11句子成分语法点及练习

《高中英语语法大全》第11章句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。

1、主语

主语是一个句子的主题。

主语的位置

①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。

They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.

②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。

Up went the arrow into the air.

Why do they move and burn more of the forest?

Not only will help be given to people who are disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

③祈使句中，往往省略。

Take this money and buy yourself some more books.（句首省略了you）

④There be结构中，在be之后。

Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.

2、谓语

谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。

（1）由简单动词构成的谓语

They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.

（2）由动词短语构成的谓语

Dr. Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.

3、表语

表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。

表语的位置

①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。

In the north isScotland, with its capitalEdinburgh. 北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。

②由How/What引出的感叹句中

What a curious hotel it was!

③某些让步状语从句中

Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。

The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。

4、宾语

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

宾语表示法

①名词用作宾语。

Bob asked all the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.

②代词用作宾语。

It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.

③数词用作宾语。

Canadacovers six of the world''s 24 time areas.

④名词化的形容词用作宾语。

She''s always helping the poorer than herself.

⑤副词用作宾语。

Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased.

⑥不定式用作宾语

I just didn''t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.

⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语

When she had finished listening to the news, Mrs.Cousins turned off the radio.

⑧句子用作宾语

I suggest that you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.

直接宾语和间接宾语

可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, refuse, show, sing, teach, tell, write, buy, find, get, make, envy, return, sell等。

I don''t envy you your job.

5、补足语

补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。

He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.

I think you''ll find these materials much better and much more suitable.

The lion could still be seen in the bushes eating the meat.

This song is thought to be most popular.

6、定语

定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。

定语表示法

It was the earliest research centre for agriculture.（形容词用作定语）

They had brought a picnic lunch with him.（名词用作定语）

I''m looking for another speaker who could give a talk.（代词用作定语）