the sameB. thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesC. the loaf was cut into regular slicesD. the bread was not real bread正确答案：3). The passage tells us that _______.A. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t needB. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsC. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsD. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment正确答案：4). It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.A. be familiar with various advertising strategiesB. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsC. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsD. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal正确答案：5). The passage is mainly about ________.A. ways to protect the interests of the consumerB. how to make a wise buying decisionC. the function of advertisements in promoting salesD. the positive and negative aspects of advertising正确答案：17春学期《大学英语(三)》在线作业2二、单选题（共15 道试题，共45 分。