lecture-8-SOA
Lecture 8
• Yankee bonds must meet the requirements of the SEC, just like U.S. domestic bonds.
• Many borrowers find this level of regulation burdensome and prefer to raise U.S. dollars in the Eurobond market.
Straight Fixed Rate Debt
• These are “plain vanilla” bonds with a specified coupon rate and maturity and no options attached.
• Since most Eurobonds are bearer bonds,
small…as long as there is no change in the default risk.
Question
• Your firm has just issued five-year floatingrate notes indexed to six-month U.S. dollar Libor plus ¼ percent. What is the amount of the first coupon payment your firm will pay U.S. $1,000 of the face value, if sixmonth Libor is currently 7.2%?
Lecture_8_TH_2014
• Offsets similar to a very low freq. noise (appear constant)
Tang, He Lecture 8 10
Practical Input‐Referred Offsets
Vt
Tang, He
AVt WL A
– With mismatch, Vod=certain value when Vid=0 – Define this “certain value”=VOS,out – More commonly used, input‐referred offset voltage
VOS ,in VOS ,out A
VOS ,in I D VOV (W / L) gm 2 W /L
• Proportional to VOV and W/L mismatch – Trade‐off with linearity, area and power
Tang, He Lecture 8 7
Offsets Analysis Due to Mismatch
Tang, He
Lecture 8
3
Offsets Analysis Due to Mismatch
• Calculate VOS,in (consider R mismatch)
RD1 RD , RD 2 RD RD I SS I SS VD1 VDD RD , VD 2 VDD RD RD 2 2
• Chopper stabilization – 1/f noise, offsets, drift
– Modulate the input signal up and demodulate the signal down to baseband – 1/f noise removed but thermal noise still existed – Suited for sensing μV‐level input signal circuits
SOA真题November2003Course8RC
SOA真题November2003Course8RCSOA真题November2003Course8RCSOA真题November2003Course8RCcourse 8: fall 2003 -1- go to next pageretirement benefits,comprehensive segment –canadamorning sessionsociety of actuaries course 8rc fall 2003**beginning of examination 8**comprehensive segment –canadamorning sessionall questions pertain to the case study1. (7 points) a noc executive with 30 years of service plans to retire one year from now atage 62. it is important to noc that the executive transitions to retirement over the nextfour years.(a) describe the benefit incentives that can be offered to help retain this executive.(b) if you were hired by this executive, provide yourrecommendation regarding thenegotiation of benefits.(c) explain how your answer to (a) would be different if the executive had only eightyears of service with noc.(d) identify the additional considerations that would exist if, instead of being hired bythe executive, you were hired by noc to provide advice to the executive.course 8: fall 2003 -2- go to next pageretirement benefits,comprehensive segment –canadamorning sessionall questions pertain to the case study2. (11 points) on june 30, 2003, noc purchased a non-participating annuity contract tocover the obligations of all the pensioners in the full-time hourly union pension plan.you are given:the contract cost was $125 million.as of june 30, 2003, noc has recorded half of its 2003 pension expense andcontributed half of its 2003 contribution.a discount rate of 6.0% was appropriate on june 30, 2003.valuation results as of june 30, 2003, immediately before the annuity purchase:using a 6.5%discount rateusing a 6.0%discount rate(all dollars in 000’s)aboactive participants $377,000 $400,000deferred vested participants 0 0pensioners 103,000 108,000total abo $480,000 $508,000service cost $24,000 $28,000market value of assets $320,000 $320,000average remaining service period 11.5 11.5(a) (5 points) calculate the pension expense for the year 2003. show all work.(b) (1 point) describe the additional considerations if a participating annuity contractwere purchased.(c) (3 points) explain how your answer to (a) would differ under ias 19 and therationale for the different requirements.(d) (2 points) describe the information noc will have to provide the insurer for thepurpose of obtaining a quote for the annuity contract.course 8: fall 2003 -3- go to next pageretirement benefits,comprehensive segment –canadamorning sessionall questions pertain to the case study3. (6 points) noc’s board of directors has established the following funding policy fornoc’s db erps: annual contributions equal to normal cost plus five-year amortizationof unfunded actuarial accrued liability. the cfo of noc is concerned about thevolatility of funding policy contributions.(a) explain the effects of different asset valuation methods on this volatility.(b) explain the effects of different asset class allocations on this volatility.course 8: fall 2003 -4- go to next pageretirement benefits,comprehensive segment –canadamorning sessionall questions pertain to the case study4. (12 points) the law in gevrey has been changed to permit voluntary employeecontributions of up to 5% of pay to a dc erp. the tax treatment of these contributionsis the same as for contributions to a ppa.noc has decided to change the full- time hourly union pension plan from a flat dollarplan to a final average earnings plan, and to add a dc erp for the union employees.the main provisions of the new plans are:db erpnormal retirement benefit: 1% of final five-year average earningstimes years of servicepost retirement indexing: 3% per yearoptional form of benefit: lump sumthe other provisions of the plan are the same as those inthe noc full-time hourlyunion pension plan.dc erpemployee contributions: voluntarymatching employer contributions: 100% match on the first 3% of employeecontributionsform of benefit: lump sum or periodic pension(a) critique the design of the new plans from the perspective of noc.(b) critique the design of the new plans from the perspective of the hourly unionemployees.(c) assess the current hourly plan asset allocation for the new db plan.(d) describe the considerations in setting investment options to be offered toparticipants in the dc erp.(e) predict the socio-economic effects of the change in the law in gevrey.course 8: fall 2003 -5- go to next pageretirement benefits,comprehensive segment –canada morning sessionall questions pertain to the case studySOA真题November2003Course8RC 相关内容:。
Lecture_8
12
Multi-period arithmetic attribution analysis
Arithmetic attribution method produces “time residuals” while linking over time
Q4 Q1 (Q4t Q1t )
Factor Modelling – Regression approach Uses regression analysis to determine factor contributions Risks of using correlated factors Difficult to define factors for specific assets classes, eg fund of hedge funds
Simplifications to remove the interaction effect Vary allocations first then select funds Or Select funds then vary allocations
Allocation | Benchmark Returns = Q2 – Q1
All these methods use some form of scaling to correct the period attributions so that when linked they yield the multi-period excess return
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Extended compounded notional portfolio (CNP) method
Performance attribution analysis must follow the investment process and mirror the investment style
国际学术交流英语教程unit8
Unit 8: Academic Writing1. Introduction to Academic WritingAcademic writing is a specific style of writing used in various fields of study, including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is characterized by its formal tone, structured organization, and use of evidence to support arguments. Academic writing is essential for scholars and researchers tomunicate their ideas and findings effectively to a wider audience.2. The Structure of an Academic PaperAn academic paper typically follows a structured format, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose, such as providing background information, presenting research methods, and interpreting the results. This organization helps readers navigate the content and understand the progression of the author's argument.3. Academic Language and StyleAcademic writing requires the use of precise and formal language to conveyplex ideas accurately. It is important to avoidcolloquial expressions, slang, and contractionsmonly used in informal writing. Additionally, writers should adhere to the conventions of academic style, such as using appropriate vocabulary, avoiding personal pronouns, and employing formal grammar and punctuation.4. Citations and ReferencingCiting sources accurately is a crucial aspect of academic writing. Writers must acknowledge the ideas and research of others by providing citations within the text and creating aprehensive list of references at the end of the paper. Different disciplines may use specific citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, so it is essential to follow the guidelines of the relevant academicmunity.5. Critical Thinking and AnalysisAcademic writing requires a high level of critical thinking and analysis. Writers must evaluate existing research, identify gapsin knowledge, and presentpelling arguments based on evidence. This process involves synthesizing information from multiple sources, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different perspectives, and developing original insights to contribute to the scholarly discourse.6. Writing StrategiesEffective academic writing involves several strategies to convey information clearly and persuasively. These may include outlining the m本人n points, using transitional phrases to connect ideas, structuring paragraphs logically, and revising the draft to refine the argument and language. Additionally, writers should pay attention to coherence and cohesion to ensure that the paper is well-organized and easy to follow.7. Academic Writing in Different DisciplinesWhile academic writing sharesmon principles across disciplines, there are also specific conventions and expectations within each field of study. For example, the writing style in the humanities may differ from that in the natural sciences, and the types of evidence used in social sciences may vary from those in engineering or medicine. Writers should familiarize themselves with the norms of their particular discipline to produce effective academic papers.8. ConclusionIn conclusion, academic writing is a fundamental skill for scholars and researchers tomunicate their ideas and contributeto the advancement of knowledge. By understanding the principles of academic writing, mastering the structure and language of academic papers, and honing critical thinking and analysis, writers can produce impactful and influential scholarly work.。
lecture eight Omission
According to the principle “faithfulness”, we know a translator has no right to subtract any meaning from the original work. But it doesn’t mean that translators should refrain from omitting any words at all in translation.
• to avoid unnecessary repetition to achieve the effect of succinctness to beautify the version rhetorically
三 The types of omission in
Chinese - English translation
一 The types of omission in English- Chinese translation
1) To omit personal pronoun
One must make painstaking efforts before one can succeed in mastering a foreign language.
The sun is setting down beyond the western hill.
日落西山。
The fear of being alone is a primary reason they are staying together.
对孤独的恐惧是他们走到一起的最主要原因
3）To omit impersonal pronoun
、幅度调制（ＰＤＦ）
DSB-SC 的波形特征：当()m t 为负时，()s t 的包络被翻了过来(图4.2.2)DSB-SC 的频谱特征：和AM 一样，都是双边带，带宽是基带的2倍，但没有载频线谱（假设()m t 不含直流）。
见图4.2.3。
标准调幅AM 和DSB-SC 都属于DSB 。
不过缺省情况下，我们说的DSB 指DSB-SC 。
四 SSBDSB 的两个边带是对称的，已知其中一个边带，等于已知两个边带。
因此，发送DSB 的时候，如果我们用滤波器切去一个边带，收端也应该有办法复原出DSB 或者()m t 。
这样的设计叫SSB 。
对于上单边带调制，()USB s t 的频谱是 ()DSB s t 频谱的上边带，其复包络()USB s t %就是()m t 的正频率部分，也即()USB s t %就是()m t 的解析信号，即()()()ˆUSB s t m t jm t =+%()()()ˆcos 2sin 2USB c c s t m t f t m t f t ππ=−显然，通过相干解调就可以解出 ()m t 。
对于下单边带，同理可得()()()ˆcos 2sin 2LSB c c s t m t f t m t f t ππ=+总之就是()()()ˆcos 2sin 2USB c c c s t A m t f t m t f t ππ= µ这个表达式说明，()SSB s t是由两个载波互相正交的DSB 构成的，后一个DSB 所起的作用就是为了抵消前一个DSB 中的一个边带。
这个结构显示出SSB 也可以用两个DSB 调制来实现（图4.2.13），这种实现方式叫正交调制法，而图4.2.11的方法叫滤波法。
另外，SSB 也可以这样解调：插入大载波来包络检波()()ˆcos 2cos 2sin 2USB c c c c c s A f t A A m t f t A m t f t πππ+=+ µ。
Lecture 8a - Portfolio Performance Evaluation 2016_17 v.51
Decomposing Risk
• So far, we have talked about the total risk, market risk and specific / unique risk of an asset • How do we define these? • How are these connected? • Learn these formulae!
1
Lecture 8a: Portfolio Performance Evaluation
Outline:
•
•
Decomposing Risk
Measuring investment returns
•
• •
Risk Adjusted Performance evaluation
Market timing Performance attribution
2
2
2
• Learn this! • Remember, Unsystematic = specific = idiosyncratic risk
7
Decomposition of risk (iii)
Beta Fund 1 1.5 Standard Deviation of Return 15% Standard Deviation of Market 5%
12
Measuring Returns: Logarithmic Returns
• Problem: Logarithmic Returns can’t handle total losses. • If Pi,t = 0, then:
0 Ri ,t ln ln 0 P i ,t 1
专八精品范文-课堂授课的讲演方式和讨论方式
专八精品范文-课堂授课的讲演方式和讨论方式●题目：●Directions: Some university classes employ a predominantly lecture-style format; otherclasses incorporate discussion and debate into class instruction. In your opinion, should lessons be taught in a 100% lecture-style format? Provide reasons to support your view.●一些大学的课程主要采用讲演的形式;其他课程将讨论和辩论纳入课堂教学。
在你看来，课程是否应该采用100%的讲演形式? 提供理由来支持你的观点。
●看到100%，我们都知道绝对化的观点大概率是错误的。
●注意：这里讨论的是大学课堂●题目：The Lecture Format versus the Discussion Format 课堂授课的讲演方式与讨论方式●段落：●第一段：作者首段运用先抑后扬的手法，先肯定讲演授课方式的重要性，随后提出全文观点: 讨论式课堂，师生受益较大。
●第一段：1⃣️（先引入背景：讲演方式教学的优点➡️讲演方式的教学占据市场这么多年，经受住时间的考验，当然具有很高的价值）以讲演为基础的授课方法已经接受了时间的考验，在学术的殿堂中一直发挥着重要的作用。
●Lecture-based instruction has weathered the test of time●and will always play a key role in the halls of academia.●经受得住时间的考验：weathered the test of time●经受得住：weather●时间的考验：the test of time●扮演重要角色：play a key role●学术的殿堂：the halls of academia●举一反三：“…的殿堂中”：the halls of …●（但是要说100%采取授课方式，未免太绝对，因为它也有不足）●第一段：2⃣️（讲演示教学的不足➡️现代教育方式在变化，讲演虽好，但是目前不适用于所有班型）确实对于人数较多的大班，只采用讲演的授课方式可能是唯一的选择。
2011年专八作文真题
2011年专八作文真题The 2011 CET-8 (College English Test Level 8) writing prompt was a controversial topic that required candidates to discuss the impact of the rapid development of technology on people's lives. This issue has been a hot topic for years and has sparked heated debates among people from different walks of life. The rapid advancement of technology has brought about significant changes to the way we live, work, and communicate. It has both positive and negative impacts on our lives, and it is essential to examine this issue from multiple perspectives.From an optimistic point of view, the rapid development of technology has greatly improved our lives in many aspects. The internet, for example, has revolutionized the way we access information, communicate with others, and conduct business. It has made the world a smaller place and has connected people from different corners of the globe. Moreover, technological advancements in medicine have led to the development of life-saving treatments and cures forvarious diseases, significantly improving the quality of life for many individuals. Additionally, technology has also made significant contributions to environmental protection and sustainable development, with the development of renewable energy sources and eco-friendly products.On the other hand, the rapid development of technology has also brought about various challenges and drawbacks. One of the most significant concerns is the impact of technology on employment. With the rise of automation and artificial intelligence, many traditional jobs are being replaced by machines, leading to unemployment and economic instability for many individuals. Furthermore, the excessive use of technology, such as smartphones and social media, has led to various social and psychological issues, including addiction, cyberbullying, and a decline in face-to-face communication. Additionally, the rapid advancement of technology has also raised concerns about privacy and security, as data breaches and cyber-attacks have become increasingly common.From a personal perspective, the rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on my life. On one hand, technology has made many aspects of my life more convenient and efficient. I can easily communicate with friends and family, access information, and complete tasks with the help of various technological devices and applications. However, I have also experienced the negative effects of technology, such as the addictive nature of social media and the constant pressure to stay connected and updated. It is essential for individuals to find a balance and use technology mindfully to avoid its negative impacts on their lives.In conclusion, the rapid development of technology has undoubtedly brought about significant changes to our lives, both positive and negative. It is crucial for us to carefully examine and understand the impacts of technology from multiple perspectives, and to use it in a way that enhances our lives without compromising our well-being. As we continue to embrace technological advancements, it is important to address the challenges and drawbacks that comewith it, and to work towards creating a harmonious relationship between technology and humanity.。
雅思托福写作08lecture范文
托福基础写作范文：dangerous sportsWhy do you think some people are attracted to do dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reason and examples to support your answer.开头：Many people are attracted to dangerous sports or similar activities.The reason for this may be that these people find a certain thrill or excitement in doing such activities. They can experience a sense of achievement in doing things most ordinary people dear not do.Many people are attracted to dangerous sports or similar activities. The reason for this may be that these people find a certain thrill or excitement in doing such activities. They can experience a sense of achievement in doing things most ordinary people dear not do.主体：第一段：Daredevils who constantly seek great excitement basically want to stand apart from the rest.They are ready to do dangerous things, consciously or unconsciously, trying to prove their different, boldness and individuality.People involved in dangerous sports like wrestling, bungee jumpingand other life-threatening activities would go to any length to prove their might and demonstrate their difference.Daredevils who constantly seek great excitement basically want to stand apart from the rest. They are ready to do dangerous things, consciously or unconsciously, trying to prove their different, boldness and individuality. People involved in dangerous sports like wrestling, bungee jumping and other life-threatening activities would go to any length to prove their might and demonstrate their difference.主体第二段：Performing risky stunts gives the participants a sense of achievement that helps them overcome their most terriblefear.It is human nature to feel extremely confident after overcoming the greatest fears in life, after coming so close todeath, yet escaping it!Many have tried unimaginably dangerous stunts just to gain fame for setting new world records or to be seen inshows or just to win prizes！Performing risky stunts gives the participants a sense of achievement that helps them overcome their most terrible fear. It is human nature to feel extremely confident after overcoming thegreatest fears in life, after coming so close to death, yet escaping it!Many have tried unimaginably dangerous stunts just to gain fame for setting new world records or to be seen in shows or just to win prizes！主体第三段：Some people are simply motivated by the sense of fun and excitement the will color their dull and boring lives.Sports like shy diving and bungee jumping have become popular among those who go though daily routines of monotonous office work.Dangerous as they are, these sports take those people away from their unbearable boredom for a while and surely as fun and enthusiasm to their life.Some people are simply motivated by the sense of fun and excitement the will color their dull and boring lives. Sports like shy diving and bungee jumping have become popular among those who go though daily routines of monotonous office work. Dangerous as they are, these sports take those people away from their unbearable boredom for a while and surely as fun and enthusiasm to their life.结尾段：All in all, dangerous sports and activities basically attract those thrill-loving people who want to stand a class apart by proving their individuality to the world around them, or those who enjoy the sense ofachievement drawn from surmounting fear in face of danger, or those depressed by repetitive lifestyles.范文：Many people are attracted to dangerous sports or similar activities. The reason for this may be that these people find a certain thrill or excitement in doing such activities. They can experience a sense of achievement in doing things most ordinary people dear not do.Daredevils who constantly seek great excitement basically want to stand apart from the rest. They are ready to do dangerous things, consciously or unconsciously, trying to prove their different, boldness and individuality. People involved in dangerous sports like wrestling, bungee jumping and other life-threatening activities would go to any length to prove their might and demonstrate their difference.Performing risky stunts gives the participants a sense of achievement that helps them overcome their most terrible fear. It is human nature to feel extremely confident after overcoming the greatest fears in life, after coming so close to death, yet escaping it! Many have tried unimaginably dangerous stunts just to gain fame for setting new world records or to be seen in shows or just to win prizes！Some people are simply motivated by the sense of fun and excitement the will color their dull and boring lives. Sports like shy diving and bungee jumping have become popular among those who gothough daily routines of monotonous office work. Dangerous as they are, these sports take those people away from their unbearable boredom for a while and surely as fun and enthusiasm to their life.Dangerous sports and activities basically attract those thrill-loving people who want to stand a class apart by proving their individuality to the world around them, or those who enjoy the sense of achievement drawn from surmounting fear in face of danger, or those depressed by repetitive lifestyles.范文：advertising tell a countryTopic：Do you agree or disagree?Advertising can tell you a lot about a country.广告能够告知咱们关于一个国家很多。
Unit1+Developing+ideas课件2022-2023学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册
if引导的条件状语 从句
as引导的原因状语 从句
Paraphrase: When Twain replied that he didn't have a ticket, the barber told him that he would have to stand if he wanted to go to the lecture, for there were no seats left in the theatre.
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Activity 3 Complete the diagram.
1. human behaviour 2. entertain 3. sensitive or emotive issues 4. combine humour 5. serious messages 6. funny and often mischievous 7. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 8. “That‘s just my luck. I always have
Discuss and present your opinion of the equation from the passage.
Lecture 8 for class 6
Handout for Class 6December 21, 2013 Lecture 8 Exposition (IV): Ways of paragraph/essay developmentStudents’ essaysSample 1It is said that knowledge can change fate,from which we can see how indispensable knowledge is to us .With strong professional knowledge,we are likely to be admitted to some companies we relatively satisfied with.It means the job provided is adjusted to our majors or the treatment and condition provided are pretty good.Rich extra-curricular knowledge is also important,which widens our sight ,riches our lives ,improves our personal accomplishment and so on.What’s more,we all know that knowledge tells human beings from animals and brings intelligence and skills even colorful life to us.However,knowledge can’t guarantee success.Someone just regards knowledge as t he only way to change their fate.They are crazy about taking in knowledge but turning bookish.They don’t realize that knowledge is limited in practice.Sometimes we process the knowledge but we may use it not well if we put it into application.One way to make up for it is to experience more.There is so much experience we need in career,in life and even in academic studies.It helps us to be more confident and perfect.By practicing,we can easily understand something and find certain interest that knowledge ca n’t give us.Certainly,from experience we can also obtain knowledge which can be more memorable. (197 words, Liu Tongtong)Sample 2Books are the ladder of human progress. With the development of our economy, the importance of knowledge is more and more obvious, especially science and technology since they became the motive power of the social development. Compared with experience, book knowledge is more depth and breadth. From books we can not only broaden our horizon, live the life we have never experienced, but our curiosity are inspired to explore the unknown things which contribute to creation and practice. Furthermore, books are the summary of our ancestors’ wisdom. Reading books so that we won’t make the same mistakes and can get success easier. As fo r students, only obtaining enough book knowledge can they meet the demand of the society then have the chance to live a better life.But at the meantime, book knowledge also has many drawbacks. On the one hand, not everything we have learned is contained i n books. They didn’t teach us how to get along with others, know the responsibility we should undertake, and make decisions for ourselves. On the other hand, not everything written in books is right. We must admit that under the drive of fortune and fame, some authors write books without logic or the basic of facts that may direct a wrong way.So, what can we do to make the knowledge more perfect? I think the answer is practice experience. It’s widely acknowledged that “Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. “ Every theory in books must test from practice experience or they are just imagined. What’s more, experience is from our daily life, no doubt it suits for us and won’t be forgotten. (244 words, Liu liu)Sample 3Knowledge or ExperienceKnowledge comes first. There are many occasions when only reading books can do the work. Since you are feeling like to seek for some information about the ancient time, say the history, by yourself, how can you experience it yourself? In that case, you can only turn to the books. furthermore, not all of us can be a professional scientist and do research in what we are fond of personally, so it is time for us to just heading into books to find out what we are interested in, only by this way can we get what we want.Be that as it may, experience should never be neglect. Being an armchair strategist will by no means be a wise way. There are many cases, so to speak, unless you experience it on your own, you’d never know what the exact feeling is. For instances, the first time to be a parent, the feeling of being weightless in space, the sharp sense of dying, can you merely reading oceans of books and tell us your feeling? Or, remember those times when your math teacher asked you to read many reference books and conducted many examples on the blackboard, and you thought you have known all, until you finally found out how difficult it was to do it yourself? This is where experience matters lie.Nevertheless, we should never stick to one side and forget about how well they function with each other. Knowledge and experience are of the same importance. All books and no work is no more than a so-called know-it-all architect without even having built a hut, while all work and no book is no less than a plant without its roots. So, let’s combine them together and make a great success! (297 words, Liu Cui)Sample 4Knowledge or ExperienceKnowledge is priceless. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won’t repeat the mistakes of others and build on their achievements.Knowledge, however, is too abstract and theoretical. For one thing, most of the knowledge we learned is useless in real life. Such as, we study higher mathematics. For another, most people are still difficult to understand the knowledge of books as it is too abstract. They need much experience in careers, in life and in academic studies.One way to compensate for it is to experience. Experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful things. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. (258 words, Liu Xingcen)。
学术英语听力8答案及原文
BDDAB1.2.3.4.5.Professor: You know, class, today we live in what's becoming essentially a single, worldwide civilization. There're still a few isolated areas that haven't hooked up to it yet, I guess, but the Africans are driving Toyotas, the Americans love sushi, the Chinese are shopping for Gucci bags, and the young people of Russia and Iran and Peru all wear Levi jeans and listen to rock music.The greatest impetus for this globalization today is no doubt the internet, but one of the first major drivers of globalization came into being about two thousand years ago. It was the Great Silk Road, which was the oldest, longest, and most historically significant trade route in the world, and it significantly changed the cultures of almost all of continental Eurasia.The Silk Road wasn't actually a single road, though. It was actually a network of trade routes between China and Italy, and it ran thousands of kilometers through and over and around the T aklimakan and Gobi Deserts, the Himalayas, and the Karakorum and Kunlun mountain ranges, through some of the most inhospitable geography on earth. Travelling across this vast area was difficult, to say the least, and it took centuries for these trade routes to reach completion.The route from the West apparently began developing earlier. The Persian Empire controlled a large portion of the Middle East- from Syria to the kingdoms of India- so trade between these nations was already affecting, uh, influencing, their cultures. Then, when Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 330 BC, trade expanded into southern Europe, and Greek culture was extended as far east as what is now Afghanistan. Alexander's empire itself did not actually last very long, but waves of succeeding ruling peoples in this crossroads area brought their cultural elements into the mix, too. In the Gandara culture of northern Pakistan, for instance, Buddhist and Greek art was fused into a unique form, where many of the carved Buddhist idols strongly resemble statues of the Greek hero, Herakles.The Silk Road developed more slowly from the East. Its first big impetus came during the Hanwestward and sent out emissaries even farther west in search of allies. In 125 BC, one of theira new, large breed of horse that would be invaluable for the Han cavalry. The emperor wascalled, were obtained, and Chinese trade missions eventually pushed through to Persia,Actually, the Silk Road's name wasn't coined until the nineteenth century, and silk was never its main commodity, though that fabric must have been very remarkable to Europeans, and it was certainly in demand. The road's most significant commodity was probably religion- primarily Buddhism, but to a lesser extent, Christianity and Islam as well. Buddhism surged east from northern India in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, where it later reached its height of development in China and Japan.Meanwhile, the secret of silk production - which had been carefully hidden from foreigners- was finally discovered. In the mid-sixth century, the Byzantine emperor, Justinian, quickly sent secret agents to China to bribe silk experts and bring back some silkworm eggs. A Christian monk smuggled these eggs out, and after this time, silk was also produced in southern Europe.The Silk Road's greatest years of art and civilization came in the seventh century, during the T ang Dynasty. In 754 AD, one of the largest Asian cities, Changan, at the eastern end of the road, boasted a population of more than five thousand foreigners from all over Eurasia. After this time, however, the internal stability of China began dissolving, and robbers and neighboring states increasingly pillaged the Silk Road caravans. Eventually, sea trade and sea travel began to supersede these slow, unsafe land routes.Nevertheless, five hundred years later, the Silk Road was still viable enough to inspire its greatest chronicler, Marco Polo, whose book, "Book Million", so famously told of his nearly twenty-five years of travel- from 1271 to1295- along its length, and his travelogue still captivates the reader with the wonders he saw along the Great Silk Road.。
选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility(学生版)
1．barely ad v.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才2．cigar n．雪茄烟3．keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于be keen on sth对某事物感兴趣或热衷4．jaw n．颌；下巴5．scar n．伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点6．eyebrow n．眉毛7．scarfpin n．领带别针，围巾夹8．diamond n．钻石9．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的10．collar n．衣领；颈圈；圈，箍11．bless v t.祝福12．inch n．英寸；少量，短距离13．outline v t.概述，略述n．概述；轮廓线，略图14．wire v t.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n．金属丝；电线；铁丝网15．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的16．anyhow ad v.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地17．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条18．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的19．burden n．(责任、义务等的)重担，负担20．geophysicist n．地球物理学家21．core adj.核心的，最重要的n．核心，最重要的部分22．resign v t.& v i.辞职，辞去resign from...辞去……23．ward n．病房24．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的25．mineral n．矿物，矿物质26．superb adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的27．cheat v t.欺骗，蒙骗v i.作弊，舞弊28．wrap v t.包，裹，用……缠绕n．披肩，围巾；包裹材料29．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地v t.裹好，打包30．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓v i.鞠躬；低(头)31．nephew n．侄子，外甥32．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕v t.& v i.起皱纹，皱起33．pause v i.停顿，暂停n．停顿，停顿的时间34．sew v i.& v t.(sewed，sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上35．embrace v t.& v i.欣然接受；包含；拥抱36．phase n．阶段，时期37．anchor n．锚；给以安全感的人(或物) v i.& v t.抛锚；使固定38．likewise ad v.同样地；也，而且39．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期40．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点find fault with sb/sth挑……的毛病41．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点42．integrity n．诚实正直；完整，完好43．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的；生物的44．starfish n．海星，星鱼45．garbage n．垃圾；废话46．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金47．bonus n．意外收获；奖金，红利48．jade n．玉，碧玉49．sow v t.& v i.(sowed，sown)播种，种50．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割v t.& v i.收割，捕猎51．rejoice v i.& v t.非常高兴，深感欣喜52．quote n．引语，原话v t.& v i.引用，引述；举例说明53．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely v i.依靠；依赖54．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n．无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白55．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legally ad v.法律上，合法地→illegally ad v.违法地，非法地56．socialist adj.社会主义的n．社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会→socialism n．社会主义57．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术58．guidance n．指导；导航→guide v t.带领；引导n．向导under the guidance of sb在某人的指导下59．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.使人灰心的，使人泄气的→discourage v t.阻止，使气馁→discouragement n．泄气，灰心60．tear down拆毁，拆除61．make one’s fortune发财62．lose contact失去联系63．weigh on sb/sth使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担64．on the beat在巡逻中65．turn up出现，到场；卷起；调高66．pull out离开，撤离；拔出，取出67．make a difference有影响，有关系68．in store贮藏着；等待着；将要发生69．In the doorway of a store stood a man，with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装)商店门口站着一个男人，嘴里叼着一支没有点燃的雪茄。
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• Service granularity
• Business process and rules
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
Service-Oriented Model &Architecture (SOMA)
• SOAmeta-model
• SOAlayer model • SOA architecture document template
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA Meta-model - a conceptual model
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
What is SOA?
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architecture to • provide/consume services without knowing implementation of services or underlying platform/programming environment • services are published/discovered/requested through a formally defined interface that is independent to platforms • focus on integrating services with business processes a paradigm not bound to a particular platform or technology
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern Service-OrientedAnalysis & Design (SOAD)
• Service identification and definition • Domain decomposition • Naming conventions
Service-Oriented Methodology
• service-oriented analysis
• service-oriented design
• service-oriented analysis & design (SOAD) • service-modeling • service-oriented modeling • service-oriented model & architecture (SOMA)
Architectural decisions
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern 15
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA architecture document template (cont’d)
Business process and composition layer Business processes to be represented Architectural decisions Access or presentation layer Document implications of Web services and SOA Integration layer <Include considerations of an ESB> Security issues and decisions Performance issues and decisions Technology and standards limitations and decisions Monitoring and management of services
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA Layer Model
- an abstract view of the layered architecture
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
SOA/WS Principles
Service Loose coupling - Services maintain a relationship that minimizes dependencies Service contract - Services are defined collectively by one or more service description documents Service abstraction - Beyond what is described in the service contract, services hide logic from the outside world Service reusability - Logic is divided into services with the intention of promoting reuse Service autonomy – Services have control over the logic they encapsulate Service statelessness – Services minimize retaining information specific to an activity Service discoverability – Services are designed to be outwardly descriptive so that they can be found and assessed via available discovery mechanism
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern 2
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA Definitions
Open Group SOADefinition (SOA-Definition) OASIS SOAReference Model (SOA-RM)
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern 5
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern 3
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
What Is Service-OrientedArchitecture? ()
What is Service-OrientedArchitecture? () Webopedia definition
TechEncyclopedia definition
OMG SOASpecial Interest Group definition definition
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
Lecture 8 Service-Oriented Architecture
• What is SOA?
• SOAReference Model • SOAAnalysis and Design (SOAD) • SOAModeling andArchitecture (SOMA)
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern 16
SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA Modeling Method
SoftwareArchitecture and Design Pattern
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SoftwareArchitecture & Design Pattern
SOA architecture document template
Scope <what area of the enterprise is this architecture for?>
Operational systems layer Packaged applications Custom applications Architectural decisions Enterprise components layer Functional areas business domains, goals and processes Decisions regarding governance Criteria
• business-driven development (BDD)