托福阅读TPO重点词汇解析
托福tpo阅读高频词汇tpo 5
vt.中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍vi.打断；打扰
n.（英）自由民；市民；议员；（美）镇行政官
nitrogen
n. [化]氮
cadmium
n. [化学]镉（元素符号Cd）
pennycress
n.【植物】遏蓝菜属
mist
n.薄雾；视线模糊不清；vi.下雾；变模糊
pathogen
n.病原体；病菌
remediation
n.补救；矫正；补习
legume
n.豆类；豆科植物；豆荚
prerequisite
n.先决条件adj.首要必备的
outrigger
n.舷外支架；悬臂梁
chlorophyll
n.叶绿素
reconstruction
n.再建，重建；改造；复兴
symptom
n.症状；征兆
whelm
vi.淹没；覆盖；压倒vt.淹没；用…覆盖
dispute
vt.辩论；怀疑；阻止；抗拒vi.争论
pigmentation
n.染色；色素淀积；天然颜色
triangle
n.三角（形）；三角关系；三角形之物；三人一组
commotion
n.骚动；暴乱
harvest
n.收获；产量；结果vt.收割；得到
soil
n.土地；土壤；粪便；务农；温床vt.弄脏；污辱
cambrian
n.威尔士人；寒武纪或系adj.寒武纪的；威尔斯的
托福36套词表汇总TPO 5
TPO-5
archaeological
adj. [古]考古学的；[古]考古学上的
multicellular
adj. [生物]多细胞的；多空隙的
托福阅读词汇题单词汇总TPO1-49
托福阅读词汇题单词汇总TPO1-49 TPO1:Dramatic剧烈的，戏剧化的–- striking显著的、突出的、惊人的Prevalent普遍的，常见的–- predictable可预见的Championed拥护、支持–- SupportedAttributes把。
归于-- ascribesAutonomous自主的、自治的、自发的–independentXXX倾向、嗜好、趣味-- inclination倾向Incredible令人难以置信的-- XXXOut of sight看不见、在视野之外-- hiddenXXX躺在.。
上面，覆盖在。
上面-- CoverSo much for–That is XXXPlugged插入、填满–filled upTPO2:XXX–XXXDelicate易碎的、纤弱的–fragile易碎的Progressively渐进的、日趋增多的–increasinglyDevoid of没有、缺乏–lacking inPrecious贵重的、珍贵的–valuableExposed露出的–visiblePropulsion促进–moving forwardReadily轻而易举的–easilyAssistance帮助–helpXXX扩大的、睁开的–XXXTPO3:Feasible可行的–achievableXXX增加、提高–improveDevised设想、创造–createdIntegral完整的、必需的–essential基本的、需要的Arduous艰巨的、艰巨的–difficultEnsuring跟随，接下来–XXXXXX史无前例的–XXX pastVirtually几乎、实际上、事实上–almost Inevitable不可避免的、必然的–unavoidable Particular特别的、特定的–specificXXX包管、确保–XXXPale惨白、使失容–loses significanceAdjacent相邻–neighbouringTPO4Inhibits阻止，阻拦–restrictsIn the same breath–immediatelyIndefinite period没有限定的时间段–whose end has not been determinedRebound反弹–recovery规复Marked标记的、明显的、显著的–considerablePrincipal主要的–majorTrappings装饰–XXXAccumulate堆积、聚集、累积–build up增进、积累XXX–XXXSloping倾斜的、斜坡的–incliningFoul弄脏、污染–polluteTPO5:Exhibit表现、显出–showFacilitate促进、帮助、使容易–XXXSuspended悬垂、悬挂–XXXAfford给予、提供–offerOverwhelming压倒性的、势不可挡的–powerfulImplements施行、履行、工具–toolsUndisputed无可辩驳的、毫无疑问的–acknowledge广为承认的Significant显著的、重要的–importantRelatively相对地–comparativelyDiversification多样化–emergence of many varieties呈现良多种类Promote增进、晋升–encourageTPO6:Exploited开采、开发、利用、剥削–utilizedVastly极大地–greatlyGrew accustomed惯于–XXXRetained保留、保持–maintainedRudimentary基本的、初步的–basicMeticulously仔细地–carefullyXXX忍耐、历久–XXX存活，从。
托福阅读中的重要词汇整理
托福TPO阅读中的词汇整理2Seep渗出，渗透(of liquids) flow slowly and in small quantities through a substance Discharge The Nile discharges (ie flows) i nto the Mediterranean. 尼罗河流入地中海. Overland 陆上的flowContemplation : the act of thinking deeply about sth 沉思RepulsiveA wealth of: large amount of 大量，丰富eg a book with a wealth of illustrations Keep me posted 及时通知我Metabolism新陈代谢Memorandum/ memo 备忘录Consonant: that is consonant with something else fits or agrees with it very well. (FORMAL) consistent/ in agreement一致的，辅音Boast：talk about one’s achievement with too much pride and satisfaction; possessEg The hotel also boasts two swimming pools and a golf course.Expound (formal) give a clear and detailed explanation of sth.Eg.Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politicsThe crucial measure is the discrepancy between what your partner believes about your strengths and what your friends believe.Nuance : subtle difference in meaning, colour, feeling, etc细微差别If you describe a belief or explanation as a myth, you mean that many people believe it but it is actually untrue.Corroborate : confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc)Eg Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言.Postulate：put (sth) forward as a fact or accept (sth) as true, esp as a basis for reasoning or argument 假定, 假设（某事物）（尤指作推理或论证之出发点）Eg He dismissed arguments postulating differing standards for human rights in different cultures and regions.Impede阻碍，妨碍by the same token in a corresponding way; following from the same argument 相应地; 基於同一理由: She must be more reasonable, but by the same token you must try to understand her. 她得讲点理, 可你也得尽量体谅她.Hinge on: to depend on sth completely. eg. His success hinges on how well he does at the interview.Sharp: used after an expression for a time of day to mean 'exactly':Please be here at seven o'clock sharp.Canonical : If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a thing of its kind should have.权威的，标准的If you posit something, you suggest or assume it as the basis for an argument or calculation. (FORMAL) eg. ... can be posited for the reported differences in...Disposed：~ (to do sth)1）wanting or prepared to do sth 想（做某事）; 准备（做某事）: I'm not disposed to meet them at the moment.2）if you are well or favourably disposed to someone or something, you l ike them or approve of them. (FORMAL)eg: I saw that the publishers were well disposed towards my book.Predispose: to influence sb.(in a particular way) in advance 预先安排，使偏向于His early training predisposed him to a life of adventure. 他早年所受的教养使他热衷於冒险活动Latitude：freedom to choose the way in which you do something. (FORMAL)纬度；自由 eg They allow their children far too much latitudeWeapons of massive destruction 大规模杀伤性武器Wanna= want to eg I wanna go. (informal; not standard)Injunction: An injunction is a court order, usually one telling someone not to do something. (LEGAL) 禁令，指令Infringe：If someone infringes a law or a rule, they break it or do something which disobeys it. Eg：The film exploited his image and infringed his copyright违背，违反；侵犯infringe upon the rights of other peopleApprobation is approval of something or agreement to it. (FORMAL)Rebut If you rebut a charge or criticism that is made against you, you give reasons why it is untrue or unacceptable. (FORMAL)反驳，驳斥Eg He spent most of his speech rebutting criticisms of his foreign policy.If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true. (FORMAL) eg The government contends that he is fundamentalist. 主张（某事物）; 争辩; 认为Adjunct (associate )professor 兼任(副)教授Temporary position for professorship is an adjunct professorship. Sometimes, a full time well known professor from a famous university can go to another university to join a research program for a few months to a few years. Anyway, all adjunct professors are temporary.0 An associate professor has passed his tenure (probation) and is a full time permanent staff, though his position is still junior.Incorporate sth (in/into sth)make sth part of a whole; include 将某事物包括进去; 包含: Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. 你的建议多已纳入新计画中.dominate 处于优势，占最重要地位No single factor appears to dominate.The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.Priority1）Being a parent is her first priority.2)The school will give priority to science, maths and modern languages.3)If something takes priority or has priority over other things, it is regarded as being more important than them and is dealt with first.Eg. The fight against inflation took priority over measures to combat the deepening recession.I disagree with the premise that economic development has priority over the environment.supplement1) If you supplement something, you add something to it in order to improve it. ...people doing extra jobs outside their regular jobs to supplement their incomes...2) Business sponsorship must be a supplement to, not a substitute for, public funding.condition or stipulation in a legal document （法律文件中的）规定, 条款: under the provisions of the agreement 根据协议的条文 * She accepted the contract with the provision that it would be revised after a year. 她同意签订这合同, 其中规定一年之後得加以修订.Perennial1）lasting for a long time 长久的; 持久的:a perennial subject of interest永恒的主题.2）constantly recurring 一再的; 反覆出现的:A perennial problem 反覆出现的问题 * perennial complaints一再的抱怨.be subject tooften having, suffering or undergoing sth; liable to sth 常有﹑常患或常遭某事物; 倾向某事物:Are you subject to colds? 你常患感冒吗?Trains are subject to delay(s) after the heavy snowfalls. 一下大雪火车就往往误点. Tide overIf you do something for someone to tide them over, you help them through a period when they are having difficulties, especially by lending them money.He wanted money to tide him over.The banks were prepared to put up 50 million guilders to tide over the company. answer to the description (of sb/sth)correspond to or match the description (of sb/sth) 与描述的（人或事物）相符合: The photograph answers to the description of the wanted man. 这张照片与通缉人相符.answer for sb/sth(a) be responsible for or blamed for sth 对某事物负责; 为某事物受责: He has a lot to answer for. 他要负责很多事情. * You will have to answer for your crimes one day. 你总有一天要因为你的罪行而得到报应的.Formulatecreate (sth) in a precise form 将（某事物）形式固定格式:formulate a rule, policy, theory, etc制定规则﹑制定政策﹑创立理论.express (sth) clearly and exactly using particular words 确切地表达（某思想）: formulate one's thoughts carefully 确切地阐述自己的思想Of paramount importance 最重要的illicit adj (a) not allowed by law; illegal 法律不许可的; 违禁的; 非法的:Eg. the illicit sale of drugs毒品的非法贩卖~ (for sth) great enjoyment of food, etc; zest（美食等的）享受; 滋味; 美味; 乐趣: eat, drink with (great) relish 津津有味地吃Debaters are hassling each other on the stage. Hassel 找麻烦，与。
tpo词汇总结
TPO-1Conversation-libraryMaterials on reserve: 放在“reserve〞借阅室里只供学生在图书馆里借阅的书Reference section：参考书籍Source：这里指其它参考资料Title：书名，署名Abstract：〔书或文章开头的〕摘要Lecture－contemporary art Something is ing up: *事正在发生，这里指艺术展正在举行Realistic impressionism: 现实印象主义Sum…up: 把……总结一下Brushstroke：一笔，笔锋。
Brush：刷子 stroke：一笔Te*ture：质地Canvas：帆布油画Bleak：光秃秃的Posture：姿势Depiction：描述，展示Mess up：一团糟Peek out：微微露出Lecture－GeologyDating technique：年代测定方法〔注：不是约会技巧〕Land formation: 地形，地势Grand Canyon：〔美国西南部〕大峡谷Solidify：固化，凝固，变硬，结晶Mountain range：山脉Flatter out：磨平，消失Uranium-lead dating: 铀铅年代测定法Appalachia Mountain Range: 阿巴拉契亚山脉Grain：谷粒，注：这里指细小的颗粒Zircon：锆，锆石Magma：岩浆lava：熔岩granite：花岗岩conclusively：决定性的，有说服力的Conversation-education paper Interdisciplinary: 跨学科的Roman Mythology:罗马神话Oral presentation：口头演讲Neolithic：新石器时代 late stone ageSettlement：定居点，居住点Obsidian：黑曜石Sun dried：被晒干的Hatchway：船舱舱口，这里指房顶入口Hearth：炉火，家庭End up：最终，结果变成……Make a good point: 这里指“这是一种很好的解释〞E*cavation：挖掘Layout：布置，设计，样式Speculate：猜想Yield：产生，制造Lecture-biologyMarmot:土拨鼠Hibernation：休眠Temperate climate：温带气候Mating：〔动物〕交配繁殖Growing season:生长季节Loner：独居的，单独的Offspring：子，后代 descendants Edible vegetation：可食用的植物Take chance：冒险，抓住时机Territorial：有领土意识的Bizarre：奇怪的Meadow：牧草，草地Lecture-ArchaeologySoot: 煤烟，油烟，炭黑色TPO-2ConversationGraph：图表Casual：临时的，偶然的。
托福tpo阅读高频词汇tpo extra 1
adj.生活机能学的
likewise
adv.同样地,也
majestically
adv.雄伟地,威严地,庄重地
disposal
n.处理,支配,排列
cluster
n.串,群,丛; v.丛生;成群;使聚集
magnitude
n.大小,光度,重要
nitrogen
n.氮
culminating
n.猛然落下;急躁;猛冲;鲁莽
embryo
n.胚胎;胚芽;胎儿
outpost
n.前哨,边区村落
panel
n.嵌板,座谈小组,仪表板v嵌镶板propellant
n.使推进之物,推进燃料,发射火药
adj.推进的
latitude
n.纬度;回旋余地,自由;纬度地区;曝光宽容
consensus
n.一致;舆论;合意;共识
incorporate
v.合并,具体表现,使组成公司;合并;组成公司;混合
adj.合并的,一体化的,公司组织的
deteriorate
v.使恶化;使退化;使下降;使堕落;恶化;退化;质量下降;堕落
absorb
v.吸收;使全神贯注;汲取,理解
托福36套词表汇总TPO extra 1
TPO-extra 1
hierarchical
adj.等级制度的;有统治权的;僧侣统治的;等级体系的
disruptive
adj.分裂性的,破裂的
feudal
adj.封建制度的,领地的,封地的
biotic
adj.关于生命的;生物的
coniferous
adj.结球果的
n.顶点;高潮的到达
urbanization
托福tpo阅读高频词汇tpo 1
n.嗜好；倾向
timberline
n.树带界线
moisture
n.水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量
velocity
n.速率；迅速；周转率
snowdrift
n.随风飘飞的雪；被风刮在一起的雪堆
gravel
n.碎石；砂砾vt.用碎石铺；使困惑
moss
n.苔藓；泥沼vt.使长满苔藓
tundra
n.苔原；冻原；冻土地带
vt.建议；打算，计划；求婚vi.建议；求婚；打算
frost
vt.结霜于；冻坏vi.结霜；受冻
saturate
vt.浸透，使湿透；使饱和adj.浸透的，饱和的
refine
vt.精炼，提纯；改善；使…文雅
browse
vt.浏览；吃草n.浏览；吃草
bury
vt.埋葬；隐藏
confront
vt.面对；遭遇；比较
oral
adj.口头的，口述的n.口试
adjacent
adj.邻近的，毗连的
deciduous
adj.落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的
entire
adj.全部的，整个的；全体的
gymnastic
adj.体操的，体育的
crystalline
adj.透明的；水晶般的；水晶制的
dramatic
adj.戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的
adv.流行地，普遍地
universally
adv.普遍地；人人；到处
thereafter
adv.其后；从那时以后
subtropics
n. [地理]亚热带
outwash
n. [地质]冰水沉积；消融，冲蚀
tpo阅读词汇整理
Striking显著的，引人注目的Resist抵抗Prone易于。
的，有。
倾向Champion支持Attribute归因于Ascribe归于Penchant强烈的Compromise妥协Inclination倾向，爱好Overlie躺在。
上Drag拖拽Soak浸泡，浸透Restrict限制Objectively客观地Devoid缺乏，没有Scarce缺乏的，罕见的Propulsion推进，推进力Feasible可行的Integral完整的Arduous努力地，艰巨的Ensuing接着发生的Subsequent后来的，后继的Unprecedented前所未有的Virtually几乎的Inevitable不可避免的Pale苍白的，无力的Fluid液体，流体Overwhelming势不可挡的，压倒一切的Implement实施，执行Undisputed无可置疑的Exploit开发Retain保持，留在心中Rudimentary基本的，基础的Meticulously谨小慎微的Vanish消失的Critically批判性的，严重的Consistently一致的Perspective观点，景色，透镜Obsession着魔，痴迷，萦绕Foster培养Sphere球体，范围Diffuse四散的Emerge出现，浮现Profound深远的，渊博的Permanent永久的Fleeing逃走，逃离Pinpoint确定，精确定位Ingenuity足智多谋，心灵手巧Dominant占优势的，统治的Cope成功的应对，对抗Retreat撤退，后腿Bombard炮击，撞击Disruption分裂分解Relics遗产，遗迹Site地点，位置Inflexible僵硬的，不能弯曲的Prior to优先于Inhospitable不好客的Impetus动力，促进Incentive动机，刺激，诱因Justified有正当理由的Flourish挥舞，茂盛，繁荣Compel强迫，迫使Propagate繁衍，增殖Dormant潜伏的Endurance持久性Perseverance坚持不懈Rigidness繁琐的程序Reluctant不情愿的Deprivation剥夺。
TPO阅读生词
TPO11saturate v.浸透;使湿透;渗透;使充满meteoric adj.流星的;大气的;疾速的precipitation n.降水，降水量emerge v.浮现,脱出,形成grain n.谷物;谷粒;谷类unconsolidated adj.未合并的，未统一的：gravel n.砂砾;砂砾层coarse adj.粗糙的,粗俗的,下等的deposit n.存款,堆积物,定金v.存放;堆积;沉淀scale n.刻度;刻度尺;尺度;比率#天平,秤;天平盘,秤盘#鳞,鱼鳞;鳞状物;介壳;障物spread n.传播,伸展,散布v.使伸展,使延伸;展开;张开;摊开;伸展,延伸;传开;延长;蔓延fanwise adv.adj.扇形的thick adj.厚的,浓的,粗壮的adv.厚厚地;浓浓地;密集地;强烈地n.最浓处,最密集处,最厚处sandbar n.沙洲gap n.缝隙,间断,缺口plug n.塞子,栓;插头,插塞;堵塞物;火花塞,点火栓v.堵,插上,塞;苦干,苦读;连接;接通电源;枪击cement n.水泥;接合剂v.接合;巩固;用水泥涂;粘牢percolate v.过滤;使浸透;使渗出;过滤;浸透;渗出form n.形状,形式,表格;构架,模具;留有空行有待填写的档案;合适,健康;情绪;种类;分级;风俗,社会标准;次序,规则;格式;包括接收使用者输入选择的超文件档案区域(计算机,因特网用语)v.形成;塑造;构成;构;成形;排,列;被形成;开始形成proportion n.比例,部份,均衡v.使成比例,分摊,使均衡consist v.组成,构成;一致,符合;在于,存在于basalt n.玄武岩permeability n.渗透;可透性;渗透性;导磁性crevice n.裂缝drain n.排水沟;排水;消耗v.排出沟外;耗尽;喝干;排水;流干cling v.粘紧;紧贴;附着tension n.紧张,拉紧,不安instant n.立即,瞬间adj.立即的,即时的porosity n.多孔性,有孔性2speculation n.思索;推测;沉思;投机concrete n.水泥,混凝土v.使凝固;用混凝土修筑;使结合;浇混凝土于;凝结,固结adj.具体的,水泥的,实在的anthropologist n.人类学者;人类学家envision v.想象;预想briefly adv.暂时地;简要地attribute n.属性;标志,象征;特质,特性;定语v.归于,属于desirable adj.值得向往的;令人满意的;值得拥有的;富有魅力的occurrence n.发生,发现,事件favor(Amer.)n.赞成,赞同;偏袒;偏爱;善意的行为apparent adj.显然的;外观上的certain adj.确定的,必然的,某refine v.提炼,精炼;提去;精制;使升华,使...的道德完善;被提炼,被提纯;变得优雅精美;变纯净;琢磨,推敲modify v.更改,修改;修饰;缓和,减轻rite n.仪式,习俗,典礼feat n.壮举,技艺表演,功绩elaborate v.精心制作;详细阐述;详细说明;变得复杂;详尽计划adj.精细的,精心的,详尽的pantomime n.手势,舞剧,哑剧v.用手势传达;演哑剧;用手势示意virtuosity n.精湛技艺;艺术爱好者;对艺术品的爱好;古董收藏家instinct n.本能,直觉detach v.分开;分遣;分离sufficient adj.充份的,足够的norm n.基准,标准,模范aesthetic adj.美学的;艺术的;美的;审美的3subtropics n.亚热带,副热带deciduous adj.每年落叶的,非永久性的broadleaf adj.阔叶的birch n.桦树,桦条,桦木v.用桦条鞭打deform v.使残缺,使变形;变畸形;变形duration n.持续时间;为期prone adj.有...倾向的,易于...的;倾斜的;俯卧的,面向下的;陡的cessation n.停止browse n.嫩叶,嫩芽,嫩枝;浏览;吃草v.吃叶;浏览,随便翻阅;吃;吃;随便翻阅;吃...上的草;随意观看ibex n.野生山羊bud n.芽;花蕾;叶芽;萌芽,未成熟的事物#小孩,少女v.发芽,抽芽;啄食嫩芽;开始生长;使发芽;接;发芽生出moss n.苔藓,泥沼crucial adj.决定性的,严厉的,重要的equatorial adj.赤道的;酷热的;赤道附近的TPO21cetacean n.鲸类动物;鲸porpoise n.海豚,小鲸fluke n.锚爪#侥幸#比目鱼disguise n.假面目,假装v.假装,隐瞒affinity n.倾向,喜好,本性;密切关系;姻亲关系;类同dwelling n.住处,寓所,住宅breed n.品种;种类,类型v.产,孵;养育;使繁殖,饲养;培育;生产;繁殖,育种;孕育;滋生,产生vestigial adj.留有痕迹的;退化的;残余的rear n.后部,后面;后方;背后,背面;后尾v.抚养,培养;栽种,培植;饲养;竖起,举起;高耸;用后腿站起;暴跳adj.后面的,背后的,后部的;殿后的;后方的propulsion n.推进,推进力2border n.边缘,边沿;边界,国界,边境;饰边,滚边;应用视窗四面的框架(计算机用语)v.与...接壤;接近;毗邻,接界;近似potential n.潜在性,可能性adj.有潜力的,潜在的,可能的margin n.页边的空白;极限;边缘severe adj.严厉的,剧烈的,严格的excessive adj.过度的,极端的,格外的pulverization n.研碎;彻底摧毁;粉碎;毁灭conditioner n.调节器;调节剂;调节员;教练drainage n.排水rigorously adv.严厉地;残酷地3consumption n.消费;消耗device n.装置;图案;设计;可以发送或接受数据的硬件成分(计算机用语)parlor n.客厅;休息室,接待室;起居室;店permit n.通行证,执照,许可证v.允许,容许purchase n.购买,价值,购买品v.买,购买;用起重装置举起;赢得,努力取得,获得admission n.加入许可;入场券;承认,坦白vaudeville n歌舞杂耍表演（提供多种短小节目的舞台娱乐演出）makeshift n.临时代用品;权宜之计adj.临时代用的;权宜的fairground n.举行赛会的场所;露天市场minstrel n.吟游诗人manipulation n.处理;操纵;操作TPO31aspiration n.渴望;热望feasible1adj.切实可行的mediocre adj.平常的，普通的integral1adj.组成的,整的,不可分割的brick n.砖;砖块状物;砖块;积木v.用砖砌organ n.风琴,机关,器官plumbing n[U]（建筑物的）管道装置igloo n(pl~s)（爱斯基摩人用坚硬雪块砌成的临时栖身用的）拱形圆顶小屋. permanence n[U]永久;永恒;恒久arduous adj.费力的,艰难的pile n.堆;大量;一堆;大数目#柱,桩#绒毛;软毛,茸毛v.堆积,叠;把...堆在;累积;装;堆积;拥,挤;累积;把桩打入;用桩支撑beam n.1.大梁;2.(光线的)束,柱semicircular adj.半圆形的.span v.跨越n.跨度,一段时间divert v.转移,(使)转向2rancher n.大农(牧)场主或工人formation n.1.形成,构成2.固定形状；编队estimate1vt.估计indicate1vt.指示,指出;象征,表明onward1adj.[attrib作定语](espfml较文)向前的;前进的spray n.喷雾,飞沫v.向...喷射,喷sorghum n[U]高粱.wheat n[U]小麦finite adj（时间、空间）有限的；非永久性的negligible adj不重要的;很小的;不值得考虑的drastically adv.大大地;激烈地;彻底地withdrawal v.提取，收回pump n.泵v.(用泵)抽(水),抽吸project n.计划,方案v.投射,射出;设计,计划conserve v.保存,保藏crisis n(plcrises)[C,U]危机;（疾病、生命、历史等的）决定性时刻grandiose adj(usuderog通常作贬义)庞大的;浮夸的pipeline n.管道,输送管道capillary n.毛细血管3climax n.高峰,顶点cumulative adj（数量、力量等）渐增的,累积的pond n.池塘definition n（轮廓等）清晰（指轮廓非常分明的状态）；定义，释义（对意思确切的阐述）resilience n[U]1弹性;弹力;迅速恢复的能力;适应性2（指人）乐观的性情:pale adj.(颜色或指不健康的)苍白的,暗淡的TPO41restrict1v.限制,约束meadow n[C,U]草地;（尤指）牧场;（河边的）低洼地cedar n(a)[C]雪松hemlock n1[C,U]毒芹（有毒,开小白花）.2[U]由毒芹提取的毒药alder n桤木（桦木科,通常生长于沼泽地带）.arboreal adj.树栖的;树的,乔木的fodder n[U]（马及其他牲畜的）饲料,草料,秣fluctuate1v.波动,起伏bemoan v(sb/sth)为（某人[某事物]）而悲伤,抱怨:succulent adj.多汁的,多水分的starve v.挨饿elk n.麋鹿picturesquely adv.如画地,别致地;生动地plight n.(恶劣的)情势,困境cougar n美洲狮lynx n猞猁2trace1n.痕迹;v.跟踪；追溯backdrop n.舞台背景;背景reveal v.展现;揭露horn n1（牛、鹿、羊等动物的）角.2[C]（乐器中的）号:3[C]示警装置:4[C]像动物的角之物（如蜗牛的触角）.5[C]（新月的）钩尖.bovine adj1牛的;关于牛的.2(derog贬)迟钝的;笨拙的portrayal n1[U]画像;描述;描写;扮演.2[C]描摹;表现spear n.矛figurine n小塑像;（尤指）人的雕像fertility n[U]肥沃;多产;丰富3derrick n1转臂起重机;（尤指轮船上的）桅杆起重机.2井架;钻塔spout1n[C]1供液体流出的凸起管状物（如落水管或茶壶嘴）:2（喷出的）液体流,液体柱.3没指望;毁坏;完蛋v1（指液体）喷出,涌出:(b)喷出,涌出（液体）:(c)（指鲸）喷水.2口,通常作贬义没完没了地大声吟诵（诗歌等）或说话gusher n喷油井（自动流出的油井）.kerosene n.煤油slick2n海面浮油（尤指从撞毁的油轮中流出的）ashore adv上岸;上陆;在岸上;在陆上TPO51nitrate n硝酸盐ion n化或物,离子notorious adj臭名昭著的;声名狼藉的tolerate v1容忍（不喜欢或不赞成的某事物）2忍受（某人[某事]）3能服用（药等）;能经受（治疗）depletion n削减;消耗stunt2v[尤用于被动语态]阻碍（某事物[某人]）的正常生长或发展deficient adj(a)[通常作表语]缺乏;缺少:(b)不完全的;不完美的;不适当的;不充足的slender adj(-er,-est)1细长的;纤细的(b)（指人）瘦长的,苗条的2微薄的;不足的;微少的anthocyanin n.花青素discoloration n(a)[U]变色;退色(b)[C]变色点;退色点;污点petiole n.叶柄;柄部phosphorus n[U](chemistry化)(a)磷.(b)红磷omit v(-tt-)1未做某事物;忘记做某事物;不做某事物;忽略;疏忽:2未包括,不包括（某事物）;省略;删除;遗漏;排除chloride n氯化物mercury n汞;水银pathogen n病菌；病原体scenario n(pl~s)1（电影、戏剧等的）脚本、剧情概要等.2想象中的未来事情的顺序harvest1n1(a)收割;收获.(b)收获季节;收获期:(c)收成;收获量:2结果TPO61harnessing v.给（马等）装上挽具(harness的现在分词)；治理，利用reciprocating adj.往复的；交互的；摆动的n.往复v.往复运动（reciprocate的ing形式）；互给；报答rotary adj.旋转的，转动的；轮流的n.旋转式机器；[动力]转缸式发动机rivaled n.对手；竞争者vt.与…竞争；比得上某人vi.竞争adj.竞争的n.(Rival)人名；(英、法、西)里瓦尔lamp n.灯；照射器vt.照亮vi.发亮n.(Lamp)人名；(英、德、匈、瑞典)兰普flickering adj.闪烁的，忽隐忽现的；摇曳的v.闪烁（flicker的ing形式）gaslit adj.以煤气灯照明的blast n.爆炸；冲击波；一阵vi.猛攻vt.爆炸；损害；使枯萎n.(Blast)人名；(德)布拉斯特furnaces n.炉子，[炉窑]熔炉（furnace复数形式）canal n.运河；[地理]水道；[建]管道；灌溉水渠vt.在…开凿运河n.(Canal)人名；(英、法、西、意、葡)卡纳尔；(土)贾纳尔terrain n.[地理]地形，地势；领域；地带ingredient n.原料；要素；组成部分adj.构成组成部分的wagon n.货车，四轮马车vt.用运货马车运输货物n.(Wagon)人名；(法、德)瓦贡2surveyor n.测量员；检验员parish n.教区地方行政区strata n.层；[地质]地层；阶层n.(Strata)人名；(意、塞)斯特拉塔meticulously adv.细致地；一丝不苟地；拘泥地stratum n.（组织的）层；[地质]地层；社会阶层temporal adj.暂时的；当时的；现世的n.世间万物；暂存的事物n.(Temporal)人名；(法)唐波拉尔valid adj.有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的3toddler n.学步的小孩；幼童装TPO71tearinto猛攻：抢夺食物；3hoe n锄头（用于割草、耕作及园艺）TPO81edifices n.大厦；大建筑物obsidian n.黑曜石prosperous adj.繁荣的；兴旺的2basin n.水池；流域；盆地；盆n.(Basin)人名；(俄)巴辛；(法)巴赞crippled adj.残废的，跛腿的v.使成跛子；使受伤致残（cripple的过去分词形式）cope vi.处理；对付；竞争n.长袍n.(Cope)人名；(英)科普；(西)科佩bombard vt.轰炸；炮击n.射石炮n.(Bombard)人名；(法)邦巴尔eradicated adj.画着根的v.摆脱；擦掉；连根拔起（eradicate的过去分词）3relics n.遗迹；遗骸；纪念物（relic的复数）TPO91impetus n.动力；促进；冲力2collaborative adj.合作的，协作的3drenching n.湿透bowels n.内脏（尤指人的肠）；同情心；勇气（bowel的复数）v.取出…的肠子（bowel的第三人称单数）fern n.[植]蕨；[植]蕨类植物mosses n.[植]苔藓，藓类；[植]苔藓植物（moss的复数）n.(Mosses)人名；(法)莫斯propagate vt.传播；传送；繁殖；宣传vi.繁殖；增殖angiosperm n.[植]被子植物gossamer n.蛛丝；薄纱；小蜘蛛网adj.轻飘飘的；薄弱的vicissitudes n.变迁；兴衰；枯荣；（人生的）盛衰（vicissitude的复数）encapsulated adj.密封的；包在荚膜内的v.压缩（encapsulate的过去分词）；封进内部；装入胶囊TPO101porcelain n.瓷；瓷器adj.瓷制的；精美的ceramics n.制陶术，制陶业（ceramic的复数）prosperous adj.繁荣的；兴旺的instigated vt.唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿cobalt n.[化学]钴；钴类颜料；由钴制的深蓝色2interval n.间隔；间距；幕间休息proxy n.代理人；委托书；代用品intriguing adj.有趣的；迷人的v.引起…的兴趣；策划阴谋；私通（intrigue的ing形式）3textile n.纺织品，织物adj.纺织的cottage n.小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小别墅ravages n.毁坏后的残迹；劫掠后的残迹；破坏的结果（ravage的复数）v.破坏（ravage的第三人称单数形式）；毁坏spun adj.纺成的v.纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转wove adj.布纹的n.布纹纸v.织布（weave的过去式）n.(Wove)人名；(英)沃夫scant adj.不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的vt.减少；节省；限制remuneration n.报酬；酬劳，赔偿rye n.黑麦；吉卜赛绅士adj.用黑麦制成的n.(Rye)人名；(英)赖伊promissory adj.约定的；允诺的；约定支付的equivalent adj.等价的，相等的；同意义的n.等价物，相等物currency n.货币；通货TPO111distinctive adj.有特色的，与众不同的forms n.表格（form的复数形式）；表单；窗体v.形成（form的第三人称单数）；培养；制作frontality n.（绘画及雕塑中对人物、风景等的）正面描绘decorative adj.装饰性的；装潢用的cults n.邪教；教派；崇拜的对象；狂热崇拜（cult的复数）n.(Cults)人名；(英)卡尔茨recipients n.收件人（recipient的复数）divine adj.神圣的；非凡的；天赐的；极好的vt.占卜；预言；用占卜勘探vi.占卜；预言；使用占卜勘探矿n.牧师；神学家n.(Divine)人名；(英)迪万shrines 圣地神殿神龛圣祠（shrine的复数）pylons n.[交]桥塔（pylon的复数）；架线塔pillars n.柱子；柱状物；台柱（pillar的复数）v.用柱支持（pillar的第三人称单数）compactness n.简洁；紧密；密实度；紧密度breakage n.破坏；破损；裂口；破损量wrapping n.包装纸，包装材料adj.包装用的v.裹住（wrap的ing形式）deities n.神明，神灵（deity的复数）depicts vt.描述；描画generic adj.类的；一般的；属的；非商标的bending n.弯曲度v.弯曲（bend的ing形式）squatting n.[水运]航行尾倾v.蹲；坐落于（squat的ing形式）2compass n.指南针，罗盘；圆规vt.包围overcast adj.阴天的；阴暗的；愁闷的vt.使沮丧；包缝；遮蔽operating adj.操作的；[外科]外科手术的v.操作（operate的ing形式）；动手术magnetism n.磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力sensory adj.感觉的；知觉的；传递感觉的TPO121trace vi.追溯；沿路走vt.追踪，查探；描绘；回溯n.痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪]迹线；缰绳stencils n.模板；钢板；[印刷]模版印刷（stencil的复数形式）implies v.意味着（imply的第三人称单数）；蕴含；暗指sprayed adj.喷雾的v.喷射；散布（spray的过去式和过去分词）palm n.手掌；棕榈树；掌状物vt.将…藏于掌中n.(Palm)人名；(英)帕姆；(瑞典)帕尔姆；(法、德、俄、捷、芬、挪)帕尔姆depicted vt.描述；描画wounded adj.受伤的n.受伤者，伤员v.使受伤（wound的过去分词）healed 恢复spiraling adj.盘旋的；成螺旋形的v.盘旋着上升或下降；成螺旋状旋转（spiral的ing形式）feature n.特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目vi.起重要作用vt.特写；以…为特色；由…主演rotated adj.旋转的v.旋转；使…转动；循环（rotate的过去分词）clockwise adv.顺时针方向地adj.顺时针方向的flakes n.鳞片；白点；发裂sequence n.[数][计]序列；顺序；续发事件vt.按顺序排好crescent n.新月；新月状物；伊斯兰教的标记；土耳其的新月形国徽adj.新月形的；逐渐增加的vt.以新月形物装饰；使成新月形n.(Crescent)人名；(法)克雷桑cortex n.[解剖]皮质；树皮；果皮cerebral adj.大脑的，脑的asymmetrical adj.[数]非对称的（等于asymmetric）；不均匀的；不匀称的2theatrical adj.戏剧性的；剧场的，戏剧的；夸张的；做作的phrased n.短语,习语,措辞,乐句vt.措词,将(乐曲)分成乐句conceals vt.隐藏；隐瞒triumph n.胜利，凯旋；欢欣vi.获得胜利，成功aesthetic adj.美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的suppressed adj.抑制的，发育不全的v.镇压，禁止（suppress的过去时和过去分词）perspective n.观点；远景；透视图adj.透视的strain n.张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘vi.拉紧；尽力vt.拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力n.(Strain)人名；(英)斯特兰predicted adj.预测的v.预计（predict的过去分词）；预示inadequacies 不足synchronization n.[物]同步；同时性amplification n.[电子]放大（率）；扩大；详述fragile adj.脆的；易碎的invariably adv.总是；不变地；一定地neglected adj.被忽视的；未被好好照管的v.忽视；疏忽（neglect的过去分词）wireless adj.无线的；无线电的n.无线电vt.用无线电报与…联系；用无线电报发送vi.打无线电报；打无线电话collaboration n.合作；勾结；通敌assets n.资产；宝贵的人材；有益的品质；[经]财产；有利条件（一项）财物；资产（asset的名词店、破产者等的）财产；遗产；有价值的人或物conversion n.转换；变换；[金融]兑换；改变信仰virtually adv.事实上，几乎；实质上prohibitive adj.禁止的，禁止性的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的；类同禁止的3depressions n.[经]萧条（depression的复数形式）；按下；抑制；[内科]抑郁症sustaining adj.持续的；支持的v.维持（sustain的现在分词）；支持；承受silts n.砂浆；泥浆（silt的复数）v.淤积；使…淤塞（silt的第三人称单数）fertile adj.富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的intervention n.介入；调停；妨碍massifs 【地质学】山丘；地块；断层块；大楼，大厦survey n.调查；测量；审视；纵览vt.调查；勘测；俯瞰vi.测量土地appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的vt.占用，拨出extraction n.取出；抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身cavities n.腔（cavity的复数形式）；[医]空洞；蛀牙；插线孔deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金saline adj.盐的；含盐分的n.盐湖；碱盐泻药TPO131gripe n牢骚;怨言;不平;不满2chronobiology n.时间生物学eukaryote n.真核生物3overgeneralize v.过度概括stimuli n.刺激,刺激品,激励(stimulus复数)TPO141accused n.被告adj.被控告的v.指责；控告（accuse的过去式）intentionally adv.故意地，有意地cereal n.谷类，谷物；谷类食品；谷类植物adj.谷类的；谷类制成的format n.格式；版式；开本vt.使格式化；规定…的格式vi.设计版式perceived v.感知；认为（perceive的过去分词）；领会adj.感知到的；感观的animated adj.活生生的；活泼的；愉快的vt.使…有生气（animate的过去式）conflated vt.合并；异文合并blending n.混合；调配；混和物adj.混合的v.混合；协调（blend的ing形式）validated adj.经过验证的v.确认（validate的过去式及过去分词形式）；使生效endorses vt.背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名perceptions n.认知；观念（perception的复数）；理解2equator n.赤道presumably adv.大概；推测起来；可假定hurricanes n.[气象]飓风（hurricane的复数）paradoxically adv.自相矛盾地；似非而是地；反常地elevation n.高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图sinkholes n.污水坑；排水口；阴沟口cenotes n.天然井plugged adj.堵塞的；塞紧的v.堵塞；接通电源（plug的过去分词）karst n.喀斯特地形（石灰岩地区常见的地形）n.(Karst)人名；(德、英、捷)卡斯特plastered adj.醉醺醺的；涂得厚厚的v.使平；涂以灰泥；粘贴；掩饰（plaster的过去分词形式）catchment n.流域；集水dikes 堤坝（dike的复数）3Pastoralism n.牧歌体；田园主义distinctive adj.有特色的，与众不同的terrain n.[地理]地形，地势；领域；地带nomadism n.游牧；流浪inhibits 抑制阻止rank n.排；等级；军衔；队列adj.讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的vt.排列；把…分等vi.列为；列队n.(Rank)人名；(英、德、芬、捷)兰克conquest n.征服，战胜；战利品n.(Conquest)人名；(英)康奎斯特hereditary adj.遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的n.遗传类hierarchies n.阶层，层级；[数]分层，分类TPO151contradiction n.矛盾；否认；反驳metabolism n.[生理]新陈代谢basking 晒太阳姥鲨proportionately adv.相称地，成比例地sheer adj.绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的adv.完全；陡峭地vi.偏航vt.使偏航；使急转向n.偏航；透明薄织物bulk n.体积，容量；大多数，大部分；大块vt.使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要n.(Bulk)人名；(土)布尔克reptilian adj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的n.爬虫类动物aerodynamic adj.空气动力学的，[航]航空动力学的countercurrent n.逆流；逆电流adv.相反地coiled adj.盘绕的；卷成圈的v.卷（coil的过去式和过去分词）；盘绕floe n.浮冰；大浮冰n.(Floe)人名；(英)弗洛2fail vi.失败，不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退vt.不及格；使失望；忘记；舍弃n.不及格n.(Fail)人名；(葡、捷)法伊尔；(法)法伊destruction n.破坏，毁灭；摧毁recurred vi.复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归ammonoids [古生]菊石类drastic adj.激烈的；猛烈的n.烈性泻药recurrent adj.复发的；周期性的，经常发生的deflecting adj.偏转的；变向的v.使偏（deflect的ing形式）；打歪devastation n.毁坏，荒废collided v.碰撞，冲突（collide的过去分词）estimated adj.估计的；预计的；估算的spewed vt.喷出；呕吐vi.喷涌；呕吐debris n.碎片，残骸n.(Debris)人名；(法)德布里herbivores n.[动]食草动物，植食动物；食草者（herbivore的复数形式）carnivores n.[动]食肉动物；食虫植物（carnivore的复数）presence n.存在；出席；参加；风度；仪态deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金sedimentary adj.沉淀的abundance n.充裕，丰富immense adj.巨大的，广大的；无边无际的；非常好的intense adj.强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的3hexagonal adj.六边的，六角形的granular adj.颗粒的；粒状的intermediate vi.起媒介作用adj.中间的，中级的n.[化学]中间物；媒介flakes n.鳞片；白点；发裂firn n.积雪；[水文]粒雪n.(Firn)人名；(法、德)菲恩chunks n.大块，矮胖的人或物（chunk的复数形式）calving n.产犊；裂冰作用v.产犊；崩解（calve的ing形式）deceiving v.欺骗（deceive的ing形式）static adj.静态的；静电的；静力的n.静电；静电干扰thereby adv.从而，因此；在那附近；在那方面reshaping v.矫形；使…再成形；[建]重新修整（reshape的ing形式）TPO161deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金metallic adj.金属的，含金属的ore n.矿；矿石n.(Ore)人名；(意、瑞典)奥雷；(英)奥尔gems n.[宝]宝石（gem的复数形式）n.(Gems)人名；(德)格姆斯tutelage n.监护；指导rank n.排；等级；军衔；队列adj.讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的vt.排列；把…分等vi.列为；列队n.(Rank)人名；(英、德、芬、捷)兰克blurred adj.模糊不清的；被弄污的v.玷污；使…模糊不清；使感觉迟钝（blur的过去式和过去分词）sect n.宗派kinship n.[法]亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系repudiate vt.拒绝；否定；批判；与…断绝关系；拒付v.概念化（conceptualize的过去分词）egalitarian adj.平等主义的n.平等主义；平等主义者shepherds n.牧羊人；牧人（shepherd的复数）；牧师v.带领（shepherd的三单形式）；放牧；照看flourished n.兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰vt.夸耀；挥舞vi.繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期mercantile adj.商业的；商人的；重商主义的n.商品peculiar adj.特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的n.特权；特有财产moral adj.道德的；精神上的；品性端正的n.道德；寓意n.(Moral)人名；(德、法、西、葡、土)莫拉尔stance n.立场；姿态；位置；准备击球姿势cement vt.巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi.粘牢n.水泥；接合剂aristocratic adj.贵族的；贵族政治的；有贵族气派的pastoralists n.牧民；放牧者；田园诗的作者（pastoralist的复数形式）pastures 牧草fragile adj.脆的；易碎的monetary adj.货币的；财政的circumvented vt.包围；陷害；绕行prowl vi.徘徊，潜行vt.在…搜寻；潜行于n.徘徊，潜行；悄悄踱步2prediction n.预报；预言descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的；描写性的arrange vt.安排；排列；整理vi.安排；排列；协商properties n.性能；道具，内容（property的复数形式）columns 塔器indicated adj.表明的；指示的v.表明（indicate的过去分词）；指出；显示bolder adj.更粗的；更醒目的n.(Bolder)人名；(德)博尔德尔scheme n.计划；组合；体制；诡计vi.搞阴谋；拟订计划vt.计划；策划n.(Scheme)人名；(瑞典)谢默residual n.剩余；残渣adj.剩余的；残留的3hub n.中心；毂；木片n.(Hub)人名；(捷)胡布divided adj.分裂的；分开的；有分歧的v.分开（divide的过去分词）；分离infinitesimally adv.极小地primordial adj.原始的；根本的；原生的TPO171ties n.结v.绑；连结impetus n.动力；促进；冲力distrusted vt.不信任n.不信任怀疑irresistible adj.不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的lesser adj.较少的；次要的；更小的adv.较少地；更小地；不及n.(Lesser)人名；(英、德)莱塞voyage n.航行；航程；旅行记vi.航行；航海vt.飞过；渡过masts [船]船桅[船]桅杆（mast的复数形式）sails n.[船]帆；航行（sail的复数）v.扬帆；乘船航行（sail的第三人称单数）lateen adj.大三角帆的；有大三帆的n.大三角帆船astrolabe n.[天]星盘；天体观测仪operated adj.操作的v.操作（operate的过去式和过去分词）precise adj.精确的；明确的；严格的originated v.起源，发起；发明（originate的过去式，过去分词）；准备呼叫acceptance n.接纳；赞同；容忍protocols n.协议；礼仪礼节；条款（protocol的复数）v.拟定议定书；拟定草案（protocol的三单形式）2appearances n.外观，外貌indistinct adj.模糊的，不清楚的；朦胧的；难以清楚辨认的conspicuous adj.显着的；显而易见的pattern n.模式；图案；样品vt.模仿；以图案装饰vi.形成图案camouflage n.伪装，掩饰vt.伪装，掩饰vi.伪装起来carnival n.狂欢节，嘉年华会；饮宴狂欢limelight n.石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt.使显露头角，使受到注目penetrated 鞭辟入里canopy n.天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹vt.用天蓬遮盖；遮盖scrublands n.灌木丛林地courtship n.求爱；求婚；求爱期inflating n.充气；加压v.膨胀；充气（inflate的ing形式）adj.膨胀的；充气的sacs n.[生物]囊，液囊；糖精（sac的复数）impediment n.口吃；妨碍；阻止ritualized adj.仪式化的；程序化的v.仪式化（ritualize的过去式）3derives 源于得自（derive的第三人称单数）immune adj.免疫的；免于……的，免除的n.免疫者；免除者strains n.[微]菌株（strain复数）；种族v.[力]拉紧；使过度劳累（strain的第三人称单数形式）inadvertently adj.非故意地，无心地flushed adj.激动的；心情愉快的v.使激动；排水（flush的过去式和过去分词）；脸发红hinder vi.成为阻碍vt.阻碍；打扰adj.后面的n.(Hinder)人名；(芬)欣德pollinators n.[植][农学]传粉者（pollinator的复数）association n.协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想catalysts [物化]催化剂distributed adj.分布式的，分布式的mutualism n.[生态]共栖，互利共生；互助论horn n.喇叭，号角；角vt.装角于n.(Horn)人名；(英、德、匈、捷、罗、波、芬、希、瑞典)霍恩；(法)奥尔恩洪acacia n.阿拉伯树胶；刺槐；金合欢属植物n.(Acacia)人名；(意)阿卡恰thorns n.[植]刺，刺尖（thorn的复数形式）；[植]荆棘leaflets 传单TPO181immediate adj.立即的；直接的；最接近的implications n.蕴涵式；暗指，暗示；含蓄，含意；卷入（implication的复数）kronor n.克朗（瑞典货币单位，krona的复数）abolished adj.废除的v.彻底废除；摧毁（abolish的过去分词）division n.[数]除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区stakeout 监视；立桩标出；派警察监视prosperity n.繁荣，成功2reversing adj.回动的v.颠倒；倒转；完全改变（reverse的ing形式）predict vt.预报，预言；预知vi.作出预言；作预料，作预报conductance n.[电]电导；导率；电导系数fetuses 胎胎儿（fetus的复数）amniotic adj.[昆]羊膜的blockages n.堵塞，堵塞；封锁；妨碍distracting adj.分心的；分散注意力的v.使分心（distract的ing形式）；转移注意力incongruous adj.不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的3pellets n.芯块，小球（pellet的复数）；靶丸v.使形成小球（pellet的第三人称单数）collisions n.[物]碰撞；冲突；撞击（collision的复数形式）populate vt.居住于；构成人口；移民于；殖民于destructive adj.破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的surge n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；汹涌澎湃；巨涌v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来TPO191wake vi.醒来；唤醒；警觉vt.叫醒；激发n.尾迹；守夜；守丧n.(Wake)人名；(英)韦克fortifications n.[军]防御工事（fortification的复数）robbed vt.抢劫；使…丧失；非法剥夺vi.抢劫；掠夺stunted adj.发育不良的；成长受妨碍的；长得矮小的v.阻碍…发展（stunt的过去式及过去分词形式）rebellion n.叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从fort n.堡垒；要塞；（美）边界贸易站vt.设要塞保卫vi.构筑要塞n.(Fort)人名；(法)福尔；(德、英、西、葡、匈)福特friction n.摩擦，[力]摩擦力entwined vt.缠住；盘绕；使缠绕vi.缠住；盘绕auxiliary n.助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构adj.辅助的；副的；附加的hereditary adj.遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的n.遗传类regiments n.兵团（regiment的复数）v.组团（regiment的第三人称单数形式）reverse n.背面；相反；倒退；失败vt.颠倒；倒转adj.反面的；颠倒的；反身的vi.倒退；逆叫TPO211harness v控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等generator n发电机geothermal adj.地热的circulate v（使某物）循环extract v1(a)取出;拔出:(b)获取（钱、消息等）（通常指获自不愿给予者）;强索:2压出,榨出（汁液等）:3从书、讲话等中选取（段落,例子,词句等）;摘录;选录reservoir n1（天然的或人工的）水库,蓄水池.2储藏;汇集fracture v（使某物）折断,破碎sink v下沉;沉没withdrawn(withdraw)v.撤回,撤消,取回;撤退,离开2scarce adj1难获得而不足的:2稀有;罕见oscillate v1（使某物）摆动:2（感情、行为、想法等）波动,动摇,犹豫:3（指电流、无线电波等）振荡,振动.brusque adj（指人及人的举止等）粗暴和唐突,无礼的nomadic adj游牧的;流浪的cognitive adj认知的;有关认识的fluidity n流动性;流动状态.integration n结合;综合;融合intensive1adj1(a)集中的;密集的(b)在有限时间内紧张工作的2彻底的3加强语气的:domesticate v尤用于被动语态使（某人）习惯于或喜爱家务和家庭生活他婚后已非常恋家了illiterate n文盲;无知的人inquire v.询问;调查;讯问;调查;查问3recount v详细叙述某事;讲述某事intrigued adj.好奇的;被迷住了的blossom v健康地成长;长成或发展成（某事物）;兴盛(b)变得活跃correlation n相互的关系。
托福tpo阅读重点词汇语境记忆1-智课教育旗下智课教育(精)
托福tpo阅读重点词汇语境记忆1-智课教育旗下智课教育(精)Saturated solution 饱和溶液Abundant 丰富的;大量的Rainfall is abundant in the region. 该地区降雨量充沛。
Our country has a vast territory and abundant resources. 我国土地辽阔,资源丰富。
Soak 渗透Let the clothes soak for a few hours in soapy water.让衣服在肥皂水里泡几个小时。
Before planting the bushes, soak the ground with water. 种这种灌木之前先把地面浇透。
Incredible 难以置信的;不可信的Some planets run at incredible speed.某些星球以难以置信的速度运行着。
The plot of this book is incredible. 这本书的情节不可信。
Unconsolidated 松散的;疏松的Unconsolidated soil松散的土壤Coarse 粗糙的;粗俗的His coarse habits have gradually fined away.他粗俗的习惯渐渐变得文雅起来。
She never wears clothes made of coarse material.她从来不穿粗布衣服。
Coarse bran 粗糠Coarse adjustment 粗调Pore 细孔He was sweating through every pore. 他的每个毛孔都在冒汗。
Cement 黏结,巩固;水泥Let's cement the parts together.咱们来把这些部件粘接在一起吧。
Our holiday together cemented our friendship.共度假日使我们的友谊更加牢固。
新托福TPO全部词汇题TPO1-24分析解析
TPO1○Confusing○Comforting○Unbelievable○Interesting○Far away○Hidden○Partly visible○Discovered○Cover○Change○Separate○Surround○Now let us turn to○Of greater concern are○Washed○Dragged○Filled up○Changed○Debated○Created○Supported○Ascribes○Leaves○Limits○Contrasts○Artistic○Important○Independent○Established10．○Compromise○Inclination○Tradition○R espect○Striking○require○resist○achieve○endure○adapted○likely○difficult○resistant○Exact○Scarce○Valuable○Initial○Explained○Visible○Identified○Located○Changing direction ○Decreasing weight○Endangered○Prevented○Rejected○Fragile○Predictable○Complex○Valuable○Openly○Impressively○Objectively○Hidden by○Except for○Intelligently○Obviously○Criticism○Leaders hip○Help○Approval○Was improved○Was varied○Was rejectedTPO3in the passage is closet in meaning to ○In existence○Without question○Achievable○○Combined○Created○Introduced○Suggested○Essential○Variable○Practical○in meaning to ○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared○Continuing○Surprising○Initial○W ithout any restriction○Unlike anything in the past○Clearly○Perhaps○Unfortunate○Predictable○Unavoidable○Final○Natural○Final○Specific○Complex○Increase○Ensure○Favor○Complicate○Differs○Loses significance○Is common12．○Foreign○Stable○Fluid○NeighboringTPO43.○ Consists of○ Combines○ Restricts○ Establishes4.○ Impatiently○ Humorously○ Continuously○ That does not begin when expected○ That lasts only briefly10．○ Decline○ Reco very○ Exchange1．○Limited○Adequate3．○Major○Likely○Well protected○Distinct5．The○Conditions○Problems○Influences○Decorations1．○Grow up○Build up○Spread out○Break apart5．age is closest in meaning to ○Nearby○Existing○Special○Deep9．○Shifting○Inclining○Forming○Rolling11．○Reach○Flood○Pollute○AlterTPO52.fight offshowcausespreadaffectsmakes easiergrownprotectedspread outpreventincreaseremovepowerfulfavorablecurrentskillstoolsopportunitiespracticesmysteriousunexpectedacknowledgedsignificant1.importantunexplainedsudden2.collectivelycomparatively3.steady decline in numbergradual increase in body sizepreventencourageaffectTPO6○utilized○recognized○examined○○quickly○began to prefer○ wanted to have○ became used to○○gained○established○profited from○○○strict○basic○○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviously○vanished○developed○varied○survived10. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○possibly○absolutely○surprisingly○nearlyin the passage is closest in meaning to ○flexible○believable○debatable○○○ repetition○occurrence○idea○○partially○consistently○○ viewpointTPO71．○○requirement○purpose○feature8. The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning to○members○large numbers○populations○different types11. The word “Turbulent” in the passage is clo sest in meaning to○fresh○deep○violent○temperate3. The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○thinking about○fixation on○interest in○accepted○combined○introduced○encouraged○abilities○areas○combinations○models1.○was understood○spread○developed7. The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to○fascinating○far-reaching○necessary○temporary8. The word “ritual” in the passage is closest in meaning to○military○physical○ceremonial○afraid of○displaced by○running away from○responding toTPO8○ancient○carefully○very large○identify p○make an argument for○describe○ambition○sincerity○faith○cleverness○most productive○pr incipal○earliest○adapt○move○continue○compete○extremes○retreats○periods○variations○approach○strike○pass○circle○exhaustion○disturbance○modification○disappearance1. The word merge in the passage is closest in meaning to○expand○combine○remains○sites○requirements○sources○temporary○small○multiple○familiar○clues○features○arguments○effects○inflexibly○convincingly○carefullyTPO9○before○immediately after ○during○in spite of○Frozen○Various○Isolated○Huge○not familiar○not suitable○not dangerous○chance○protection○possibility○incentive○supported○shaped○stimulated○suggested○occur○succeed○apply○unbiased○positive○systematic○thorough○persuasive○original○practical○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○plentifully○usefully○multiply○emerge○live○evolve○hidden○inactive○underground○preservedTPO101meaning to○ origin○ importance○ quality○ design3. meaning to○ divided○ extended○ developed○ vanished6. in meaning to○ improved○ investigated8. closest in meaning to ○ while○ previously○ surprisingly○ because12.○○ descriptions○ types of ware○ pots○ noticeable○ confusing○ true○ unlikely○ dramatic○ important○ unpredictable○ common○ records○ discussio ns○ results○ variations○ called upon○ supported○ expected2.○ many○ important○ hidden6.○○ very low○ traditional○ primary11.○○ an arrangement found only in England○ a type of agreement negotiated in English○ a type of partnership based on English lawTPO11○ usual○The word○○ influence○ environment○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ layer○ center○○○ classifies○ elevates○The wor in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ interested○ puzzled○The word in the passage is closest in meaning to ○○ inadequate○ limited○ creativein the passage is closest in meaning to ○ new○ increasing○ convincingThe in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ remove from○ place on○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ not real○ short-term○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ discovery○ explanation○ locate exactly○ copy accurately○The in the passage is closest in meaning to○ require○ gain○ use○ produceTPO12The phrase in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ dominated○ helped with○ setupThe phrase in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ revealed○ pictured○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ findings○ ideas○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○considered○altered○The in the passage is closest in meaning to○○accomplishments○parallels○contradictionsThe word in the passage is closest in meaning to ○○explained○conducted○coordinated with○started○expectedthe Euphrates,in the passage is closest in meaning to○○unfortunately○rapidly○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○farmers○tribes○in the passage is closest in meaning to○○cracks○storms○The word in the passage is closest in meaning to○○permanent○motionless○intactTPO13in the passage is closest in meaning to○○ elaborate○ private○○○ exposing○ providing○ understandingin the passage is closest in meaning to○ enlarge○ evaluate○ impress○ acceptthreatening to ostracizein the passage is closest in meaning to○ detractin the passage is closest in meaning to○○Additionally○Nevertheless○○○strong○enduring○○length○feature○process○repetitionLight influence in setting the clock. Even a fifteen-minute burst of light inThe word in the passage is closest in meaning to○ intense○ uninterrupted○ natural○○clearly○quickly○consistently○○○powerful○common○similar○visual○permanent○meaningful○measurableTPO14○estab○approve of○understand○criticize○skillful○attitudes○actions○charac○helpful○believable○valuable○familiarareas received more rainfall than northern areas, problems of water were○surprisingly○understandably○unusual○unexpected○extended○used up○reduced○wasted○interest○status○demand○profit○strange○positive○direct○far○reliable○noticeable○convincing○violent○depart from○pay attention to○travel across○natural to○different from all other○quite common amongThe in the passage is closest in meaning to○common transformation○daily activityThe in the passage is closest in meaning to○strength○effort○activity○massThe phrase in the passage is closest in meaning to ○heats up in○runs through○unlimited○reasonable○long○describe○challenge○explain○test○sudden○unusual○immediate○extreme○○linked○frozen○fully developed○○enlarge○approximate○equal○push○change○extend○exaggerated○unusual○usable○thick○harmlessTPO16The worker was bound to the master by a mutual contract that either one and the○○reject○reviewsage is closest in meaning to○○responsibility○custom○○○division of labor○economic system○closest in meaning to○○surprisingly○consequently○particularly○○○interpretation○requirement○meaning to○weight○requirement○plenty○○similar to○○○discovered ○reported○○○Typically○Consistently ○○rich○thin○unique○○○long ago○simply○certainly TPO17○○Opportunity ○Stimulus○○○Greatly○Immediately ○○○Improved ○Drawn○○○skills○activities○rules○○Noticeable○change○imitate○communicate○hide○○Enlarging○Loosening○○○effort○delay○○repeats○makes use of○increases the intensity of○○Digests○Obtains○Controls○○Influenced○Infected○strengthened○○Indefensibly○Substantially○Unintentionally○○Defines○Emphasizes○Reflects○SuggestsThe word “progressive” in the passage i s closest in meaning to rapidpartialincreasingindividualThe word ”flaw” in the passage is closest in meaning tofaultmysteryThe word “triggered” in the passage is closest in meaning toremovedfollowedincreasedcaused1.The word “periodically” in the passage is closest in the meaning tocontinuouslyquicklyregularlycarefully2.The word “empirical” in the passage is closest in meaning toreliablebased on common senserelevantbased on observation1.The word “tremendous” in the passa ge is closest in meaning todistinctgrowinghugeimmediate2.The word “acquire” in the passage is closest in meaning torejectobtainneedproduce3.The word “illuminates” in the passage is closet in meaning toopenscompleteslightselectrifies4.The word “initiated” is closet in meaning tostartedintensifiedfinishedexpectedTPO 191.The word “suppress” in the passage is closest in meaning toO respond toO warn againstO avoid the impact ofO stop by force2.The word “friction” in the passage is closest in meaning t oO rebellionO conflictO neglectO given the right toO able to afford toO encouraged toO required to1.The word “substantiated” in the passage is closest in meaning toO confirmedO noticedO definedO publicized2.The word “trend” in the passage is closest in meaning toO probabilityO pictureO lawlike regularityO tendencyThe word “likewise” in the passage is closest in meaning toO sometimesO similarlyO apparentlyO consequently3.The word “legitimately” in the passage is closest in meaning toO commonlyO broadlyO properlyO officially4.The word “initiated” in the passage is closest in meaning toO approvedO identifiedO startedO foreseen1.The word “accumulations” in the passage is closest in meaning toO signsO piecesO typesO deposits2.T he word “heterogeneous” in the passage is closest in meaning toO remainingO variedO familiarO layered3.The word “enjoy” in the passage is closest in meaning toO experienceO resembleO expectO dominate4.The word “reveal” in the passage is closest in meaning toO result fromO vary withTPO201.The word "fringes" in the passage is closest in meaning toO bordersO groupsO typesO directions2.The word "proliferation" in the passage is closest in meaning toO growthO cooperationO importanceO success3.The word "superseded" in the passage is closest in meaning toO replacedO reformedO equaledO increased4.The word "diverted" in the passage is closest in meaning toO collectedO shiftedO transportedO sold1.The word "momentous" in the passage is closest in meaning toO numerousO regularO very importantO very positive2.The word "exploited" in the passage is closest in meaning toO exploredO utilizedO inhabitedO improved3.The word "cramped" in the passage is closest in meaning toO primitiveO secureO extendedO confined4.The word "shifts" in the passage is closest in meaning toO effectsO similaritiesO changesO exceptions5.The word "abruptly" in the passage is closest in meaning toO informallyO brieflyO suddenlyO surprisingly1.The word "agencies" in the passage is closest in meaning toO forcesO changes2.The word "terrestrial" in the passage is closest in meaning toO landO protectedO alternativeO similar3.The word "enhance" in the passage is closest in meaning toO controlO limitO combineO increaseThe word "precise" in the passage is closest in meaning to O complexO quickO exactO reliable4.The word "prospect" in the passage is closest in meaning toO completionO varietyO possibilityO speedTPO 211.The word "practical" in the passage is closest in meaning toO usableO plentifulO economicalO familiar2.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toO economicalO familiarO plentifulO useful3.The word "exploiting" in the passage is closest in meaning toO locatingO increasingO making use ofO estimating the size of1.The word "option" in the passage is closest in meaning toO choiceO benefitO ideaO experience2.The word "therefore" in the passage is closest in meaning toO in theoryO obviously3.The word "imaginative" in the passage is closest in meaning toO complexO creativeO immediateO reliable4.The word "contention" in the passage is closest in meaning toO investigationO improvementO debateO interpretation1.The word "ample" in the passage is closest in meaning toO surprisingO convincingO plentifulO questionable2.The word "reasonable" in the passage is closest in meaning toO consistentO sufficientO apparentO deep3.The word "elaboration" in the passage is closest in meaning toO developmentO specializationO useO transformationTPO221.The word "exceedingly" in the passage is closest in meaning toO unusuallyO dangerouslyO surprisinglyO highly2.The word "modifies" in the passage is closest in meaning toO createsO changesO grows onO breaks down3.The word "Efforts" in the passage is closest in meaning toO LawsO SuggestionsO AttemptsO Failures1.The word "duplicated" in the passage is closest in meaning toO copiedO replacedO handledO clarified2.The word "authenticity" in the passage is closest in meaning toO genuinenessO repetition3.The word "reluctant" in the passage is closest in meaning toO unableO embarrassedO unlikelyO unwilling4.The word "unanticipated" in the passage is closest in meaning toO indirectO not expectedO unquestionableO beneficial5.The word "accidental" in the passage is closest in meaning toO surprisingO unintentionalO realisticO unusual1.The word "location' in the passage is closest in meaning toO sightO sakeO successO place2.The word "allusion" in the passage is closest in meaning toO additionO modificationO resemblanceO reference3.he word "enigmatic" in the passage is closest in meaning toO dangerousO mysteriousO interestingO surprising4.The word "pristine" in the passage is closest in meaning toO pureO solidO ordinaryO trappedTPO23○ frightening○ very large○e passage is closest in meaning to○○ be higher than○ add to○ location○ history○ temperature○in meaning to ○○ blocked○ increased○○○ Despite○ As a result of○○ sale○ storage○ exportation○○ continuous○ well documented○ famous○○ incredible○ unfortunate○ predicted○The wo○○ uncommon○ questionable○○○ comparatively○ apparentlyage is closest in meaning to ○○ apply○ identify○○○ raisedTPO24The word “gains” in the passage is closest in meaning to○results○increase s○resources○savingsThe word “Conversely” meaning to○on the other hand○in the same way○in other words○expected○additional○serious○unfortunateThe word “exclusive” in the pass age is closest in meaning to ○consistent○perfect○partial○soleThe word “considerable” meaning to○significant○Steady○Usual○necessary3.The word “resume” in the passage is closest in meaning to○reduce4○stop○Readjust○restart4. The word “traumatic” meaning to○Essential○highly stressful○highly unusual○unwise5.The word “intense” in the passage is closest in meaning to○strong○questionable○obvious○deliberate6.The word transition in the passage is closest in meaning to ○change○climate○decline○problem。
托福阅读TPO核心词汇 .
托福阅读TPO核心词汇第一篇：Groundwater（TPO1）groundwater n. 地下水saturate ['sætʃəreɪt] v. 浸透; 使湿透; 渗透; 使充满available [a'vail·a·ble || -ləbl] adj. 有空的, 有用的abundant [a'bundant || -nt] adj. 大量的; 丰富的; 充足的; 富裕的meteoric [me·te·or·ic || ‚mɪːtɪ'ɑrɪk ,-ɔrɪk /-ɒrɪk] adj. 流星的; 大气的; 疾速的circulate [cir·cu·late || 'sɜːkjʊleɪt] v. 循环, 环行; 传阅; 传播, 流传; 流通; 使循环; 传递; 使传播; 传阅soak [səʊk] n. 浸泡, 浸渍; 烂醉; 酒鬼v. 使上下湿透, 吸入, 浸; 浸泡, 渗透precipitation [pre·cip·i·ta·tion || prɪ‚sɪpɪ'teɪʃn] n. 猛然落下; 急躁; 猛冲; 鲁莽solid [sol·id || 'sɑlɪd /'sɒl-] n. 固体; 立方体; 固态物; 固体非流质食物adj. 固体的, 坚固的, 实心的underfoot adv. 在脚下面, 碍事beneath [be·neath || bɪ'niːθ] adv. 在...之下gravel [grav·el || 'grævl] n. 砂砾; 砂砾层v. 铺碎石, 使搁浅, 使困惑particle [par·ti·cle || 'pɑrtɪkl /'pɑːt-] n. 粒子, 极小量, 点grain [greɪn] n. 谷物; 谷粒; 谷类v. 使成粒状; 对粒面进行处理; 使深深渗入; 成粒状, 结晶pebble [peb·ble || 'pebl] n. 小圆石, 小鹅卵石v. 用卵石铺; 在上印卵石花纹; 用卵石连续扔coarse [kɔːs] adj. 粗糙的, 粗俗的, 下等的steadily adv. 稳定地, 有规则地, 无变化地laden ['lad·en || 'leɪdn] adj. 装满的; 苦恼的; 负担重的consolidated [con'sol·i·dat·ed || -tɪd] adj. 巩固的; 统一的; 团结的deposit [de·pos·it || dɪ'pɒzɪt] n. 存款, 堆积物, 定金v. 存放; 堆积; 沉淀fanwise adj 呈扇形的sandbar n. 沙洲pore [pɔr /pɔː] n. 毛孔; 细孔; 气孔v. 注视, 凝视; 默想, 沉思; 钻研, 熟读gap [gæp] n. 缝隙, 间断, 缺口cement [ce·ment || sɪ'ment] n. 水泥; 接合剂v. 接合; 巩固; 用水泥涂; 粘牢percolate [per·co·late || 'pɜrkəleɪt /'pɜː-] v. 过滤; 使浸透; 使渗出; 过滤; 浸透; 渗出consolidation [con·sol·i·da·tion || kən‚sɒlɪ'deɪʃn] n. 巩固, 强化, 加强; 合并; 联合, 统一; 变坚固proportion [pro·por·tion || prə'pɔrʃn /-'pɔː-] n. 比例, 部份, 均衡v. 使成比例, 分摊, 使均衡crystalline [crys·tal·line || 'krɪstəlaɪn] adj. 水晶的, 结晶性的, 透明的volcanic [vol·can·ic || vɑl'kænɪk /vɒl-] adj. 火山的, 猛烈的, 象火山的bubble [bub·ble || 'bʌbl] n. 泡沫, 幻想v. 冒泡, 沸腾; 使冒泡, 滔滔不绝地说porosity [po·ros·i·ty || pɔ'rɑsətɪ /pɔː'rɒ-] n. 多孔性, 有孔性permeability [per·me·a·bil·i·ty || ‚prmɪə'bɪlətɪ/‚pɜː-] n. 渗透; 可透性; 渗透性; 导磁性cavity [cav·i·ty || 'kævətɪ] n. 洞; 腔; 空穴crevice [crev·ice || 'krevɪs] n. 裂缝basalt [ba·salt || 'bæsɔːlt] n. 玄武岩consist [con·sist || kən'sɪst] v. 组成, 构成; 一致, 符合; 在于, 存在于instantly [in·stant·ly || 'ɪnstəntlɪ] adv. 立即地; 即刻地film [fɪlm] n. 软片, 影片, 薄膜v. 覆以薄膜, 拍摄; 生薄膜, 拍电影relative [rel·a·tive || 'relətɪv] n. 亲戚, 关系词adj. 有关系的, 比较的,Sam 老师前沿工作室。
【备考词汇】托福阅读TPO真题词汇整理――TPO1讲解
【备考词汇】托福阅读TPO真题词汇整理本文是托福阅读真题TPO1的托福词汇题,托福阅读词汇题是托福阅读重点题型,熟悉TPO真题将有效帮助大家提升托福考试效率。
希望能给正在备考的同学带来帮助。
TPO 1champion---support 支持;保卫ascribe---attribute 归因于autonomous---independent 自治的;独立的penchant---inclination 倾向;嗜好;爱好dramatic---striking 戏剧性的;激烈的attain---achieve 获得;达到prone---likely 倾向于prevalent---widespread 普遍的;广泛的incredible---unbelievable 难以置信的;不可思议的out of sight---hidden 看不见的;隐藏的overlay---cover 覆盖;重叠so much for---that is enough about 表示大量的plug---fill up 塞满;使充满TPO2devoid of---lacking in 缺乏的progressively---increasingly 前进地delicate---fragile 脆弱的threatened---endangered 受到威胁的precious---valuable 宝贵的exposed---visible 暴露的;可见的propulsion---moving forward 推进readily---easily 轻易地assistance---help 援助expanded---was enlarged 扩大的TPO3feasible---achievable 可行的enhance---improve 提高;加强devised---created 设计;发明integral---essential 不可或缺的arduous---difficult 费力的;辛勤的ensuing---subsequent 接踵而至的;随后的unprecedented---unlike anything in the past 空前的virtually---almost 实际上地inevitable---unavoidable 不可避免的particular---specific 特别的;特殊的guarantee---ensure 担保pales---loses significance 苍白的;无力的adjacent---neighboring 毗连的;邻近的TPO4inhibits---restricts 阻止;抑制Revised by AMELIAin the same breath---immediately 同时indefinite period---whose end has not been determined 无限期地rebound---recovery 回升;反弹marked—considerable 明显的;显著的principal---major 主要的trapping---decorations 装饰accumulate---build up 堆积;积累adjacent---nearby 邻近的;近旁的sloping---inclining 倾斜的foul---pollute 使污秽;弄脏TPO5exhibit---show展览;展示facilitates---makeeasier使便利suspended---hung挂起afford---offer提供;给予overwhelming---powerful势不可挡的implements---tools工具;用具undisputed---acknowledge无可置疑的,确认significant---important重要的relatively---comparatively相对地diversification---emergenceofmanyvarieties多样化;多元化promote---encourage提升;增进TPO6exploited---utilized 开采;开发;利用vastly---greatly 广大地;许多地grow accustomed to---become used to 习惯于retain---maintain 保持;保留rudimentary---basic 根本的;未发展的meticulously---carefully 精心地;细致地endure---survive 耐久;忍耐virtually---nearly/ almost 差不多,几乎虚拟;其实plausible---believable (借口或解释有道理的phenomenon---occurrence 现象;事件critically---fundamentally 危急地;重要地perspective---viewpoint 远景;前途TPO7objective---purpose 目标;目的scores---large numbers 大量;众多turbulent---violent 狂暴的;吵闹的obsession with---fixation on 固定foster---encourage 鼓励sphere---area 范围;领域 diffused---spread 传播;扩散 Revised by AMELIA profound---far-reaching 深刻的;意义深远的 ritual---ceremonial 典礼;仪式 fleeing---running away from 逃避;逃跑 TPO8 massive---very large 可观的;大量的 pinpoint---identify precisely 准确找出;非常精确 ingenuity---cleverness 独创力;聪明才智predominant---principal 最重要的 cope---adapt 成功的应付;适应 fluctuation---variation 变化;波动 bombard---strike 炮击;攻击 disruption---disturbance 瓦解;崩溃;失调 merge---combine 混合;联合 relics---remains 遗迹miniature---small 小型的;微型的 hint---clue 暗示，线索 TPO9 persuasively---convincingly---compelling 令人信服地 prior to---before 在…之前;较早的 vast---huge 巨大的;广阔的 inhospitable---not suitable 不好客的;不适宜居住的 impetus---incentive 激励;刺激 justified---supported 有正当理由的 flourish---succeed 茂盛;繁荣 objective---unbiased 客观的;公正的 at random---without a definite pattern 任意地;随便地abundantly---plentifully 丰富的;大量的 propagate---multiply 繁衍;增殖 dormant---inactive 潜伏的;不活跃的 TPO10 status---importance 重要身份evolve---develop 使发展;使进化 instigate---cause 鼓励;怂恿;造成 whereas---while 然而;反之 striking---noticeable 显著的 erratic---unpredictable 不确定路线 deliberation---discussion 商议 invoke---call upon 调用;号召 key---important 重要的 meager---very low 不足的;缺乏的。
TPO1-18阅读重点词汇(精)
APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTSidentical [i'den·ti·cal || aɪ'dent ɪkl ]adj. 同一的 ; 一卵的 , 同卵的 ; 完全相同的 , 完全相似的 ; 同源的 applied [ap·plied || ə'pla ɪd ]adj. 实用的 ; 应用的compromise [com·pro·mise || 'kɒmpr əma ɪz ]n. 妥协 , 折衷案 , 折衷v. 互让解决 ; 放弃 ; 连累 , 危及 ; 泄露 ; 妥协 , 让步structural [struc·tur·al || 'strʌkt ʃər əl ]adj. 结构的 , 建筑的internal [in·ter·nal || ɪn't ɜrnl /-'tɜːnl ]n. 本质 , 本性 ; 内部器官 , 内脏adj. 内在的 ; 国内的constant ['con·stant || 'kɑnst ənt /'kɒn-]n. 常数 ; 恒量adj. 不变的 ; 坚决的 ; 持续的exaggeration [ex·ag·ger·a·tion || ɪg‚zædʒə're ɪʃn ]n. 夸张 , 夸大 ; 夸张的手法 ; 夸张的言语concert [con·cert || 'kɒns ət ]n. 音乐会 , 一致 , 合奏v. 商议 , 使协调 , 协同安排 ; 协力 , 一致行动 , 协调craft [kr ɑːft ]n. 技艺 , 诡计 , 手艺v. 精巧地制作construct [con·struct || kən'str ʌkt ]n. 构思的结果 , 构想 ; 概念v. 建造 ; 创立 ; 构造fiber [fi·ber || 'faɪb ə(r]n. 纤维 ; 质地 ; 纤维物质 , 纤维质料 ; 性格common [com·mon || 'kɒm ən ]n. 公共用地 , 公有地adj. 通常的 , 通俗的 , 共同的 ; 公用的shelter [shel·ter || 'ʃelt ə(r]n. 遮盖物 ; 避难所 ; 躲避处 ; 掩蔽 , 遮蔽v. 掩蔽 , 遮蔽 ; 保护 ; 庇护 ; 躲避 ; 避难support [sup·port || sə'p ɔrt /-'pɔːt ]n. 支撑 ; 支援 , 支持v. 支撑 , 扶持 , 支托 ; 资助 ; 支持 , 赞成 , 拥护 ; 忍受 , 忍耐 container [con'tain·er || -nə]n. 容器 ; 集装箱substance [sub·stance || 'sʌbst əns ]n. 物质 , 主旨 , 实质pertain [per·tain || pɜr'te ɪn /pɜː-]v. 属于 , 附属 , 关于arbitrary [ar·bi·trar·y || 'ɑːb ɪtr ər ɪ]adj. 专制的 , 任意的 , 恣意的roof [ru ːf ]n. 屋顶 ; 车顶 ; 顶部v. 盖屋顶 , 遮蔽discipline [dis·ci·pline || 'dɪs ɪpl ɪn ]n. 训练 , 纪律v. 训练 , 惩罚distribution [dis·tri·bu·tion || ‚d ɪstr ɪ'bju ːʃn ]n. 分配 ; 配给物 ; 分发rigid [rig·id || 'rɪd ʒɪd ]adj. 坚硬的 ; 不易弯曲的 ; 坚固的 ; 严格的renaissance [Ren·ais·sance || rə'ne ɪs əns ]n. 复活 , 文艺复兴 , 复兴statue [stat·ue || 'stætʃu ː]n. 雕像 , 塑像physicsn. 物理学aesthetic [aesthet·ic || iːs' θet ɪk(l]adj. 美学的 ; 艺术的 ; 美的 ; 审美的intention [in·ten·tion || ɪn'ten ʃn ]n. 意图 , 目的 , 意向 ; 意思 , 含义 ; 求婚意图 ; 愈合sculptor [sculp·tor || 'skʌlpt ə(r]n. 雕刻家internal [in·ter·nal || ɪn't ɜrnl /-'tɜːnl ]n. 本质 , 本性 ; 内部器官 , 内脏adj. 内在的 ; 国内的obstruct [ob·struct || əb'str ʌkt ]v. 阻隔 , 阻塞 , 妨碍incidental [in·ci·den·tal || ‚ ɪns ɪ'dentl ]n. 附带事件 ; 杂项 ; 偶然事件 ; 杂费adj. 附带的 , 容易发生的 , 偶然的Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANScetacean [ce·ta·cean || sɪ'te ɪʃj ən ]n. 鲸类动物 ; 鲸dolphin [dol·phin || 'dɒlf ɪn ]n. 海豚gill [d ʒɪl ]n. 鳃 #腮 #嘴巴 #菌鳃v. 用刺网捕 ; 除去内脏 ; 被刺网捕住absence [ab·sence || 'æbsəns ]n. 不在 ; 缺席 ; 缺乏presence [pres·ence || 'prezns]n. 出席 , 存在 , 到场blow·hole (blōh ōln.An opening or one of a pair of openings for breathing, located on the top of the head of cetaceans, such as whales and dolphins. The blowhole is opened by muscles uponsurfacing and closed by the pressure of water upon diving.A hole in ice to which aquatic mammals, such as dolphins, come to breathe. A vent to permit the escape of air or other gas.disguise [dis·guise || dɪs'ga ɪz ]n. 假面目 , 假装v. 假装 , 隐瞒affinity [af·fin·i·ty || ə'f ɪn ət ɪ]n. 倾向 , 喜好 , 本性 ; 密切关系 ; 姻亲关系 ; 类同dwelling ['dwell·ing || 'dwelɪŋ]n. 住处 , 寓所 , 住宅otter [ot·ter || 'ɑt ər /'ɒt ə]n. 水獭 , 水獭皮seal [s ɪːl ]n. 印章 , 印信 , 图章 ; 封印纸 ; 封 ; 封条 #海豹 ; 海豹皮v. 封 , 密封 ; 保证 ; 盖章 , 盖印于 ; 确认 ; 猎海豹walrus [wal·rus || 'wɔːlr əs ]n. 海象 , 海象胡须limb [l ɪm ]n. 肢 ; 脚 ; 臂 ; 翼 #边缘 ; 叶边 ; 刻度圈 , 分度弧v. 肢解 ; 从截去树枝 ; 给 ... 截肢envision [en·vi·sion || ɪn'v ɪʒn ]v. 想像 ; 预想intermediate [,in·ter'me·di·ate || ‚ ɪnt ə(r'mɪːd ɪe ɪtd ] n. 中间物 , 调停者v. 作中间人 ; 干预adj. 中间的 , 中级的transitional [tran'si·tion·al || træn'zɪʃn əl ]adj. 变迁的 ; 过渡期的officiallyadv. 官方地 , 正式地embeddedadj. 植入的 ; 内含的 ; 深入的precious [pre·cious || 'preʃəs ]adj. 宝贵的 , 珍爱的 , 过于精致的adv. 很 , 非常exact [ex·act || ɪg'zækt]v. 强要 ; 急需 , 需要 ; 勒索adj. 精确的 , 精密的 , 准确的detect [de·tect || dɪ'tekt ]v. 察觉 ; 侦查 ; 发觉shallow [shal·low || 'ʃæləʊ]adj. 浅的 , 肤浅的skeleton [skel·e·ton || 'skelɪtn ]n. 骨骼 , 梗概 , 瘦如柴的人adj. 骨骼的 ; 概略的 ; 骨瘦如柴的 ; 最基本的sediment [sed·i·ment || 'sedɪm ənt ]n. 沉淀物 , 沉积exposed [ex·posed || ɪk'sp əʊzd ]adj. 暴露的 , 暴露于风雨中的 , 无庶蔽的feature [fea·ture || 'fɪːt ʃə(r]n. 特征 , 特色 , 容貌 ; 全长胶片 ; 吸引 ; 报纸上的一般栏目 ; 程序的优点 , 专长 , 特点 (计算机用语v. 是 ... 的特色 ; 放映 ; 特写vestigial [ves·tig·i·al || ve'stɪd ʒɪəl ]adj. 留有痕迹的 ; 退化的 ; 残余的portion [por·tion || 'pɔr ʃn /'pɔː-]n. 部分 ; 一份遗产 ; 一份 , 一客 ; 命运 , 定数v. 把 ... 分成多份 ; 给 ... 一份嫁妆 ; 分配locomotion [lo·co·mo·tion || ‚l əʊk ə'm əʊʃn ]n. 运动 , 转位 , 移动rear [r ɪr /rɪə]n. 后部 , 后面 ; 后方 ; 背后 , 背面 ; 后尾v. 抚养 , 培养 ; 栽种 , 培植 ; 饲养 ; 竖起 , 举起 ; 高耸 ; 用后腿站起 ; 暴跳adj. 后面的 , 背后的 , 后部的 ; 殿后的 ; 后方的propulsion [pro·pul·sion || prə'p ʌl ʃn ]n. 推进 , 推进力visible [vis·i·ble || 'vɪz əbl ]adj. 看得见的 , 显然的 , 明显的even though即使 ; 虽然visible =The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.DESERT FORMATIONaccelerate [ac·cel·er·ate || æk'seləre ɪt ]v. 使增速 ; 促使 ... 早日发生 ; 促进 ; 使加速 ; 加快 ; 增加 ; 增长stony [ston·y || 'stəʊn ɪ]adj. 多石的 , 无情的particle [par·ti·cle || 'pɑrt ɪkl /'pɑːt-]n. 粒子 , 极小量 , 点retain [re·tain || rɪ'te ɪn ]v. 保持 , 保留substantial [sub·stan·tial || səb'stænʃl ]adj. 实质上的 , 有内容的 , 物质的penetration [pen·e·tra·tion || ‚pen ɪ'tre ɪʃn ]n. 穿透 ; 穿透深度 ; 穿透能力 ; 渗透absorption [ab·sorption || əb's ɔːp ʃn ]n. 专心 , 热中 , 吸收diminish [di·min·ish || dɪ'm ɪn ɪʃ]v. 减少 , 缩减 , 减小 ; 把减半音 ; 削弱 ... 的权势 , 降低 ... 的声誉 ; 使成尖顶 ; 变小 , 缩小 ; 成尖顶 ; 失势 , 被贬低progressive [pro'gres·sive || prə'gres ɪv ]n. 改革论者 , 进步论者adj. 前进的 , 进步的 , 累进的deterioration [de·te·ri·o·ra·tion || dɪ‚t ɪər ɪə're ɪʃn ]n. 恶化 , 变坏 ; 堕落 ; 退化global warming地球温室效应 ; 全球气温上升subsequent ['sub·se·quent || 'sʌbs ɪkw ənt ]adj. 后来的 , 并发的border [bor·der || 'bɔːd ə]n. 边缘 , 边沿 ; 边界 , 国界 , 边境 ; 饰边 , 滚边 ; 应用视窗四面的框架 (计算机用语 v. 与 ... 接壤 ; 接近 ; 毗邻 , 接界 ; 近似environmental [en·vi·ron·men·tal || ɪn‚va ɪər ən'mentl ]adj. 环境的 ; 有关环境的subject [sub·ject || 'sʌb ʒɪkt ]n. 题目 , 科目 , 主题v. 使隶属 , 使受到adj. 受他国统治的 , 受制于 ... 的 , 未独立的fuel [fu·el || 'fjuːəl /'fjʊəl ]n. 燃料v. 加燃料 ; 供以燃料 ; 得到燃料phenomenon [phe·nom·e·non || fɪ'n ɑm ɪn ɑn ,-nən /fɪ'n ɒm ɪn ən ] n. 现象 ; 非凡的人 , 稀有的事 , 奇迹margin [mar·gin || 'mɑrd ʒɪn /'mɑːd ʒɪn ]n. 页边的空白 ; 极限 ; 边缘v. 页边的空白 ; 极限 ; 边缘excess [ex·cess || ɪk'ses ]n. 过度 , 超过 , 剩于adj. 过度的 ; 额外的capacity [ca'pac·i·ty || -sət ɪ]n. 容量 , 才能 , 能力grazingn. 放牧 ; 牧草 ; 牧场gathering ['gath·er·ing || 'gæðər ɪŋ]n. 聚集 ; 收款density ['den·si·ty || 'densət ɪ]n. 密度severe [se·vere || sɪ'v ɪr /-'vɪə]adj. 严厉的 , 剧烈的 , 严格的extensive [ex·ten·sive || ɪk'stens ɪv ]adj. 广的 , 多方面的 , 广泛的livestock ['live·stock || 'laɪvst əʊk ]n. 家畜 ; 牲畜grass [græs /grɑːs ]n. 草 , 牧场 , 草原v. 使吃草 , 放牧 ; 在 ... 上种草 ; 使长满草 ; 长草trample ['tram·ple || 'træmpl]n. 踩踏 , 蹂躏v. 踩 , 践踏 ; 蔑视 ; 蹂躏 ; 伤害 ; 踩 , 践踏 ; 蔑视 ; 脚步沉重地走 ; 伤害pulve rization [pul·ver·i·za·tion || ‚p ʌlv əra ɪ'ze ɪʃn ]n. 研碎 ; 彻底摧毁 ; 粉碎 ; 毁灭shrub [ʃr ʌb ]n. 矮树 ; 灌木 #甜酒nutrient [nu·tri·ent || 'nuːtr ɪənt /'nju-]n. 营养物 , 滋养物adj. 营养的 , 滋养的excess [ex·cess || ɪk'ses ]n. 过度 , 超过 , 剩于adj. 过度的 ; 额外的drainage [drain·age || 'dreɪn ɪd ʒ]n. 排水dissolve [dis·solve || dɪ'z ɒlv ]v. 分解 ; 使融化 ; 使溶解 ; 使液化 ; 分解 ; 融化 ; 溶解 ; 液化crustaladj. 地壳的rigorously ['r ɪg ər əsl ɪ]adv. 严厉地 ; 残酷地vegetation [veg·e·ta·tion || ‚ved ʒɪ'te ɪʃn ]n. 植被 , 呆板单调的生活 , 植物 , 草木The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.EARLY CINEMAcinema [cin·e·ma || 'sɪn ɪm ə]n. 电影院 ; 电影emerge [e·merge || ɪ'm ɜːd ʒ]v. 浮现 , 脱出 , 形成initial [in·i·tial || ɪ'n ɪʃl ]n. 起首字母 ; 首字母v. 签姓名的首字母adj. 开始的 , 字首的 , 最初的arcade [ar·cade || ɑː'ke ɪd ]n. 拱廊 ; 长廊商场 ; 骑楼permit [per·mit || pɜr'm ɪt ,pər- /pə'm ɪt ,pɜ-] n. 通行证 , 执照 , 许可证v. 允许 , 容许model [mod·el || 'mɑdl /'mɒdl ]n. 模型 , 模特儿 , 模范v. 使模仿 , 塑造 ; 做模型 , 做模特儿adj. 模范的 , 作模型用的maximize (Amer.['max·i·mize || 'mæksɪma ɪz ] v. 取 ... 最大值 ; 最佳化profit [prof·it || 'prɑf ɪt /'prɒ-]n. 利润 , 利益 , 赢利v. 有益 , 赚钱 , 获利 ; 有益于admission [ad·mis·sion || əd'm ɪʃn ]n. 加入许可 ; 入场券 ; 承认 , 坦白device [de·vice || dɪ'va ɪs ]n. 装置 ; 图案 ; 设计 ; 可以发送或接受数据的硬件成分 (计算机用语theater [the·a·ter || 'θɪət ə(r]n. 剧场 ; 电影院 ; 戏院legitimate [le·git·i·mate || lɪ'd ʒɪt ɪm ət ]v. 认为正当 , 使合法 , 立为嫡嗣adj. 合法的 , 婚生的 , 正当的ultimate [ul·ti·mate || 'ʌlt ɪm ət ]n. 终极 , 顶点 , 根本adj. 终极的 , 极限的 , 根本的previously ['pre·vi·ous·ly || 'prɪːv ɪəsl ɪ]adv. 事先 ; 仓促地 ; 以前 ; 不成熟地minstrel [min·strel || 'mɪnstr əl ]n. 吟游诗人spectator [spec·ta·tor || 'spekteɪt ə /spek'teɪt ə] n. 观众 , 旁观者 , 目击者entertainment [,en·ter'tain·ment || ‚ent ə(r'teɪm ənt ] n. 款待 ; 娱乐表演 ; 娱乐assemble [as·sem·ble || ə'sembl ]v. 集合 ; 装配 ; 聚集 ; 集会 , 集合 , 聚集substance [sub·stance || 'sʌbst əns ]n. 物质 , 主旨 , 实质participation [par·tic·i·pa·tion || pɑr't ɪs ɪ'pe ɪʃn /pɑː't-] n. 分享 , 参与manipulation [ma·nip·u·la·tion || mə'n ɪpj əle ɪʃn /-jʊl-] n. 处理 ; 操纵 ; 操作camera [cam·er·a || 'kæmər ə]n. 照相机 , 摄影机 ; 暗室relationship [re'la·tion·ship || rɪ'le ɪʃn ʃɪp ]n. 关系 , 关联 ; 亲属关系 ; 人际关系 ; 姻亲关系 proportion [pro·por·tion || prə'p ɔr ʃn /-'pɔː-]n. 比例 , 部份 , 均衡v. 使成比例 , 分摊 , 使均衡readily [read·i·ly || 'redɪl ɪ]adv. 乐意地 , 欣然地 ; 无困难地 , 容易地 ; 很快地 , 立即地easily [eas·i·ly || 'iːz ɪl ɪ]adv. 容易地 , 流利地 , 轻易地He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.AGGRESSION(OGengage [en·gage || ɪn'ge ɪd ʒ]v. 使忙碌 ; 预定 ; 雇佣 ; 答应 ; 交战 ; 从事psychologist [psy·chol·o·gist || saɪ'k ɑl əd ʒɪst /saɪ'k ɒ-]n. 心理学者approach [ap·proach || ə'pr əʊt ʃ]n. 门径 , 接近v. 靠近 ; 动手处理 ; 接近numerous [nu·mer·ous || 'nuːm ər əs /'nju-]adj. 很多的 , 多数的 , 数目众多的aggression [ag·gres·sion || ə'gre ʃn ]n. 进攻 ; 侵略hypothalamusn. 丘脑下部stimulus ['stim·u·lus || stɪmj əl əs /-mjʊl-]n. 刺激 , 刺激品 , 激励instinctive [in·stinc·tive || ɪn'st ɪŋkt ɪv ]adj. 本能的 , 直觉的 , 天生的stereotypicaladj. 陈规的 , 老套的moderate [mod·er·ate || 'mɑdr ət /'mɒd-]n. 温和主义者 , 稳健派v. 节制 , 使缓和 , 使稳定 ; 变温和 ; 静息 ; 变弱 ; 主持会议adj. 适度的 , 中等的 , 稳健的instinct [in·stinct || 'ɪnst ɪŋkt ]n. 本能 , 直觉offshootn. 分支 , 支流sociobiologyso·ci·o·bi·ol·o·gy (sōs ē-ō-b ī-ŏl ə-j ē, -shē-n. 社会生物学The study of the biological determinants of social behavior, based on the theory that such behavior is often genetically transmitted and subject to evolutionary processes. desirable [de·sir·a·ble || dɪ'za ɪər əbl ]adj. 值得向往的 ; 令人满意的 ; 值得拥有的 ; 富有魅力的behavior [be·hav·ior || bɪ'he ɪvj ə]n. 行为 , 举止 ; 运转状态 , 性能 ; 态度 ; 反应 , 变化geneticallyadv. 从基因方面 ; 从遗传学角度adulthood [a·dult·hood || 'ædʌlth ʊd ]n. 成人期struggle [strug·gle || 'strʌgl ]n. 奋斗 ; 努力 ; 斗争 ; 使劲v. 努力 , 挣扎 , 奋斗 ; 尽力使得 , 使劲移动existence [ex'ist·ence || -təns ]n. 存在 ; 生活 ; 实在transmit [trans·mit || trænz'mɪt ,-s-]v. 传输 , 传达 , 转送 ; 发射信号 , 发报generation [gen·er·a·tion || ‚d ʒen ə're ɪʃn ]n. 一代 , 产生 , 一世impulse [im·pulse || 'ɪmp ʌls ]n. 冲动 , 刺激 , 驱使crucial [cru·cial || 'kruːʃl ]adj. 决定性的 , 严厉的 , 重要的frustration [frus'tra·tion || 'frʌ'stre ɪʃn ]n. 挫败 ; 受挫 ; 挫折desire [de·sire || dɪ'za ɪə]n. 欲望 , 要求v. 想要 , 请求gratify [grat·i·fy || 'grætɪfa ɪ]= satisfyv. 使满足satisfy [sat·is·fy || 'sætɪsfa ɪ]v. 使满意 , 符合 , 满足 ; 令人满意 , 替人赎罪in a sense在某种意义上explosion [ex·plo·sion || ɪk'spl əʊʒn ]n. 爆发 ; 爆炸 ; 发出furniture [fur·ni·ture || 'fɜrn ɪt ʃə(r /'fɜːn-]n. 家具 , 附属品verbal ['ver·bal || 'vɜrbl /'vɜːbl ]n. 准动词adj. 言语的 , 逐字的 , 口头的therapist [ther·a·pist || 'θer əp ɪst ]n. 治疗学家 ; 特定疗法技师vent [vent ]n. 通风孔 ; 出口 ; 出烟孔v. 发泄 , 给 ... 开孔 , 排出catharsis [ca·thar·sis || kə' θɑːs ɪs ]n. 导泻 ; 净化作用valve [vælv]n. 活瓣 , 活门 , 阀tension [ten·sion || 'tenʃn ]n. 紧张 , 拉紧 , 不安cognitive [cog·ni·tive || 'kɒgn ɪt ɪv ]adj. 认知的 ; 有感知的 ; 认识的assert [as·sert || ə's ɜːt ]v. 声称 , 断言 ; 主张拥有 ; 坚持 , 维护 ; 显示interpret [in·ter·pret || ɪn't ɜrpr ɪt /-'tɜːp-]v. 解释 , 诠释 , 说明 ; 口译 , 翻译 ; 理解 ; 演奏 , 演 ; 作解释 ; 作口译 , 当翻译choice [t ʃɔɪs ]n. 选择 ; 精选品 ; 抉择adj. 上等的 , 精选的automatically [au·to·mat·i·cal·ly || ‚ɔːt ə'mætɪkl ɪ]adv. 自动地 ; 无意识地 , 机械地 , 不自觉地interpretation [in·ter·pre·ta·tion || ɪn‚t ɜrpr ɪ'te ɪʃn /-tɜːp-]n. 解释 , 翻译 , 演出assume [as·sume || ə'sju ːm ]v. 以为 ; 认为 ; 假定为 ; 承担inevitable [in·ev·i·ta·ble || ɪn'ev ɪt əbl ]=Unavoidableadj. 不可避免的 ; 必然的distort [dis·tort || dɪ'st ɔːt ]=Misinterpretv. 弄歪 ; 歪曲 ; 扭曲misinterpret ['m ɪs ɪn't ɜrpr ɪt /-'tɜː-]v. 曲解resent [re·sent || rɪ'zent ]v. 愤恨 , 怨恨 , 憎恶For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATIONmanufacturing [,man·u'fac·tur·ing || ‚mænə'fæktʃər ɪŋ /-njʊ'f-] n. 制造业 , 工业skilled [sk ɪld ]adj. 熟练的 ; 有技能的artisan [ar·ti·san || ‚ ɑːt ɪ'zæn]n. 工匠 ; 技工craft [kr ɑːft ]n. 技艺 , 诡计 , 手艺v. 精巧地制作impart [im·part || ɪm'p ɑrt /-'pɑːt ]v. 给予 ; 告知 ; 传授trade [tre ɪd ]n. 贸易 , 交易 , 商业v. 交易 , 经商 , 买卖 ; 用 ... 进行交换apprentice [ap·pren·tice || ə'prent ɪs ]n. 学徒 , 生手v. 使做学徒journeyman ['jour·ney·man || 'dʒɜrn ɪm ən /'dʒɜːn-]n. 学徒期满的职工 ; 熟练工人article [ar·ti·cle || 'ɑːt ɪkl ]n. 一件 ; 商品 ; 物品 ; 文章 ; 送到一个新群组的信息 (计算机用语 v. 订约将 ... 收为学徒merchant [mer·chant || 'mɜrt ʃənt /'mɜː-]n. 商人 , 店主adj. 商业的 ; 商人的capitalist ['cap·i·tal·ist || 'kæpɪtl ɪst ]n. 资本家 ; 资本主义者unskilledadj. 不熟练的 , 拙劣的 , 未成熟的semiskilledadj. 半熟练的availability [a·vail·a·bil·i·ty || ə‚ve ɪl ə'b ɪl ət ɪ]n. 有效 ; 可利用性 ; 有益 ; 可得到的东西credit [cred·it || 'kredɪt ]n. 赊帐 , 赊欠 ; 银行存款 ; 信誉 ; 信用 , 信赖v. 归功于 , 信任 , 赞颂creation [cre'a·tion || -'eɪʃn ]n. 创造 ; 创立 ; 创作 ; 世界 , 万物 , 宇宙accustom [ac·cus·tom || ə'k ʌst əm ]v. 使习惯于occur [oc·cur || ə'k ɜr /ə'k ɜː]v. 发生 , 出现apprentice [ap·pren·tice || ə'prent ɪs ] n. 学徒 , 生手v. 使做学徒supervise [su·per·vise || 'suːp ə(rvaɪz ] v. 监督 ; 指导 ; 管理moral [mor·al || 'mɔr əl /'mɒ-]n. 道德 , 寓意 , 品行adj. 道德的 , 良心的 , 品性端正的 leisurely ['lei·sure·ly || 'lɪːʒərl ɪ /'leʒə-] adj. 悠闲的 , 从容的adv. 从容地 , 悠闲地elegant ['el·e·gant || 'elɪg ənt ]adj. 文雅的 ; 雅致的 ; 端庄的pride [pra ɪd ]n. 自豪 , 骄傲 , 自尊v. 使得意 , 以 ... 自豪gave way退却或者放弃放弃优势或者地位sense [sens ]n. 感官 ; 感觉 ; 官能 ; 意识v. 感到 , 认识 , 理解necessitate [ne·ces·si·tate || nɪ'ses ɪte ɪt ] v. 使成为必需 , 需要 ; 迫使regiment [reg·i·ment || 'redʒɪm ənt ] n. 团 ; 大量 ; 大群v. 把 ... 编成团 ; 严密管制 , 严格控制 constant ['con·stant || 'kɑnst ənt /'kɒn-] n. 常数 ; 恒量adj. 不变的 ; 坚决的 ; 持续的alert [a·lert || ə'l ɜːt ]n. 警报 , 警戒 ; 警戒期间 ; 警戒状态v. 向 ... 报警 ; 使注意 ; 使警觉 ; 通知待命adj. 灵敏的 , 警觉的 , 留心的dependable [de'pend·a·ble || -dəbl ]adj. 可信任的 , 可信赖的 , 可靠的discipline [dis·ci·pline || 'dɪs ɪpl ɪn ]n. 训练 , 纪律v. 训练 , 惩罚absenteeism [ab·sen·tee·ism || ‚æbsən'ti ːɪz əm ]n. 在外地主经济制 ; 旷课 ; 旷工disrupt [dis·rupt || dɪs'r ʌpt ]= Upsetv. 使分裂 , 使瓦解 ; 使混乱 , 使中断disrupt = Upsetregiment [reg·i·ment || 'redʒɪm ənt ]n. 团 ; 大量 ; 大群v. 把 ... 编成团 ; 严密管制 , 严格控制community [com·mu·ni·ty || kə'mju ːn ət ɪ]n. 社区 , 共同社会 ; 社会 , 公众 ; 共同体 ; 共有emerge [e·merge || ɪ'm ɜːd ʒ]v. 浮现 , 脱出 , 形成momentum [mo·men·tum || məʊ'ment əm ]n. 动力 ; 要素collapse [col·lapse || kə'læps]n. 倒塌 ; 失败 ; 崩溃 ; 压缩 , 现有图书馆下属子目录或图书馆的隐藏 (计算机用语 v. 倒塌 ; 瓦解 ; 崩溃 ; 使倒塌spearhead =leadn. 矛头 , 枪尖 ; 先锋部队 ; 先锋v. 当 ... 的先锋 ; 带头 ; 为 ... 扫清道路immediate [im·me·di·ate || ɪ'm ɪːd ɪət ]adj. 立即的 , 近的 , 直接的ethnic [eth·nic || 'eθn ɪk ]adj. 种族的 ; 人种学的racial [ra·cial || 'reɪʃl ]adj. 人种的 , 种族的 ; 种族之间的resent [re·sent || rɪ'zent ]v. 愤恨 , 怨恨 , 憎恶antagonism [an·tag·o·nism || æn'tægən ɪz əm ]n. 对抗 ; 敌意 ; 对立 , 敌对 ; 对抗力量occupational [oc·cu·pa·tion·al || ‚ ɑkj ə'pe ɪʃnl /‚ ɒkj ʊ-] adj. 职业的 , 占领的loyalty ['loy·al·ty || 'lɔɪəlt ɪ]n. 忠诚 ; 忠诚的行为 ; 忠心tactics ['tac·tics || 'tæktɪks ]n. 战术 , 用兵学 ; 策略 , 手段agent [a·gent || 'eɪd ʒənt ]n. 代理人 ; 仲介人 ; 代理商 ; 间谍 , 特工 , 密探fortune [for·tune || 'fɔrt ʃn /'fɔːt ʃu ːn ,'fɔːt ʃn ]n. 财富 , 兴隆 , 运气wage [we ɪd ʒ]n. 薪水 , 代价 , 报偿 ; 工资v. 开展 , 进行laborn. 劳动 ; 分娩 , 阵痛 ; 劳工 , 劳方responsibility [re·spon·si·bil·i·ty || rɪ‚sp ɑns ə'b ɪl ət ɪ /-pɒn-]n. 责任 , 负担 , 职责Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade. NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATESpresidency [pres·i·den·cy || 'prezɪd əns ɪ]n. 总统职位 , 主席职位 , 总裁职位sweep [sw ɪːp ]n. 打扫 , 清扫 ; 绵亘 , 伸展 , 延伸 ; 一挥 ; 曲线v. 扫 ; 扫去 ; 清扫 , 打扫 ; 清除 ; 扫 , 袭击 , 打扫Democratic Party民主党派serve [s ɜrv /sɜːv ]n. 发球 , 开球v. 为 ... 服务 ; 供应 ; 为 ... 服役 ; 侍候 ; 服务 ; 供职 ; 服役 ; 帮佣 administration [ad·min·is·tra·tion || əd‚m ɪn ɪ'stre ɪʃn ]n. 经营 , 管理 ; 行政 , 施政 ; 监督 ; 管理部门 ; 行政部门 immeasurablyadv. 不可测量地 ; 广大无边地representative [,rep·re'sent·a·tive || ‚r ɪːpr ɪ'zent ət ɪv ]n. 代表 , 典型 , 众议员adj. 描写的 , 代理的 , 表现的senate [sen·ate || 'senət ]n. 参议院 ; 全体议员 ; 立法机构 ; 元老院elect [e·lect || ɪ'lekt ]v. 选举 ; 选择 , 决定 ; 推选 ; 作选择adj. 被选的 , 选出的declaration [dec·la·ra·tion || ‚dekl ə're ɪʃn ]n. 宣告 , 宣布 , 说明redefine ['r ɪːd ɪ'fa ɪn ]v. 重新定义relationship [re'la·tion·ship || rɪ'le ɪʃn ʃɪp ]n. 关系 , 关联 ; 亲属关系 ; 人际关系 ; 姻亲关系opponent [op·po·nent || ə'p əʊn ənt ]n. 对手 , 反对者 , 敌手adj. 敌对的 , 反对的gradually ['grad·u·al·ly || 'grædjʊəl ɪ]adv. 逐步地 , 渐渐地commerce [com·merce || 'kɒm ɜːs ]n. 商业 , 贸易 , 商务aristocrat [a·ris·to·crat || 'ærɪst əkræt]n. 贵族 ; 持贵族观点的人 , 主张贵族统治者 ; 具贵族气派的人 ; 佼佼者manipulate [ma·nip·u·late || mə'n ɪpj əle ɪt /-jʊl-]v. 操纵 , 操作 , 利用sap [sæp]n. 液 , 汁 ; 边材 ; 精力 , 元气 ; 笨蛋 #坑道 ; 削弱 , 破坏 ; 挖掘v. 使大伤元气 ; 使干枯 ; 在 ... 下挖掘 ; 在 ... 下挖掘坑道 ; 破坏 ... 的基础 ; 削弱 , 逐渐消耗 ; 挖坑道virtue [vir·tue || 'vɜrtju ː /'vɜː-]n. 德行 , 贞操 , 美德speculation [spec·u·la·tion || ‚spekj ə'le ɪʃn /-jʊ'l-]n. 思索 ; 推测 ; 沉思 ; 投机desire [de·sire || dɪ'za ɪə]n. 欲望 , 要求v. 想要 , 请求sacrifice [sac·ri·fice || 'sækrɪfa ɪs ]n. 祭牲 , 祭品 ; 牺牲 ; 献祭 ; 牺牲的行为v. 牺牲 ; 赔本出售 ; 献出 ; 献祭 ; 献祭 ; 作牺牲打feature [fea·ture || 'fɪːt ʃə(r]n. 特征 , 特色 , 容貌 ; 全长胶片 ; 吸引 ; 报纸上的一般栏目 ; 程序的优点 , 专长 , 特点 (计算机用语v. 是 ... 的特色 ; 放映 ; 特写agrarian [a·grar·i·an || ə'gre ər ɪən ]adj. 耕地的 , 土地的 ; 农业的n. 平均地权论者dominance [dom·i·nance || 'dɒm ɪn əns ]n. 优势 ; 支配 , 统治civilization (Amer.[civ·i·li·za·tion || ‚s ɪv ɪla ɪ'ze ɪʃn ]n. 文明 , 教化envision [en·vi·sion || ɪn'v ɪʒn ]v. 想像 ; 预想regulate [reg·u·late || 'regjəle ɪt /-jʊ]v. 管理 ; 为 ... 制订规章 ; 控制 ; 校准inclination [in·cli·na·tion || ‚ ɪnkl ɪ'ne ɪʃn ]n. 倾向 , 倾斜度 , 意愿inclination =Tendencymonopoly [mo'nop·o·ly || mə'n ɑp əl ɪ /-'nɒ-]n. 垄断 , 独占事业 , 专卖权philosophy [phi'los·o·phy || fɪ'l ɑs əf ɪ /-ɒ-]n. 哲学 , 原理 , 人生观sphere [sf ɪr/sfɪə]n. 球 ; 球形 ; 球体 ; 球面religion [re·li·gion || rɪ'l ɪd ʒən ]n. 宗教 ; 宗教团体 ; 教派 ; 宗教信仰humanitarian [hu·man·i·tar·i·an || hjuː‚mænɪ'ter ɪən /-'teər-] n. 人道主义者 , 基督凡人论者 , 博爱者adj. 人道主义的 ; 博爱的liberty [lib·er·ty || 'lɪb ə(rtɪ]n. 自由 ; 随意 ; 特权section [sec·tion || 'sekʃn ]n. 切下的部分 , 块 , 片 ; 节 ; 部分 ; 款 , 项v. 分段 , 切片foster [fos·ter || 'fɑst ə(r ,'fɔ- /'fɒs-]v. 养育 ; 培养 ; 抚育legislation [leg·is·la·tion || ‚led ʒɪs'le ɪʃn ]n. 立法 , 法律exclusively [ex'clu·sive·ly || -lɪ]adv. 专门地 ; 独占地 ; 专有地 ; 排外地disproportionate [,dis·pro'por·tion·ate || ‚d ɪspr ə'p ɔr ʃn ət /'pɔː-] adj. 不成比例的eager [ea·ger || 'iːg ə]adj. 热心的 , 热望的 , 渴望的surplus [sur·plus || 'sɜrpl ʌs /'sɜːpl əs ]n. 剩余 , 盈余 , 过剩adj. 过剩的 , 剩余的alienate ['al·ien·ate || 'eɪl ɪəne ɪt ]v. 使疏远 ; 让渡 , 转让 ; 离间 ; 使转移 , 使转向entrepreneur [en·tre·pre·neur || ‚ ɒntr əpr ə'n ɜː]n. 企业家 ; 主办人languishing ['lan·guish·ing || 'læŋgw ɪʃɪŋ]adj. 渐渐衰弱的 ; 脉脉含情的 ; 萎谢的 ; 懒洋洋的The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONSdespondent [de'spond·ent || -dənt ]= Unhappyadj. 丧气的 , 没有精神的 , 失望的apparently [ap'par·ent·ly || -lɪ]adv. 显然地friendliness ['friend·li·ness || 'fren(dlɪn ɪs ]n. 友谊 ; 亲切 ; 友善approval [ap'prov·al || -vl]n. 赞成 ; 承认 ; 正式批准hostile [hos·tile || 'hɑstl /'hɒsta ɪl ]adj. 怀敌意的 , 敌对的originator [o'rig·i·na·tor || ə'r ɪd ʒəne ɪt ə(r]n. 创作者 ; 发明人recognition [rec·og·ni·tion || ‚rek əg'n ɪʃn ] n. 认出 , 识别 ; 承认 ; 认识 ; 确认survival [sur·viv·al || sər'va ɪvl /sə'-]n. 留住生命 , 残存 , 生存facial [fa·cial || 'feɪʃl ]n. 美颜术 , 脸部按摩术adj. 脸的 , 脸部用的absence [ab·sence || 'æbsəns ]n. 不在 ; 缺席 ; 缺乏concur [con·cur || kən'k ɜː]= Agreev. 意见相同 , 互助 , 一致approach [ap·proach || ə'pr əʊt ʃ]n. 门径 , 接近v. 靠近 ; 动手处理 ; 接近manifest [man·i·fest || 'mænɪfest ]n. 载货单 ; 旅客名单v. 表明 , 证明 , 表现adj. 显然的 ; 明白的disgust [dis·gust || dɪs'g ʌst ]n. 厌恶 ; 嫌恶v. 使作呕indicate [in·di·cate || 'ɪnd ɪke ɪt ]v. 指出 ; 象征 ; 显示depict [de·pict || dɪ'p ɪkt ]v. 描述 ; 描写query [que·ry || 'kwɪr ɪ /'kwɪər ɪ]n. 疑问 , 质问 ; 预定 ; 疑问号 ; 从资料库取信息的要求 (计算机用语 v. 问 ; 对 ... 表示疑问 ; 询问 ; 把 ... 作为问题提出tribe [tra ɪb ]n. 部落 , 部族dwell [dwel ]v. 居住 ; 踌躇portray [por·tray || pɔr'tre ɪ /pɔː-]v. 画 ; 把 ... 描绘成 ; 描写 ; 扮演participant [par·tic·i·pant || pɑr't ɪs ɪp ənt /pɑː't-]n. 关系者 ; 参与者multiple [mul·ti·ple || 'mʌlt ɪpl ]n. 倍数 ; 多路系统 ; 并联adj. 复合的 ; 多人享有的 ; 多样的 ; 并联的intense [in·tense || ɪn'tens ]adj. 非常的 , 紧张的 , 强烈的psychological [,psy·cho'log·i·cal || ‚sa ɪk ə'l ɑd ʒɪkl ] adj. 心理学的 , 心灵的 , 精神上的argue [ar·gue || 'ɑːgju ː]v. 辩论 ; 认为 , 主张 ; 议论 ; 说服 ; 辩论 ; 争论signal [sig·nal || 'sɪgnl ]n. 信号 ; 信号器 ; 暗号 ; 交通指示灯v. 向 ... 作信号 , 用信号通知 , 标志 ; 发信号 , 打信号muscle [mus·cle || 'mʌsl ]n. 肌肉 , 臂力v. 使劲行进outward [out·ward || 'aʊtw ə(rd]adj. 外面的 , 公开的 , 外表的adv. 向外 , 表面 , 在外intensify [in'ten·si·fy || ɪn'tens ɪfa ɪ]v. 加强 ; 强化arousal。
托福TPO第27套阅读真题翻译及生词解析
托福TPO第27套阅读真题翻译及生词解析最新托福真题TPO第27套阅读第一篇，文章反映了托福“古代社会文明”类型的阅读的特点，阅读中的学科词汇很典型，对我们准备托福的阅读有很重要的参考意义，备战托福的同学不可错过。
【学科词汇总结words】craft手工艺urban城市的civilization 文明settlement定居点agriculture农业pottery实用陶器textile纺织品mold模具carve雕刻relief浮雕clay粘土utilitarian实用的elaborate精心制作的refined精制的【文章翻译translation】一、人类历史上的第一个城市乌鲁克兴起。
Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set ofsecondary settlements. While population estimates arenotoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history. 一些人类最早的文明崛起于公元前四千年的米索达比亚的南部（如今的伊拉克南部）。
托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)分享到：摘要：托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)!学好托福词汇是做好TPO词汇题的关键，所以大家在备考中一定要多积累，多准备。
托福TPO重点词汇大全中整理了TPO中各单项的重点词汇，希望能够帮助大家备考。
托福 TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)!学好托福词汇是做好TPO词汇题的关键，所以大家在备考中一定要多积累，多准备。
托福TPO重点词汇大全中整理了TPO中各单项的重点词汇，希望能够帮助大家备考。
TPO 1中的重点词汇vital生死攸关的essential必要的usual通常的context环境;上下文;来龙去脉environment环境connection连接influence影响,势力,感化requirement要求，必需品core核心center中心material物质的;重要的;肉体的; 材料layer层，阶层;地层frame框架depict描画;描述portray描绘;扮演imagine想象classifies分类elevate提升perplexed困惑的puzzled困惑的;茫然的defeated击败的occupied使用中的preposterous可笑的unbelievable不可信的inadequate不充分的limited有限的creative创造性的accumulating积累increasing增加convincing令人信服的; 有说服力的extensive广泛的impose on强加place on 加强于artificial人造的not real不真实的attractive吸引人的; 有魅力的;引人注目的 short-term短期的prediction预言expectation 期待surprise惊奇explanation说明;解释discovery发现pinpoint精确描述locate exactly精确定位observe 观察; 注意到recognize承认;认出，识别derive源于;得自gain增加require要求;需要use 使用produce生产;引起;创作相关推荐:托福听力TPO词汇论文对话场景整理托福词汇中介词用法大全托福短语关于in case的用法解读相关字搜索：托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全。
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托福阅读TPO重点词汇解析
托福阅读考试TPO专业词汇解析
托福考试的词汇量相对于雅思考试多了很多，托福阅读考试的文章主要以科普类为多，文章体裁涉及十分广泛，自然科学，人文科学，社会科学都会相关，所以相对来说，专业词汇比较多。
托福考试阅读中，所有的单词可以被归为两类：基本词汇和专业词汇。
一般基础词汇没有明显的专业背景，比如：suggest, like, island，而专业性词汇指的是一类有特定学科背景的词汇。
比如某一海的名称，像是Mediterranean n. 地中海;某一个化学术语，像是Precipitation(沉淀物)，或者某一种植物的疾病，像是 Chlorosis (变色病，萎黄病)等等。
比起基础词汇，托福阅读中的这些专业词汇更容易对我们造成阅读障碍。
所以，在考试之前，考生要专门抽出时间去总结一些专业词汇，这样很大限度上能够提高托福阅读考试难度。
考生可以尝试着做TPO,找出其中的一些TPO专业词汇，可以有准备的学习。
针对TPO,总结了TPO阅读中常出现的一些长难词汇，当然也包括一些TPO专业词汇，希望对广大考生有所帮助。
Groundwater n. 地下水
Unconsolidated adj. 疏松的;松散的
Porosities多孔性
Precipitation n. [化学] 沉淀，[化学] 沉淀物;冰雹;坠落;鲁莽
Unconsolidated adj. 疏松的;松散的
paragraph n. 段落;短评;段落符号 vt. 将…分段
Unconsolidated adj. 疏松的;松散的
Anthropologists [人类] 人类学家
autonomous adj. 自治的;自主的;[植]自发的
fundamental adj. 基本的，根本 n. 基本原理;基本原则。