Directions 优质文档 新
Directions
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word to correct them.Please follow the examples to correct errors:A.To change a word:Eg. Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness.Answer: by → forB.To add a word:Eg. A Television will fill the rooms sound.Answer: ∧ withC.To delete a word:Eg. You may have noticed about how people who live together come to behave in a similar way.Answer: ﹨aboutThe great whales are among the most fascinating creatureswhich have ever lived on earth, and one of them, the blue whale, 1._____________is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome 2._____________monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occa- sionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People found 3._____________the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from onewhale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients 4.______________as “great fish”, and any whale beaching along the coasts of Englandwas designated “the King’s fish” because it automatically belongedto the Crown.Ever since those early times, humans have felt whales a sense 5.______________of wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, andexploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. Even 6._____________though some species are protected by the regulations of the Inter- national Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale huntingis regulated, but the earth’s stock of whales is still being depleted.7._____________In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now on there may 8._____________be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for 9.______________removing from the earth forever a remarkable and awe-inspiring creature that always fed man’s imagination and made the world10._____________a more exciting place.。
《Directions》Countries around the World 优质教学课件
2 Read Part 2 of the lesson and write true(T) or false (F). 1.Li Ming and Wang Mei are looking at a map of the world.( T ) 2.Wang Mei’s grandparents will go to Australia for the Spring Festival.( F ) 3.The U.S.is north of Canada.( F )
Li Ming:It is north of the U.S.
Wang Mei:Oh, yes! It is green on the map! Danny is green,
And New Zealand is southeast of Australia. is north of Canada.
＊ All the country like to play football. 全国人民都喜 欢踢足球。
＊ My grandpa and grandma live in the country. 我祖 父母住在乡下。
04It’s southeast of China.它在中国的东南方。(教材 P114)
Guangdong is in the southeast of China. 全国人民都喜欢踢足球。
上/下/左/右”。 Let’s Do It!
01This is north. 全国人民都喜欢踢足球。
③We can see all the countries around the world.
＊ Nick This is east.
4 Read the passage and look at the compasses
Directions
Directions:A. Topic: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on the topic of loving our parents.B. Word limit: about 200 wordsC. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1) Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed2) Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon. Your essay must be written clearly.Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、大学生难找工作，2、原因很多，3、解决的办法Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1）很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍2）这种现象会带来哪些影响3）你对此的看法Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Composition entitled The Prevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1．我国某些传统节日受到冷遇，而西方节日却日益升温；2．形成这种现象的原因；3．你对这种现象的看法。
Directions
DirectionsHead east for 240m, at the roundabout, take Fenghuang Road for approx 3.2km, turn left toward 827 Country Road for 1.8km, turn right onto G98 Expy for 27.4km, exit from Haitang Bay, make first left onto Hai An Road & follow signs for resortDistance from Hotel:39 km.Drive Time:39 min.TYPETYPICAL MINIMUM CHARGECourtesy Bus Call Hotel for informationLimousine 3,300.00 CNYTaxi 150.00 CNYHaikou Meilan International AirportDirectionsTake the E Line Expy for approx 220km, exit from HaitangBay, make first left onto Hai An Road & follow signs for resort.Distance from Hotel:240 km.Drive Time:2.5 hr.TYPETYPICAL MINIMUM CHARGELimousine 3,300.00 CNYTaxi 800.00 CNY中国三亚方向为240头东，在回旋处，以凤凰路为约3.2公里，走827国道转为1.8公里，右转为27.4km G98高速，从海棠湾出口，使第一次离开到海安路跟踪标志的度假村酒店距离：39公里。
驱动时间：39分钟。
型典型最小费用礼貌巴士呼叫酒店信息轿车3300元出租车150元海口美兰国际机场方向以E线高速公路约220公里，从海棠湾出口，使第一次离开到海安路跟踪标志的度假村。
Unit8
一(每小题：1 分)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.1. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.A. elaborateB. rigidC. confinedD. prevailingE. evidentF. tendedG. scarcely H. processes I. deliberateJ. exclusive K. stimulated L. confidentM. devote N. inevitably O. devicesThere was a time when real men couldn't show much interest in how a home looked inside except the garage or basement workshop. Interior (内部的) design was once supposed to be the (1) exclusive elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices task for wives. However, if you visit decoration showrooms today, you will find that it is (2)evident elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices that something has changed.Men's interest began to shift indoors when modern technology became (3)prevailing elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices in media rooms with all that computer stuff. Hot tubs also (4)stimulated elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices men's imaginations, and got them into the bathroom. New kitchen (5)devices elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices were as difficult to handle as cars, and guys began to find them fascinating, too. As for the bedroom, that (6)tended elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices to be the last preserve (专利) of the wife. However, (7)elaborate elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices beds that promised a better night's sleep soon became a popular topic across the country, and (8) inevitabiy elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices attracted a great deal of attention from men.The roles of men and women have changed and there's a less (9)rigid elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices division between who's on top at work and who rules the home, so that, today, the home is often a gender-equal space. Both men and women work, both (10)devote elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices their attention and enthusiasm to home interior and both see home as a peaceful place.2. Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.A. relieveB. processC. strainD. sustainedE. retreatedF. moderateG. enrich H. enhance I. reliefJ. access K. restrain L. reversedM. deliberate N. inner O. worshipingWhat is meditation(冥想)? Meditation can be traced to the time when the Buddha (佛), monks (僧侣) (11) retreated relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping into forests and mountains to think quietly about the truth of the Buddha's Teaching. Meditation seems not only to help monks in (12)worshiping relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping the Buddha, but can also benefit ordinary people.Meditation is a skill – a skill of conscious, continuous attention. You already have part of this skill – what keeps you stressed is your ability to pay (13)sustained relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping attention to whatever is troubling you. Regular meditation practice can (14)relieve relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping everyday stresses. You begin by learning to pay (15)deliberate relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping attention to something pleasant and relaxing, and interrupt and (16) restrain relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping stress-producing thoughts. This will turn around the effects of stress. Eventually, meditation can improve your health, (17)enhance relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping your creativity, and even slow down the aging (18)process relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping .Many people who meditate regularly feel that its benefits go well beyond the (19) relief relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping of stress. They feel that meditation has enabled them to connect with a(n) (20)inner relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping source of wisdom and meaning. This connection has greatly enriched their lives.二．Part 4 Vocabulary and Structure(每小题：1 分)Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. The chairman insisted on his ridiculous ideas and argued so loudly and impolitely against all the other suggestions that many people ___A_____ into silence.A. retreatedB. recoveredD. regulated2. This problem was observed in some people in their thirties, but it was still not ____D__ in some sixty-and-seventy-year-olds.A. compatibleB. diverseC. significantD. evident3. It's a shame that I have learned French for 10 years and yet I am unable to ______B__ more than a few sentences.A. steerB. utterC. spillD. occur4. It's a common misconception that if a person is bright, wonderful ideas will flash _____A___ into his mind.A. spontaneouslyB. undeniablyC. geneticallyD. consiciously5. I think my emotions were so _____B___ that they immediately sensed that something had gone wrong.A. subtleB. transparentC. sensitiveD. intact6. _____C___, his hard work eventually gave him the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.A. Back and forthB. In a new lightC. Much to his reliefD. Now and then7. Law students tend to become more concerned with matters of proper procedure (手续) and show an increased _______D_ to reason.A. contradictionB. loyaltyC. allianceD. tendency8. She runs on average a mile every day since she went to junior high school, ___C_____.A. whatever weatherB. whatever weather isC. whatever the weatherD. whatever is the weather9. If the young man seeks nothing but pleasure, he will achieve nothing ____B____.B. in the endC. in timeD. in order10. As soon as the teacher left the classroom, the newcomer was surrounded by the other pupils and was showered ______A__ questions.A. withB. ofC. forD. by11. The modern-day cookie, as we know it, ____B____ about 200 years ago, with the introduction of tea and coffee into Europe.A. kept in shapeB. came into beingC. set upD. gave rise to12. Crossed arms can show ______B__ patience, displeasure, or judgment—any of which would prevent people from opening up.A. a range ofB. a lack ofC. a string ofD. a matter of13. There is a rule that applies ____C____ the clothes you wear during your interview: You should look like you belong there.A. forB. withC. toD. in14. Love is most successful if the two people have both physical and mental _____A___.A. compatibilityB. processC. missionD. order15. Among the amazing annual figure of six million visitors to this famous tourist attraction, out-of-town tourists ____A____ no more than a quarter.A. constituteB. consistC. constructD. contain16. This non-profit organization's aim is to ____C____ the quality of life and employment options of persons with disabilities.A. acquireB. nurtureC. enhance17. Sports programs can help high school girls learn how to ______D__ an active, healthy lifestyle into their busy study schedule.A. interpretB. interactC. interfereD. intergrate18. It was unusual for a writer to be able to produce films on his works, and ___D_____ few film directors were writers in their own right.A. ideallyB. scarcelyC. casuallyD. conversely19. Because Australia's native people and black Africans share such _____C___ characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related.A. profoundB. inevitableC. superficialD. appealing20. The fire was a heavy blow, but we were ______A__ to pick up the pieces and get the business back on its feet.A. determinedB. accustomedC. scaredD. restrained21. Since the demand for roses has kept dropping over the past few years, rose growers are starting to sell other types of flowers so as to _____B___ lost rose sales.A. pull awayB. make up forC. serve onD. open up to22. Be patient. It just _____C___ time to make sure that your company is in good position and worth the investment.A. usesB. spendsC. takesD. gets23. When the rescue team arrived at the village, they only found houses left ______D__ after the earthquake.A. to destroyB. to be destroyedC. destroyingD. destroyed24. Just because someone is good or bad at one thing, it does not ____C____ that the personwill also be good or bad at other things.A. engageB. involveC. guaranteeD. concede25. There is considerable _____A___ with respect to attitudes toward technology, mostly from one generation to another.A. variationB. privilegeC. conventionD. deficiencyPart 5 Reading comprehension(每小题：1 分)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.1.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.Manners evolved differently in different cultures. In earlier times there was a tendency for manners to become increasingly formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th and 19th centuries having good manners was seen as an important part of one's education and social class, and it was necessary to be taken as a lady or a gentleman to get ahead in the world.In the 20th and 21st centuries, manners have gradually become more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of the wealthy elite (精英), and private clubs are being gradually replaced by more open meeting places. So the manners of the salon (沙龙) are gradually combining with the manners of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in manners, as can be seen in the following examples.It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males is once again becoming acceptable. Students in North America often wear baseball caps to class. In many countries the wearing of hats indoors by males was once acceptable even in very polite society, but over the years this became considered as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both the middle and upper classes. The young people who wear hats indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very old cultural tradition.A comparable development for females is the wearing of jeans. Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home or at work. Some see this as a symbolic declaration that they are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like boys, wear baseball caps both indoors and outdoors.Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans or sneakers on Fridays (called "dress-down Friday" or "casual Friday"), and others permit it almost all the time. In these companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the bosses by their first names.1. What does the passage mainly talk about? AA. Changes of manners over time.B. Formal manners in the earlier times.C. Different manners in different cultures.D. Development of manners in different classes.2. In the 20th and 21st centuries, _________. AA. manners are not as formal as in the pastB. manners in a pub are getting more and more formalC. proper clothing is a good indication of good mannersD. rich people no longer behave formally in social gatherings3. According to the passage, "the manners of the salon" in paragraph 2 most likely refers to _____C_____.A. Formal manners of drinking.B. Informal manners of drinking.C. Formal manners at social gatherings.D. Informal manners at social gatherings.4. According to the passage, nowadays wearing a hat indoors can actually be viewed as ____D_____.A. a revolutionB. social progressC. a worsening situationD. a return to the old tradition5. According to the author, today wearing hats indoors, and wearing jeans at work mainly indicate that _______C__.A. women are no longer inferior to menB. people no longer pay attention to dressing detailsC. people are getting more relaxed in terms of mannersD. some companies have lower requirements for their employees2.）Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.Scientists and others in the psychological, sociological fields have asserted that humans use maybe 0.01 to 0.10 percent of our brain. Here is an easier way of understanding what that means.First let us make it clear that mechanically you use 100 percent of your brain. Enhancing usage to its maximum is another subject. So when someone puts a percentage of use on the brain they do not mean that the other, say 90 percent, is not active or useless.Think of it this way. Let's say your brain is a stereo (立体声音响). When you are using your stereo you are using 100 percent of it. If the volume knob (旋钮) is set at a 2 level, then you are not getting the same usage when compared to turning the volume knob to 8 or 10.So what scientists are trying to get across to us is we have a lot more room in our cranium (头盖骨) to fill. We have more volume to boost. We are not even close to tapping our potential of brain power.There is no physical data to determine in clear evidence the amount of usage the human brain has. However, there has been data that has shown that people have increased their brain power. Then there are the people who show mental abilities that are very rare. Some people with autism (自闭症), for example, have had the ability to calculate very high levels of math equations (方程式) without ever having learned how.There are also more and more variables we are learning about the brain. Studies suggest that even though our brain is one as a whole, we evidently get production out of separate parts of the brain for different mental tasks. We have all heard of the right brain/left brain references for example.So regardless of how you want to interpret the brain usage by percentage, the fact is that it is the most amazing gift we have. A computer is nothing compared to the human brain. And we can build upon our ability to get more out of it. So turn up the volume button and get the brain working.6. What is the problem mainly talked about in this passage? CA. More than 90 percent of our brain is not active.B. More than 90 percent of our brain is not suitable for use.C. More than 90 percent of our brain is not used to the maximum.D. More than 90 percent of our brain use is not known to scientists.7. In Paragraph 3, the author's main purpose is to ______C___.A. give us instructions about how to better use a stereoB. show the difference between volume levels in a stereoC. make us understand why we are not fully using our brainsD. determine how loud music affects the functions of our brains8. What do the scientists mean by "we have a lot more room in our cranium to fill" in Paragraph 4?A. There is still some space for the brain to grow. BB. There is still some potential in human brains to explore.C. We still have a long way to go in the study of human brains.D. We still have different opinions about the proper use of our brain.9. What does the author try to show with the example of people with autism? BA. The brain has an unlimited amount of usage.B. Some people may have special mental abilities.C. The brain has different parts to perform different tasks.D. Some people may increase their brain power through learning.10. What does the author encourage the reader to do in the last paragraph? DA. Listen to more music.B. Learn more about our brains.C. Improve our computer skills.D. Make more use of our brains.3）Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.Between the 1950s and the early 1980s, the evolving role of Japanese women had been most obvious in their attitudes toward marriage and the family system. There had been a trend away from arranged marriages. Many young women admitted that they took paid employment mostly in order to find a husband on their own. In spite of this and other influences a 1982 figure showed that almost 40 percent of marriages were still arranged. This figure was, however, half the size of a 1955 survey which showed that almost 81 percent of marriages were arranged. Once married, many women in the early 1980s continued to work, and increasingly they returned to work after childbirth, something which was hard to imagine a generation before. A woman's role in the family was evolving as well, becoming more and more dominant.Women had sought more personal satisfaction from their lives since 1950s. In the beginning of the1980s, during their lives before marriage women made up an almost free-wheeling (随心所欲) part of Japanese society. A survey of new brides reported that only 12 percent expected their marriage to be happy. At that time, Japanese still regarded marriage not as the peak of a romance but as a duty that was primarily social and practical in significance. As a result, Japanese women took full advantage of their years before marriage. Most women remained at home while working, living with their family in a sort of extended dependency. Japanese women, however, must be careful to maintain themselves within acceptable social standards, one woman being told, "If you act like that, you will not be wanted as a bride."Once married a Japanese women found herself in a role opposite of the perceived sex roles in Japan –the female was dominant in the house. The relationship between the partners of a Japanese marriage clearly showed the evolving role of women. It must be remembered that a short one hundred years ago the attitude toward women was that "In everything she must obey her husband". By the early 1980s the role of women had changed: A Japanese woman had almost unquestioned power within the family system of today's Japan.11. What is the passage mainly about? AA. Changes in the role of Japanese women.B. Changes in the styles of Japanese marriages.C. Japanese women's struggle for independence.D. Japanese women's increased power in their families.12. What did the author say about Japanese women before the 1950s? BA. Many women continued to work after marriage.B. A majority of women had their marriages arranged.C. Only less than half of women had arranged marriages.D. Many women went to work in order to find a husband.13. What was marriage in many Japanese people's eyes in the early 1980s? CA. It was the end of their romance.B. It was the beginning of a happy life.C. It was a social responsibility one has to fulfill.D. It was the highest point of their romantic relationship.14. Which of the following was the main cause for most Japanese women in the early 1980s to take full advantage of their years before marriage?A. They believed they would no longer have a happy life after marriage. AB. They knew they could not be as dominant as before after getting married.C. They should not go beyond acceptable social standards after marriage.D. They would no longer have time to work after marriage.15. "The perceived sex roles" in the last paragraph most probably refers to the fact that the wife_____A____.A. had to obey the husband in the familyB. had to support the husband and his familyC. could make decisions on everything in the familyD. could question some of the husbands' decisions4）Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog.Earlier this week the UK clinical psychologist, Professor Tanya Byron, warned that parental paranoia about child safety could expose children to greater risks indoors. She warned that by denying (拒绝) children the opportunity to play outside, they are likely to face greater dangers inside from the Internet.As we can see, there are far fewer kids out and about on street corners or in parks unaccompanied by adults. Obviously, the drive to reduce risks in children's lives has been firm.So, in trying hard to keep their loved ones safe, are parents denying children the freedom they need to develop and grow up? Quite possibly so. There is a real danger that by over-protecting and over-supervising (监督) children: Society could be denying children the opportunity to grow up into capable, confident adults. But we should not blame parents for this. Parents are constantly being overwhelmed with warnings about the dreadful things that can happen to their children if they do not keep a watchful eye on them.Now parents are asked to worry about the risks awaiting indoors when their children go online. But should they?A 2006 national survey of teenagers found that more than half (55 percent) of US youngsters between 12 and 17 years of age use social networking sites such as Myspace and Facebook. Tanya Byron admits that the "concrete evidence of harm resulting from the Internet is fairly limited". Also, a literature review in 2008 shows that "there is a lack of information about any actual harm experienced by users of social networking sites". So why all this fear?Of course, where there is freedom, there will always be "opportunities" for abusers and criminals. But every aspect of our lives poses potential risks, which ultimately we all need to learn to negotiate rather than try to eliminate. As Danah Boyd, a social media scholar,said at a conference, "There are potential risks on Myspace but it is important not to exaggerate them. The risks are not why youth are surging to the site. To them, the benefits for socialization outweigh the potential harm." Boyd argued that, although letting go and allowing youth to deal with risks is terrifying for parents, "it's necessary for youth to mature".16. What does "paranoia" in the first paragraph most probably mean? BA. A lack of attention to children's safety.B. Too much concern about their children's safety.C. Fight for their children's opportunity to play outside.D. Permission for children to do many outdoor activities.17. According to the passage, what may be the major consequence for parents not to allow their children to go outside to play?A. The children may not know how to get to a park. DB. The children may not know how to socialize with other people.C. The children may blame their parents for their tight control.D. The children may not be able to grow up into capable, confident adults.18. In arguing that the Internet has limited harm on children, the author ______D____.A. has simply presented his opinionsB. has provided quite many relevant statisticsC. has used examples to support his argumentD. has cited experts' opinions and research results19. According to Danah Boyd, facing the situation that many children go online, parents should ________A____.A. let their children face the situation on their ownB. find some measures to eliminate the risks for their childrenC. fully inform their children of the possible risks they may haveD. discuss with their children and reach an agreement on Internet use20. What is the main message the author tries to get across? AA. Parents should stop over-protecting their children.B. Parents should let their children grow up on their own.C. Parents should monitor their children's indoor behavior more.D. Parents should work hard to reduce risks in their children's lives.5）Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.Leadership is the ability of a person to guide people in a group toward achieving a task at hand. I believe that leaders are made; they are not born and a person can always be a good leader if he makes full use of the following list of leadership strengths.Firstly, task execution (实施) is one of the most important leadership strengths. Coming up with a brilliant idea and executing that idea are two completely different things. Bringing an idea to life is a lot easier said than done. An idea really comes to life only when it is executed to perfection. For this, you need to be a team player. There is a fine line between having followers that follow you out of respect and having followers that follow you because they have no choice. Any kind of disagreement in the team will affect the end result and the efficiency of performing the task.Secondly, before you go on to put any kind of strategy into place, you need to understand and envision what you wish to achieve. This is important because the expectations of the entire group will ride on your shoulders. Thus, one of the important leadership strengths is to have a very clear vision about how to go about a task at hand, keeping the long-term and short-term goals and consequences in mind. You need to be practical yet optimistic about the possibilities involved in any task and must take into consideration all the risks involved.Thirdly, being the leader does not mean that you own the people you work with. Many people tend to get carried away and do not listen to their team members. This can go against them as the team members then tend to lose respect for their leader. You need to genuinely listen to your team members because they are the only ones that will tell you if you go wrong at any point of time. Furthermore, listening will make sure that you connect with your team members on a personal level, which will improve the performance of your team greatly.21. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the leadership strengths?A. Lending an ear to team members. CB. Performing a task in a perfect way.C. Accepting mistakes with good grace.D. Planning for the future with a clear goal.22. According to Paragraph 2, a good leader should _______B____.A. lead his followers with absolute authorityB. make his followers follow him out of respectC. be able to find out who is a true follower in the team。
Directions
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management– especially afterthe company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.(44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language —acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals[NxtPage]Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到极点并且导找到一种万能的理论---一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。
Lesson 43 Directions
Lesson 43 Directions
单 8．(外)祖父；(外)祖母['ɡrændpeərənt]g_r_a_n_d_p_a_r_e_n_t 词 9．美国 ___U_._S_. __ 闯 10．southeast[ˌsaʊθ'iːst]__东__南____ 关
11．New Zealand[ˌnjuː'ziːlənd]__新__西__兰__
Lesson 43 Directions
短
1.在地图上on a Fra bibliotekap ________________
语 2．向上/下指 ____p_o_in__t _u_p_/_d_o_w_n_
互 3.point left/right___向__左__/_右__指______ 译
4．around the world ___全__世__界_________
Lesson 43 Directions
1.我们能看到全世界所有的国家。 句 We can see __a_ll_____ ___t_h_e___ _co_u__n_tr_i_e_saround the 型 world. 在 2.并且新西兰在澳大利亚的东南面。 线
Unit 8 Countries around the World
Lesson 43 Directions
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2018-Directions(说明书)-范文word版 (1页)
2018-Directions(说明书)-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==Directions(说明书)中国作文网（）原创整理的 > 高考英语作文Directions The Chinese medicine is indicated for the treatment of stomachache. The usual dose is two pills once, three times a day.Tile dose can be increased by one or two pills if the stomachache grows worse. The medicine may pro, lute some side effects like sickness or sleepiness, but the symptom will disappear when the medicine is stopped. The medicine should be put where it is cool and dry. To achieve satisfactory effect of tile medicine, do adhere tothe instructions of the physician.说明书本品为中药；对胃病的治疗疗效显著。
一般用量每天三次，一次两粒，胃不舒服时可以加服1—2粒。
本药品可能会产生一些像恶心、嗜睡等轻微的副作用，症状停药后就会消失。
本药品应放在阴凉干燥处。
为了达到满意的效果，使用本药品请务必遵医嘱。
《Directions》Countries around the World 教学ppt课件(优选)
on a map go from north to east to south to west.Can you
remember “Never Eat Silly Wheat”? That can help you
remember the order of the directions.
north
east southeast west
邯郸在河北省的东南部。
【易混辨析】 in，on和to
“in the＋方位名词＋ Guangdong is in the in of”表示主语被包含 southeast of China.广东在中
在某一范围之内 国东南部。 “on the＋方位名词 Hebei is on the north of on ＋of”表示两地接壤 Henan. 河北在河南的北面。 “to the＋方位名词＋ Japan is to the east of China. to of”表示主语在某一 日本在中国的东面。 范围之外，不接壤
1.针 锋 相 对 ， 比喻 双方在 策略、 论点及 行动方 式等方 面尖锐 对立。 势不两 立：指 敌对的 双方不 能同时 存在， 比喻矛 盾不可 调和。 语境是 “学好汉 语就得 弱化英 语”， 这不是 敌对的 双方， 也不是 “不能同 时存在 ”，而 是人们 对这两 者的学 习方面 存在严 重分歧 ，故选 “针锋相 对”较 好。 2.学 富 五 车 ， 形容 读书多 ，知识 丰富。 学贯中 西：形 容学问 贯通了 中国和 西方的 种种知 识。语 段中所 举的钱 钟书、 林语堂 和胡适 的事例 都是说 明“他们 的国学 功底异 常深厚 ，他们 的英语 水准堪 称世界 一流”， 而非 单纯指 他们的 学问大 ，故选 “学贯中 西”更 合适。 3.南 辕 北 辙 ， 比喻 行动和 目的相 反，指 自身的 行动与 自己的 目的相 反。背 道而驰 ：比喻 彼此的 方向和 目标完 全相反 ，是指 某人的 做法和 应遵循 的大众 化的目 标相反 。语境 是“与时 代的发 展”相 反，据 此应该 选“背道 而驰”。 4、合作学习的培养。合作学习既是一 种方法 也是一 种能力 ，未来 社会的 人没有 合作的 态度是 不行的 。这节 课我要 求学生 合作学 习，培 养学生 的合作 意识。 5.分小组讨论是合作，表演课本剧更 是合作 的高级 形式， 在短短 的时间 内，同 学们要 把课文 内容以 课本剧 的形式 表演出 来，没 有合作 的精神 是不可 能完成 的。演 课本剧 不是一 件简单 的事情 ，这里 有导演 、演员 的分工 ，道具 的使用 ，等等 。 6.因为文中说，白兔原本是快乐的， 自从拥 有了月 亮以后 ，她便 产生了 无穷的 得失之 患，所 以她放 弃了， 求诸神 之王撤 销那个 慷慨的 决定。 7.文章的结尾还说，和人类不同的是 ，我们 的主人 公毕竟 慧心未 泯。言 外之意 是肯定 白兔的 做法， 希望人 类也像 白兔一 样要学 会放弃 。 8.这是这堂课最精彩的部分，不论学 生的质 疑，还 是探究 ，都热 情高涨 ，高潮 迭起。 由于课 堂气氛 宽松、 和谐， 教学双 方对教 材有深 入的理 解，所 以能全 身心地 投入。 9.特别是学生思维异常活跃，常常迸 射智慧 的火花 ，出现 精彩的 对答。 在这一 环节中 ，教者 的点拨 、引导 ，学生 的质疑 与解疑 ，师生 之间思 想的碰 撞，语 言的交 流，课 文内容 与表达 形式的 交融无 不令人 赏心悦 目。 10教者在其中并没有越俎代庖，而是 让学生 当主角 ，根据 课文脉 络层层 推进， 剥茧式 的教学 提升了 学生要 洞悉底 细的情 绪。在 不断探 究研讨 的过程 中，学 生充分 享受了 学习的 乐趣和 成功的 喜悦。 11.课文小结所以说我们认识和评价一 个人应 该一分 为二， 华歆不 专心读 书，追 求富贵 ，但也 有可取 之处， 就像我 们今天 所学文 中他救 人救到 底的态 度十分 令人敬 佩。 12.而我们的同学们在学校的学习也应 该是一 分为二 的，纪 要学习 文化知 识，也 要学习 做人的 道理。 希望同 学们做 到重诺 守信， 言行必 果！
《Directions》Countries around the World 精品课件下载
grandparent n. (外)祖父；(外)祖母
southeast
n.&adv. 东南
U.S.
美国(地名)
Presentation
north 北方
west 西方
east 东方
south 南方
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point right
point 指; 指向
point ?
point down
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north n. & adv. 北方
【例句】 Heilongjiang is in the north of
China. 黑龙江在中国的北部。
North points up on a map.
在地图上北指上方。 这是一个一般现在时态的句子。句中的 point up意为“向上指……”，on a map意为“在地 图上”，介词短语作状语。
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3. North points up on a map. point 动词，意为“指；指向”。与point有关的 短语有：point at 意为“指着”，后面接动作的 目标，表示用某物对准某人或某物，常指较近的。 例如： The teacher is pointing at the picture on the wall. 老师正指着墙上的画。
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5.分小组讨论是合作，表演课本剧更 是合作 的高级 形式， 在短短 的时间 内，同 学们要 把课文 内容以 课本剧 的形式 表演出 来，没 有合作 的精神 是不可 能完成 的。演 课本剧 不是一 件简单 的事情 ，这里 有导演 、演员 的分工 ，道具 的使用 ，等等 。
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6.因为文中说，白兔原本是快乐的， 自从拥 有了月 亮以后 ，她便 产生了 无穷的 得失之 患，所 以她放 弃了， 求诸神 之王撤 销那个 慷慨的 决定。
提建议的书信类英语文章
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除提建议的书信类英语文章篇一：英语书信类作文实例提建议八、书信类作文Directions:Forthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestow riteacompositiononthetopic:ALettertotheuniversitypr esidentaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Youshouldwrit eatlest120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline( giveninchina)below:假如你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应该涉及食堂的饭菜质量,价格,环境,服务等,可以是表扬,也可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之.ALettertotheuniversitypresidentaboutthecanteenservi ceoncampusJan.6th,20XXDearmr.president,mynameisLiming.2)lamjuniorstudentofthecivilengineer ingschoolinthisuniversity.3)Iventuretowriteyoualett eraboutthecanteenserviceoncampus,whichhasgivenriset omanycomplaintsamongstudents.4)Thefocusofthecomplaintisthepoorqualityofthefood.5 )Foronething,thericeistoohard,thesteamedbreadtoocol dandvegetablesovercooked.6)Foranother,thepricesofth efoodsaresurprisinglyhigh,andmanyofusgoouttohavemea ls.7)honestlyspeaking,thediningenvironmenthasbeenimpro vedsincelastyear.8)buttherearenotenoughspaceandseat stoallowustohaveourmealsthere.9)besides,theattitude ofthecanteenstaffisnothospitableatall.10)Allinall,t hereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.11)Idohopewewillnotsufferanotheryear.12)Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.sincerelyyoursLiming篇二：20XX英语作文常用句型及建议信的模板1.重点句型1).It’sadjforsbtodo做…对某人来说2).…so…that…如此…以至于……too…todo太…而不能…such…that…如此…以至于…3).not…until…直到…才…例:Ididn’tgotobeduntilmymothercameback.4).Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子…的原因是…例：Thereasonwhyhegotangrywasthatshetoldhimalie.5).Thatiswhy+句子那是…的原因6).Thatisbecause+句子那是因为…7).Itissaidthat+句子据说…例：Itisreportedthat+句子据报道…8).Thereisnodoubtthat+句子毫无疑问…9).Itgoeswithoutsayingthat+句子不言而喻，毫无疑问10).Thereisnoneedtodo没必要做…11).Thereisnopointindoing做某事毫无意义12）.asisknowntoall,+句子众所周知asweallknow,+句子据我们所知itisgenerally/publiclyknown/consideredthat…,众所周知13)findit+adjtodo…觉得/发现做…是…的。
[整理]40篇范文中英文对照
![[整理]40篇范文中英文对照](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/441e8e21fe4733687e21aa75.png)
2009年四级英语写作必看范文40篇一Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Long Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 长假给大学生带来的好处2. 长假可能给大学生带来的问题3. 我应当怎样利用好长假【范文】Long HolidaysGenerally speaking, long holidays are good for us college students. On the one hand, we have a lot of time to study by ourselves and thus improve weaknesses and further develop strengths. On the other hand, we can take part-time jobs, which can make us realize responsibility and make ourselves better prepared for social life.But every coin has two sides. Somestudents fail to make good use of their time and they are addicted to various computer games. I am afraid that they are likely to ruin themselves in this way.As far as I am concerned, I will try to make the best use of my precious time. I will spend most of my holidays studying English for that I am very poor at it. In addition, I will take a part-time job as private teacher. By this means, I can earn some money and put my knowledge into practice as well.长假一般来讲，长假对于我们大学生有好处。
Directions word list
go aheadgo straight aheadgo straight on –
far near north south east west down up next to straight ahead between behind across from go over to pass through pass past set back
How far is it?
how far is it to ...? the airport
how far is it to ... from here? the beach is it far? is it a long way? it's ... not far quite close quite a long way A long way on foot A long way to walk about a mile from here (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometres)
landmark block intersection side street alley alleyway Go straight on (until you come to …). Turn back./Go back. Turn left/right (into …-street). Go along … Cross … Take the first/second road on the left/right – It's on the left/right. – it's this way it's that way you're going the wrong way you're going in the wrong direction continue straight ahead for about a mile (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometres) you'll pass a supermarket (or any other landmark) on your left (right) – keep going for another ... it'll be ... on your left on your right straight ahead of you go along the …
《Directions》Countries around the World ppt课堂课件
10教者在其中并没有越俎代庖，而是 让学生 当主角 ，根据 课文脉 络层层 推进， 剥茧式 的教学 提升了 学生要 洞悉底 细的情 绪。在 不断探 究研讨 的过程 中，学 生充分 享受了 学习的 乐趣和 成功的 喜悦。
11.课文小结所以说我们认识和评价一 个人应 该一分 为二， 华歆不 专心读 书，追 求富贵 ，但也 有可取 之处， 就像我 们今天 所学文 中他救 人救到 底的态 度十分 令人敬 佩。
◆ point v. 指；指向 point 作动词，意为“指；指向”，后面接宾语时，要用介
词，也可直接接副词。
She points to the wrong direction. 她指向错误的方向。
She pointed there and I saw several pigs. 她指向那里，我看见了几头猪。
8.这是这堂课最精彩的部分，不论学 生的质 疑，还 是探究 ，都热 情高涨 ，高潮 迭起。 由于课 堂气氛 宽松、 和谐， 教学双 方对教 材有深 入的理 解，所 以能全 身心地 投入。
9.特别是学生思维异常活跃，常常迸 射智慧 的火花 ，出现 精彩的 对答。 在这一 环节中 ，教者 的点拨 、引导 ，学生 的质疑 与解疑 ，师生 之间思 想的碰 撞，语 言的交 流，课 文内容 与表达 形式的 交融无 不令人 赏心悦 目。
2.学富五车，形容读书多，知识丰富 。学贯 中西： 形容学 问贯通 了中国 和西方 的种种 知识。 语段中 所举的 钱钟书 、林语 堂和胡 适的事 例都是 说明“他 们的国 学功底 异常深 厚，他 们的英 语水准 堪称世 界一流 ”，而 非单纯 指他们 的学问 大，故 选“学贯 中西” 更合适 。
3.南辕北辙，比喻行动和目的相反， 指自身 的行动 与自己 的目的 相反。 背道而 驰：比 喻彼此 的方向 和目标 完全相 反，是 指某人 的做法 和应遵 循的大 众化的 目标相 反。语 境是“与 时代的 发展” 相反， 据此应 该选“背 道而驰 ”。
英文书信地址格式收信人与寄信人
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除英文书信地址格式收信人与寄信人篇一：英文书信格式及范文英文书信格式及范文一、英文书信的结构二、书信作文的出题形式和写作要领三、书信作文练习及其参考范文书信是重要的交际工具。
英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。
公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。
私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。
这两类书信各有自己的格式。
一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。
第一节英文书信的结构英文书信一般由以下六部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名。
5.1.1信头（heading）信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。
行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。
地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。
私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。
例如：123tianheRoadtianhedistrictguangzhou510620guangdongprovincep.R.c.jan.8,20xx5.1.2信内地址（insideaddress）信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。
在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项常常省略。
该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。
5.1.3称呼（salutation）称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。
在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。
在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。
大部分信件在称呼前加“dear”。
如：dearprofessor/prof.bergen:deardr.johnson,对不相识的人可按性别称呼：dearsir:或dearmadam:dearladies。
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7. If you say you have _______ time for an assignment, that means you have enough time to do it.
Language Form and Meaning
Directions
In this section of the test, you will answer37questions found in seven different texts. Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence. Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence. Mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
9. Thelma had a _______ with her neighbors over their dogs’ getting into her garbage cans.
(A) indignant(B) approximately(C) everywhere(D) resent
10. When the Carveys didn’t pay their rent for the third month in a row, the landlord actually came to their door to _____ them.
(A) saw
(B) seen
(C) are seeing
(D) may have seen
the water hammering away at the rocks.
The correct answer toSample 1 is (D),“never.”
The correct answer to Sample 2 is (D),“may have seen.”
(A) urge(B) console(C) keen(D) scold
11. In the 1800s, it must have been very difficult to _______ with people who lived far away. Today we are all lucky to have phones and good mail service.
(A) acquire(B) erasable(C) eliminable(D) deletable
5. Roses _______ greatly in color, size, and shape.
(A) fragrant(B) vary(C) aroma(D) thorn
6. A _______ is a process that often involves a series of steps.
(A) resource(B) financial(C) ability(D) list
2 .Whether two people or groups are fighting with words or weapons, we can say they are having a _______.
(A) dispute(B) war(C) combat(D) victim
Go on to the next page, and the test will begin with question number one.
1. A country’s _______ include all of its minerals, such as coal, gold, and silver.
Here are two sample questions:
1. The idea that rocks last forever and that rocks
(A) very
(B) ever
(C) quite
(D) never
2.change is not completely true. If you have ever stood next to a rushing river, you
(A) liaison(B) connect(C) beam(D) admonish
Questions 1-26
12. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby _____ from freezing.
3. If some lives in the _______ of your home, you would call that person a neighbor) distant(D) lonely
4. If you are always patient, we can say that you _______ lots of patience.
(A) to save the seeds(B) saving the seeds(C) which saves the seeds(D) the seeds saved
13. _____ mineral content in the bones of very young children is low compared to that of adults.
(A) insufficient(B) adequate(C) wanting(D. quiver
8. Anything that puts pressure on out emotions, bodies, or minds can be called _______.
(A) arrow(B) Stress(C) projectile(D) straight