2018版高考英语二轮(浙江专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型8 社会生活 Word版含解析

类型8| 社会生活(2017·浙江温州4月模拟)On Friday，March 13，28­year­old Genovese was returning home from work.Approaching her apartment，she was attacked by a man.Though she repeatedly called for help，none of the people in the neighborhood helped.The attack began at 3：20 am，but it was not until 3：50 am that someone first called the police.This is a most typical example of the bystander effect in psychology.The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need.Two major factors contribute to the bystander effect.First，the presence of other people creates diffusion (分散) of responsibility.With other observers around，individuals (个体) do not feel much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among those present.The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed.Researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to act if the situation is ambiguous，where things are often confusing and not so clear.So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap? Psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is the greatest way to break the cycle.When you face a situation that requires action，you should understand the bystander effect andconsciously(有意识地) take action.But what if you are the person in need of assistance? One often-recommended approach is to single out one person from the crowd.Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help.By individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down. 24．The story of Genovese is to show ．A．the bystander effectB．the murderer's crueltyC．the neighbors' selfishnessD．the poor public security25．Onlookers fail to take action because the situation is ．A．urgent B．dangerousC．tense D．vague26．What should you do when you need help from bystanders in an accident?A．Make a polite request.B．Turn to a specific person.C．Become aware of the tendency.D．Stay away from possible danger.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了旁观者效应。

长难句解读：The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need.分析：这是一个较复杂的复合句。

主句是The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon，后面的in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need是定语从句，修饰the phenomenon，同时从句中又有“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……越……”。

翻译：旁观者效应就是指这样一种现象，在场的人数越多，人们帮助处于困难中的人的可能性越小。

24．A[考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“This is a most typical example of the bystander effect in psychology”可知，作者在第一段以Genovese的遭遇为例子引出文章的主题“旁观者效应”。

][干扰项分析]根据第一段的“she was attacked by a man”可知，文中并没有提到该男子谋杀Genovese，故排除B项；第一段虽然提到“none of thepeople in the neighborhood helped”，但这个故事并不是在强调邻居们的无情，故排除C项；根据第一段的“but it...called the police”可知，警察来晚的原因在于报警晚，而不能说明治安不好，故排除D项。

25．D[考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“onlookers are less likely to act if the situation is ambiguous，where things are often confusing and not so clear”可知，如果当时的状况不太明确的话，旁观者就不太可能会帮助他人。

]26．B[考查细节理解。

根据最后一段的“One often-recommended approach is to single out one person from the crowd”可知，当碰到困难需要帮助时，我们最好是能够在旁观者中选定某个特定的人。

][干扰项分析]根据最后一段的“ask that individual specifically for help”可知，并不是说要礼貌地请求旁观者帮助，故排除A项；最后一段的“simply being aware of this tendency is the greatest way to break the cycle”是在说明如何打破旁观者陷阱，故排除C项；文章并没有提及要远离危险，而是强调在危险状况下如何得到帮助，故排除D项。

A【导学号：38144007】(2017·浙江杭州名校联考)Research carried out last year stressed the growing challenge facing employers in terms of managing and supporting the UK's ageing workforce.Figures from the Office for National Statistics have suggested that the number of people aged 65 and over still working has reached 1.19 million—up 25，000 from a year ago.There are also now more people aged 50—74 in work than ever before.However，the overall trend is hiding the fact that 12% people are forced to stop working before reaching state pension age because of ill health or disability.Nearly half a million workers who are within five years of state pension age have had to leave work for medical reasons, with the apparent divide between the North (worse) and the South (better)．Those in the lowest-paid jobs，including cleaners，leisure industry workers and people doing heavy labor，are twice as likely to stopworking before retirement age，because of sickness and disability than managers or professionals.Considering this，the needs of the“sandwich g eneration” — those juggling work with caring for elderly dependents as well as children — needed to be given greater priority (优先权) by employers，a white paper by the insurer and healthcare provider concluded.Its research argued that 66% of managers thought the average age of retirement in their organization would increase in the next 5 to 10 years.Yet，36% reported being unaware of anything their organization did to attract，keep and engage older staff.Fewer than a quarter of employees said they felt supported by their employers with their responsibilities for caring for a loved one.This was perhaps unsurprising，given that only 28% of managers said their organization had formal policies and practices in place to support these employees，argued the healthcare distribution director Chris Horlick.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国所面临的老龄化危机及其带来的种种问题。