1 土木工程-土木工程专业英语课件Lesson_1
《土木工程专业英语》课件
介绍结构工程的适用条件和实际应用案例，如特殊土壤、大气环境下的建筑等。
环境工程
1 概念及作用
2 发展趋势
定义环境工程的概念和作用如可 持续发展、绿色技术等。
总结
1
主要内容和收获
总结本课程的主要内容和学习收获，激发学生的兴趣和进一步研究的动力。
《土木工程专业英语》 PPT课件
土木工程专业英语课程的大纲，包括课程介绍、学习目标和要求。本课程涵 盖建筑材料、结构力学、土力学、水利工程、道路工程、结构工程、环境工 程等内容。
建筑材料
分类及特点
介绍建筑材料的分类和各种材料的特点，包括金属、混凝土、砖石、木材等。
性能要求
探讨建筑材料在不同工程中的性能要求，包括强度、耐久性、隔热性等。
发展历史
回顾水利工程的发展历史，从古代灌 溉系统到现代水坝建设。
道路工程
规划设计要点
讲解道路工程的规划和设计要点，包括道路交通 流量、路面设计等。
常见问题及解决方法
探讨道路施工中常见的问题，如土质不良、施工 进度延误等，提供解决方法。
结构工程
发展现状和前景
评述结构工程在当代的发展现状和未来的前景，如高层建筑、桥梁工程等。
结构力学
基本概念
介绍结构力学的基本概念，如受力、平衡、变形 等。
受力分析法
讲解结构受力分析的基本方法和应用，如静力学、 弹性力学等。
土力学
1 基本概念
讲述土力学的基本概念，如土的组成、颗粒间力学性质等。
2 影响因素
探讨土力学性质受到的影响因素，如含水量、固结状态等。
水利工程
1
基本组成
2
介绍水利工程的基本组成，包括水库、 引水渠等。
土木工程专业英语(翻译)课件.
给钢束灌浆通常跟随孔道畅通无阻之后。
钢束灌浆之前，孔道应畅通无阻。
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
“信”与“达”是辨证统一的：
“信”是“达”的基础，不忠实的译文再通顺也无 意义；
“达”是“信”的保证，不通顺的译文会影响译文 的质量。
“信”与“达”相结合的原则。
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1.1.3 翻译的过程
在经济的发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性不能过分估计。 在经济发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性无论怎么估计也 不过分。
can not + over = can not … too…无论如何…也不过分.
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
2. A novel solution to car which runs out of control into
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1.1.1 翻译的任务
专业英语的翻译就要求翻译者在英语、汉语和专
业知识等方面都具有良好的素质和修养。
从某种意义上说，专业英语的翻译同文学类的英 语翻译一样，也是一个再创作的过程。
需要掌握翻译的方法和技巧，不断提高语言文字 水平以及文化、专业知识水平，并在实践中不断 地磨练。
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bridge abutments and the like has become popular in
North America although not yet in Europe.
对于汽车失去控制撞到墩柱上等等类似的问题，尽管在欧洲 还未找到解决的办法，然而在北美已经有了新的很普遍的解 决办法.
土木工程专业英语(Civil Engineering)课件-翻译
It is this kind of steel that the construction worksite
needs most urgently．
建筑工地最急需的正是这种钢。
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It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new methods of construction.
它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中他们能减少水泥硬化时 释放出的热量。
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限定性定语从句有时在翻译时可压缩成宾语、谓 语、表语和同位语。
Soft-rock tunnel has its main characteristic as the tunnel process which need no explosives.
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英语中有大量从动词派生的名词和具有动作意味的名
词，这类名词在英译汉时常能转译成动词。
In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport,
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1.句子的结构： c.英语复合句结构→汉语不同的复合结构。
This place is really beautiful, and many people
土木工程专业英语ppt-课件
Chapter 1
Research and development A civil engineer needs to get involved in research and development to obtain profits and to improve the efficiency to the present and future needs. 研究与开发 土木工程师需要参与研究和开发, 以获取利润, 提高效率, 以满足目前和未来 的需要。
从金字塔到今天的薄壳结构, 世界工程奇迹是土木工程发展的结果。如道路 、铁路、桥梁等通信线路没有发展是不可能的, 是土木工程师工作的成果。下面 列出了土木工程师的各种功能。
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Chapter 1
Investigation The first function of a civil engineer is to collect the necessary data that is required before planning a project. 调查 土木工程师的第一个功能是收集计划项目前所需的数据。 Surveying The objective of surveying is to prepare maps and plans to locate the various structures of a project on the surface of earth. 测量 勘测的目的是准备地图和计划在地球表面寻找项目的各种各样的结构。
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Chapter 1
Planning Depending on the results obtained from investigation and surveying, a civil engineer should prepare the necessary drawing for the project in terms of capacity, size and location of its various components. On the basis of this drawing, a necessary estimate should be worked out.
土木工程专业英语大学课件UNITE 1 Design Process
2、sketch: [C]草图，略图， 也做简历讲 A sketch of the author’s life: 作者的简介
3、multi-storey block: [C] 高楼大厦，多层砌体结构 大家想想，高楼大厦还有那 些说法，high-rise blocks, high rise, skyscrapers……
二、PASSAGE A INTRODCTION TO DESIGN PROCESS
设计过程简介
Most good landscape architects employ a series of analytical and creative thinking steps referred to as the “Design Process” to arrive at a built site design that correctly meets all the necessary requirements in the most efficient and aesthetically pleasing manner possible. The design process has a number of uses including the following: 大多数优秀的园林设计师在经历了一系列的分析和创造性 的思考过程，这个过程也被称作“设计过程”，为了实现 设计场地方案恰到好处地实现所有的必须的要求，达到既 满足了经济的要求，又满足了人们的审美要求。设计过程 可以具有以下的作用：
单词： 1.framework n.构架; 结构，在此处，organized被 framework的意思概括了。 A skeleton framework:骨架 A metal framenwork:金属框架 creating：可有可无的一个词。 2.evolve：动词，使发展，使进化，逐渐形成 3.appropriately ：[[əˈprəupriˈeitli]]adv. 适当地, 合适地,相称地；恰如其分地，恰当地。 4.client：名词，委托人，客户。 5.budget：名词，预算 6.aid：帮助
土木工程专业英语讲稿Lesson_1 Civil Engineering
Lesson 1 Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程, 最古老的工程专业, 是关于建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
它包括根据科学原理建造所有的结构物, 如灌溉和排水系统和火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师筑路、架桥、修建隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、给排水系统、医院、学校、公交系统, 以及现代社会和人口密集区域所必需的其他公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use．他们也修建私有设施, 如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦以及为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
土木工程专业英语unit 1(1)
Its Application
? Why Concrete gains such popularity these days
Advantages
Its success and popularity may be largely attributed to:
1. durability under hostile environments (including resistance to water)
Basic Materials Properties
◆Concrete： ◎ High Compressive Strength, but lower Tensile
strength ◎ General Tensile Strength is only about 1/8~1/20 Of Compressive Strength ◎The Failure is of Obvious Brittle Performance
Learning Guidance
Master:
The advantages and disadvantages of concrete;the composition of concrete;what is pre-tensioned method and post-tensioned method
掌握：混凝土的优缺点；混凝土的组成；什么是先张法和后张法
Teaching Important Point:
pre-tensioned method and post-tensioned method (先张法和后张法)
Teaching Diffcult Point:
skills: choice and extension of word meaning(词类的选择和延伸)
同济大学出版社土木工程专业英语_Unit_1
• The Egyptians built causeways and roads for transporting stone from the quarries to the Nile. The large blocks of stone that were erected by the Egyptians were moved by using levers, inclined planes, rollers, and sledges. • 为了从采石场向尼罗河运输石材埃及人建造 了长堤和道路。由埃及人竖设的大块石头通 过使用拉杆、斜平面、滚子和雪橇来移动。
• 古埃及人用最简单的机械原理和装置建造了许多至今仍矗立的庙 宇和金字塔，包括吉萨大金字塔和在卡纳克的Amon-Ra的寺庙。 这个大金字塔，481英尺（146.6 米）高，由2250000个石块组成， 石块的平均重量超过1.5吨（1.4 吨）。建造如此的纪念性建筑使 用了大量的人力。埃及人也作了一些重达1000吨(900吨)的石头的 大块切割的方尖塔。硬青铜的切削刀具在其中pt the simplest mechanical principles and devices were used to construct many temples and pyramids that are still standing, including the great pyramid at Giza and the temple of Amon-Ra at Karnak. The great pyramid, 481 feet(146.6 meters)high, is made of 2.25 million stone blocks having an average weight of more than 1.5tons (1.4 metric tons). Great numbers of men were used in the construction of such monuments. The Egyptians also made obelisks by cutting huge blocks of stone, some weighing as much as 1000 tons (900 metric tons). Cutting tools of hard bronze were used.
土木工程专业英语1ppt课件
【例6】The huge investment in the highway infrastructure will be erased quickly if proper maintenance and rehabilitation procedures are enforced and funded.
由于总重量减轻，就有可能建造更高的楼房。
语法特点 • 4、较多地使用祈使语气和公式化表 达方式
在理论分析和公示推导中常采用Assume that…， Suppose that…，Let…等祈使语气的 表达方式。
【例5】Suppose that P=0 at x=y.
假定当x=y时，P=0。
语法特点 • 5、条件语句较多
参考书目
参考书目
参考书目
段兵廷《土木工程专业英语》课文内容
• • • • • • • • • • • Lesson 1 Civil Engineering（土木工程学） Lesson 2 Building and Architecture（建筑物与建筑学） Lesson 3 Components of a Building（建筑物的组成） Lesson 4 Tall Buildings（高层建筑） Lesson 5 Environmental Engineering（环境工程） Lesson 6 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning （取暖、通风和空调） Lesson 7 Bridge（桥梁） Lesson 8 Bridge Design and Construction（桥的设计与构造） Lesson 9 Harbors and Sea Works （海港与海上工程） Lesson 10 Dam（大坝） Lesson 11 Highway Engineering（高速公路工程）
土木工程专业英语-Part 1
Text Dynamic Analysis on Structures
• These one-degree-of-freedom systems may be described conveniently by the mathematical model shown in Fig. 6. 2 which has the following elements: (1) a mass element m representing the mass and inertial characteristics of the structures; (2) a spring element k representing the elastic restoring force and potential energy capacity of the structure;
Text Dynamic Analysis on Structures
• In adopting the mathematical model in Fig. 6. 2, it is assumed that each element in the system represents a single property; that is, the mass m represents only the property of inertial and not elasticity or energy dissipation, whereas the spring k represents exclusively elasticity and not inertia or energy dissipation. Finally, the damper c only dissipates energy.
土木工程专业英语.最全优质PPT
应译为：对于如何避免汽车在失去控制时撞到墩柱上或别的 类似的物体上，己经有了一种新的解决办法。这种办法在北 美已普遍使用，然而在欧洲却未能做到这一点.
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3. Grouting of the tendons usually follows the freedom of the ducts from obstruction.
要求
1.了解一定的阅读与科技英汉翻译知识； 2.对课程中text和部分reading material要能够正确理解与 表达其主要内容； 3.扩充基础英语词汇、短语，巩固基础英语知识； 4.具备一定的专业外语阅读、翻译和写作能力。
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第一讲 土木工程专业英语翻译 Civil Engineering Specialty English Translation
2
1.1 概论
翻译的定义：翻译是使用不同语言的民族交流思想的工具。 翻译本身是一种语言活动，是把一种语言文字的意义用另 一种语言文字表达出来 (《现代汉语词典》)。
翻译也是一个复杂的思维过程，包括观察、记忆、理解、 分析、综合、联想、判断、选择等多种思维活动。它是一 种语言文字对原作的思想、氛围、风格进行再创造的思维 活动。
液体以和气体大致相同的方式具有膨胀和收缩 的趋势。
液体的膨胀和收缩趋势与气体大致相同。
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1.1.1 翻译的任务
翻译的任务在于准确而完整地表达原文的思想内容， 使读者对原文的思想内容有正确的理解。
以英汉笔译来说，就是要用中文准确而完整地传达英 文的思想。
翻译与创作不同，译者不能随心所欲地表达自己的思 想，他只能全部地、不折不扣地理解原作的每一句话、 每一段文字，然后用自己民族的语言如实地表达出来。
土木工程专业英语完整版本
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
他们还要确定合适的材料组合，包括钢材、混凝土、塑料、石头、 沥青、砖、铝及其它建筑材
Most structural engineer work for apartment or public construction and factory constructions.
大多数结构工程师从事公寓建筑、公共建筑和厂房建筑工作。
除了仅仅作为住处之外，由土木工程师建造的住处提供了一个和 平而舒适的生活。
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
从那时起，土木工程师这个词用来指建设公共设施的工程师，尽 管这一领域非常广阔。
Contents
The scope of civil engineering is broad, depending on the type of the project and the skills needed.
土木工程的范围很广，这取决于项目的类型及所需的技术。
这些工程师要分析支撑结构和影响结构性能的土壤及岩石的性能。 They evaluate and work to minimize the potential settlement of buildings and other structures, which stems from the pressure of their weight on the earth. 他们评估并采取措施使建筑物和其他结构的重量对地面的压力引 起的潜在的沉降最小化。
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
• civil engineering 土木工程 • design of building and civil engineering
structures • steel structure • building engineering • Slab-colume system • Frame structure 工程结构设计 钢结构 房屋建筑工程 板柱结构 框架结构
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
rock-soil（岩土） Classification: industry and civil architecture (工业和民用建筑)
road and bridge(道路与桥梁)
geotechnical engineering（岩土工程）
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, is the application of engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, rock soil engineering to solve a technical problem of all kinds of Engineering science. According to the construction phases, work content can be divided into: geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering monitoring, geotechnical engineering testing.
土木工程专业英语完整版本
Most structural engineer work for apartment or public construction and factory constructions.
大多数结构工程师从事公寓建筑、公共建筑和厂房建筑工作。
这些工程师要分析支撑结构和影响结构性能的土壤及岩石的性能。 They evaluate and work to minimize the potential settlement of buildings and other structures, which stems from the pressure of their weight on the earth. 他们评估并采取措施使建筑物和其他结构的重量对地面的压力引 起的潜在的沉降最小化。
工程师们设计并维护港口、水电坝、河流设施，控制水流量，控 制并治理不同的水资源，他们建造坝、水库并把水渠分布到耕地。
Contents
Those engaged in environmental engineering design systems to sanitize water and air, they provide safety drinking water for people and control pollution of water supplies, they help to build water and wastewater treatment plants, dump sites to eliminate hazardous or toxic wastes and prevent pollution of surrounding land.
土木工程专业英语课件
对于任何一个给定的工程项目，土木工程师始 终（将介词throughout转译成副词）都要充分利用计 算机。用计算机来设计工程的各要素（计算机辅助设 计CAD）且用计算机来管理这个工程项目。对于现 代土木工程师而言，计算机是必备的工具，因为它们 允许工程师高效地处理大量的用来制定工程最佳施工 方法的数据。
Text
Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程，这个最古老的工程专业，是指对被建 设环境的规划、设计、建筑和管理。这个环境包括按 科学原理所建的一切结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭 发射设备。
把工程项目设计好。
Throughout any given project, civil engineers make extensive use of computers. Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design, or CAD) and to manage it. Computers are necessity for the modern civil engineer because they permit the engineer to efficiently handle the large quantities of data needed in determining the best way to construct a project.
实用土木工程英语 中国建材工业出版社 PPT课件
Qanat 暗渠
the Parthenon 帕特农神庙
the Appian Way 阿庇乌大道
the Great Wall of China 长城
the Jetavanaramaya 祗陀林佛塔
• The Romans developed numerous civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, harbors, bridges, dams and roads. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term “engineer” and “architect” were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.
• 土木工程是一门专业工程学科，负责设计、施 工，以及维护诸如道路、桥梁、运河、大坝和 房屋等各种人造和自然建造的环境。
• 2. What can you say about the history of civil engineering?
• 2. 你了解多少土木工程的发展历史？
• One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes’ screw.
土木工程专业英语 lecture 1-3
Байду номын сангаас
5.1Construction consultation and inspection (工程咨询和检验）
Construction consultation and inspection During the construction phrase, the engineer’s role covers field consultation(现场咨询） and on-site inspection（工地 视察）. Field consultation, normally part of the designer’s obligation（义务） under the design contract（设计合同）, includes periodic（定期） visit to the site, insurance （确保） of clarifying drawings（解释图纸） (if required), and check of equipment catalogue(设备项目） and contractor’s（承包 商的） shop drawings （施工图） for compliance with（符合） the contract documents.
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Civil EngineeringCivil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、给水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，commercial, or residential use．他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
In addition，civil engineers plan，design，and build complete cities and towns，and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities．此外，土木工程师规划、设计和修建整个城市和乡镇，最近已经开始规划和设计功能齐全的小区空间平台。
The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen．“土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。
In 1782，Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time．1782年，英国人John Smeaton 用这个术语来区分非军事工程项目和当时占统治地位的军事工程师的工程项目。
Since then，the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to public facilities built by engineers，although the field is much broader．从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
Scope 范围Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties．因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。
Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程专家的各种技能。
When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement--water，sewer，and power lines．当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图，他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earthcan bear the weight of the project．岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受建筑物的自重。
Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area：the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment．环境专家要研究工程对当地区域的影响：潜在的空气污染和地下水污染，工程对当地动植物的影响，以及工程如何设计才能满足政府对保护环境的要求。
Transportation specialists determine what kind of facilities are needed to ease the burden on local roads and other transportation networks that will result from the completed project．运输专家要确定需用什么类型的设施来减轻由完工的工程产生对当地道路和其他运输网带来的压力。
Meanwhile，structural specialists use preliminary data to make detailed designs，plans，and specifications for the project．同时，结构专家用初始资料来制定工程的详细设计，规划和技术说明。
Supervising and coordinating the work of these civil engineer specialists，from beginning to end of the project，are the construction management specialists．从工程开始到结束，施工管理专家监督和协调这些土木工程专家们工作。
Based on information supplied by the other specialists，construction management civil engineers estimate quantities and costs of materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as specified．根据其他专家提供的信息，施工管理土木工程师要估计材料和劳动力的数量和成本，安排所有的工作，安排所需的材料和设备的使用顺序，雇承包商和分包商，以及做其他的监督管理工作以确保工程能及时按规定要求完工。
Throughout any given project，civil engineers make extensive use of computers．对于任何给定的工程，土木工程师都要广泛地利用计算机。
Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design，or CAD) and to manage it．运用计算机可对工程的各个部分进行设计和管理。
Computers are a necessity for the modern civil engineer because they permit the engineer to efficiently handle the large quantities of data needed in determining the best way to construct a project．计算机对于现代土木工程师而言是必不可少的，因为它们可使工程师高效地处理大量数据，这些数据是在确定最优施工方案时所不可缺少的。
Structural engineering 结构工程In this speciality，civil engineers plan and design structures of all types，including bridges，dams，power plants，supports for equipment，special structures for offshore projects，the United States space program，transmission towers，giant astronomical and radio telescopes, and many other kinds of projects．在这个专业里面，土木工程师规划和设计所有类型的结构，包括桥梁、大坝、电站、设备的支撑、近海工程的特殊结构、美国的太空计划、输电站、大型天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他工程。