全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)高分应试教程(概括大意与完成句子技巧指南及专项训练)
全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)高分应试教程(完形填空技巧指南及专项训练)
第7章完形填空技巧指南及专项训练7.1 命题分析1. 题型概述完形填空部分为一篇300～450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给了4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择最佳答案，使短文意思完整，文理通顺、结构严谨、主题明确。
2. 命题特点◆考查目标完形填空部分主要考查应试者结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力。
◆选材原则该部分文章的主题一般涉及社会和文化或经济方面，有时也有可能会出现主题与自然地理卫生健康或科技相关的文章。
文章难度略低于阅读理解部分的文章难度。
完形填空考题通常从当年《职称英语等级考试用书》上选取，但具体考点会有所变化．如：重新设置空格、调整备选项顺序、更改备选项等，因此考生在备考完形填空时应以考试用书中的完形填空练习题为主。
◆考点分析完形填空考题的设计一般是从以下三个方面出发的：(1)语法结构，(2)词法结构，(3)上下文之间的逻辑关系。
具体总结如下：(1)常见词、短语的含义和用法；(2)近义词、反义词的含义和用法辨析；(3)形近词、短语的含义和用法辨析；(4)上下文用词/文章中心词/短语结构；(5)涉及句子之间逻辑关系（逻辑连词/副词），句子之间内容上的呼应（代词）；从句与主句逻辑关系（从句连词）；表述修饰和被修饰成分之间的逻辑关系（介词）。
由于完形填空的文章围绕一个话题展开，是一个意义相关联的语篇，因此解题时应理解文章的意思，推导相应的逻辑关系，或联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等，这些词往往能暗示空白处缺少的意思是什么。
此类题主要考查考生对语篇整体性、一致性、连贯性的把握，辨清句与句、段与段之间的因果、对比、递进、让步、转折、并列等逻辑关系。
常见的表示逻辑关系的词有：a.并列关系and, or, neither nor, either or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to sayb.递进关系then, besides, in addition, additionally, moreover, what is more, further more.c.因果关系because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so that, consequently, accordingly, as a resultd.让步关系although, though, even though, even if, despite, in spite of, nevertheless7.2 解题步骤完形填空的题步骤是：1. 细读标题和首句，推测全文职称英语考试中完形填空的考题文章通常都有标题，而且首句一般不设空白(有时首句虽不是主题句，但往往与主题密切相关，其作用常常是为主题句做铺垫)，因此通过标题和首句可以了解文章全貌，判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，从而启发我们对全文的理解。
职称英语概括大意题全攻略
职称英语概括大意题全攻略职称英语概括大意题全攻略导语：还在为职称英语概括大意题发愁吗?快来看看FLA学习网为你准备的职称英语概括大意题全攻略，助你突破职称英语难关。
由于“概括大意与完成句子”是相对独立的两种题型，下面就其各自的特点介绍做题步骤及技巧。
但是，它们两者都是出自同一篇原文，所以，在做的时候，也应当留意他们之间是否存在着什么信息和联系，如果在选项中出现，那么就要充分重视这些选项，因为错误或干扰项不可能出现两次，只有一种可能，就是它们是出自原文的，正确的选项，这一点也可以用来印证你的选项是否正确。
因此，做这大题时要留多一个心眼哦。
下面进展分类讲解。
它是考题第23-26题，是要求就给定要考的短文四个段落进展概括段落大意，在六个给出的选项中分别选出与其各段落大意相符的选项句子，也就是在6个选项句子中选出与要考的段落大意(中心思想、主题或核心内容)一致的正确答案，6个选项中有两个干扰项，短文中只考4个段落。
如何让4上选项正确的对号入座呢?这类题的关键是首先要确定各选项句子的关键词，接着是确定能表达要考段落大意的中心句或中心词，最后是用选项关键词与中心句、中心词进展比照，一个个确定正确答案。
做题总思路：目标明确，直奔主题。
做这类题就是要在6个选项中确定4个与要考4个段落大意相一致的正确答案，只需要考虑4个要考段落和6个选项，所以，我们要采用把段落变成句子，把句子变成单词的化整为零的方法来做。
做这类题的总思路就是：首先确定各6个选项句子的关键词，接着是确定能表达要考段落大意的中心句或中心词，最后是用选项关键词与中心句、中心词进展比照，意思相同或相近者就是了。
做此类题分以下4步走：1)第一步：一步到位，快速确定6个选项的关键词。
由于是概括段落大意，选项句子的关键词一定是实义词，一般也就是句子的名词(专有名词)、数词及其短语。
确定选项句子关键词的方法可参照“阅读判断题”的“做题步骤技巧的第一步”的方法，两者根本雷同，并且确定选项关键词更简单，就是实义词。
职称英语考试技巧：概括大意与完成句子解题步骤
职称英语考试概括大意与完成句子解题步骤一、概括大意职称英语考试概括大意题型要求：文章由若干段组成，要求给每段找一个小标题。
小标题即该段的段落大意、中心思想、主旨。
本题型不是要求写出每段话的小标题，这样不好评判对错，而是要求从选项列表中选择。
概括大意题型以选择题的形式出现，避免了考生答题的盲目性和阅卷人员在阅卷过程中由于某些主观因素而产生的错误、误差，从而增进了考试的可信度。
在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往多余要求加小标题的段落数，也就是说，有若干个干扰选项。
（一）概括短文大意的解题步骤由于这种题型比较新颖，对多数考生来说可能有点不适应，不知如何下手。
其实，这种题型相对来说不算难。
概括大意题型的实质是让考生给每段文字“命”一个小标题。
而要“命”车这个标题就必须确定每段文字的主题思想。
如何确定文章的主题思想？考虑一下人们的写作和逻辑思维过程，这个问题就容易回答了。
我们在写一篇短文时，总要分几个段落来写，而每个段落都有自己的一个观点、论点或主旨。
要阐述它，作者就必须展开他的观点或论点，一定要作补充、说明、解释或举例，以支持所提出的问题。
反映作者观点、论点或主旨的句子通常叫主题句。
主题句往往体现了每一段或整个文章的主题思想。
那么，找到了段落的主题就抓住了它的主题思想，标题就容易确定了。
看来，要概括出每段的段落大意，就必须先找到每段的主题句。
每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的小标题不可能是同一个选项。
这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将它们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说明不同的内容。
如果两段的主旨相同，即表达的中心思想一致，应该将它们合为一段，就没有必要分为两段了。
1.不要先看选项，而要从文章入手，读一段话就做一道题。
先不要看选项，而要先读文章。
读文章的时候，不要一下把文章读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。
这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。
先看大标题，然后仔细阅读每段文字，理解段落的首句及尾句，尽量找到段落的主题句。
职称英语综合类A级-26
职称英语综合类A级-26(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I"m very glad to draft the letter for you.（分数：1.00）A.reviseB.clarifyC.formulate √D.contribute解析：[解析] 本句意思：我很乐意为你草拟这封信。
draft意为“起草，草拟”，与formulate(制订)意思相近。
revise修改，修订；clarify澄清；contribute做贡献，起作用。
2.The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.（分数：1.00）A.departedB.separated √C.fledD.spread解析：[解析] 本句意思：爆炸声把栖息在树丛中的鸟群惊散了。
scatter意为“散开，驱散，使分散”，与separate(使分离，分散)意思相近。
depart离开，出发；flee逃走，消失；spread展开，散布。
3.This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction , because so many are being killed for their fur.（分数：1.00）A.drying upB.dying out √C.being exportedD.being transplanted解析：[解析] 本句意思：这种动物濒临灭绝，因为人们为了获取它们的毛皮把它们中的大多数都给杀死了。
extinction意为“灭绝，绝迹”，与die out(灭绝，消失)意思相近。
dry up擦干；export出口；transplant 移植。
4.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.（分数：1.00）A.challengedB.assumed √C.deductedD.decreed解析：[解析] 本句意思：据推测，到2000年，治愈该病的方法将会被研究出来。
全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)高分应试教程(全国职称英语等级考试介绍)
第1章全国职称英语等级考试介绍1.1 考试简介职称英语考试，全称为全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试，其考试对象为专业技术人员。
这项考试的目的是考查专业技术人员的英语能力，其考查结果直接影响对考查对象的晋级与职称评定。
通过下面这些信息的介绍，使备考者在准备的最初阶段能对该考试有个科学的认识。
1. 考试概况全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。
本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。
A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
2. 考试形式人事部组织的全国统一标准的职称外语考试，采取统一大纲、闭卷笔试的形式进行。
3. 考试划分在中央批准的各专业技术职务试行条例中，对不同系列、不同职务层次专业技术人员的外语能力都做出了规定。
凡依据相应专业技术职务条例受聘担任相应专业技术职务的人员，均应按照《关于专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的通知》（人发[1998]54号）规定的范围，报名参加相应语种、级别的外语水平测试。
全国职称外语等级考试划分对照表1.2 考试大纲一、评价目标全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试主要考查专业技术人员的阅读理解能力。
考试总的目标是在2小时内完成相应级别所要求量的阅读材料并能正确理解。
具体来说：申报A级的人员应完成3000词左右的阅读任务；申报B级的人员应完成2600词左右的阅读任务；申报C级的人员应完成2200词左右的阅读任务。
为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：(一)词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。
全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)高分应试教程(补全短文技巧指南及专项训练)
第6章补全短文技巧指南及专项训练6.1 命题分析1. 题型概述补全短文的考试方式为；给出一篇300～450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身，要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应的位置。
这部分考题从出题者的原意来说是要考生把握文章结构，掌握作者思路，但实际上解此类题是句子或短语，搭配及语义搭配的综合运用。
这部分文章的难度与阅读理解难度相当。
2. 命题特点这类题要求根据给定短文（原文）的意思，在6个选项句子（陈述句）中分别选出5个符合语法知识、逻辑结构和前后内容意思衔接的选项，补充到原文划线的填充处，使原文成为一篇意思完整、前后连贯的短文，所以这类题实际上是段落填充题。
这类题本意是要考查较高的阅读能力、基础知识（语法、词汇等）和综合逻辑思维推理能力，其难度较大，是最令人头痛的题型。
◆选材原则综合类A级补全短文考题中，所选择的文章主题基本上都与社会或文化有关。
有时也会出现其他类主题的文章，如：自然，科技等。
文章主题较容易理解。
文章通常是选择职称英语用书以外的难度相当的文章。
◆考点分析补全句子考题涉及到的考点通常与上下文之间意义关系的判别有关：上下文之间所形成的“因果关系”，“转折关系”，“并列关系”，“对比关系(过去现在情况的对比，或两种相关情况的对比)”，“(句子结构和语义呼应的)排比关系”，“观点＋解释”，“现象＋概括”，“概括＋分析”。
补全短文考题中通常会针对文章中特殊的语句设置考点：定义性的句子，文章主题句，涉及文章主题相关背景的句子，观点句，概括句，细节信息句等。
6.2 应试技巧解答此类题目需要运用综合分析排除法。
1. “符合语法结构”的确定可能性和综合排除。
◆特指事物(某物或某事)前后单复数一致原则此项原则主要对照中心词名词和代词。
如果选项句子的中心词特指事物与填充处前后句子特指的同一事物单复数一致，这个选项就有可能是正确选项，反之，则应当排除之；◆特指事物(某物或某事)后用代词原则此项原则主要对照中心词名词和代词。
职称英语考试概括大意必杀技
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职称英语考试概括大意与完成句子必杀技
概括大意主要考查应试者归纳段落主题思想的能力，完成句子主要考查应试者掌握短文细节内容的能力。
这两种题型基本能够考核各种阅读技能。
概括大意与完成句子所列出的选项，每个都只能用一次，也就是每段的段落大意不可能是同一个选项。
并且，所列出的选项多于文章段落的数目，这样就加大了考试的难度。
解答这类题时，既要抓住文章的大意，找出关键词，又需要运用阅读技巧，从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的细节及事实。
一、必杀技
1.概括大意（4题）：先阅读题目的要求，了解需要概括哪四个段落的大意，然后阅读那四个段落的首尾句并与每个答案选项进行对比，如果选项中大部分词或者词组与段落的首尾句中的词或词组重合得最多的可能为正确答案。
2.完成句子（4题）：先阅读题目并找出题目中的关键词，然后回到文章中进行关键词的定位，最后把文章中关键词附近的词或词组与答案选项进行对比，重合得最多的可能为正确答案。
二、详解：
1.概括大意其实就是找文章各段落主题句，而段落主题句往往就是该段落的首尾句。
2.完成句子其实就是告诉你一句话的一部分让你找另一部分。
利用定位关键词找到了这句话在文章中的位置，则确定另一部分就不难了。
职称英语综合类A级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破
职称英语综合类A级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A New Citizenship Test1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.2 "The goal is to make it more meaningful," explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better "understanding and respect" for US civic (公民的) values, Gonzalez says.3 The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores (风俗)".4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, affer the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (少数民族聚居区) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.5 Officials believe that a person's attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. "Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?" says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟).（分数：24.00）(1).A. Preparation for taking a citizenship testB. Citizenship tests in European countriesC. Importance of promoting integrationD. Necessity to know the branches of governmentE. Different views on the new citizenship testF. Goal of the new citizenship testParagraph 2 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(5).A. to know a lot more about the countryB. to watch a videoC. to help immigrants accept the new cultureD. to marry American citizensE. to do low-skill jobsF. to answerThe questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(6).Would-be immigrants to the US are expected ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(7).In the Dutch citizenship test, all would- be immigrants are required ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(8).Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：Can Mobile Phones Cause Disease?1 "Mobile phone killed my man," screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly (假定地) showing how mobile phones heat the brain.2 For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a different story. According to them, there is no evidence that mobile phones cause cancer or any other illness in people.3 What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones' emissions have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can't be explained by the general radiation biology. And it's only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that we'll be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the head.4 One of the odd effects comes from the now famous "memory loss" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave emissions of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were just as good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen whether or not the device was switched on. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. "I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory," he says.5 Another expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses (突触) exposed to microwaves become more-rather than less-receptive (感受的) to undergoing changes linked to memory formation.6 Hopefully, microwaves might turn out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California, found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours whengiven a cancer-causing chemical.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Bad ResultsB. Wide spread OppositionC. Groundless AnxietyD. No Effect on Short-term MemoryE. Mysterious EffectsF. Further ReassuranceParagraph 2 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：(5).A. different messagesB. is hopedC. public attentionD. solid evidenceE. attracted public attentionF. public anxietyThere is no ______ to indicate that mobile phones cause any illness.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(6).It ______ that mobile phones might be good for health.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(7).The safety problem with mobile phones has ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(8).Tattersall said for sure that the ______ over memory loss caused by mobile phones was ungrounded.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's successin heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U. S. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. " Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3, 000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is.. "You only fail when you quit. "5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the U. S. $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Importance of learning from failureB. Quality shared by most innovatorsC. Edison's innovationD. Edison's comment on failureE. Contributions made by innovatorsF. Miseries endured by innovatorsParagraph 2 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(5).A. he developed 3, 000 theoriesB. he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoesC. he found himself an unsuccessful manD. they quittedE. an innovation should work immediatelyF. failure is the mother of successPeople often didn't realize how close they were to success when ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(6).Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car, ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(7).Walt Disney was once so poor that ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(8).The media demand that ______.（分数：3.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：Stanford University1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern California's several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West. " The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen per cent of their high school classes.3 Not only because of the high caliber (素质) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has been in residence. Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.4 What is student life like on "The Farm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the university's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union's coffee house; here the beverages (饮料) and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.5 In addition to financial support from alumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic (慈善的) foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Colorful Life on CampusB. Intelligent Student BodyC. School AdministrationD. Distinguished FacultyE. Substantial Financial SupportF. The Harvard of the WestParagraph 2 ______（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ______（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：(5).A. they can find the best studentsB. the university's academic advancement and physical extensionC. some of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD. where a sports meet is held every yearE. must have been the top students in their classesF. must be hard workingThose high school graduates who can enter Stanford University ______.（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：(6).Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here ______.（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：(7).On the faculty of the university there are ______.（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(8).Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible ______.（分数：3.50）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：。
职称英语综合A概括大意题及答案
职称英语综合A概括大意题及答案职称英语综合A概括大意精选题及答案在复习阶段，大家一定要多练习题，掌握考题的规律，掌握常考的知识，这样有助于提高大家的分数。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年职称英语综合A概括大意精选题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——-30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段的每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Gap of Lifespan between Men and Women(1) People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl,about 79. this is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿) of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example,described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then--the gap is growing.(2) A number of reasons have been proposed to explain the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized (个体的) societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work stress that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism (酗酒). Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).(3) Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy (差异). It was once suggested that working women are more likelyto smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.(4) Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming (令人担忧的) promptness (迅速).(5) Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually ( 几乎) all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences beginat the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages ( 流产 ). In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.23. paragraph 1 __________24. paragraph 2 __________25. paragraph 3 __________26. paragraph 4 __________A. Much Male MiscarriagesB. The Reason for the Gap Grows DifferentC. The Greater Longevity of Women.D. Health Is More Strongly Related to Their Emotion,,E. Women Are Living Longer than MenF. Example for the Age Discrepancy27——30补全句子27. Ababy boy live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79, this has __________28. Women are less likely to work stress that may raise the risk of __________29. More women smoking and they still have __________30. The phenomenon is not isolated to humans __________A. has impact onB. a wide gapC. a longer lifeD. animal speciesE. different societiesF. heart disease and alcoholism第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23.D。
职称英语真题答案解析：综合类A级概括大意
职称英语真题答案解析：综合类A级概括大意2011职称英语考试已于3月26日结束，2011职称英语真题答案解析：综合类A 级概括大意阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
23. Paragraph 1：F根据第一段的第一句和最后一句总结，可知跟group有关，综合全段内容，会发现F最合适。
24. Paragraph 2：E根据第一句，可知与skilled leader有关，再看其他句子，可知leader的重要性，选E。
25. Paragraph 3：C根据第三段第一句话，似乎native-born是重点，再看其他句子，特别是这句“most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught”，可知taught才是重点，D项排除，剩下的选项中只有C项比较符合。
26. Paragraph 4：A剩下ABD项未选，根据第四段第一句，似乎跟training courses有关，很容易误选B，但是不能轻易选择选项，还需要看完本段其他的内容，综合考虑。
其他句子，都是跟leaders’qualities 有关，分析A选项，是说作为一个好领导，必须具备许多的品质;而B项的意思是，这些技巧被用来培养领导。
只有第一句跟这个选项有些关联，但是其他的句子都跟training courses无关，倒是跟qualities 有关。
再分析一下第一句，这句话其实也是跟qualities有关的，所以综合考虑，排除B选项，应该选A。
A.A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B.These techniques are used to train leaders.C.Training can make a good leaders.D.Most of good leaders are natural-born.E.It’s important to have a good leader.F.People are in groups.27. One of the major keys to success is A来源：根据第一段最后一句，“It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people in one of the major keys to success, partly because we need to do it so often.”可知选A。
2019年职称英语综合A级概括大意练习及答案1
2019年职称英语综合A级概括大意练习及答案1概括大意与完成句子题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第1－4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2－5段每段选择1个准确的小标题；（2）第5－8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个准确选项，分别完成每个句子。
Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell-phone （手机）. The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze （错综复杂） of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight （点亮着的）in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is： "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records （Geffen's company） and the Titanic （the ship that went down） was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits （成功的作品） he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.1 Paragraph 2_________.2 Paragraph 3_________.3 Paragraph 4_________.4 Paragraph 5_________.A Importance of learning from failureB Quality shared by most innovatorsC Edison's innovationD Edison's comment on failureE Contributions made by innovatorsF Miseries endured by innovators5 People often didn't realize how close they were to success when________.6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model Tcar,________.7 Walt Disney was once so poor that_________.8 The media demand that_________.A he developed 3,000 theoriesB he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoesC he found himself an unsuccessful manD they quittedE an innovation should work immediatelyF failure is the mother of success【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E。
全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)高分应试教程(阅读理解技巧指南及专项训练)
第5章阅读理解技巧指南及专项训练5.1 命题分析1. 题型概述阅读理解部分为三篇300～450词的短文，每篇文章后有5道题，要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每道题所给的4个选项中选出1个最佳答案。
2. 命题特点◆考查内容大纲对阅读的要求为：能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断，领会作者的观点和态度。
考核包括三个层次：句子层次、语篇层次和推理判断层次。
在考试的所有题型中，阅读理解的得分权重最大，占试卷总分的45％。
阅读理解试题考核考生的下述能力：A. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；B. 了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；C. 既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；D. 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系，理解文章的深层含义。
在试卷命题中，这些能力又进一步细分为以下几项技能：A. 理解明确表达的概念或细节；B. 理解隐含表达的概念或细节，通过判断句子的交际功能来理解文章；C. 辨别文章的中心思想；D. 理解作者的观点和态度；E. 猜测词和短语的意思；F. 句子层次的理解；G. 篇章层次的理解；H. 通过略读了解文章大意；I. 通过查阅寻找某一信息。
历次的阅读理解试题全面地覆盖了上述的各项技能。
据统计，技能A的测试题占总题量的30.3％，技能E和F的测试题占总题量的11.7％；15次考试中有11次采用涉及对文章总体性理解的试题。
◆选材原则阅读理解短文的选择必须与考试大纲确定的培养目标相一致，要充分考虑选材的内容和语言的适宜性，并且遵循下列选材原则：(1)题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为考生所理解；(2)体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；(3)语言难度及词汇量符合大纲规定的范围。
文章句子结构中大多是简单句和简单复合句的结构，但也会出现一些较为复杂的句子（长句子结构），文章主题一般较容易理解。
全国职称英语考试考点手册
全国职称英语考试考点速记手册第一章词汇选项的必背解题技巧第一节词汇选项的应试技巧以及注意事项由于在职称考试中可以带一本符合规定的英语字典进入考场，所以就使得词汇选项这种题目在职称英语考试过程中显得较为简单，我们常常称之为“送分题”。
但就是这种“送分题”也会使许多考生感到非常挠头或者即使能够拿到较高分数，但是却在这15道题目上浪费了30或30分钟以上的时间。
之所以会出现这些令人尴尬的局面，其中最主要的原因是大多数考生局限在传统的做题思路中，未能对这种题型的出题思路以及解题技巧形成一个全面的了解。
下面举出一个例子来剖析一下传统的错误的解题方法，如：Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.A. baggageB. orphanageC. reportageD. usage传统的做题方法：第一步：尽量翻译该句子【译文】由于对第二次世界大战重要战事的报道，摄影记者玛格利特·怀特成名了。
（注意：该句的翻译对很多考生而言并不是一件容易的事情。
）第二步：用字典查划横线单词以及选项的中文意思coverage（覆盖；报道）A. baggage（行李）B. orphanage（孤儿的身份）C. reportage（新闻报道）D. usage（用法）第三步：对比意思，确定意思最相近的选项为正确答案在时间足够充裕的情况下，以上做题方法本无可厚非，但是在职称英语的考场上，这种传统的做题方法的弊端就显露了出来，最突出表现在单元时间内的得分率的下降。
比较理想的做题方法如下：America's emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.A. encouragedB. endangeredC. endorsedD. enlarged做题步骤（一步到位）：spurred（刺激，激励）A. encouraged（促进，激励）B. endangered（危害）C. endorsed（签名，批准）D. enlarged（放大）以上方法的做题实质就是把有语境的句子翻译题目一步转变成在五个单词（组）中寻找两个同义词的题目。
职称英语考试综合A类概括大意题及答案
职称英语考试综合A类概括大意题及答案职称英语考试综合A类概括大意精选题及答案Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的职称英语考试综合A类概括大意精选题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段的每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing?(1) In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.(2) Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But il has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultant,and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British govemmenl thinks it can.(3) Although the country's trade deficit was more than 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in th postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does hay a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad.It also trades services- accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. Thegovernment believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country .Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock'n' roll is at English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands, hother words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.(4) However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods an services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of thNational Endowment for Science, T echnology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percen of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).(5) In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy--there are at least 4 million people "in service", The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean,and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector--in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. Growth of EconomyB. "Servant" EconomyC. Strength of the Creative EconomyD. Weakness of the Creative EconomyE. Gift of TalkingF. Export of Talking Machines27. Every country has its own way __________28. The British government doesn't seem __________29. The creative industries find it difficult__________30. Many graduates are employed __________A. to find jobsB. to do low-skill lobsC. to feed its peopleD. to handle disputesE. to make a profitF. to worry about the British economy第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23.E。
职称英语概括大意与完成句子答题技巧
职称英语概括大意与完成句子答题技巧考试的答题时间为2个小时，所以对于职称英语考生来说，要在2个小时之内完成六大题型还是比拟紧张的。
为此，建议广阔职称英语考生在做概括大意与完成句子题时，要注意以下几点，以便于职称英语考生更快更准确地找出答案。
首先，读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。
读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。
这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。
应该抓住该段话的主题句。
其次，如果主题句比拟复杂(如复合句)，应重点看主句局部。
有时主题句是比拟复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句局部，正确答案应主句。
主题句中，常常有如下的句式：Although/While/Despite/Despite the fact …，中文意思是：“虽然……，但是……”。
前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。
再次，如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。
show，suggest是“说明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段话的主旨。
然后，如果主题句是not only … but also句型，应重点看but also后面的局部。
not only ... but also的意思是“不仅……而且……”，常用来承上启下。
not only后面的局部是“承上”，即上一段的主旨，but also后面的局部是“启下”，即本段话的主旨。
所以，应重点看but also后面的局部。
紧接着，问句不会是主题句。
问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。
所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句的问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。
之后，举例子的句子不会是主题句.。
英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证即举个例子来论述自己的观点。
所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以For example开始的句子。
请同学们注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。
2020年职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子训练2
2020年职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子训练22020职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子训练2阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。
Transport and TradeTransport is one of the aids to trade.By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce,transport adds to their value.The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer,the better for trade.When there were no railways,no good roads,no canals,and only small sailing ships,trade was on a small scale.The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase intrade.Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand,for instance.Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and bigbusiness,drawing supplies from,and selling goods to,all parts of the globe.Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes.Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes.Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.Transport also prevents waste.Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns.Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally.Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year.Transport has raised the standard of living.By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,as,for example,through electric cables,transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before.Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another.The cheaper and quicker transport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably becarried.Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information.Means of communication,like telephones,cables and radio,send information about prices,supplies,and changing conditions in different parts of the world.In this way,advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.练习：1、Paragraph 2 ____2、Paragraph 3 ____3、Paragraph 4 ____4、Paragraph 5 ____A.Higher living standardB.Importance of transport in tradeC.Various means of transportD.Birth of transport-related industries and tradeE.Role of information in tradeF.Public transportation5、The development of modern means of transport ____.6.Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ____.7、Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want ____.8、In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ____.A.to send goods to various parts of the worldB.at any time during the yearC.has greatly promoted tradeD.is it possible to produce on a large scaleE.the transport of goodsF.it is possible to produce on a large scale答案：BADECDBE词汇：aid /eid/ n.协助，援助 plentiful /'plentiful/ adj.充裕的，丰富的 scarce /skeos/ adj.匮乏的，缺少的 canal /fe'nael/ n.运河 suburbs /'sAbsbz/ 作？郊区 deliver /di'liva/ v.送（货）port /po：t/ n.港口 cable /丨keibl/队电缆 commerce /'komss/ n.商业注释：add to：增添，增加on a small scale：小规模地。
职称英语理工a考试技巧
职称英语理工a考试技巧一、关于复习时间毕竟丢下太多年了，准备的时间长一点是必要的，我不赞成那些一两个月突击的方法，毕竟那样风险太大了，弄不好要反复折腾几年才干通过。
既然想过就不如一心一意的准备一次过了就好了。
关于有些从来没有系统学习过英语的朋友，希望能够投入更长的时间。
以上是关于复习时间的看法。
二、分析题型首先要分析题型，职称英语考试共有6种题型：词汇选项题(15分)，阅读推断题(7分)，概括大意与完成句子(8分)，阅读理解(45分)，补全短文(10分)，完型填空(15分)。
其中与阅读有关的题型所占分数最多，有四大题，35小题，共70分。
三、复习策略由上面的题型分析可知，阅读相关题目所占比重最大，所以复习重点应该放在提升阅读能力上，而阅读能力的凹凸却建立在词汇能力的基础上，大家知道如果连单个符号的意义都不知道，想弄明白由这些符号组成的文章几乎是不可能的事情。
所以在复习期间第一个非常重要的任务就是背单词，有人可能会说："职称英语考试在考场是同意查单词的啊，考试的时候碰到不熟悉的当场查就好了，干嘛浪费宝贵的复习时间呢?'我想大家应该知道，关于我们来说考场上的时间是多么的宝贵，想要凭借在考场上查单词的话，题目是一定做不完的。
可以说词汇是一门语言的基础，在复习期间背单词不仅能够提升阅读能力，而且还能够提升对这门语言的整体理解、把握能力，这关于做其他部分的题目也是有好处的。
四、考场经验很重要的一点是合理分配时间，先易后难，把有把握的、分数较高的题目先做完，困难的留到后面。
我认为阅读理解分值较重，必须要较好的心态和清楚的头脑，建议考试时做完词汇题后就做阅读理解，然后再做其他题。
各种题型中我认为最难的题目是补全短文，该题不但考你的阅读能力，还考你的逻辑思维能力，对我而言这是考试里面较花时间的部分，而且分数也不多。
如果在考试时候确实在这里卡住了，建议先完成其他题目，最后做它，切不可在此纠缠。
另外，提前半小时到考场，可以熟悉一下考场环境，以调整好临考状态，避免紧张。
2021年职称英语概括大意题型特点与技巧
职称英语概括大意题型特点与技巧概括大意题出题特点1：段落中有明显的段落主题句(通常出现在段落的开头部分，如段首句; 有时还可能出现在段落的结尾处。
概括大意答题技巧1：利用段落中的段落主题句直接判断段落主题：例子1：A Origin(起源) of the tieB British tiesC Uselessness(无用) of the tieD Old-fashioned(过时的) tiesE Role(作用) of the tieF Signs(迹象，标记) of a tieless era(时代)23.Paragraph 2 _____.2 That leads to (导致) another question.(不是直接涉及文章主题的观点性/概括性的话语) Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose(没有用途)(该句是直接涉及文章主题的观点性话语，因此很可能是段落主题句)。
(解释性的话语：) They do not cover(覆盖) any part of your body (身体)and keep(使……保持……) you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate.补充：英语通常写作逻辑：观点句/概括句 + 分析解释(如：举例说明)例子1：A EducationB PeopleC Transport(交通)D Drinks(酒/饮料)E FoodF Nightlife(夜生活)24.Paragraph 3 _____.3 Getting around (在……出行)England(英格兰) is pretty easy(与段落主题相关的'观点句)。
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第4章概括大意与完成句子技巧指南及专项训练
4.1 命题分析
1. 题型概述
概括大意与完成句子部分为一篇300～450词的短文，有两项测试任务：
(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；
(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子，而这四个选项中通常都不是短文中的直接原句。
它们或者是文章中某个句子的“换种说法”，或者是文章中某几个句子的归纳总结句。
本部分不同于传统的阅读理解简答题，这两种题型都不需要考生写出问题的答案，而是给出了几个选项，让考生从中选择搭配。
2. 命题特点
通过对近几年真题的概括大意与完成句子部分的分析可以发现以下出题特点：
(1)文章体裁与题材
综合类A级的概括大意与完成句子题的文章主题通常涉及社会和文化方面，但有时也可能会出现其他主题类文章，如涉及到自然，科技甚至疾病健康方面的主题。
文章难度低于阅读理解部分的文章难度。
文章结构通常为说明文或论述文。
该部分题通常是从书外出题。
(2)考查目的
该部分的考查目的是抓大意、掌握细节，从宏观和微观两个角度全面考查阅读技能。
其中概括大意主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力；完成句子主要考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力。
考生在解答这类题目时，既要学会抓住中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多种阅读技巧，把握文章的重要事实和细节。
4.2 应试技巧
一、概括大意解题技巧
(1)先阅读选择项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。
然后读一段话，做一道题。
概括大意题型要求给文章中的每个自然段找一个小标题。
小标题指该段的段落大意、中心思想、主旨或者作者观点和论点，一般通过主题句来体现。
因为每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项。
所以，读文章的时候，先不要把文章全部读完，而应读一段话，做一道题。
读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。
这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。
先看大标题，然后仔细阅读每段文字，理解段落的首句及尾句，尽量找到段落的主题句。
(2)理解段落中句子之间的相互关系。
如果段落的第一句或前两句是概括性的句子，紧接着开始论述细节，就可以确定段首句为主题句。
如果从首句就开始论述细节，到尾句才进行概括或归纳，说明尾句是主题旬。
如果首句和尾句都是陈述句，而在段中出现一句概括性的句子，说明该句是主题句，概括了全段的中心思想。
如果全段均为情节句，没有一句概括性的句子，表明这是无主题句的段落。
这时要根据段落论述的中心或焦点进行提炼，跳出具体细节，从整体上把握段落，概括出全
段的大意。
(3)小标题与大标题对照。
找出每个段落的主题句并概括出其大意后，反过头来再看文章的大标题，看看每段的主题是不是文章大主题的分主题。
经过从宏观到微观，从微观再到宏观这两个过程就能保证把小标题找出来。
(4)某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去。
我们在前面讲过，每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。
所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去，以免被误选为其他段落的小标题。
而且在选其他段落的答案时，可以不看该选项，节省时间。
但如果某段话的答案不太确定，如第三段，可能是D，也可能不是D，这时不能将D从选项列表中划去。
(5)如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出。
如果一个段落原答案不确定，应将它们先都选出来，写在题目的旁边，再往下做。
这样做的好处是，下面某一段的答案确定后，便能推断出上面段落的答案来。
因为，我们在前面讲过，每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。
(6)干扰选项的特点是：段落中未展开说明的细节。
作为干扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节，但我们要找的是段落的主旨。
这吏说明做这种题要抓住段落的主题句，而不是整个段落全看。
否则，特别容易受到干扰选项的误导。
概括大意最重要的地方就是确定段落主题句和关键词，接下来介绍对于段落主题句和关键词的把握。
◆读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。
先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应，确定正确答案，正确选项一般是该句话的改写。
如果答案不能确定，应再读该段话的第二句，然后，与选项列表中
的各选项一一对应。
如果答案还是不能确定，应再读该段话的最后一句，再与选项列表中的各选顼一一对应。
一如果还是找不着正确的答案，就需要阅读整段话了。
英文的段落展开方法比较简单，主要有两种：演绎法(Deductive Method)及归纳法(Inductive Method)。
演绎法指的是由观点到例子及论据，所以主题句在该段话的开头。
主题句在第一句或第二句的，都是演绎法。
归纳法是指由例子及论据到观点，所以主题句在该段话的最后一句。
◆如果主题句比较复杂(如复合句)，应重点看主句部分。
有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。
主题句中，常常有如下的句式：
Although／While／Despite／Despite the fact…，中文意思是：“虽然……，但是……”，前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。
◆如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。
show、suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段话的主旨。
◆如果主题句是not o nly…but a lso句型，应重点看but also后面的部分。
not only…but also的意思是“不仅…而且…”，常用来承上启下。
not only后面的部分是“承上”，即上一段的主旨；but also后面的部分是“启下”，即本段话的主旨。
所以，应重点看but also后面的部分。
◆问句不会是主题句。
问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。
所以，在做本题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。
◆举例子的句子不会是主题句。
英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证即举个例子来论述自己的观点，所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以for example，for instance开始的句子。
请考生注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。
所以，在做本题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，应该忽略，不用阅读。
它肯定不是主题句。
◆正确答案应是主题句的改写，与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。
正确答案应是主题句的改写，所以与主题句中的某些词特别一致的选项应不是正确答案。
◆如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句。
受英语水平的限制，如果阅读整个段落有困难，应重点阅读段落中的如下内容：
(1)反复出现的词；
(2)括号里的词；
(3)引号里的词；
(4)黑体字；
(5)斜体字。
二、完成句子解题技巧
完成句子题型要求：每个题目都是一个判断句，但在句子结尾留有一个空格。
要求根据原文，从提供的6个选项中选择正确的答案完成句子。
完成句子主要考查考生的阅读能力和语法知识。
做完成句子题时，考生应先阅读问题句，确定关键词，再回到原文中找寻答案。
此题也有顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致，即第二题的答案段落位置应在第一题的答案段落之后，第三题的答案段落之前。
(1)找出题目中的关键词，定位到文中具体段落
将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。
有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必然大大加快解题速度，并提高准确率。
但也并非每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落。
(2)快速阅读选定段落，确定正确答案
确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。
所以，需要从头到尾仔细阅读该段落，找出题目中的关键词的对应词。
仔细阅读对应所在的句子，确定正确答案。
选择答案时，可观察被选项的结构特点和内容组成。
借助空格处的搭配结构特点或搭配语意解题。
(3)注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致
这种题型有顺序性。
第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。
这个规律也有助于考生确定答案的位置。
(4)所填答案必须符合语法规范
因为是填空，所以所填答案必须符合语法规范。
(5)绝大部分的答案来自原文原词
大部分的答案来自原文原词，而且是原文中连续出现的几个词。
(6)答案字数不是很长
4.3 专项练习
Passage 1 题材：商业经济
下面的短文有两项测试任务：（1）第1~4题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题。
(2)第5~8题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
How Technology Pushes Down Price。