读写任务各种文体概括skj
读写任务概括.
作文专讲作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。
要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。
只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。
积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。
每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。
好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步!“ 读写任务” 的写作过程:1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图;2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。
在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。
要做到开门见山,语言简洁 .如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。
如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。
如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。
在议论部分 ,第一段开头语:1 According to the passage, we know…2 This article is mainly about…3 The writer states that…4 The passage tells us that…第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由• 开头用语:• I do agree with the author…• In some way, I agree with …, but…• This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.• It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …• From my personal angle alone…• In my opinion,…• From my personal point of view…• As far as I’m concerned…第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语:• In conclusion,…• In short,…• To make a long story short,…• In general,…• In a word,…• In belief,…• On the whole,…• All in all,…练习如何写概括:1.记叙文A boy once stole a girl’s bicycle. He took the stolen bicycle home to his mother. The boy's mother did not punish him. Instead, she told her son that he was clever for doing so. Soon after, the boy stole a loaf of bread and brought it home. His mother thanked her son saving her money. When the boy grew up, stealing had become his habit. He often stole things he didn't even want. Then, one day, the man got caught and was going to be killed. The man's mother went to see her son in prison. "Why have you done these tings?" his mother asked. "Lean closer to me and I'll tell you," replied her son. But when his mother leaned closer her son, he bit off her ear. "I've always done these things, mother," said the man. "But you never told me they were wrong."____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. 议论文Some people think studying under pressure keeps us motivated. Maybe a little pressure does good to us, but too much pressure is not favorable to students. Scientific studies show people studying under too much pressure generally don't perform as well as they do when they are not under extreme pressure. Psychologically, too much pressure can lead to mental problems or disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in stress-related diseases among college and high-school students. A newspaper article says many students admit that they have cheated in exams because of excessive pressurecoming from their parents and teachers who demand high marks in their examination. So, appropriate pressure is acceptable, or we will face a terrible situation.To think:1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?____________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________3. 说明文Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, there have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines and buses and cars m oving at a snail’s pace on the streets during the rush hours.There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy hours. And this undoubtedly worsens the already serious situation.____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________读写任务 (共 l 小题,满分 25分阅读下面的新闻报道,然后按照要求写一篇 150词左右的英语短文。
读写任务(议论文)概括
概括指导 论点+论据1+论据2 论点： I like watching TV very much, for I
think it has many advantages
论证1：First of all, watching TV is a way to help
us relax.
论证2：Most importantly, watching TV is
Most importantly, watching TV is educational. We can learn all kinds of subjects through educational programs and special reports on TV. For example, it`s easy for us to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian from a Russian teacher in Moscow. TV can even teach us good manners, how to cook, what to wear, and so
(范文1) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
educational.
用同义词或短语转换
原文：a way to help us relax. 短语：a good way to relax ourselves
读写任务概括部分
答题步骤 1. 阅读写作内容、主题和要点提示；根据这些 提示，阅读语篇找出主题句和关键词。 （2013年高考广东卷）
以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法，内容包括： （1）描述清洁工工作的艰辛； （2）假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何？ （3）你对平凡工作者的看法。
（2013年高考广东卷） 以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法，内容包括： （1）描述清洁工工作的艰辛； （2）假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何？ （3）你对平凡工作者的看法。
Many people complain about the job they are doing because they find it easy and boring. However, every ordinary job is an essential part in society so we should show respect for them. (33words) 通过这三个步骤之后，可以清晰发现上面这个 语段的内容与短文的内容相一致，符合“全面、 精炼、准确”的要求。语段中的句子来源于上面 的短文，但不是直接引用和抄摘短文中的句子。
答题步骤 2.根据语篇的主题，精兵裁员，削枝叶，保留其 中最能概括短文内容的语句。 To many people, even the word “work” sounds Many people do not enjoy the job they are doing. unpleasant. These people simply do not enjoy It may be quite easy, but it is very boring. No the job they are doing. It does not give them any matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, but it is society and therefore deserves our due respect. very boring. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. Society cannot function a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs.
读写任务各种文体概括z1
Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
Summary: The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. （31 words)
读写任务作文之如何写概括
读写任务作文之如何写概括“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
概括的步骤：1.确定主题句。
2.寻找关键词。
3.重构主题句。
4.重组支撑句。
概括的形式：主题句+支撑句议论文：文章论点（一句）+文章论据（两三句）记叙文：故事的写作目的\主题（一句）+故事大意（两三句）说明文：说明的对象\观点\现象+解释\分述评分细则：1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，0分。
2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，1分。
3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，2分。
4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，3分。
5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的，4-5分。
概括的具体写法1.定时态。
2.定人称。
3.定技巧。
Skill 1: Omit the details.Skill 2: Omit the repetitions.Skill 3: Omit the examples.Skill 4: Use general words instead of specific words.Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.概括为：He was very brave in battle.He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.概括为：He was in financial difficulties.概括中常用的句式或模板1.议论文The essay\passage\author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay\passage\author discusses the impact of email.The essay\passage\author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay\passage\author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.The essay\passage\author argues in support of..., stating that...The passage highlights the importance...2.记叙文点明写作目的：The writer tells us...（主题）by showing us an example of..., who\which...（故事情节）作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth...The passage is a story about...3.说明文现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon...（主题）, which...（补充解释）利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages\benefits of A and B. A...while B...研究显示类：The study reveals that...4.通用型According to the passage, we know...This article is mainly about...As can be learnt form the passage, ...。
高考英语任务型读写常用概括词语
英语任务型读写常用概括性词语1.标题、话题：title; topic2.主题：theme3. 观点：ideas / opinions / views / thoughts4. 理由：reason/reasons; why5. 起因：cause; why6. 过程：process; course; procedure7. 结果：result/results; consequence/consequences8. 结论：conclusion9. 解决的办法：solution10. 现象：phenomenon/phenomena11. 因素：factor/factors12. 建议：tip/tips; advice; suggestion/suggestions; instruction/instructions13. 优点、好处：advantage/advantaged; benefit/benefits;14. 缺点、坏处：disadvantage/disadvantages;15. 影响：influence/influences; effect/effects; (positive/negative)16. 损失：damage/damages; harm/harms;17. 地点：place/location/where18. 情况：situation19. 事件：event20. 内容：content21. 起源：origin22. 概要：summary23. 态度：attitude24. 评论：comment /comments; remark/remarks25. 分析：analysis /analyses26. 问题 problem/problems; doubt/doubts ; question/questions27. 质量：quality28. 功能 function；29. 证据：evidence30. 百分比：percentage31. 项目：item32. 方面：aspect33. 背景background34. 情节：plot35. 时间: time/when36. 阶段：period； stage37. 日期：date38. 特点 characteristic/characteristics; feature/features39. 目的：aim/aims; purpose/purposes; goal/goals; intention/intentions40. 方法：way、ways; method/methods; means; measure/measures; step/steps41. 种类：kind/kinds; type/types; species; category/categories42. 比较：comparison; contract43. 国籍：nationality44. 技能：skill45. 成就：achievement46. 全面发展：all-round development47. 区别：difference48. 相似：similarity。
读写任务解题指导II
读写任务解题指导II如何对所读材料进行概括在进行读写任务的写作时，概括部分往往是令考生头痛的一步。
那么，我们如何才能对所读材料进行较写的概括呢？在概括之前应对所给材料进行认真地阅读，理解文章的内容，弄清文章的脉络，把握作者的意图，了解文章的体裁和结构。
此后，就要根据所读材料体裁的类型进行不同形式的概括了。
下面是常见的三种体裁的概括方式：一．记叙文：这一类体裁的文章又可分为单纯的记叙文和明理性记叙文两种形式。
对于单纯的记叙文，我们可以采取用一至三个句子将原文当中的who、what、how、when、where 等信息表述出来即可，也可重点回答who did what，what was the result这么两个问题即可。
如：材料一I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn’t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy.I rode everywhere but couldn’t find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn’t say a word but cried out in my father’s arms.[答题说明]本文就是一篇单纯的记叙文，文章没有附带作者的任何评论。
江苏高考英语任务型写作基本要点概括
英语大纲写作1.审题 ,明确题目要求。
文章主题、写作内容、时态、人称。
2.阅读 ,抓住内容重点。
(1 谈论文 :找出论点、论据和结论。
其重点是找出主题句或结论句。
若文中有一分为二的看法 ,两种看法都要概括 ,不要遗漏此中一方的看法。
(2 记述文 :找出时间 (when,地点 (where,什么人 (who,做了什么事 (what,结果怎么样 (how 等五因素。
此中 ,最重要的重点是某人 (who 做了何事 (what。
假如夹叙夹议的文章 ,还要加上作者的看法、看法、经验或感悟。
(3 说明文和新闻报导:平时会有中心句(多在首段,写大纲时注意要找出中心句, 抓住重点词。
对现象解析型说明文,要找出“现象”“造成这类现象的原由”“解决这类现象或问题的措施或建议”。
(4 发言稿 :平时会很明确地表示看法或态度 ,写大纲时要从发言者的语言中明确作者的态度 ,掌握作者的写作目的。
或先概括每段粗心 ,从而概括全文主旨。
3.概括 ,转述作者看法。
在找出文章的内容重点后,就要用自己的话转述原文内容重点。
要注意在用词或句式上做到同义替代 ,防止剽窃之嫌。
4.过渡 ,引出自己看法。
写了大纲后 ,用句过渡的话 ,再引出自己的看法 (同意或反对或引出近似的故事。
5.例证 ,论证自己看法。
谈论文——在提出自己的看法后 ,就用详尽的案例来论证自己的看法。
记述文——编写与阅读文章主题同样但情节不一样的故事(亲自经历或虚假。
6.结论 ,注意前后响应。
7.润饰 ,使其如虎生翼。
一查人称能否吻合要求 ;二查语法方面的问题 ,包含用词、时态等方面的错误等 , 保证“语言规范”;三查逻辑关系 ,看前后看法能否一致 ;四查能否使用一些较为高级的句型 ,如非谓语动词结构、 with 短语结构、定语从句、倒装句型、合适的连接词、短语动词等。
篇章结构读写任务的篇章结构概括以下,可作为参照 :(1 标题。
(有时不必定要求拟标题(2 第一段 :用一两句话概括所给短文内容重点,约 30 词。
公开课读写任务概括
[解题过程] 第一步, 根据[写作内容2] , 快速获取大 意。[写作内容2]说明“诚信的重要性”， 扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记 叙文, 那么我们可以形成概要框架: 作者讲 述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样, 就有了方向和思路了。
第二步：阅读材料, 回答以下三个问题。 (1) 谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student. The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.
如果是夹叙夹议的文章, 还要加上这个故 事给人们的启示或教育。
记叙文可用以下开头： 1.The passage/author is mainly about…… 2.According to the passage, we know……
［例］ (2011年广州一模) 阅读下面短文, 然后按要求写一篇150词左 右的英语短文。—内容见学案 ［写作内容］ 1. 以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容； 2. 然后以约120个词写一篇读后感, 说明“诚 信的重要性”。
议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句 (the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找准主题句。 概要模板：论点+论据(+结论)
高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法
高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法第一篇：高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法广州市黄埔区第八十六中学赵安西概括段落大意是理解掌握课文内容的重要手段，也是总结中心思想的前提。
这里，向大家介绍几种常见方法：一、综合法。
就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。
如A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard.Parents and their children lived with their grandparents.Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.With the ch ange of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen.First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor” everywhere.Second, who will take care of the old people in the future? Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.本文讲了三层意思。
读写任务中的概括
读写任务中的概括Ⅰ. 读写任务中的概括必须注意以下几点：1）最好用两句话概括；2）不能太详细，也不能太过于简单；3）必须涵盖所有信心；4）不能照扩原文；5）不能出现仍然的主观观点。
Ⅱ. 根据不同的体裁练习概括读者任务中所给的材料，大多是议论文或记叙文（也有少数书信或演讲之类的应用文）。
议论文常针对社会热点现象，或分析原因，或引发热议或提出建议。
记叙文常以个人经历、故事、故寓言形式出现，并在结尾处给人启示。
a)议论文的概括。
一般议论文都有很分明的层次和清晰的脉络，可以先把材料快速阅读一遍，然后把材料分成几个部分，并把每部分的大意（有的部分甚至在文中已出现了中心句）提炼出来，然后整合成一篇概括。
如下面一篇：Hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 10%, the death rate decrease correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective（集体的）activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.第一段的general idea:第二段的general idea:第三段的general idea:整合起来：The author thinks thatfor the reason theand练习：一、阅读下面的短文，然后用30个词概括其内容要点。
各大文体知识点总结归纳
各大文体知识点总结归纳一、叙事文体叙事文体是一种着重叙述故事情节的文学体裁。
它通常以一个或多个人物经历了一系列事件为线索，通过描述情节的起承转合展现故事的发展，通过角色之间的冲突和协调展示人物的性格和命运，从而揭示出文学作品中所包含的主题和意义。
叙事文体一般包括小说、散文、传记、历史、游记等形式，其中小说是最为广泛和常见的一种叙事文体。
在叙事文体中，语言的描述和情节的情感都起着至关重要的作用，作家需要通过精准的描述和生动的情节来吸引读者的兴趣，同时还需要通过语言和情感的交织来表现作品的艺术魅力。
在叙事文体的写作中，作家常常需要运用各种修辞手法和文学技巧来丰富作品的表现力，比如描写手法、对比手法、象征手法、比喻手法等等。
此外，作家还需要注意结构的安排和情节的展开，以及角色的刻画和对话的运用等方面，从而使作品更加生动和鲜活。
总之，叙事文体是一种通过叙述情节和人物来展示主题和意义的文学体裁，通过对情节、人物、语言和修辞的处理，作家可以创作出丰富多样、生动有趣的叙事作品。
二、抒情文体抒情文体是一种着重表达情感和体验的文学体裁，它通常以诗歌形式呈现，通过语言的音韵和意象来表现作者的情感和思想，从而达到抒发情感、抒发情怀、抒写心情的目的。
在抒情文体中，语言的表现力和意象的构建非常关键，作家需要通过各种修辞手法和文学技巧来创造出引人入胜的意境和情感，从而使作品更加深情、动人。
抒情文体通常包括爱情诗、思乡诗、哀歌、颂诗、咏物诗等形式，它们都以不同的方式展现出了作者的情感和体验，通过情感的表现和情绪的抒发来吸引读者的共鸣，从而达到情感共鸣和精神交流的效果。
在抒情文体的写作中，作家需要注意诗歌的韵律和节奏，用词的精准和意象的构建，以及情感的真挚和深刻等方面，从而使作品更加抒情和感人。
总之，抒情文体是一种通过表达情感和体验来引发读者共鸣的文学体裁，通过对语言、意象、情感和节奏的处理，作家可以创作出充满韵味和情感的抒情作品。
高中英语读写任务概括及常用句式1
高中英语读写任务专题突破---概括S ummary读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分, 即写作内容1为概括短文要点, 还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。
然而, 绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用, 而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。
事实上, 所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合, “读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景, 同样, “写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
因此在概括文章时, 可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用, 因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
一、概括的标准: 抛弃次要, 瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括一般第一句话是主题句, 清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的, 这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。
后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑, 凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
二、概括的写作步骤:1.确定主题句。
确定阅读文章的主题句, 一般在段首。
没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2.寻找关键词。
分析主题句意义, 确定关键词, 关键词一般体现为名词、形容词, 关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3.重构主题句。
概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。
可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4.重组支撑句。
支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：缩长见短, 省却细腻。
四、写概括的具体方法1.写概括的步骤A.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时, 那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的, 那么基本时态用现在时；不过, 模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passagetells us that----- - --.B.定人称: 一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。
（特殊如书信的, 可能会使用第一、二人称；）C.定技巧：结合相关技巧, 重新组句。
1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didn’t catch any fish_________ I was not patient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法Yo.wil.fail..Yo.wil.____________.3)Change the part of speech词性转换法Patienc.i.ver.important.Patienc.i.o. ____________________..4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法语态变换: Parents should give children more praise.→Children should ________ more praise.简单句变复合句:Childre.shoul.b.encourage.more.Thi.wil.hel.the.lear.faster.Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster..5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词, 如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。
高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法
高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法广州市黄埔区第八十六中学赵安西概括段落大意是理解掌握课文内容的重要手段，也是总结中心思想的前提。
这里，向大家介绍几种常见方法：一、综合法。
就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。
如A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard. Parents and their children lived with their grandparents. Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor”everywhere. Second, who will take care of the old people in the future? Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.本文讲了三层意思。
读写任务中概要写法分类例说
读写任务中概要写法分类例说在读写任务中,summary的写作一直是学生头痛之处。
学生普遍存在概括不全、照抄原文等现象。
其中,概括不全是个大问题,因这会影响到下文——表述自己的观点。
为了保证学生在写作的过程当中不漏掉要点,笔者在教学实践中总结出五种类型阅的读材料,根据各类材料的特点指导学生如何写summary。
一、现象分析型文章特点:或分析一种现象,或解释一个观点。
文章结构:一般为“总分总”的结构,开头摆出“主题”,接着进行“解释”“说明”(一般包括各种各样相关的例子或者不同的观点和看法),最后“综述”(提出“展望”或者升华主题)。
Summary要点:现象中心内容(注意中心词,即关键词或高频词)+优缺点或者正反面评论(这一部分如果叙写篇幅多时要概述出来;篇幅少时只说文中提到了不同观点就行)+现象中与众不同的地方+“展望”或者“升华”。
Example:Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many North Americans interact (互动) these days. The term is “networked individualism(网络个体主义)”. This concept is not easy tounderstand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals (个体) and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks. (提出中心词“networked individualism”)Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and email, our social networks included live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and friends. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.A recent research studied by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to-person interaction. However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that’s a good thing. Why?In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated (孤立) us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true. The Internet connects us with more real people than expected ——helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major lifedecisions. (第2-3段解释说明中心词,摆出新旧不同观点) Thanks to the computer, we are able to be alone and together with other people at the same time. (综述)▲Summary:Professor Wellman created the term “networked individualism”(主题) which breaks people’s old belief that the Internet isolated us. They find that we can also communicate with more real people.(不同观点)二、事例道理型文章特点:叙述一段经历或者一个事件,表达作者从中所受教育,或者说明一定的道理。
读写任务中概要写作分类指导
读写任务中概要写作分类指导写概要主要是把具体的信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，不能抄袭文章的句子，不能把细节性的信息作为中心，而要通过对文章中的单词和句子进行合理转换，重组文章的信息，再用合适的语言进行表述，从而体现考生的概括、重构与产出的能力。
下面我们结合实例，谈谈如何对不同体裁的文章进行概括。
一、记叙文概要的写法记叙文包括单纯叙事的记叙文、夹叙夹议的记叙文和哲理性的小品文，单纯叙事记叙文的概要主要包括以下内容：谁？做了什么事？结果如何？如果是哲理性的小品文，则先按照单纯记叙文的概括方法写，然后再加上作者的看法或观点以及从中得出的哲理。
[实例一]Today I was having a PE lesson when I fell down and hurtmy foot. I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had happened until the class was over. Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone and refused the offer of help of my classmates. As a result, thehurt in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We can tell others our need for help and accept their help. Some day we can help others in return. In this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.思路分析：这是一篇记叙文，概括时只需包含谁（the author）？干了什么事(hurt his foot seriously, but refused help from others)？结果如何(His condition became worse)？作者最后还从这件事得出一个经验教训：我们应该互相帮助(we should accept others’help when in trouble/when in need / when necessary)。
各种文体课文中心的概括方法
各种文体课文中心的概括方法随着人们阅读和写作的需求不断提升，各种文体的应用也变得愈加广泛，如何有效地把握不同文体的特点和中心，成为了我们需要掌握的重要技能。
本文将介绍各种文体课文中心的概括方法。
第一种文体：议论文议论文是一种常见的文体，通常包含一个中心论点，通过命题的方式表达作者对一个具体问题的观点和态度。
概括议论文的中心，有以下几个方法：1. 通读全文，找出重点所在：议论文的中心经常从开篇就开始明确阐述，或者在文章的某处得到具体体现。
因此，通读全文，获取主题信息是把握中心的关键步骤。
2. 寻找主题词：籍着主题词，可以很快地找到中心论点。
在议论文中，主题词经常会出现在题目或文章段首，加粗黑体字体表示。
3. 研究结构体验：结构体验往往速度议论文的中心，因此读者在阅读时需关注段落结构、文章布局，以及文中的句子、篇章之间的逻辑关系，这样能够帮助把握文章的中心。
第二种文体：议论文夹叙夹议是一种常用的文体，它将议论和叙述巧妙地结合在一起，同时也需要读者具备掌握中心的能力。
具体方法包括：1. 了解情节：夹叙夹议的叙述部分通常介绍了一些背景和情节，因此在阅读时，需要重点关注叙述中介绍的人物、事件、时间和地点等，这能够帮助更好地把握接下来的议论部分。
2. 研究观点：在夹叙夹议的议论部分，需要仔细拆解每个段落，分析每个段落的观点、证据、核心论点等，通过抽象出每段的主题，在整体上总结出中心论点。
第三种文体：说明文说明文是一种在工业界、科学领域和日常生活中广泛应用的文体，具体方法包括：1. 寻找重点：说明文中，每个段落都在对某个具体的问题进行分析或解释，因此需要把握段落的逻辑连接，通过分析每个段落的主题词和核心问题，确定文章的中心。
2. 学习专业词汇：说明文涉及的领域较为专业，因此学习其中的专业词汇能够帮助更好地理解说明文，把握中心。
3. 研究结构体验：说明文中，段落之间具有较强的逻辑连接性，例如按照时间、因果、比较等方式连接，因此研究好每个段落的篇章结构有助于把握整篇的中心。
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Writing
How to write a summary
What to write
Key points
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Task 1: How to rewrite the sentences
1. As a matter of fact, I’ll do what I can to pull him through. try Actually I’ll ____ to pull him through. (使用单词代 ________, 使用单词代 替短语) 替短语 2. Zhouqu, which was called the most beautiful place in Ganshu, was destroyed by mud-rock flows in one night.（使用单词短语代替句子） （使用单词短语代替句子） the most beautiful place Zhouqu, ________________________ in Ganshu, was destroyed by mud-rock flows in one night. 3. While he was living with his parents, he seldom water trees as his parents told him to do it.（简化句子， （简化句子， 避免繁冗表达） 避免繁冗表达） living While ______ with his parents, he seldom water trees as his parents
I didn’t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helpless and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt, I couldn’t say a word but cried out in my father’s arms.
narration
the six elements of a narrative passage
who when where What (event) How (process) why
什么人在什么时候什么地方发生了什 么事情，结果如何。 么事情，结果如何。
Find out key points in the story:
Task2: learn how to summarize the whole passage
① 记叙文 ---要素串联法 要素串联法 ② 议论文 ---主题概括法 / 段意合并法 主题概括法 现象、原因、 ③ 说明文 --- 现象、原因、解决办法
记叙文概括技巧 1. 开头套用语句语 第一段开头语 开头套用语句语(第一段开头语 第一段开头语) The story/passage is about…… The writer/author tells us about…. The story mainly tells us that…… ……. 2. 记叙文概括方法：要素串联法 记叙文概括方法：
近四年高考读写任务的总体情况如下表所示： 近四年高考读写任务的总体情况如下表所示：
年别 话题 主题或题材 阅读文长 阅读文体 度 裁 2007 情感 表达你对父 236个词 书信 个词 亲的感恩 2008 学校 生活 2009 情感 /自 自 然 2010 社会 热点 个词 谈谈你理想 187个词 的大学生活 个词 该不该禁止 169个词 游客和动物 拍照 个词 用金钱鼓励 188个词 孩子学习 193个词 个词 发言稿 说明文 内容 要点 3 3 3 省平均 分 8.95 11.30 10.32
4. The People’s Republic of China will never suffer from any foreign interference.（使用 （ 缩略词） 缩略词） _____________ will never suffer from any China foreign interference. 5. What he had said left a deep impression on the children present.(改变词性 改变词性) 改变词性 His words deeply _______________ on the impressed children impression.
材料分析
Passage 1 I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone, I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible. The lake seemed broad and endless, I was so thrilled to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me.
夹叙夹议 记叙文
3 3
10.78
2011 情感 想家
读写任务的特征和基本要求：
读写任务写作是具有一定开放性 具有一定开放性的写作命题。 具有一定开放性 选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材； 选材内容 文体要求：议论文或记叙文。 文体要求 读写任务写作必须涵盖三个方面 涵盖三个方面： 读写任务写作必须涵盖三个方面： 首段：用一两句话概述原文内容要点， 1．首段：用一两句话概述原文内容要点， 约30个词； 30个词； 个词 主体： 2．主体：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例 证来验证， 110个词 个词； 证来验证，约110个词； 尾段：套语配名言来进行点题， 3．尾段：套语配名言来进行点题，要前后 呼应，三位一体， 20个词 个词。 呼应，三位一体，约20个词。
the six elements of a narrative passage
Skill: Combination of elements 要素串联法 who Mike
When/where His first year of college /What How At first: toughest…adjustment (process) Then: got used to it At last: love the college life why Get himself active in things
Try it! 年广东高考读写任务 本题为2008年广东高考读写任务 本题为
____________________________________ The writer mainly tells us about
his first year of college life. At first he _______________________, but after didn’t adjust himself well getting active in things for one semester, he ____________ and______________ adapted to it enjoyed himself
congratulations!
Summary of a story: 要素串连法
Who (人物 人物) 人物 First： ： What Next: (发生什么事情 Finally: 发生什么事情) 发生什么事情 Implication (寓意－如有则 寓意－ 寓意 写) 故事性的短文概括应围绕“什么人、发生了什么事、 什么人、发生了什么事、 什么人 结局如何，（有什么寓意） ，（有什么寓意 结局如何，（有什么寓意）”来写，即阐述一个 故事梗概，忌力陈细节，忌掺入个人评价。
Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love it—good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The student’s Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that way—it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.