METHODS, STANDARDS, AND WORK DESIGN -
大学生英文简历
Name:XXX Gender: femaleAddress: Sichuan UniversityMobile:XXXX-XXXX Email:*****************Educational Background_______________________________________________________________________________ 2008.09-2012.07 Sichuan University Management Bachelor Major: IEMinor courses: Logistics Management, Production control, Quality control management, Human Factors Engineering, Modern manufacturing systems, Systems Engineering, Facilities Planning and Logistics,Methods,Standards,and Work Design.Internship Experiences_______________________________________________________________________________2011.08-2011.09 Sichuan Changhong Electric Co.——As a front-line worker,I have a deeper understanding of Manufacturing and logistics, A better understanding of the importance and breadth of the IE industry in the manufacturing and logistics, as well as IE Ideology2011.03-2012.05 Tutoring company——I’m a Q & A Teacher.The responsibilities of my job is to explain to students the question that they do not understand.This work requires patience.2010.09-2010.12 Western Restaurant——I need to service for foreign customers, sometimes to deal with emergency cases as well.And Inventory daily bills.Qualification Certificates_______________________________________________________________________________CET 4 504 CET 6 448AutoCAD AssociateCampus duties & Rewards_______________________________________________________________________________ 2008.09-2009.06 The Director-General of Youth Volunteers Association, and received the title of outstanding officer2009.09-2010.06 The Director-General of Students' Union Propaganda Department, andreceived the title of outstanding officerOther Information_______________________________________________________________________________●Language skills: fluent in English, Both oral and written●Computer skills: advanced user of Microsoft Office (Excel, PowerPoint)●Character: Good at communication, open minded, Good at team workWillingness to take challenges, ability to take pressure to deliver Good result under urgent time lineGood at planning, following up, paying attention to detailStrong ability to adapt.Optimistic about life, motivated.●Hobbies: movies, sports, reading, travelling and so on。
丁腈手套生产工艺流程
丁腈手套生产工艺流程1.印刷工艺：首先是丁腈手套的印刷工艺，使用环保油墨进行印刷。
Printing process: The first step is the printing process of nitrile gloves, using environmentally friendly ink for printing.2.切割材料：接着是对原材料进行切割，将大块的丁腈材料切割成合适的手套大小。
Material cutting: The next step is to cut the raw materials into appropriate glove sizes from large pieces of nitrile material.3.注塑成型：将切割好的丁腈材料放入模具中，经过注塑成型工艺，成型成手套的形状。
Injection molding: The cut nitrile material is placed in the mold and shaped into gloves through the injection molding process.4.检验质量：完成成型后，需要对丁腈手套进行质量检验，确保符合标准要求。
Quality inspection: After molding, nitrile gloves need to be inspected for quality to ensure they meet standard requirements.5.包装封箱：通过包装封箱工艺，将合格的丁腈手套包装成成品，准备发往市场销售。
Packaging and sealing: Through the packaging and sealing process, qualified nitrile gloves are packaged as finished products and ready for market sales.6.包装设计：在包装封箱之前，需要进行包装设计，设计出符合市场需求的包装形式。
基础工业工程学教学大纲-FundamentofIndustrialEngineering（英文..
Fundament of Industrial EngineeringModule syllabus1.Unit descriptionFundament of Industrial Engineering is one of the main courses in industrial engineering. IT is the first professional course. This course mainly introduces the basic concept of industrial engineering and work study. Work study is the important part of the Fundament of Industrial Engineering. Work study consists of two components: the first part is method study, the second is work measurement. Method study is regarded as a systematic approach to finding easier and better way to accomplish a task. Method study mainly includes process analysis, operation analysis and motion analysis. Work measurement mainly includes time study, work sampling and predetermined time systems The objective of any work measurement method is to determine the standard time. This course provides students with a basis for later study.After this course, students should have an understanding of Fundament of Industrial Engineering. Students will have the ability to solve the practical problem with these skills and knowledge.After completion of the course, students will be able to:●Understand the definition of Industrial engineering.●Establish the consciousness of industrial engineering●Understand the methods of method study●Understand the methods of work measurement●Solve the practical problem with these skills and knowledge.2. Pre-requisite units and assumed knowledgeManagement Science and Statistics2.Learning aims and outcomesLearning outcome 1Develop the basic understand of industrial engineering.ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:a. Understand the definition of industrial engineering.b. Understand the history of industrial engineering.C. Understand the consciousness of industrial engineering.D. Understand content and development of industrial engineering.Learning Outcome 2Understand the method studyASSESSMENT CRITERIA:a.Understand the process analysisb.Understand the operation analysisc.Understand the motion analysisLearning Outcome 3Understand the Work measurementa.Understand the time studyb.Understand the work samplingc.Understand the predetermined time systems3.Weighting of final gradeGrades will be assigned on the basis of the following percentages:4.GradingA 100-95 A- 94-90 B+ 89-87B 86-83 B- 82-80 C+ 79-77C 76-73 C- 72-70 D+ 69-67D 66-63 D- 62-60 F 59 or lower5.PoliciesAttendance PolicyAttendance in class is mandatory for all students enrolled in the course. Any excused absence must be discussed directly with the teacher. Being late to class within 15 minutes will be recorded as 1 LATE and being late over 15 minutes will be recorded as 1 ABSENCE. 3 LATES equal to 1 ABSENCE. 20% absences of the total teaching hours will cause an F (a failing grade) directly. However, students are still welcome to continue to attend class. F students have no right to drop this course anymore. Each unexcused absence will result in the lowering of the attendance grade by 1 point. Each excused absence will result in the lowering of the attendance grade by 0.5 point.Participation PolicyStudents should participate in their chosen classes actively and effectively. The Participation Grad e is related to the Attendance Grade. Students’ final attendance grade is the maximum of their participation grade.Participation grade will be based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to taking part in class discussions and activities, completing assignments, being able to answer questions correctly, obeying class rules, and being prepared for class, frequentvisiting your instructors and chatting in English during their office hours is highly recommended.Policy on Assignments and QuizzesStudents should finish their assignments completely and punctually. Assignment should be submitted on the date appointed by the instructor. If a student cannot hand in the assignment on time, the reasonable excuse will be needed. Late assignments will receive a maximum grade of 80. An assignment that is late for 3 days will be corrected but receive 0.You are recommended print all your assignment in the uniform format with the heading of Student’s Pledge of no cheating. Written assignment or printed ones without the uniform heading of pledge will receive a maximum grade of 80.It is mandatory to have weekend assignment every week. Any weekend assignment should be submitted on first class of next week. It is mandatory to have holiday assignment on the public holidays. Any holiday assignment should be submitted on the first day on returning to school. Students are required to do a multitude of presentations during the course.PlagiarismAny form of cheating is NEVER tolerated. Any student ONCE caught cheating on a quiz, assignment or examination will receive a 0 for that particular work of the whole semester. At the beginning of the semester the definition of plagiarism will be carefully explained. When any thoughts or writings of another person are used, the sources must be clearly identified (using quotes, bibliography and giving reference).Classroom Policies●No eating, cellular phones, electronic dictionaries, smoking, chatting or drowsingin class.●Please speak in English rather than Chinese in class.●Students are not allowed to attend class without textbooks.●Stand up when answering questions.●Respect classmates’ ideas, opinions, and questions of your classmates.●You are welcome to visit the instructor’s office in his/her office hours.●Take good care of the laboratory facilities. Do not splash water on the desktop.●When each class is over, hang the earphone on the hanger. Put the trash into thetrash-bin.●All your classroom involvement, performance and after-class communicationswith instructor will affect your participation score.●All communications with the teacher must be in English, both inside and outsideclass time.6.Texts and other recoursesThe primary textbook:Andris Freivalds, Benjamin W.Niebel(2009), “Methods，Standards，and Work Design, 12E “, Tsinghua University Publishing, Beijing7.Teaching methodsLectures, Discussions and Homework8.Session Plan。
多媒体及艺术设计专业英语
02
Multimedia and Art Design English Vocabulary
Basic v or moving representation of a person,
object, or scene
Audio
The presentation of sound waves, including speech, music, and sound effects
Improve English reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities, and be able to proficiently use English for cross-cultural communication and cooperation.
• The use of professional terminology is essential for accurate and effective communication within the field It allows English majors to express ideas and concepts precisely, avoiding fusion and misinterpretation Additionally, it demonstrates a level of professionalism and expertise that is important in establishing credibility within the field
04
Professional English in practical applications
Academic paper reading
设计英语词汇
设计的分类与方法学（英语）1 设计Design2 现代设计Modern Design3 工艺美术设计Craft Design4 工业设计Industrial Design5 广义工业设计Generalized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计Product Design8 传播设计Communication Design8 环境设计Environmental Design9 商业设计Comercial Design10 建筑设计Architectural11 一维设计One-dimension Design12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计Three-dimension Design14 四维设计Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢Decoration16 家具设计Furniture Design17 玩具设计Toy Design18 室内设计Interior Design19 服装设计Costume Design20 包装设计ackaging Design21 展示设计Display Design22 城市规划Urban Desgin23 生活环境Living Environment24 都市景观Townscape25 田园都市Gardon City26 办公室风致Office Landscape27 设计方法论Design Methodology28 设计语言Design Language29 设计条件Design Condition30 结构设计Structure Design31 形式设计Form Design32 设计过程Design Process33 构思设计Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design35 改型设计Model Change36 设计调查Design Survey37 事前调查Prior Survey38 动态调查Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计Compact type40 袖珍型设计Pocktable Type41 便携型设计Protable type42 收纳型设计Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计Knock Down Type44 集约化设计Stacking Type45 成套化设计Set (Design)46 家族化设计Family (Design)47 系列化设计Series (Design)48 组合式设计Unit Design49 仿生设计Bionics Design50 功能Function51 独创性Originality52 创造力Creative Power53 外装Facing54 创造性思维Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法Method of K.J57 戈顿法Synectice58 集体创造性思维法Brain Storming59 设计决策(Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系O-R-M system62 印象战略Image Stralegy63 AIDMA原则Law of AIDMA64 功能分化Functional Differentiation65 功能分析Functional Analysis66 生命周期Life Cycle67 照明设计Illumination Design设计色彩方法（英）1 色Color2 光谱Spectrum3 物体色Object Color4 固有色Propor Color5 色料Coloring Material6 色觉三色学说Three-Component Theary7 心理纯色Unique Color8 拮抗色学说Opponent Color Theory9 色觉的阶段模型Stage Model of the Color Perception10 色彩混合Color Mixing11 基本感觉曲线Trisimulus Valus Curves12 牛顿色环Newton's Color Cycle13 色矢量Color Vector14 三原色Three Primary Colors15 色空间Color Space16 色三角形Color Triangle17 测色Colourimetry18 色度Chromaticity19 XYZ表色系XYZ Color System20 实色与虚色Real Color and Imaginary Color21 色等式Color Equation22 等色实验Color Matching Experiment23 色温Color Temperature24 色问轨迹Color Temperature Locus25 色彩三属性Three Attribtes and Color26 色相Hue27 色相环Color Cycle28 明度Valve29 彩度Chroma30 环境色Environmetal Color31 有彩色Chromatic Color32 无彩色Achromatic Colors33 明色Light Color34 暗色Dark Color35 中明色Middle Light Color36 清色Clear Color37 浊色Dull Color38 补色Complementary Color39 类似色Analogous Color40 一次色Primary Color41 二次色Secondary Color42 色立体Color Solid43 色票Color Sample44 孟塞尔表色系Munsell's Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系Practical Color Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程Color Engineering48 色彩管理Color Control49 色彩再现Color Reproduction50 等色操作Color Matching51 色彩的可视度Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性Color Constancy53 色彩的对比Color Contrast54 色彩的同化Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色Heavy Color and Light Color60 色价Valeur61 色调Color Tone62 暗调Shade63 明调Tint64 中间调Halftone65 表面色Surface Color66 平面色Film Color67 色彩调和Color Harmony68 配色Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony72 色彩的感情Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性Color Symbolism74 色彩的嗜好Color Preference75 流行色Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性Color Functionalism77 色彩规划Color Planning78 色彩调节Color Conditioning79 色彩调整Color Coordinetion80 色彩设计Color Design材料与加工成型技术（英）1 材料Material2 材料规划Material Planning3 材料评价Material Appraisal4 金属材料Metal Materials5 无机材料Inorganic Materials6 有机材料Organic Materials7 复合材料Composite Materials8 天然材料Natural Materials9 加工材料Processing Materials10 人造材料Artificial Materials11 黑色金属Ferrous Metal12 有色金属Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷Ceramics21 水泥Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅Enamel23 玻璃Glass24 微晶玻璃Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料Plastics30 通用塑料Wide Plastics31 工程塑料Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶Rubber35 粘接剂Adhesives36 涂料Paints37 树脂Resin38 聚合物Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂Allyl Resin56 硅树脂Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂Polyurethane Resin58 密胺Melamine Formaldehyde Resin59 ABS树脂Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨Printing Ink63 印刷用纸Printing Paper64 铜板纸Art Paper65 木材Wood66 竹材Bamboo67 树脂装饰板Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板Veneer70 曲木Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸Waxed Paper72 青铜Bronge73 薄壳结构Shell Construction74 技术Technic75 工具Tool76 金工Metal Work77 铸造Casting78 切削加工Cutting79 压力加工Plastic Working80 压力加工Plastic Working81 焊接Welding82 板金工Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克Mosaic84 塑性成型Plastic Working85 灌浆成型Slip Casting86 挤出成型Sqeezing87 注压成型Injection Molding88 加压成型Pressing89 水压成型Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法Hot Pressing91 HIP成型Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型Blow Molding94 压延成型Calendering95 转送成型Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型Slash Molding97 铸塑成型Casting98 喷涂成型Spray Up99 层积成型Laminating100 FW法Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离Adhesion and Excoriation 102 木材工艺Woodcraft103 竹材工艺Bamboo Work104 表面技术Surface Technology105 镀饰Plating106 涂饰Coating107 电化铝Alumite108 烫金Hot Stamping109 预制作Prefabrication110 预制住宅Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁Cantilever112 金属模具Mold113 型板造型Modeling of Teplate114 染料Dyestuff115 颜料Artist Color传播与传媒设计（英）1 传播Communication2 大众传播Mass Communication3 媒体Media4 大众传播媒体Mass Media5 视觉传播Visual Communication6 听觉传播Hearing Communication7 信息Information8 符号Sign9 视觉符号Visual Sign10 图形符号Graphic Symbol11 符号论Semiotic12 象征Symbol13 象征标志Symbol Mark14 音响设计Acoustic Design15 听觉设计Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计Visual Design19 视觉传播设计Visual Communication Design20 图形设计Graphic Design21 编辑设计Editorial Design22 版面设计Layout23 字体设计Lettering24 CI设计Corporate Identity Design25 宣传Propaganda26 广告Advertising27 广告委托人Adveertiser28 广告代理业Advertising Agency29 广告媒体Advertising Media30 广告目的Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理Morality of Advertising32 广告法规Law of Advertising33 广告计划Advertising Planing34 广告效果Advertising Effect35 广告文案Advertising Copy36 广告摄影Advertising Photography37 说明广告Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报Poster39 招牌Sign-board40 小型宣传册Pamphlet41 大型宣传册Portfolio42 商品目录Catalogue43 企业商报House Organ44 户外广告Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示Display47 橱窗展示Window Display48 展示柜Cabinet49 博览会Exposition50 万国博览会World Exposition51 包装Packaging52 工业包装Industrial Packing53 标签Label54 企业形象Corporate Image55 企业色Company Color56 动画Animation57 插图Illustration58 书法Calligraphy59 印刷Initial60 设计费design fee61 标准standard62 注册商标registered trade mark工艺及表面处理age hardening 时效硬化ageing 老化处理air hardening 气体硬化air patenting 空气韧化annealing 退火anode effect 阳极效应anodizing 阳极氧化处理atomloy treatment 阿托木洛伊表面austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体bainite 贝氏体banded structure 条纹状组织barrel plating 滚镀barrel tumbling 滚筒打光blackening 染黑法blue shortness 青熟脆性bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理box annealing 箱型退火box carburizing 封箱渗碳bright electroplating 辉面电镀bright heat treatment 光辉热处理bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理carbide 炭化物carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层carburizing 渗碳cementite 炭化铁chemical plating 化学电镀chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀coarsening 结晶粒粗大化coating 涂布被覆cold shortness 低温脆性comemtite 渗碳体controlled atmosphere 大气热处理corner effect 锐角效应creeping discharge 蠕缓放电decarburization 脱碳处理decarburizing 脱碳退火depth of hardening 硬化深层diffusion 扩散diffusion annealing 扩散退火electrolytic hardening 电解淬火embossing 压花etching 表面蚀刻ferrite 肥粒铁first stage annealing 第一段退火flame hardening 火焰硬化flame treatment 火焰处理full annealing 完全退火gaseous cyaniding 气体氧化法globular cementite 球状炭化铁grain size 结晶粒度granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理graphitizing 石墨退火hardenability 硬化性hardenability curve 硬化性曲线hardening 硬化heat treatment 热处理hot bath quenching 热浴淬火hot dipping 热浸镀induction hardening 高周波硬化ion carbonitriding 离子渗碳氮化ion carburizing 离子渗碳处理ion plating 离子电镀isothermal annealing 等温退火liquid honing 液体喷砂法low temperature annealing 低温退火malleablizing 可锻化退火martempering 麻回火处理martensite 马氏体/硬化铁炭metallikon 金属喷镀法metallizing 真空涂膜nitriding 氮化处理nitrocarburizing 软氮化normalizing 正常化oil quenching 油淬化overageing 过老化overheating 过热pearlite 针尖组织phosphating 磷酸盐皮膜处理physical vapor deposition 物理蒸镀plasma nitriding 离子氮化pre-annealing 预备退火precipitation 析出precipitation hardening 析出硬化press quenching 加压硬化process annealing 制程退火quench ageing 淬火老化quench hardening 淬火quenching crack 淬火裂痕quenching distortion 淬火变形quenching stress 淬火应力reconditioning 再调质recrystallization 再结晶red shortness 红热脆性residual stress 残留应力retained austenite 残留奥rust prevention 防蚀salt bath quenching 盐浴淬火sand blast 喷砂处理seasoning 时效处理second stage annealing 第二段退火secular distortion 经年变形segregation 偏析selective hardening 部分淬火shot blast 喷丸处理shot peening 珠击法single stage nitriding 等温渗氮sintering 烧结处理soaking 均热处理softening 软化退火solution treatment 固溶化热处理spheroidizing 球状化退火stabilizing treatment 安定化处理straightening annealing 矫直退火strain ageing 应变老化stress relieving annealing 应力消除退火subzero treatment 生冷处理supercooling 过冷surface hardening 表面硬化处理temper brittleness 回火脆性temper colour 回火颜色tempering 回火tempering crack 回火裂痕texture 咬花thermal refining 调质处理thermoechanical treatment 加工热处理time quenching 时间淬火transformation 变态tufftride process 软氮化处理under annealing 不完全退火vacuum carbonitriding 真空渗碳氮化vacuum carburizing 真空渗碳处理vacuum hardening 真空淬火vacuum heat treatment 真空热处理vacuum nitriding 真空氮化water quenching 水淬火wetout 浸润处理radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凹convex凸short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液一、组织机构及职位总经理办公室General manager’s office模具部Tooling department项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划部Plan department制造部Manufacture departmentKeypad产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部IMD department五金部Metal stamping department设计科Design section冲压车间Stamping workshop电镀车间Plating workshop物控科Production material control section计划科Plan section仓务科Warehouse section商务科Business section品质规划科quality plan sectionIQC科IQC sectionIPQC科IPQC sectionOQC科OQC section检测中心measurement center项目规划科Project plan section项目XX科Project section XX试模科Mold test section成本科Cost section设备科Facility section采购科Purchase section综合办General affairs office编程科Programming section模具工程科Tooling engineering section 模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop 文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department 原料库Raw material warehouse半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库Finished product warehouse科长section chief主任chief部门主管department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding塑胶件Plastic parts塑材Raw parts喷涂件Painted parts装配件Assembly parts零件Component原料Raw material油漆Paint稀释剂Thinner油墨Ink物料编号part number三、模具注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plate A板A plateB板B plate支承板support plate方铁spacer plate回位销Return pin导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity mold 浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force开裂crack循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件Insert主流道sprue分流道runner浇口gate直浇口direct gate点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate 浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line 定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate，凸模core plate斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT）四、品管SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control巡检IPQC In-process quality control校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度Tensile Strength抗折强度Flexural Strength硬度Rigidity色差Color Difference涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness导电性能Electric Conductivity粘度viscosity附着力adhesion耐磨Abrasion resistance尺寸Dimension(喷涂)外观问题Cosmetic issue不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板Limit sample五、生产注塑机injection machine冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑Insert molding双色注塑Double injection molding薄壁注塑Thin wall molding膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration）移印Tampo printing丝印Silk screen printing热熔Heat staking超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW）尼龙nylon黄铜brass青铜bronze紫(纯)铜copper料斗hopper麻点pit配料compounding涂层coating飞边flash缺料Short mold烧焦Burn mark缩水Sink mark气泡Bubbles破裂Crack熔合线Welding line流痕Flow mark银条Silver streak黑条Black streak表面光泽不良Lusterless表面剥离Pelling翘曲变形Deformation脏圬Stain mark油污Oil mark蓝黑点Blue-black mark顶白Pin mark拉伤Scratch限度样品Limit sample最佳样品Golden sample预热preheating再生料recycle material机械手Robot机器人Servo robot试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production切料头Degate产能Capacity能力Capability参数Parameter二次加工Secondary process六．物控保质期shelf lifeABC分类法ABC Classification装配Assembly平均库存Average Inventory批号Batch Number批量生产Mass Production提货单Bill of Lading物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust 作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories七．QS-9000中的术语APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan，产品质量先期策划和控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制审核Audit能力Capability能力指数Capability Indices控制计划Control Plans纠正措施Corrective Action文件Documentation作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction不合格品Nonconformance不合格Nonconformity每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM预防措施Preventive Action程序Procedures过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart质量手册Quality Manual质量计划Quality Plan质量策划Quality Planning质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repair返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development：特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause 均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data 变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability材料清单Bill of Material设计确认Design Validation设计验证Design Verification八．常用缩略词语OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerANOV A 方差分析法Analysis of VarianceDFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis DOE 试验设计Design of ExperimentGR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis QSR 质量体系要求Quality System RequirementQFD 质量功能展开Quality Function DeploymentBOM 物料清单Bill of MaterialCpk 稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable processLCL 下控制限Lower Control LimitUCL 上控制限Upper Control LimitLSL 工程规范下限Lower Specification Limit —X--R图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart 防错（POKA-YOKE）Mistake ProofingETA 预计到达Estimate to be arrivePO 定单Purchase orderM/C 机器machineRFQ 报价需求Request for quotationMFI 熔融流动指数Melt flow indexFAI 全尺寸检测报告First article inspection COC 材质证明Certificate of complianceALT 加速老化试验Accelerated life testCRR 承认书Component review reportOT 加班Over timeCAP 矫正计划Corrective action planR&D 研发Research and DevelopmentASAP 尽快As soon as possibleECN工程更改通知Engineering change notice DCN 设计更改通知Design change notice OTD 准时交货On time delivery九．通用词语确保ensure构想construct会签con-sign功能Function机构organization外观appearance适用apply to作业流程Operation flow附件attachment商务人员business personnel汇总summarize指定相关人员designated personnel新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定Prepare委托entrust认证qualify电子档Soft copy3D文件3D database移转Transfer执行ConductXXX申请单XXX Application form客户要求Customer requirement启动Kick off评估Evaluation作业员Operator批准, 承认Approval合同评审Contract review可靠性Reliability相关的Relevant程序Procedure制程Process流程图Flow chart产品Product生产Production资材Logistics责任Responsibility跟进Follow-up交付Delivery汇总Summarize外协加工subcontract指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number附件attachment产品名称Description周期循环时间Cycle time模具号Mold No,数量quantity ( Qt’y )备注remarkSAP号SAP No.客户Customer表单Form初步的Preliminary版本Version根本原因Root cause（喷漆）夹具Fixture（设备）小夹具Jig设备Equipment设施Facility送，提交（样品）Submit责任部门,责任人Responsible by （大的）目标Objective(小的，具体的)目标Target格式Format上岗证Qualification card需求Requirement现场On site查检表Checklist试产pilot增值税VAT---value-added tax。
试验和标准手册 第七版英文名
试验和标准手册第七版英文名试验和标准手册第七版英文名：A Guide to Experiments and Standards, 7th Edition1. IntroductionIn the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of science and technology, experiments play a crucial role in advancing our understanding and knowledge. However, conducting experiments in a standardized andreliable manner is equally important to ensure accurate and reproducible results. This is where the “Guide to Experiments and Standards” comes into play. The seventh edition of this comprehensive manual provides researchers, scientists, and engineers with a valuable resource for designing, conducting, and evaluating experiments according to international standards.2. Importance of Standardization in ExperimentsStandardization is essential in experiments to ensure consistency, reliability, and comparability of results. The second section of the manual focuses on the significance of following standardized protocols and procedures. It highlights the benefits of using established standards in terms of data accuracy, quality control, and reproducibility. Moreover, the section discusses the role of standardization in facilitating collaboration, knowledge sharing, and global harmonization in scientific research.3. Designing ExperimentsThe third section of the manual delves into the intricacies of experimental design. It provides an in-depth exploration of the key components of a well-designed experiment, including the formulation of research questions, identification of variables, selection of sample size, and determination of statistical methods. The section also emphasizes the importance of considering ethical considerations andpotential limitations when designing experiments. A step-by-step guide to experimental design is presented, highlighting the crucial elements at each stage.4. Choosing the Right MethodologyThe fourth section focuses on selecting the appropriate methodology for experiments. It discusses various experimental techniques, such as observational studies, controlled laboratory experiments, field experiments, and simulation-based experiments. The advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications of each methodology are thoroughly explained. The section also provides guidance on selecting the most suitable methodology based on research objectives, available resources, and ethical considerations.5. Implementing ExperimentsOnce the experimental design and methodology are determined, the fifth section of the manual guides researchers on how to implement experiments effectively. This section covers various aspects, including data collection, equipment calibration, experimental setup, and recording procedures. Clear guidelines are provided to ensure accuracy, precision, and reliability in data collection. Furthermore, the section highlights the importance of maintaining detailed records and adhering to good laboratory practices.6. Statistical Analysis and InterpretationThe sixth section of the manual focuses on statistical analysis and interpretation of experimental data. It provides an overview of fundamental statistical concepts and techniques, such as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The section also emphasizes the importance of proper data analysis in drawing valid conclusions from experiments. Practical examples and case studies are included to facilitate understanding and application.7. Ensuring Quality AssuranceQuality assurance is a vital aspect of experiments to minimize errors, biases, and uncertainties. The seventh section of the manual explores various quality assurance measures that can be implemented throughout the experimental process. It covers topics such as calibration and verification of equipment, standardization of protocols, repeatability and reproducibility assessments, and traceability of measurements. The section also highlights the role of external quality assessments and laboratory accreditation in ensuring reliable and trustworthy experimental results.8. Documenting and Reporting ExperimentsThe eighth section addresses the importance of proper documentation and reporting of experimental procedures, results, and conclusions. It provides guidelines on preparing clear, concise, and comprehensive reports that adhere to recognized international standards. The section emphasizes the significance of transparency, traceability, and reproducibility in research publications. Additionally, it discusses the role of peer review and open access initiatives in promoting scientific rigor and integrity.ConclusionIn conclusion, the “Guide to Experiments and Standards, 7th Edition” serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists, and engineers involved in experimental work. By promoting standardization, proper experimental design, accurate data analysis, and quality assurance measures, this manual contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge and the reliability of experimental findings. By following the guidelines provided in this manual, researchers can enhance the validity, credibility, and impact of their experiments, ultimately driving progress in their respective fields.。
设计的分类与方法学英文对照汇总
设计的分类与方法学英文对照汇总1 设计 Desgin2 现代设计 Modern Design3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design4 工业设计 Industrial Design5 广义工业设计 Generalized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计 Product Design8 传播设计 Communication Design8 环境设计 Environmental Design9 商业设计 Commercial Design10 建筑设计 Architectural Design11 一维设计 One-dimension Design12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢 Decoration16 家具设计 Furniture Design17 玩具设计 Toy Design18 室内设计 Interior Design19 服装设计 Costume Design20 包装设计 packaging Design21 展示设计 Display Design22 城市规划 Urban Design23 生活环境 Living Environment24 都市景观 Townscape25 田园都市 Garden City26 办公室风致 Office Landscape27 设计方法论 Design Methodology28 设计语言 Design Language29 设计条件 Design Condition30 结构设计 Structure Design31 形式设计 Form Design32 设计过程 Design Process33 构思设计 Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design35 改型设计 Model Change36 设计调查 Design Survey37 事前调查 Prior Survey38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计 Compact type40 袖珍型设计 Pocketable Type41 便携型设计 Portable type42 收纳型设计 Self-containing Design43 装配式设计 Knock Down Type44 集约化设计 Stacking Type45 成套化设计 Set (Design)46 家族化设计 Family (Design)47 系列化设计 Series (Design)48 组合式设计 Unit Design49 仿生设计 Bionics Design50 功能 Function51 独创性 Originality52 创造力 Creative Power53 外装 Facing54 创造性思维 Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维 Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法 Method of K.J57 戈顿法 Synectice58 集体创造性思维法 Brain Storming59 设计决策 (Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系 T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系 O-R-M system62 印象战略 Image Stralegy63 AIDMA原则 Law of AIDMA64 功能分化 Functional Differentiation65 功能分析 Functional Analysis66 生命周期 Life Cycle67 照明设计 Illumination Design设计色彩方法（1 色 Color2 光谱 Spectrum3 物体色 Object Color4 固有色 Propor Color5 色料 Coloring Material6 色觉三色学说 Three-Component Theary7 心理纯色 Unique Color8 拮抗色学说 Opponent Color Theory9 色觉的阶段模型 Stage Model of the Color Perception10 色彩混合 Color Mixing11 基本感觉曲线 Trisimulus Valus Curves12 牛顿色环 Newton's Color Cycle13 色矢量 Color Vector14 三原色 Three Primary Colors15 色空间 Color Space16 色三角形 Color Triangle17 测色 Colourimetry18 色度 Chromaticity19 XYZ表色系 XYZ Color System20 实色与虚色 Real Color and Imaginary Color21 色等式 Color Equation22 等色实验 Color Matching Experiment23 色温 Color Temperature24 色问轨迹 Color Temperature Locus25 色彩三属性 Three Attribtes and Color26 色相 Hue27 色相环 Color Cycle28 明度 Valve29 彩度 Chroma30 环境色 Environmetal Color31 有彩色 Chromatic Color32 无彩色 Achromatic Colors33 明色 Light Color34 暗色 Dark Color35 中明色 Middle Light Color36 清色 Clear Color37 浊色 Dull Color38 补色 Complementary Color39 类似色 Analogous Color40 一次色 Primary Color41 二次色 Secondary Color42 色立体 Color Solid43 色票 Color Sample44 孟塞尔表色系 Munsell's Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系 Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系 Practical Color Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程 Color Engineering48 色彩管理 Color Control49 色彩再现 Color Reproduction50 等色操作 Color Matching51 色彩的可视度 Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性 Color Constancy53 色彩的对比 Color Contrast54 色彩的同化 Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性 Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色 Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色 Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色 Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色 Heavy Color and Light Color60 色价 Valeur61 色调 Color Tone62 暗调 Shade63 明调 Tint64 中间调 Halftone65 表面色 Surface Color66 平面色 Film Color67 色彩调和 Color Harmony68 配色 Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和 Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和 Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和 Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony72 色彩的感情 Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性 Color Symbolism74 色彩的嗜好 Color Preference75 流行色 Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性 Color Functionalism77 色彩规划 Color Planning78 色彩调节 Color Conditioning79 色彩调整 Color Coordinetion80 色彩设计 Color Design材料与加工成型技术1 材料 Material2 材料规划 Material Planning3 材料评价 Material Appraisal4 金属材料 Metal Materials5 无机材料 Inorganic Materials6 有机材料 Organic Materials7 复合材料 Composite Materials8 天然材料 Natural Materials9 加工材料 Processing Materials10 人造材料 Artificial Materials11 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal12 有色金属 Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料 Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料 Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料 High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料 Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料 Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料 High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料 Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷 Ceramics21 水泥 Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅 Enamel23 玻璃 Glass24 微晶玻璃 Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃 Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃 Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃 Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃 Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料 Plastics30 通用塑料 Wide Plastics31 工程塑料 Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂 Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂 Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶 Rubber35 粘接剂 Adhesives36 涂料 Paints37 树脂 Resin38 聚合物 Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂 Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂 Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂 Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂 Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙 Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂 Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂 Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂 Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂 Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂 Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂 Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂 Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂 Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂 Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂 Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂 Allyl Resin56 硅树脂 Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂 Polyurethane Resin58 密胺 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin59 ABS树脂 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂 Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂 Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨 Printing Ink63 印刷用纸 Printing Paper64 铜板纸 Art Paper65 木材 Wood66 竹材 Bamboo67 树脂装饰板 Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板 Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板 Veneer70 曲木 Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸 Waxed Paper72 青铜 Bronge73 薄壳结构 Shell Construction74 技术 Technic75 工具 Tool76 金工 Metal Work77 铸造 Casting78 切削加工 Cutting79 压力加工 Plastic Working80 压力加工 Plastic Working81 焊接 Welding82 板金工 Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克 Mosaic84 塑性成型 Plastic Working85 灌浆成型 Slip Casting86 挤出成型 Sqeezing87 注压成型 Injection Molding88 加压成型 Pressing89 水压成型 Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法 Hot Pressing91 HIP成型 Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型 Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型 Blow Molding94 压延成型 Calendering95 转送成型 Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型 Slash Molding97 铸塑成型 Casting98 喷涂成型 Spray Up99 层积成型 Laminating100 FW法 Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离 Adhesion and Excoriation 102 木材工艺 Woodcraft103 竹材工艺 Bamboo Work104 表面技术 Surface Technology105 镀饰 Plating106 涂饰 Coating107 电化铝 Alumite108 烫金 Hot Stamping109 预制作 Prefabrication110 预制住宅 Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁 Cantilever112 金属模具 Mold113 型板造型 Modeling of Teplate114 染料 Dyestuff115 颜料 Artist Color传播与传媒设计1 传播 Communication2 大众传播 Mass Communication3 媒体 Media4 大众传播媒体 Mass Media5 视觉传播 Visual Communication6 听觉传播 Hearing Communication7 信息 Information8 符号 Sign9 视觉符号 Visual Sign10 图形符号 Graphic Symbol11 符号论 Semiotic12 象征 Symbol13 象征标志 Symbol Mark14 音响设计 Acoustic Design15 听觉设计 Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计 Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计 Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计 Visual Design19 视觉传播设计 Visual Communication Design20 图形设计 Graphic Design21 编辑设计 Editorial Design22 版面设计 Layout23 字体设计 Lettering24 CI设计 Corporate Identity Design25 宣传 Propaganda26 广告 Advertising27 广告委托人 Adveertiser28 广告代理业 Advertising Agency29 广告媒体 Advertising Media30 广告目的 Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理 Morality of Advertising32 广告法规 Law of Advertising33 广告计划 Advertising Planing34 广告效果 Advertising Effect35 广告文案 Advertising Copy36 广告摄影 Advertising Photography37 说明广告 Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报 Poster39 招牌 Sign-board40 小型宣传册 Pamphlet41 大型宣传册 Portfolio42 商品目录 Catalogue43 企业商报 House Organ44 户外广告 Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告 Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示 Display47 橱窗展示 Window Display48 展示柜 Cabinet49 博览会 Exposition50 万国博览会 World Exposition51 包装 Packaging52 工业包装 Industrial Packing53 标签 Label54 企业形象 Corporate Image55 企业色 Company Color56 动画 Animation57 插图 Illustration58 书法 Calligraphy59 印刷 Initial60 设计费 design fee61 标准 standard62 注册商标 registered trade mark设计美学与设计实验（英）1 美 Beauty2 现实美 Acture Beauty3 自然美 Natural Beauty4 社会美 Social Beauty5 艺术美 Artisitc Beauty6 内容与形式 Content and Form7 形式美 Formal Beauty8 形式原理 Principles and Form9 技术美 Beauty of Technology10 机械美 Beauty of Machine11 功能美 Functional Beauty12 材料美 Beauty of Material13 美学 Aesthetics14 技术美学 Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学 Design Aesthetics16 生产美学 PAroduction Aesthetics17 商品美学 Commodity Aedthetics18 艺术 Art19 造型艺术 Plastic Arts20 表演艺术 Performance Art21 语言艺术 Linguistic Art22 综合艺术 Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术 Practical Art24 时间艺术 Time Art25 空间艺术 Spatial Art26 时空艺术 Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术 One Dimantional28 二维艺术 two Dimantional29 三维艺术 Three Dimantional30 四维艺术 Four Dimantional31 舞台艺术 Stagecraft32 影视艺术 Arts of Mmovie and Television33 环境艺术 Environmental Art34 美术 Fine Arts35 戏剧 Drama36 文学 Literature37 意匠 Idea38 图案 Pattern39 构思 Conception40 构图 Composition41 造型 Formation42 再现 Representation43 表现 Expression44 构成 Composition45 平面构成 Tow Dimentional Composition46 立体构成 Three Dimentional Composition47 色彩构成 Color Composition48 空间构成 Composition of Space49 音响构成 Composition and Sound50 多样与统一 Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡 Balance52 对称 Symmetry53 调和、和声 Harmony54 对比 Contrast55 类似 Similarity56 比例 Proportion57 黄金分割 Golden Section58 节奏 Rhythm59 旋律 Melody60 调子 Tone61 变奏 Variation62 纹样 Pattern63 形态 Form64 有机形态 Organic Form65 抽象形态 Abstract Form66 简化形态 Simptified Form67 变形 Deformation68 图学 Graphics69 透视画法 Perspective70 线透视 Linear Perspective71 视点 Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点 Vanishing Point73 平行透视 Parallel Persective74 成角透视 Angular Perspective75 斜透视 Obligue Perspective76 单点透视 Single Paint Perdpective77 两点透视 Tow-Point Perdpective78 三点透视 Three-Point Perdpective79 鸟瞰图 Bird's Eye View80 平面视图 Ground Plain81 轴侧投影 Axonometric Projection82 设计素描 Design Sketch83 预想图 Rendering84 模型 Model85 粘土模型 Clay Model86 石膏模型 Plaster Model87 木制模型 Wooden Model88 缩尺模型 Scale Model89 原大模型 Mock Up90 仿真模型 Finished Model91 制造原形 Prototype92 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics93 框架模型 Frame Model94 实体模型 Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助制造 Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画 Computer Three Dimentional Animation98 计算机艺术 Computer Arts99 计算机书法 Computer Calligraphy100 计算机图象处理 Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成 Computer Sound Composition实验心理学与人机工程学1 人类工程学 Human Engineering2 人机工程学 Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学 Ergonomice4 人因工程学 Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素 Human Factors6 人机系统 Man-Machine System7 人体工程学 Human Engineering8 人本位设计 Human Sstandard Design9 实验心理学 Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学 Psychophysics11 感觉 Sensation12 知觉 Perception13 感觉阙限 Threshold of Senssation14 心理量表 Psychological Scaling15 视觉 Visual Perception16 视觉通道 Visual Pathway17 听觉 Hearing Perception18 肤觉 Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学 Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学 Hearing Psychology21 感光元 Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视 Phootopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision23 光适应与暗适应 Photopic Adaptation and Sscotopic Adaptation24 格式塔，完形 Gestalt25 形状知觉 Shape Perception26 轮廓 Conotour27 主观轮廓 Subjictive Contour28 图形与背景 Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转 Reversible Figure30 良好形状法则 Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化 Grouping32 等质性法则 Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装 Camouflage34 形状的恒常性 Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性 Size Constancy36 空间知觉 Space Perception37 立体视 Stereopsis38 运动知觉 Movement Perception39 视错觉 Optical Illusion40 残像 After Image41 似动 Apparent Movement42 视觉后效 Aftereffects in Visuvl43 瀑布效应 Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪 Eye Camera45 听觉刺激 Auditory Stimulus46 声压 Sound Pressure47 声压水平 Sound Pressure Level48 频谱 Spectrum49 乐音与非乐音 Tone and Nontone50 噪声 Noise51 听觉阙限 Auditory Threshold52 响度 Loudness53 听觉掩蔽 Auditory Masking54 音乐心理学 Psychology of Music55 音响心理学 Psychology of Sound56 音的四属性 Four Attribute Sound57 音高 Pitch58 音色 Timbre59 力度 Loudness60 频率辨别阙限 Difference Threshold of Frequency61 强度辨别阙限 Difference Threshold of Loudness62 混响 Reverberation63 音源距离感 Distance Perception of Sound64 音源方位感 Orientation Perception of Sound65 立体声 Stereophony66 语言心理学 Psycholinguistics67 语言声谱 Language Spectrum68 语言清晰度 Articulation69 人体尺寸 Humanlady Size70 作业空间 Work Space71 模数 Module72 心理尺度 Psychological Measure73 动作分析 Motion Analysis74 时间研究 Time Study75 动作时间研究 Motion and Time Study76 时间动作轨迹摄影 Chronocyclegragh77 动迹 Traffic Line78 光迹摄影 Luminogram79 脑波 Brain Wave80 生物钟 Bio-o'clock81 睡眠 Sleep82 疲劳 Fatigue83 姿态 Body Posture84 皮肤电反应 Galranic Skin Response85 临界闪烁频率 Critical Flicker Frequence86 肌肉运动学 Kinesiology87 肌电图 Electromyography88 形态学 Morphology89 仿生学 Bionics90 人、环境系统 Man-Environment System91 照明 Hlumination92 振动 Oscillate93 气候 Climate94 空气调节 Air Conditioning95 功能分配 Functional Allocation设计团体与部分人物（英）1 维也纳工厂 Wiener Werksttate2 德意志制造联盟 Der Deutsche Werkbund3 克兰布鲁克学院 The Cranbrook Academy4 国际现代建筑会议 Congres Internationaux D'Architecture Moderne5 现代艺术馆 Museum Of Modern Art6 芝加哥设计学院 Chicago Institute of Design7 英国工业设计委员会 Council of Industrial Design8 设计委员会 The Desgin Council9 国际建筑师协会 Union Internationale des Architects10 设计研究组织 Design Research Unit11 日本工业设计师协会 Japan Industrial Desginers Association12 日本设计学会 Japanese Society for Science of Design13 乌尔姆造型学院 Ulm Hochschule fur Gestallung14 国际设计协会联合会 International Council of Societies Industrial Desgin15 国际工业设计会议 International Design Congress ,ICSID Congress16 国际设计师联盟 Allied International Designers17 国际室内设计师联合会 International Federation of Interior Designers18 国际图形设计协会 International Graphic Desgin Associations19 国际流行色协会 International Commission for color in fashion and Textiles20 工业产品设计中心 The Centre de Creation Industrielle21 中国工业设计协会 China Industrial Design Association22 阿尔齐米亚集团 Alchymia Studio23 中国流行色协会 China Fashion Color Association24 中国技术美学委员会 China Technological Aesthetics Association25 莫里斯 Willian Morris (1834-1896E)26 奥斯特瓦德 Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald(1853-1932G)27 孟赛尔 Albert F.Munsell (1858-1918A)28 凡.德.维尔德 Henry Vande Velde (1863-1957)29 莱特 Lloyd Wright (1867-1959A)30 贝伦斯 Peter Behrens(1868-1940G)31 霍夫曼 Joseph Hoffmann(1870-1956)32 皮克 Frank Pick(1878-1941)33 维斯宁兄弟 Alexander Leonid and Victor Vesnin34 格罗皮乌斯 Walter Gropius(1883-1969)35 蒂格 Walter Dorwin Teague36 利奇 Bernard Leach37 勒.柯不西埃 Le Corbusier(法)38 伊顿 Johennes Itten39 里特维尔德 Gerrit Thomas Rietvela40 庞蒂 Gio Ponti41 拉塞尔 Gordon Russel42 格迪斯 Norman Bel Geddes43 洛伊 Raymond Fermam44 里德 Herbert Read45 莫荷利.纳吉 Laszlo Moholy Nagy46 凡.多伦 Harold Van Doren47 阿尔托 Alvar Aalto48 拜耶 Herbert Bayer49 卡桑德拉 A.M.Cassandre50 佩夫斯纳 Nikolans51 布劳耶尔 Marcel Breuer52 佩里安 Charlotte Perriand53 德雷夫斯 Henry Dreyfuss54 迪奥 Christian Dior55 鲍登 Edward Bawden56 贾戈萨 Dante Giacosa57 伊姆斯 Charles Eames58 伊娃齐塞尔 Eva Zeiesl59 比尔MaxBill设计法规与标准（英）1 知识产权Intellectual Property2 著作权 Copyright3 工业产权 Industrial Property4 专利 Patent5 发明专利 Patent for Invention6 实用新型 Utility Modle7 外观设计专利 Registation of Design8 注册商标 Registered Trade Mark9 广告法 Advertising Law10 反不正当竞争 Repression of Untair Competition11 设计费 Design Fee12 标准 Standard13 德国工业标准 Deutsche Industrie Normen设计生产经营与评价1 工业工程学 Industrial Engineering2 工业心理学 Industrial Psychology3 科学管理法 Scientific Management4 生产管理 Production Control5 质量管理 Quality Control6 系统工程 System Engineering7 批量生产 Mass Production8 流水作业 Conveyer System9 互换式生产方式 Interchangeable Produsction Method10 标准化 Standardization11 自动化 Automation12 市场调查 Market Research13 商品化计划 Merchandising14 产品开发 Product Developement15 产品改型 Model Change16 产品测试 Product Testing17 产品成本 Product Cost18 营销学 Marketing19 买方市场 Buyer's Market20 卖方市场 Seller's Marker21 促销 Sales Promotion22 适销 Marketability23 消费者 Consumer24 购买动机调查 Motivation Research25 深层面接法 Depth Interview26 销售热点 Selling Point27 卡通测试法 Cartoon Test28 产品形象 Product Image29 形象策略 Image Strategy30 公共关系 Public Relations31 运筹学 Operations Research32 设计策略 Design Policy33 艺术总监 Art Director设计思潮与流派（英）1 学院派 Academicism2 理性主义 Rationalism3 非理性主义 Irrationalism4 古典主义 Classicism5 浪漫主义 Romanticism6 现实主义 Realism7 印象主义 Impressionism8 后印象主义 Postimpressionism9 新印象主义 Neo-Impressionisme(法）10 那比派 The Nabject11 表现主义 Expressionism12 象征主义 Symbolism13 野兽主义 Fauvism14 立体主义 Cubism15 未来主义 Futurism16 奥弗斯主义 Orphism17 达达主义 Dadaisme(法)18 超现实主义 Surrealism19 纯粹主义 Purism20 抽象艺术 Abstract Art21 绝对主义，至上主义 Suprematism22 新造型主义 Neo-plasticisme(法)23 风格派 De Stiji24 青骑士 Der Blaus Reiter25 抒情抽象主义 Lyric Abstractionism26 抽象表现主义 Abstract Expressionism27 行动绘画 Action Painting28 塔希主义 Tachisme(法)29 视幻艺术 Op Art30 活动艺术、机动艺术 Kinetic Art31 极少主义 Minimalism32 概念主义 Conceptualism33 波普艺术 Pop Art34 芬克艺术、恐怖艺术 Funk Art35 超级写实主义 Super Realism36 人体艺术 Body Art37 芝加哥学派 Chicago School38 艺术与手工艺运动 The Arts & Crafts Movement39 新艺术运动 Art Nouveau40 分离派 Secession41 构成主义 Constructivism42 现代主义 Modernism43 包豪斯 Bauhaus44 阿姆斯特丹学派 Amsterdam School45 功能主义 Functionalism46 装饰艺术风格 Art Deco(法)47 国际风格 International Style48 流线型风格 Streamlined Forms49 雅典宪章 Athens Charter50 马丘比丘宪章 Charter of Machupicchu51 斯堪的纳维亚风格 Scandinavia Style52 新巴洛克风格 New Baroque53 后现代主义 Postmodernism54 曼菲斯 Memphis55 高技风格 High Tech56 解构主义 Deconstructivism57 手工艺复兴 Crafts Revival58 准高技风格 Trans High Tech59 建筑风格 Architecture60 微建筑风格 Micro-Architecture61 微电子风格 Micro-Electronics62 晚期现代主义 Late Moddernism《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案目录第一单元 (18)课文A：计算机概览 (18)第二单元 (20)课文A：计算机硬件 (20)第三单元 (23)课文A：操作系统 (23)第四单元 (26)课文A：编程语言 (26)第五单元 (28)课文A：计算机程序 (28)第六单元 (32)课文A：分布式计算机系统 (32)第七单元 (35)课文A：进入关系数据库的世界 (35)第八单元 (38)课文A：电信与计算机 (38)第九单元 (40)课文A：计算机网络 (40)第十单元 (42)课文A：网络拓扑结构 (42)第十一单元 (45)课文A：因特网是如何工作的？ (45)第十二单元 (48)课文A：信息革命 (48)第十三单元 (51)课文A：电子商务简介 (51)第十四单元 (53)课文A：计算机安全 (53)第十五单元 (56)课文A：比尔•盖茨文摘（1）： (56)比尔•盖茨文摘（2）： (57)练习答案 (59)第一单元课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
文献翻译：服务的核心流程
附录A1Core processes in the service1 Porsche After Sales StandardsPorsche After Sales Standards include instruments, design and equipment speci fications, competences, processes, systems and working methods and are essentially designed to achieve two objectives:· To structure day-to-day work efficiently and actively in a professional and customer-orientway· To guarantee the Porsche brand identity and its brand value in the market.In simple terms:The standards form the basis for the success of the Porsche brand in the market. Porsche car service processes in Table 1、Table 2、Table 3.Table 1Porsche After Sales guiding principles and retail standardsTable 2 Talks/arranging appointmentsTable 3 Entrance to our premisesObjective：Your customer expects technically perfect service-that’s why he visits a Porsche partner. Porsche is better at repairs and maintenance work than anyone else. You must now show the same degree of professionalism in the technical area as you and your colleagues have shown in the previous process steps. What’s important here is a high quality of work with a high level of service and above-average productivity. The result is perfect repairs——all done and dusted’ by the promised completion date. This makes good business sense and ensures customer satisfaction at the same time.Positive effects：This is where all interfaces run together. Depending on how everyone works together and communicates with each other, and depending on a predefined structure as well as the preparations and follow-up for the individual Steps, the result can be seen in the service figures, productivity and-in particular-in the level of service.Investments：Investments are needed in the workshop equipment area (tools, special tools, IT equipment, PIWIS, testers, etc.).3. Quality control/pre-delivery inspectionObjective：Quality control and the final inspection ensure lasting customer satisfaction. Your customers expect the vehicle to leave the workshop in perfect condition. Make sure they are not disappointed.Positive effects：After providing a technically perfect service, the next thing you have to do is create the related invoice quickly and completely whilepre-delivery inspection so that the work that was done can be paid for immediately. The customer is thus impressed by your professional approach when he comes to collect his vehicle and you actively contribute to reducing the number of complaints received.Investments：Implementing quality control and pre-delivery inspection as described below requires a lot of discipline for adhering to the standards. A financial commitment is not required.附录A2服务的核心流程1.Porsche售后服务标准Porsche售后服务标准包括仪表、设计和设备规范、能力、流程、系统和工作方法，并且必需能够实现两个目标：·以专业和以客户为本的方式积极有效地安排日常工作·保证市场中的Porsche品牌形象及其品牌价值简而言之：标准构成了市场上Porsche品牌成功的基础。
建筑类英语常用词汇大全
建筑专业常用英语词汇Adesign basis设计依据计划建议书planning proposals设计任务书design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料original data设计进度schedule of designBstage of design设计阶段方案scheme, draft草图sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawingCclimate condition气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度relative humidityDgeneral room name常用房间名称办公室office服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motor room车库garage清洁间cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室meeting room衣柜间ward robe暖风间h.v.a.c room饭店restaurant餐厅canteen, dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室antecabinet (ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard houseEroofing and ceiling屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层extra ply of felt檐口eave挑檐overhanging eave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(r.w.p)汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水interior drainage外排水exterior drainage滴水drip屋面排水roof drainage找平层leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole人孔manhole吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) corniceFwall (cladding)墙体(外墙板)砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙hollow brick wall承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙external (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity wall压顶coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof course (d.p.c)遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated single steel plate外墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿bracket砖烟囱brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthGfloor and trench地面及地沟地坪grade地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course, blinding面层covering, finish结合层bonding (binding) course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (r.c slab) 乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope集水沟gully集水口gulley排水沟drainage trench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable cover plate集水坑sump pit孔翻边hole up stand电缆沟cable trenchHdoors,glass,windows & ironmongery(hardware)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门roller shutter door弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window钢窗steel window铝合金窗aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glassIstaircase, landing & lift (elevator)楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步step扇形踏步winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度tread width防滑条non-slip insert (strips)栏杆railing (balustrade)平台栏杆platform railing吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole扶手handrail梯段高度height of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台stair landing客梯passenger lift货梯goods lift客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator观光电梯observation elevator电梯机房lift mortar room电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaftJbuilding material words and phrases建筑材料词汇及短语bricks and tiles 砖和瓦红砖red brick粘土砖clay brick瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖facing brick地板砖flooring tile缸砖clinkery brick马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetlime, sand and stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉white marble花岗岩granite碎石crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sandcement, mortar and concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) portland cement 硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆bituminous mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concretefacing and plastering materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰lath and plasterasphalt(bitumen) and asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fibertimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber胶合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tongued and grooved board层夹板laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bamboometallic materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbbar方钢square steel扁钢steel strap,flat steel型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle工字钢i-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange i-beam丁(之)字钢t-bar (z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain round bar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate低碳钢low carbon steel冷弯cold bending钢管steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管seamless steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管iron pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire钢丝网steel wire mesh多孔金属网expanded metal锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelnon-ferrous metal 有色金属金gold白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅leadanti-corrosion materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯pvc (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumen paint环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer防锈漆anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂epoxy resinbuilding hardware 建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial bolt高强螺栓high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washerpaint 油漆底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil, chinese wood oil红丹red lead铅油lead oil腻子puttyKother architectural terms其它建筑术语discipline 专业建筑architecture土木civil给排水water supply and drainage总图plot plan采暖通风h.v.a.c (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应electric power supply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heat power supply动力mechanical power工艺process technology管道pipingconventional terms 一般通用名词建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient architecture现代建筑modern architecture标准化建筑standardized buildings附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building modelarchitectural physics 建筑物理照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光glaze方位角azimuth辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽vapor-proofname of professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (pm)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer实习生probationer专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员techniciandrafting 制图总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录list of drawings平面图plan局部放大图detail with enlarged scale．．．平面示意图schematic plan of...．．．平剖面图sectional plan of...留孔平面图plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross (transverse) section立面elevation正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical detail节点号detail no.首页front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图diagram草图sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图flow diagram标准图standard drawing．．．布置图layout of ...地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表working schedule技术经济指标technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures 编号coding序列号serial no.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade直线straight line曲线curves曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted line实线solid line影线hatching line点划线dot and dash line轴线axis等高线contour line中心线center line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线tangent line尺寸线dimension line园形round环形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四边形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass力force米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公顷hectate牛顿/平方米newton/square meter 千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter 英尺foot英寸inch磅pound吨ton加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension内径inside diameter外径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight数量quantity百分比percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉fountain地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant灭火器fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher。
工程师可以做什么英语作文
Engineers are professionals who apply scientific principles and mathematical methods to design,develop,and maintain various systems and structures.They are involved in a wide range of sectors,from civil and mechanical to electrical and software engineering.Here are some of the things engineers can do in their professional capacity:1.Design and Development:Engineers are responsible for creating new products, systems,or structures.They use computeraided design CAD software to draft detailed plans and schematics.2.Problem Solving:Engineers often work on complex problems that require innovative solutions.They must analyze situations,identify issues,and develop effective strategies to overcome challenges.3.Project Management:Engineers are often tasked with overseeing projects from conception to completion.This includes managing budgets,timelines,and resources,as well as coordinating with other professionals such as architects and construction workers.4.Research and Development RD:Many engineers work in RD,where they conduct experiments and develop new technologies or improve existing ones.This can involve anything from creating more efficient engines to developing new materials.5.Quality Control:Ensuring that products meet industry standards and safety regulations is a critical role for engineers.They test and evaluate systems to ensure they perform as expected.6.Consulting:Engineers often provide expert advice to businesses and governments. They can help clients make informed decisions about the feasibility,cost,and impact of various projects.7.Teaching and Education:Some engineers work in academia,teaching the next generation of engineers and conducting research that can benefit the field.8.Environmental Impact Assessment:Engineers can play a key role in assessing the environmental impact of projects and finding ways to minimize negative effects.9.Safety Engineering:In this role,engineers focus on designing systems and processes that are safe for both workers and the public.This can include anything from designing safe machinery to creating emergency response plans.10.Maintenance and Repair:Engineers are also involved in the ongoing maintenance andrepair of existing systems and structures,ensuring they continue to operate efficiently and safely.11.Regulatory Compliance:Engineers must stay uptodate with the latest regulations and standards in their field and ensure that all projects they work on are compliant.12.Innovation:Engineers are at the forefront of innovation,constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible with technology and materials.13.Collaboration:Engineers often work in teams with other professionals,requiring strong communication and collaboration skills to achieve project goals.14.Documentation:Detailed documentation is a key part of an engineers job,from writing technical specifications to creating user manuals and maintenance guides.15.Sustainability:Many engineers are involved in designing sustainable solutions that minimize environmental impact and promote longterm viability.In conclusion,the role of an engineer is multifaceted and dynamic,requiring a combination of technical expertise,creativity,and problemsolving skills.Whether they are working on a largescale infrastructure project or developing a new consumer product, engineers play a crucial role in shaping the world we live in.。
南非土木工程施工标准英文
Title: South African Civil Engineering Construction StandardsAbstract: This paper aims to provide an overview of the civil engineering construction standards in South Africa. The paper discusses the key aspects of construction standards, including design, materials, construction methods, and safety regulations. It also highlights the importance of adhering to these standards to ensure the quality, durability, and safety of civil engineering projects in the country.Introduction:Civil engineering construction standards are essential guidelines that ensure the quality, durability, and safety of construction projects. These standards provide a common framework for professionals involved in the design, planning, and execution of civil engineering projects. In South Africa, adherence to construction standards is crucial to ensure the successful completion of projects and to meet the needs of the country's growing infrastructure requirements.Design Standards:The design of civil engineering projects in South Africa is governed by a set of design standards and codes. These standards provide guidelines for the design of various components of civil engineering projects, including structures, roads, water supply systems, and sanitation facilities. The design standards ensure that the projects arestructurally sound, safe, and able to withstand the environmental conditions in the country.Material Standards:The use of high-quality materials is essential for the construction of civil engineering projects. In South Africa, materials used in construction projects must meet certain standards to ensure their durability and performance. These standards cover a wide range of materials, including concrete, steel, aggregates, and building products. The use of materials that do not meet the required standards can lead to structural failures and compromises the safety of the projects.Construction Methods:Construction methods play a crucial role in the successful completion of civil engineering projects. In South Africa, construction methods are guided by a set of standards and best practices. These standards provide guidelines for excavation, foundation construction, superstructure construction, and other construction activities. Adhering to these standards ensures that the construction process is efficient, safe, and minimizes the impact on the environment.Safety Regulations:Safety is a paramount concern in civil engineering construction projects. In South Africa, safety regulations are strictly enforced to protect workers and ensure the safety of construction sites. These regulations include guidelines for personal protective equipment, excavation safety, scaffolding, and lifting operations. Adherence to these safety regulations is essential to prevent accidents and minimize the risk of injuries on construction sites.Conclusion:Adherence to civil engineering construction standards is vital for the successful completion of construction projects in South Africa. These standards ensure the quality, durability, and safety of projects and provide a common framework for professionals involved in theconstruction process. By following these standards, constructionprojects in South Africa can meet the needs of the country's growing infrastructure requirements and contribute to its economic development.。
国际钢结构工程质量验收标准
国际钢结构工程质量验收标准Quality acceptance standards for international steel structure engineering play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and performance of steel structures. These standards are developed to establish criteria for evaluating the quality of steel structure projects and to provide guidelines for construction practices. 国际钢结构工程质量验收标准在确保钢结构的安全性、可靠性和性能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
这些标准旨在建立评估钢结构工程质量的标准，并为施工实践提供指导。
One of the key aspects of quality acceptance standards for steel structures is to define the quality requirements for materials used in construction. This includes specifications for the types of steel, welding materials, and coatings that are acceptable for use in steel structures. Another important aspect is the inspection and testing procedures that need to be carried out during the construction process to ensure that the materials meet the specified quality standards. 钢结构质量验收标准的关键方面之一是为建筑材料定义质量要求。
施工方法说明书英语作文
施工方法说明书英语作文Construction is a complex and multifaceted process that involves a wide range of activities and techniques. In order to ensure the successful completion of a construction project, it is essential to have a well-defined and comprehensive construction method specification. This document outlines the step-by-step procedures and requirements for the various phases of the construction process, from site preparation to the final finishing touches.One of the primary components of a construction method specification is the site preparation phase. This involves the clearing and leveling of the land, the removal of any existing structures or vegetation, and the installation of necessary infrastructure such as access roads and utility connections. It is crucial that these preliminary steps are carried out in a meticulous and organized manner to provide a solid foundation for the rest of the construction process.Following the site preparation, the next step is the excavation and foundation work. This involves the digging of trenches and footings,the installation of reinforcement materials such as steel or concrete, and the pouring of the foundation itself. The construction method specification must provide detailed instructions on the depth and dimensions of the excavation, the type and placement of the reinforcement materials, and the specific concrete mix design and curing requirements.Once the foundation is in place, the next phase of construction is the framing and structural work. This includes the erection of the building's skeleton, which may consist of wood, steel, or concrete. The construction method specification must outline the specific techniques and materials to be used, such as the size and spacing of the framing members, the type of fasteners to be used, and the methods for ensuring the structural integrity of the building.In addition to the framing and structural work, the construction method specification must also address the installation of the building's exterior envelope. This includes the installation of the roof, walls, and windows, as well as the application of any necessary waterproofing or insulation materials. The specification must provide detailed instructions on the proper installation techniques, the use of appropriate materials, and the necessary quality control measures to ensure the long-term durability and performance of the building envelope.Another critical component of the construction method specification is the electrical and mechanical systems. This includes the installation of the building's electrical wiring, lighting fixtures, HVAC systems, plumbing, and other essential systems. The specification must provide detailed instructions on the proper sizing and placement of these systems, as well as the necessary testing and commissioning procedures to ensure their proper functioning.The final phase of the construction process is the finishing work, which includes the installation of the building's interior finishes, such as flooring, walls, and ceilings, as well as the installation of any necessary fixtures and furnishings. The construction method specification must provide detailed instructions on the proper installation techniques, the use of appropriate materials, and the necessary quality control measures to ensure the aesthetic and functional integrity of the finished product.Throughout the entire construction process, the construction method specification must also address the necessary safety and environmental considerations. This includes the implementation of appropriate safety protocols, the proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials, and the adherence to all relevant building codes and regulations.In conclusion, the construction method specification is a criticaldocument that provides a comprehensive and detailed roadmap for the successful completion of a construction project. By outlining the step-by-step procedures and requirements for each phase of the construction process, the specification helps to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the highest standards of quality and safety. Whether you are a construction professional or a homeowner embarking on a renovation project, a well-crafted construction method specification is an essential tool for achieving your goals.。
制定标准拟采用的方法和技术依据
制定标准拟采用的方法和技术依据英文回答：Methodology and Techniques for Standard Development:Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Conduct a comprehensive search of existing literature to identify relevant research, standards, and best practices.Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with industry experts, researchers, and end-users to gather their insights, feedback, and requirements.Expert Consensus: Facilitate workshops or surveys to elicit expert opinions and reach a consensus on the content and format of the standard.Piloting and Validation: Implement the draft standardin pilot projects to test its feasibility and effectiveness.Peer Review: Submit the standard for independent review by qualified experts to ensure its technical soundness and relevance.Approval and Publication: Finalize the standard based on feedback from peer reviewers and industry stakeholders. Publish the standard in an accessible format.Regular Review and Maintenance: Establish a processfor periodic review and revision of the standard to keep it up-to-date with technological advancements and industry best practices.中文回答：制定标准的依据方法和技术：系统文献综述（SLR），全面检索现有文献，找出相关研究、标准和最佳实践。
阀门的制造工艺流程图英文版
阀门的制造工艺流程图英文版Valve Manufacturing Process Flowchart.1. Introduction.Valve manufacturing is a complex process that involves multiple stages, from design and engineering to final assembly and testing. This process flowchart outlines the key steps involved in creating high-quality valves thatmeet industry standards and customer requirements.2. Design and Engineering.The first step in valve manufacturing is to design the valve based on customer requirements and industry standards. This involves creating technical drawings andspecifications that detail the dimensions, materials, and performance characteristics of the valve. The design team must ensure that the valve will operate reliably and safely under various conditions, while also considering factorssuch as cost and manufacturability.3. Material Procurement.Once the design is complete, the next step is to procure the necessary materials for production. This includes selecting high-quality raw materials such as castings, forgings, and other components that will be used in the valve's construction. The materials must meet specific standards and specifications to ensure the quality and durability of the final product.4. Machining and Fabrication.The machining and fabrication stage involves using various tools and machines to shape and assemble the valve components. This may include operations such as drilling, milling, turning, welding, and brazing. The precision and accuracy of these operations are critical to ensuring that the valve will function properly.5. Assembly.Once the individual components have been machined and fabricated, they are assembled into the final valve. This process requires careful attention to detail to ensure that all parts fit together correctly and function as designed. Assembly may also involve the installation of seals, gaskets, and other components that are critical to the valve's performance.6. Testing and Inspection.After assembly, the valve undergoes rigorous testing and inspection to ensure its quality and performance. This may include pressure testing, leak testing, and other tests to evaluate the valve's ability to withstand various conditions and operate reliably. The inspection process also involves checking for any defects or imperfectionsthat could affect the valve's performance.7. Painting and Coating.Once the valve has passed testing and inspection, itmay undergo painting or coating to protect the surface and enhance its durability. This step is particularly important for valves that will be exposed to harsh environments or corrosive conditions.8. Packaging and Shipping.The final step in the valve manufacturing process is packaging and shipping. The valve is carefully packaged to protect it during transport and shipped to the customer. Packaging materials and methods must meet specific standards to ensure the safety and integrity of the valve during transit.In conclusion, the valve manufacturing process is a complex and multi-step process that requires careful attention to detail and strict adherence to industry standards. By following this process flowchart, manufacturers can ensure the production of high-quality valves that meet customer requirements and industry standards.。
医疗器械经营质量管理规范 英文
Medical Device Quality Management Standard IntroductionThe Medical Device Quality Management Standard is a set of guidelines and regulations that govern the quality management practices for the operation of medical devices. These standards are designed to ensure the safety and efficacy of medical devices and to protect the health and well-being of patients.ScopeThis standard applies to all entities involved in the operation and distribution of medical devices, including manufacturers, importers, distributors, and healthcare facilities. It covers all aspects of the quality management system, from product development and manufacturing to post-market surveillance.Definitions•Medical Device: Any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance, implant, in-vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, intended by themanufacturer to be used for human beings for medicalpurposes.•Quality Management System (QMS): A formalized system that documents the structure, responsibilities,procedures, processes, and resources required toimplement and maintain quality in an organization.•Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): A set of guidelines published by regulatory authorities that outline the minimum requirements for the methods, facilities, and controls used in the manufacturing, processing, andpackaging of medical devices.RequirementsThe following sections outline the key requirements for medical device quality management:1. Documentation ControlAll documentation related to the quality management system, including policies, procedures, work instructions, and records, must be controlled. This includes ensuring that the documentation is available, up to date, and accessible to all relevant personnel. Any changes to the documentation must be documented, reviewed, and approved by authorized personnel.2. Management ResponsibilityTop management must be committed to the quality management system and ensure that it is effectively implemented and maintained throughout the organization. This includes establishing a quality policy, defining quality objectives, and regularly reviewing the performance of the system.3. Risk ManagementA risk management process must be in place to identify, evaluate, and mitigate risks associated with the operation and use of medical devices. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing risk control measures, and monitoring the effectiveness of these measures.4. Design and DevelopmentMedical device manufacturers must have a systematic and controlled process for the design and development of their products. This includes defining design inputs, establishing verification and validation activities, and conducting design reviews. Changes to the design must be managed and controlled.5. Purchasing and Supplier ManagementOrganizations must establish procedures for the selection, evaluation, and monitoring of suppliers. This includes defining criteria for supplier qualification, conducting supplier audits, and ensuring that purchased products meet the required quality standards.6. Production and Process ControlManufacturers must have effective controls in place to ensure the consistent production of medical devices that meet the required quality standards. This includes establishing processes for the control of product realization activities, implementing process validation procedures, and conducting regular inspections and tests.7. Product Identification and TraceabilityOrganizations must have a system in place to ensure the identification and traceability of their products throughout the entire supply chain. This includes labeling, packaging, and recording of product information, as well as establishing procedures for product recall and investigation of complaints.8. Measurement and AnalysisOrganizations must establish procedures for the monitoring, measurement, and analysis of their processes to ensure that they are effective and meet the required quality standards. This includes establishing quality objectives, conducting internal audits, and analyzing data to identify trends and opportunities for improvement.9. Post-market SurveillanceOrganizations must have a system in place to monitor and record the performance of their products in the market. This includes establishing procedures for the collection of feedback and complaints from customers, conducting post-market surveillance activities, and implementing corrective action when necessary.10. Training and CompetenceOrganizations must ensure that all personnel involved in the operation of medical devices are competent and adequately trained. This includes providing training on the quality management system, product-specific training, and ongoing professional development opportunities.ConclusionThe Medical Device Quality Management Standard provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and regulations to ensure the safe and effective operation of medical devices. By following these standards, organizations can mitigate risks, improve product quality, and ultimately protect the health and well-being of patients.。
燃气外管线施工流程
燃气外管线施工流程Constructing a natural gas pipeline involves a series of intricate processes to ensure the safety and efficiency of the system. 燃气管线施工涉及一系列复杂的流程，以确保系统的安全和效率。
From planning and design to excavation and installation, each step requires careful attention to detail and adherence to strict regulations. 从规划和设计到挖掘和安装，每个步骤都需要仔细的细节和严格遵守的规定。
The first step in the construction process is conducting a thorough survey of the proposed route for the pipeline. 施工过程中的第一步是对管线的预定路线进行彻底的调查。
This involves assessing the terrain, identifying any obstacles or hazards, and obtaining necessary permits and approvals. 这涉及评估地形，确定任何障碍或危险，并获得必要的许可和批准。
Engaging with local authorities and stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the project complies with all regulations and addresses any concerns from the community. 与当地政府和利益相关者进行交流是至关重要的，以确保项目符合所有法规，并解决社区的任何顾虑。
更严格的学术规章制度英文
更严格的学术规章制度英文IntroductionResearch institutes play a crucial role in advancing knowledge and driving innovation in various fields. To ensure the quality and integrity of research conducted at these institutions, it is essential to establish and enforce strict academic rules and regulations. These rules are designed to uphold ethical standards, promote scholarly rigor, and maintain the credibility of research outcomes. In this document, we outline a comprehensive set of guidelines for researchers at research institutes to adhere to in their academic pursuits.Section 1: Ethical Conduct1.1 PlagiarismPlagiarism, the unauthorized use of another person's ideas, words, or work without proper acknowledgment, is strictly prohibited. Researchers must appropriately cite all sources of information and give credit to the original authors. Failure to do so will result in disciplinary action, including possible expulsion from the institute.1.2 Fabrication and FalsificationFabrication, the invention or alteration of data, and falsification, the manipulation of research findings, are serious offenses that undermine the integrity of academic research. Researchers must only report data that is accurately collected and analyzed. Any instances of fabrication or falsification will be investigated thoroughly, and individuals found guilty will face severe consequences.1.3 Conflict of InterestResearchers must disclose any conflicts of interest that may compromise the objectivity or integrity of their research. Conflicts of interest can arise from financial relationships, personal connections, or other factors that may impact the research process. Failure to disclose conflicts of interest may lead to sanctions, including retraction of published work.1.4 Human Subjects ResearchResearch involving human subjects must comply with ethical guidelines and regulations established by the institutional review board (IRB). Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants, protect their privacy and confidentiality, and ensure their welfare throughout the study. Any violations of ethical standards in human subjects research will result in severe penalties.Section 2: Research Integrity2.1 Data ManagementResearchers are responsible for managing and maintaining accurate records of their research data. Data should be securely stored, properly labeled, and easily accessible for verification and replication purposes. Researchers must follow best practices for data management to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of their findings.2.2 Authorship and AcknowledgmentAuthorship credit should be based on substantial contributions to the research project, as outlined in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines. All individuals who have made significant contributions to the research should be listed as co-authors, while others who have provided support or assistance should be acknowledged appropriately. Misrepresentation of authorship or acknowledgment will not be tolerated.2.3 Publication EthicsResearchers must adhere to ethical standards in manuscript preparation and publication. This includes avoiding duplicate publication, salami slicing, and other forms of research misconduct that undermine the integrity of the scientific literature. All published research should be original, accurate, and transparent in reporting methods and results.Section 3: Academic Excellence3.1 Research Design and MethodologyResearchers are expected to design and conduct their studies with scholarly rigor and excellence. This includes clearly defining research questions, selecting appropriate methodologies, and analyzing data accurately. Researchers should be transparent in documenting their research process and addressing any limitations or biases that may affect the validity of their findings.3.2 Peer ReviewResearchers should engage in the peer review process with professionalism and integrity. Peer review is essential for ensuring the quality and credibility of research publications. Researchers should be willing to provide constructive feedback to their peers and accept criticism in a spirit of collegiality. Any attempts to manipulate the peer review process will be considered a violation of academic standards.3.3 Collaboration and TeamworkCollaboration among researchers is encouraged to foster interdisciplinary perspectives and drive innovation. Researchers should collaborate with colleagues in a respectful and ethical manner, acknowledging their contributions and sharing credit for shared accomplishments. Research institutes should promote a collaborative culture that values teamwork and collective achievement.ConclusionThese academic rules and regulations are designed to uphold the highest standards of ethical conduct, research integrity, and academic excellence at research institutes. By adhering to these guidelines, researchers can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and innovation in their respective fields while maintaining the credibility and reputation of their institution. Research institutes should provide training, support, and oversight to ensure that researchers understand and comply with these rules, fostering a culture of integrity and scholarship in their academic community.。
国外工程质量制度现状
国外工程质量制度现状1. Standards and regulationsIn most developed countries, engineering projects are governed by strict standards and regulations that ensure the quality and safety of the structures being built. These standards cover various aspects of construction, including materials, design, construction methods, and testing procedures. For example, in the United States, engineering projects are required to comply with the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) standards, which set out the minimum requirements for quality and safety in civil engineering projects.Similarly, in Europe, engineering projects are required to comply with the Eurocodes, which are a set of harmonized European standards that cover various aspects of construction, including structural design, materials, and construction methods. These standards ensure that engineering projects in Europe are built to a high standard of quality and safety.2. Quality control proceduresQuality control procedures are an essential part of ensuring the quality of engineering projects abroad. These procedures cover various aspects of construction, including materials testing, quality assurance, and inspections. In most developed countries, quality control procedures are carried out by qualified engineers and technicians who are trained to ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications.For example, in the United States, construction projects are required to undergo regular inspections by qualified inspectors who check for compliance with the relevant standards and regulations. These inspections cover various aspects of construction, including structural integrity, materials quality, and workmanship. Similarly, in Europe, construction projects are required to undergo regular quality control checks to ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications.3. Quality assurance programsQuality assurance programs are another key aspect of ensuring the quality of engineering projects abroad. These programs are designed to ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications from the design stage to the completion of the project. Quality assurance programs cover various aspects of construction, including materials testing, design reviews, and documentation control.For example, in the United States, construction projects are required to implement a quality assurance program that covers all stages of the construction process, from design to completion. This program includes regular reviews of the design documents, materials testing, and inspections to ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications. Similarly, in Europe, construction projects are required to implement a quality assurance program that covers all aspects of construction, including materials testing, design reviews, and inspections.4. Training and certificationTraining and certification are essential aspects of ensuring the quality of engineering projects abroad. In most developed countries, engineers and technicians involved in construction projects are required to undergo training and certification to ensure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out their work effectively. Engineers and technicians are required to be certified by relevant professional bodies to ensure that they have the necessary qualifications and experience to work on construction projects.For example, in the United States, engineers and technicians involved in construction projects are required to be licensed by the relevant state authorities to ensure that they have the necessary qualifications and experience to work on construction projects. Similarly, in Europe, engineers and technicians involved in construction projects are required to be certified by relevant professional bodies to ensure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out their work effectively.5. Continuous improvementContinuous improvement is a key aspect of ensuring the quality of engineering projects abroad. Construction projects are complex and involve various stakeholders, including contractors, engineers, designers, and clients. To ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications, it is essential to continuously monitor and improve the quality of the construction process.For example, in the United States, construction projects are required to implement a quality management system that includes regular reviews of the construction process to identify areas for improvement. Similarly, in Europe, construction projects are required to implement a quality management system that includes continuous monitoring of the construction process to ensure that the construction meets the required standards and specifications.In conclusion, the current state of quality control systems in engineering projects abroad is characterized by strict standards and regulations, quality control procedures, quality assurance programs, training and certification, and continuous improvement. These aspects are essential to ensuring that engineering projects are built to a high standard of quality and safety. By implementing robust quality control systems, engineering projects abroad can ensure that the structures being built are safe, reliable, and durable.。
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They use initiative and creativity to develop efficient tooling, worker and machine relationships, and workstations on new jobs in advance of production.
The objective of the manufacturing manager is to produce
a quality product, on schedule, at the lowest possible cost, with a minimum of capital investment and a maximum of employee satisfaction.
Methods, standards, and work design offer real challenges. Industries with competent engineers, business administrators, industrial relations personnel, specially trained supervisors, and psychologists all using methods, standards, and work design techniques are certainly better able to meet competition and better equipped to operate profitably. For example,
If the production department is considered the heart of an industrial enterprise, the methods, standards, and work design activity is the heart of the production group.
The production control manager is principally interested in establishing and maintaining production schedules.
The manager of methods, standards, and work design is mostly concerned with combining the lowest possible production cost with maximum employee satisfaction without sacrificing workplace safety.
The focus of the reliability and quality control manager is to maintain engineering specifications and satisfy customers with the product’s quality level and reliability over its expected life.
The maintenance manager is primarily concerned with minimizing facility downtime due to unscheduled breakdowns and repairs.
METHODS, STANDARDS, AND WORK DESIGN
Chapter 1
The fundamental tools that result in increased productivity are: methods, time study standards, and work design.
Since the production area within manufacturing industries utilizes the greatest number of engineers in methods, standards, and work design efforts.
In the production department for example, materials are requested and controlled; the sequence of operations, inspections, and methods is determined; tools are ordered; time values are assigned; work is scheduled, dispatched, and followed up; and customers are kept satisfied with quality products delivered on time.
All aspects of a business or industry - sales, finance, production, engineering, cost, maintenance, and management - provide fertile areas for the application of methods, standards, and work design.