2#地下室支模架方案
语言学练习Exercise2
Chapter 2 5
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks. 11. _____ is the smallest linguistic unit. Phoneme 12. According to _____, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda. the maximal onset principle
Chapter 2 7
Exercises
II. Choose the best answer. 15. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _____ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones D 16. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _____. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula A
Chapter 2 14
Exercises
III. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]. __ 29. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation. T __ 30. [p] is voiced bilabial stop. F
我的揪痧瘾（2020、2）
我的揪痧瘾（2020、2）我的揪痧瘾医⽣在线⽹2008/12/1709:22来源：我叫⼩美，⼩时侯经常看见⼈们揪痧，但从没体验过，是在我⾼中后，有⼀次重感冒，吃药也不见好，晚上妈妈说我给你揪揪痧吧，我没说什么，妈妈就在我脖⼦后边揪开了，刚开始还不是很疼，但随着吧吧的揪痧声，妈妈的⼿劲越来越⼤，我疼的乱叫，妈妈说痧很重，必须得揪透了才⾏，不管我怎么喊叫，妈妈就是不停⼿，⽽且我越动她就越⽤⼒，我只好咬着⽛强忍着，妈妈从脖⼦⼀直连着揪到肩膀，⼜把整个后背都揪了个遍.我以为终于揪完了，可妈妈⼜在我前胸揪了起来，特别疼，我眼泪都出来了，可妈妈就是不⼿软，揪了⼀个多⼩时，只到把我上⾝揪的紫⿊紫⿊的没⼀块好地⽅才罢⼿，揪出我⼀⾝汗，可别说，揪完我就特轻松舒服了.从此以后我⼀感冒发烧的就让妈妈给揪，我还真喜欢上了这种痛并很快乐的感觉.隔⼀段时间不舒服了就让⽼妈给揪揪全⾝.后来结婚了，我很希望⽼公能给我好好揪⼀次，可他不喜欢揪，总也不给我揪，⽽且他不舒服也不让我给他揪.有⼀次我发烧，晚上实在难受的不⾏，让⽼公给揪揪他怎么也不肯，后来看我不⾏就给我在后背刮了刮痧，可我总觉的没有揪痧的过瘾.⽣完孩⼦后我落下了腰疼的⽑病，去诊所拔了⼏次罐后，感觉挺管⽤，⽼公看我腰疼的直不起来也很着急，后来我治我的腰学会了拔罐，经常在我腰疼的时候给我拔罐、⾛罐、按摩、揪痧等，现在⽼公拔罐揪痧的技术很⾼，不光给我整治腰，在我感冒的时候也会给我揪痧、拔罐，现在我⼜可以感受揪痧拔罐了。
在⽼公的经常拔罐按摩下我的腰疼的次数少多了。
在我的影响下⽼公也爱上了揪痧拔罐，在他不舒服的时候，我也会很体贴的为他揪痧拔罐，他也没那么怕疼了。
现在⽼公⼀不舒服就主动让我给他揪痧。
我们两经常是旧痕未去⼜添新伤，但我们都很快乐！⽼公有⼀次在外地感冒了给我打电话说：“⽼婆我越来越离不开你了，你要在我⾝边就可以给我揪痧了，我真的好难受。
”我说：“你以前不是怕疼⽼不让揪吗？现在想起我的好了？你到外边诊所拔拔罐吧！回来我给你揪。
周边地面 2
周边地面——对没有地下室的建筑指底层房间外墙内侧两米范围内的地面。
对有地下室埋墙的建筑，指从室外地面和埋墙的交线算起向下两米内为周边地面。
非周边地面——对没有地下室的房间指底层地面中周边地面以外的部分。
有地下室埋墙的建筑，非周边地面指埋墙和地面面积的和减去从室外地面和埋墙交线算起向下两米的面积。
关于周边地面和非周边地面的几点说明1．周边地面和非周边地面的定义周边地面指距外墙内表面2m以内的地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
位于室外地面以下的外墙（地下室外墙）应从与室外地面相平的墙壁算起，往下2m范围内为周边地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
2．节能标准中对周边地面和非周边地面传热阻的计算《民用建筑节能设计标准》（采暖居住部分）JGJ26-95和《公共建筑节能设计标准》GB50189-2005对周边地面和非周边地面热阻采用了不同的计算方法，应分别对待。
A) 居住建筑：换热阻计算依据来源于《供热工程》（贺平孙刚编著）。
由于室内热量通过地面传到室外的路程长短不同，即热阻值不同，靠近外墙的室内地面，距离室外路程短，热阻值小，传热量大，反之远离外墙的地面热阻值大，传热量小，离外墙8m以远的地面，传热量基本不变。
基于上述情况，在工程上一般采用近似方法计算，把地面沿外墙平行的方向分成四个计算地带（每2m为一个地带，8m以外地面按第四地带考虑），如图1示。
1) 对于贴土非保温地面（组成地面的各层材料导热系数λ都大于1.16W/m?℃），各地带的传热系数和换热阻如下：周边地面传热系数限值为0.52 W / m2·℃地区，考虑到非保温地面第一地带（周边地面）的传热系数为0.47 W / m2·℃，小于限值0.5 2W / m2·℃,可不做保温；非周边地面（第二、三、四地带）不做保温时传热系数最大值为0.23 W / m2·℃,小于限值0.3 W / m2·℃，同样也能满足非周边地面限值的要求。
托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
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Explaining Dinosaur Extinction Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. This focus on explaining dinosaur extinction misses an important point the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was a global event that killed off organisms up and down the food chain.It wiped out many kinds of plankton in the ocean and many marine organisms that lived on the plankton at the base of the food chain.These included a variety of clams and snails,and especially the ammonites,a group of shelled squidlike creatures that dominated the Mesozoic seas and had survived many previous mass extinctions.The K-T event marked the end of the marine reptiles,such as the mosasaurs and the plesiosaurs,which were the largest creatures that had ever lived in the seas and which ruled the seas long before whales evolved.On land,there was also a crisis among the land plants,in addition to the disappearance of dinosaurs.So any event that can explain the destruction of the base of the food chain(plankton in the ocean,plants on land)can better explain what happened to organisms at the top of the food chain,such as the dinosaurs.By contrast,any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon,and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. According to one theory,the Age of Dinosaurs ended suddenly 65 million years ago when a giant rock from space plummeted to Earth.Estimated to be ten to fifteen kilometers in diameter,this bolide(either a comet or an asteroid)was traveling at cosmic speeds of 20-70 kilometers per second,or 45,000-156,000 miles per hour.Sucha huge mass traveling at such tremendous speeds carries an enormous amount of energy.When the bolide struck this energy was released and generated a huge shock wave that leveled everything for thousands of kilometers around the impact and caused most of the landscape to burst into flames.The bolide struck an area of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico known as Chicxulub,excavating a crater 15-20 kilometers deep and at least 170 kilometers in diameter.The impact displaced huge volumes of seawater,causing much flood damage in the Caribbean.Meanwhile,the bolide itself excavated 100 cubic kilometers of rock and debris from the site,which rose to an altitude of 100 kilometers.Most of it fell back immediately,but some of it remained as dust in the atmosphere for months.This material,along with the smoke from the fires,shrouded Earth,creating a form of nuclear winter.According to computerized climate models,global temperatures fell to near the freezing point,photosynthesis halted,and most plants on land and in the sea died.With the bottom of the food chain destroyed,dinosaurs could not survive. paragraph 1 Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. 1.In paragraph 1,why does the author include a discussion of when flowering plants evolved? 【事实信息题】 A.To help explain why some scientists believe that the development of flowering plants led to dinosaur extinction。
新概念2英语听力原文
20. Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything—not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'Y ou must give up fishing!' my friends say.' It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one impor tant thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !21. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.22. My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster.23. I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was com pleted five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.24. entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset.' I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to com plain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world !'25. I arrived in London at last. The railwaystation was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English verycarefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not under stand him. My teacher never spoke Eng- lish like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'Y ou'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them ! Do they speak English ?。
2的书写方法
2的书写方法在日常生活中，我们经常会涉及到数字2的书写。
无论是在学习、工作还是生活中，正确的书写方法都是非常重要的。
下面，我们就来详细了解一下数字2的书写方法。
首先，我们要明确数字2的基本形态。
数字2是阿拉伯数字中的一个，它的基本形态是一个弯曲的弧线，上面有一个小圆圈。
这是我们最常见的数字2的书写形式，也是最标准的书写形式。
在书写时，我们需要注意保持数字2的整体形状，保持圆润、匀称，不要出现歪斜、变形等情况。
其次，我们要注意数字2的书写顺序。
在书写数字2时，一般是从上到下、从左到右的书写顺序。
首先画出数字2的上半部分的曲线，然后再画下半部分的曲线，最后在上半部分的曲线上方画一个小圆圈。
这样的书写顺序可以帮助我们更好地掌握数字2的书写方法，保持数字的整体形状和美观度。
除了基本形态和书写顺序外，我们还需要了解数字2的书写规范。
在正式的文件、文书、报告中，数字2的书写需要符合一定的规范。
一般来说，数字2要与其他数字保持一致的字体、大小和风格，以保持整个文档的统一性和美观度。
在手写时，我们也需要注意字迹工整、规范，避免出现潦草、模糊的情况。
此外，数字2的书写还需要注意与其他数字的区分。
在一些情况下，数字2可能会与字母z混淆，因此在书写时要特别小心，确保数字2的书写清晰可辨，不会引起误解。
总的来说，正确的数字2的书写方法对我们的学习、工作和生活都是非常重要的。
通过掌握数字2的基本形态、书写顺序和书写规范，我们能够更好地书写出整洁、规范的数字2，提高书写质量，避免出现错误和混淆。
希望大家能够重视数字2的书写方法，不断提升自己的书写水平，为自己的学习和工作增添亮点。
二进制的借位规则
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二进制的借位规则
一、二进制借位规则是啥呢？
咱都知道二进制就只有0和1这两个数字。
在做减法的时候，借位规则可有趣啦。
当0减去1的时候，就像一个小穷光蛋要给别人1个东西一样，它自己没有呀，那咋办呢？这时候就得向高位借位啦。
一借呢，这个0就变成了2（在二进制的概念里哦），然后2 - 1就等于1啦。
再比如说，像10 - 1这样的情况。
个位上0减1不够减，就向十位借1，借过来之后个位就变成了2，2 - 1 = 1，十位上原本是1，借出去1个就变成0啦，所以结果就是1。
反正呀，二进制的借位规则就是低位不够减就向高位借，借来之后就可以愉快地做减法啦。
哈哈。
第 1 页共 1 页。
外研社新课标高中英语必修2课文
外研社新课标必修二课文Module 1 Zhou KaiWhen Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.“Zhou Kai, where are you going?” she asked.“To the park. I’m gong to play football,” said Zhou Kai.“But it’s raining! Y ou’ll catch a bad cold,” said his mother.“No, I won’t. I’ll be fine,” said Zhou Kai, as he opened the door.“Zhou Kai, you’ll get ill. Y ou know you will. Y ou can at least go and get your jacket.”“OK, OK” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.Zhou Kai (2)My mother has always made sure we eat very healthily, and fresh fruit and vegetables are a very important part of our diet. We live near the sea and we have fish about four times a week. We don’t eat much fat or sugar. A lot of my school f riends eat sweets every day but I’m lucky because I don’t have a sweet tooth ----I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit. And I’m not too heavy, so I never have to diet, or anything like that.I’m quite healthy. I very rarely get colds, although, unusually for me, I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week. But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain. I don’t often get things like flu either. Last winter almost all my class mates got flu ----but I didn’t.I think I don’t get these things because I take a lot of exercise and am very fit. Two years ago I broke my arm playing football. The injury was quite painful and I couldn’t move my arm for month----I hated that.So as you can see from what I’ve said, I’m a normal kind of perso n.But there’s one thing I really love ----I’m crazy about football.I’m captain of the class team at school and I’m also a member of the Senior High team.Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as I’ve said, this isn’t a problem becaus e my mother feeds us so well.CULTURAL CORNERThe health care system of a country is very important and different countries have different ways of paying for it. Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paid for by the government. Health care is free for everyone living in Britain. Most doctors and nurses work for the government and most hospitals are owned by the government. Until recently this system was very successful but recently there have been problems. This is because the government9has not put enough money into the health service. As a result, more people are using private health insurance. They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through the health insurance company.In America the system is very different. Most people have private health insurance. Doctors work for themselves and hospitals are privately owned. The health insurance company pays the doctors and the hospitals. The problem with this system is that poorer people don’t have to pay for private health insurance. As a result, they often have both health and money problems.Canada has a different system again. Health care is free. Doctors work privately and hospitals are privately owned. When you become ill, medical fees are paid for by the government.Module 2Article 1 No DrugsMy name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict. I first started using drugs when I was 15. I bought cannabis from a man in the street. I continued to buy cannabis from the same man for about six months. One day, he offered me some crack cocaine.Article 2Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. Some drug users inject cocaine, others smoke it. Both ways are dangerous. Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.Crack cocaine is the most addictive form of cocaine. Users become addicted to crack cocaine much more easily if they smoke it. Smoking allows cocaine to reach the brain very quickly.When I went back to the man again, I wanted more crack cocaine. But he asked me for a lot of money. I didn't have enough money so he didn't give me any drugs. I was in terrible pain.The next day, I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder. I took them to the drug dealer. He told me to take them to a shop in a nearby street. The man in the shop gave me some money. I took the money to the drug dealer and he gave me some more crack cocaine.Using cocaine increases the user's heart rate and blood pressure.As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks. Smoking crack cocaine also causes anti-social behaviour.By this time, I was addicted to crack cocaine. If I didn't have any drugs, I was in terrible pain. And I had to steal something every day to pay for the drugs.One day, the police took me to the police station.The next day, a doctor came to see me. He told me that I could die if I didn't stop taking crack cocaine, so I took his advice and stopped immediately.Now I work in a centre for drug addicts, helping others to stop taking drugs.10CULTURAL CORNERStop Smoking Now—W e Can Help!In almost every US city and town, there are local organisations to help people stop smoking. Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking) and they try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking.One of the most popular and successful is the California Smokers' Helpline. Here is an extract from one of their leaflets.When you really want a cigarette—try the four Ds:1Delay: Look at your watch and wait for a couple of minutes. If you can wait two minutes, you won't want to smoke.2Distraction: Whatever you're doing when you want to smoke—do something else! For example, if you're alone, find someone to talk to. If you're sitting down, take a short walk.3 Drink water: If you drink water, you reduce the need to have something in your mouth.4Deep breathing: Breathe in slowly and deeply. Count to five when your lungs are full. Then breathe out slowly. Repeat several times.And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking:1Make a plan: Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. Don't see those people and don't go to those places!2Set a date when you're going to stop: Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking.3Keep busy: Instead of smoking, make a phone call, take a short walk, talk with a friend.4Develop new interests: Exercise—walking, hiking, jogging, swimming, or taking a gymnastic class—helps you to forget about cigarettes.Module 3 MusicJoseph Haydn (1732--1809) was an Austrian composer and is known as "the father of the symphony". Other composers had written symphonies before Haydn, but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orchestra.He was born in a village in Austria, the son of a peasant. He had a beautiful singing voice. After studying music in V ienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music.Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.11Mozart (1756--1791) was a composer, possibly the greatest musical genius of all time. He only lived 35 years and he composed more than 600 pieces of music.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria. His father Leopold was a musician and orchestra conductor. Wolfgang had musical talent from a very early age. He learned to play the harpsichord when he was four, he started composing music when he was five, and when he was six, he played the harpsichord in a concert for the Empress of Austria.By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.While he was still a teenager, Mozart was already a big star and toured Europe giving concerts.Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him."He is the greatest composer the world has known," he said. The two were friends until Mozart's death in 1791.Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) was born in Bonn, Germany. He showed musical talent when he was very young, and learned to play the violin and piano from his father, who was a singer. Mozart met Beethoven and was impressed by him. "He will give something wonderful to the world," he said.Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but was not impressed by the older man. After they had known each other for many years, Beethoven said, "He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing." However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.Beethoven became very popular in the Austrian capital and stayed there for the rest of his life. As he grew older, he began to go deaf. He became completely deaf during the last years of his life, but he continued composing.CULTURAL CORNERY e XiaogangY e Xiaogang, who was born in 1955,is one of a group of Chinese composers known as the New Tide. He writes symphonies and pieces for smaller groups of musicians. He also writes film music. He showed musical ability at an early age and began studying piano when he was four years old.From 1978 till 1983, he studied at the Central Conservatory of Music of China. After graduation, he worked there as a lecturer.In 1985, there was a concert of Y e Xiaogang's symphonies in Beijing. From that time, he has been one of the leading modern composers of Chinese classical music. In 1986, his album Horizon appeared and his music was played at the First Contemporary Chinese Composers' Festival in Hong Kong. He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions with western forms and instrumentation.Y e is a member of the Beijing music group Eclipse. Eclipse is perhaps the first independent12music group in China which plays works by modern Chinese composers. In November 1996, the group played with Italian musician Enrico Rava at the Beijing International Jazz Festival.Y e Xiaogang has received many prizes, in China and in other countries. Since 1993, he has worked part of the time in Beijing and part of the time in the US. He's a professor of music at the Central Conservatory of Music of China, and composes pieces for the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.MODULE 4 Fine Arts-W estern Chinese and Pop Arts A．This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century. Picasso and another painter, George Braque, started Cubism, one of the most important of all modern art movements.Cubist artists painted objects and people, with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time.This painting by contemporary American artist Roy Lichtenstein (1923 -1997) is a world famous example of pop art.Pop art (from the word "popular") was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life. For example, it shows things such as soup cans and advertisements.Qi Baishi (1863-1957), one of the China's greatest painters, followed the traditional Chinese style of painting. Chinese painting is known for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours. Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully, and his paintings are special because of this.Xu Beihong (1895-1953) was one of China's best-known twentieth-century artists.Like Qi Baishi, Xu painted in the traditional Chinese style.Both painters have a beautiful brush line.Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality, but not just imitate it. Instead, a picture should try to show the "life" of its subject. He is most famous for his lively paintings of horses..I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time. I'm crazy about the paintings of Qi Baishi, and this delightful picture of the little shrimps is such a lovely example of his work. But I can't stand that picture of a golden-haired girl. I think it's stupid.My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so I've developed an interest in art. I must say, I love that picture of the six horses. They look so alive. It's by a Chinese artist, isn't it? I can tell by the style. I think the painting of the young girl is probably by Picasso. I really like him. I think he's an extraordinary artist.13CULTURAL CORNERPeople generally agree that Pablo Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-century's greatest western artist. He was born in Spain and at the age of ten was already an excellent artist. He had his first exhibition at the age of 16. Picasso studied art in Spain, but moved to France, in his early twenties. From 1902 to 1904 he painted a series of pictures where the main colour was blue. These pictures showed poor, unhappy people and are known as Picasso's "blue period". From 1904 to 1906 Picasso painted much happier pictures in the colour pink. This period was known as Picasso's "pink period".With another Spanish artist called George Braque, Picasso then started an important new artistic movement called Cubism. Picasso's first Cubist paintings were all painted in brown and grey. People agree that Picasso's greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, which was painted in Madrid in 1937. Guernica is the name of a town that was destroyed during the 1930s war in Spain. In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town.MODULE 5 Newspapers and MagazinesChinese Taikonaut Back on Earth!China's first taikonaut Lieutenant Colonel Y ang Liwei landed safely this morning in the Shenzhou V capsule in Inner Mongolia, 300 kilometres northwest of Beijing. Y ang was in space for twenty-one and a half hours and made 14 orbits of the earth."It is a great moment in the history of China—and also the greatest day of my life," said Y ang. When he was orbiting in the capsule, he took photographs of planet earth."Our planet is so beautiful," he said.The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a "complete success". When Y ang landed, Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the Control Centre to offer his congratulations.When Y ang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am yesterday, China became the third nation to send a man into space.Y ang is the 438th person to travel in space, including astronauts from 32 countries. In total, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space.While he was travelling in space, Y ang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station, which is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Y uri Malenchenko.Lu, whose parents were born in China, spoke to Y ang in Chinese during his flight. "Welcome to space," he said. Malenchenko said, "I am glad there is somebody else in space with us. It's great work by thousands and thousands of people from China."Many countries around the world sent messages of congratulations. Sean O'Keefe from NASA14(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in the US said that Y ang's space flight was "an important historical achievement and NASA wishes China continuing success with its space flight programme". United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan called the flight "a step forward for the whole world".CULTURAL CORNERDaily Newspapers in Britain and the United StatesNewspapers in Britain can be divided into the quality press (more serious newspapers) and the popular press. Quality newspapers have home and international news, and sports and cultural events. They also carry financial reports, travel news and book and film reviews.Popular newspapers are also known as tabloids. They have large headlines, a lot of big photographs and concentrate on news and events about famous people, and news about the British royal family.The Times is the most famous of the quality newspapers. It began in 1785. It is read by important people such as politicians, lawyers and businessmen. The Sun, founded in 1964, is the most successful of the popular newspapers. Around four million people read it every day and it sells more than any other daily newspaper.In the United States, newspapers usually have the name of the city where they are produced (for example, The New York Times ). Y ou can buy the bigger ones all over the country. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, such as The New York Daily News, which are similar to British tabloids.MODULE 6 Films and TV ProgrammesFilm Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden DragonMartial arts films are often enjoyable but they are seldom great art. Now, to everyone's surprise, Ang Lee, director of a number of excellent films, has made a martial arts film called Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The result is a masterpiece.The film belongs to a type of Chinese story called wuxia.These stories tell of nineteenth-century martial arts masters with unusual abilities. Wuxia films are popular in China, and they are now popular in the west too.The story takes place in the early 1800s in China.A man and a woman, Li Mubai (played by Chow Y un-Fat) and Y u Xiulian (played by Michelle Yeoh), both masters of the martial arts, are in15love with each other. But Xiulian had a fiancé who has died. Because this fiancé was a good friend of Mubai, Mubai feels that he cannot marry Xiulian. When someone steals Xiulian's sword, Mubai and Xiulian try to get it back. The action takes place on Peking rooftops, and in places as far away as the deserts of western China. As in the old wuxia stories, characters leap through the air every now and then, with beautiful, graceful movements, while audiences shout in surprise.Unusually, it is the female characters that interest us most. Brave, good and strong, Xiulian is the character we care about most.Beautiful Zhang Ziyi plays the part of Y u Jiaolong, a young woman who is not as good as she seems. The fight scenes between Jiaolong and Xiulian are some of the most exciting moments in modern cinema. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Y un-Fat, who is as good with a sword as he is with a gun.His romantic scenes with Y u Xiulian are very moving, as their eyes show all the love that they must not express in words.Film like this rarely reach the cinema.Go and see Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.It will make your heart leap with excitement at its beauty.CULTURAL CORNERSteven Spielberg—Film DirectorAsk a young person in the street who the greatest American film director is, and you may get the answer Steven Spielberg. He has certainly made more successful films than any other director in the west.Spielberg was born in the state of Ohio, America, in 1946. He showed that he had unusual abilities when he was very young, completing his first 15-minute home movie at the age of 13. When he was 16 he made a 135-minute home movie called Firelight. This was shown at a local cinema and made $100.At the age of 24, Spielberg made a 26-minute film called Amblin. A Hollywood film studio liked it and employed Spielberg to make a full-length film. This film, Sugarland Express, made in 1974, had some success. Spielberg's next film was Jaws, a film about a shark that ate people. This was one of the most successful films of all time. Other wonderful films followed: E.T.—The Extra Terrestrial (1982), The Indiana Jones Trilogy, Jurassic Park(a film about dinosaurs), and Schindler's List. For this last film Spielberg won an Oscar, Hollywood's highest prize.For many years, Spielberg could not make a mistake. However, in the last fifteen years, some of his films have been less successful. But it is generally agreed, that he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the word "entertainment".16。
国开(中央电大)专科《人文英语2》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案
国开(中央电大)专科《人文英语2》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案国开(中央电大)专科《人文英语2》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案说明：课程代码：04014；适用专业及层次：法学、广告、汉语言文学、教育管理、社会工作、小学教育和学前教育专科；考试平台：http：//。
单元自测1试题及答案题目为随机，用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目[题目]_____dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road![答案]How[题目]_____pity you missed the lecture again![答案]What a[题目]-.What do you think about my hometown？-_____________________.[答案]The greatest part about the town,in my opinion,is the beautiful lake and mountain.[题目]-What about mailing itin the fastest way？-_____________________.[答案]By air mail[题目]-Wouldyou like me to help you to make a plan today for the summer vacation？-_____________________.[答案]It is nice of you to say so,but I＇m busy tonight.[题目]-Wow!This is a marvelous room!You must spend a lot of timeand energy in it.-_____________________.[答案]Thanks you.It really cost me that much.[题目]–How far is the Great Bay from your house？-_____________________.[答案]The Great Bay is five minutes away from my house and it＇s fantastic.[题目]A double room with a balcony overlooking the seahad been_____for him.[答案]reserved[题目]At a time of this economic crisis, our_____should be very clear about what we need to do.[答案]priority[题目]Criminals are given the_____of going to jail or facing public humiliation. [答案]option[题目]If there is any change about the time of the meeting,please notify us_____.[答案]in advance[题目]The Chinese Red Crosscontributed a_____sum to the relief of the physically disabled.[答案]general[题目]There_____two hundred dollars to pay.[答案]is[题目]There must be something wrong with my computer,_____there？[答案]isn＇t二、英译汉：为句子选择正确的翻译。
红警2解放台湾攻略[教材]
![红警2解放台湾攻略[教材]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/dcbe810c6ad97f192279168884868762caaebb9e.png)
第一关：攻打台湾海峡首先应该发展一下，要多造电厂，因为旁边的盟军建筑耗掉不少电，所以工程师只先占雷达和电厂。
派一辆天启到旁边的高科技基地把藏在那里的幻影坦克给灭掉，同时派工程师进入，这样多了一个防空武器。
多造一些防空，排在基地前。
最好用防空步兵，效果好，别忘了多用X键。
逐步占领盟军的建筑，造一些多功能步兵车防空，出核弹，造光棱坦克若干，造一到两个蜘蛛，让蜘蛛延屏幕左侧向下探出桥，注意，那里有守兵，探路时按Alt。
蜘蛛就别要了，不过技术好的话整他一辆车也算立功。
在稳固基地防守后，用天启光棱各两辆去摆平那些守军，占领桥头，小心敌军蜘蛛，然后炸桥，最好用伊文。
接下来就多防空，用修理车修理坦克们，省钱。
资源有限，造几个TANYA下水，把附近的海面清空。
买造船厂，TANYA 保护，用几个飞行兵由基地直向右探出全屏，消灭蜘蛛与附近的幻影，用夜鹰载一工程师到岛上，占领全屏后，深吸一口气：乖乖，恐怖呀！跟当年看见正版盟军最后一关一样"蓝色"屏幕。
多造TANYA，在水上建立防空群，第一次用核弹炸掉心灵信标。
注意后方的敌军，放两个天启吧！下面进入进攻时期，没别的，屯兵打他，建议可以用无畏级吸引敌方防空，基洛夫去炸电厂，最好炸基地，用天启加光棱加防空履带车加TANYA进攻，桥后方的防御武器会重复造很多次（基地在的话）用来升级吧，不过确定敌方没电了，不然惨了，反被血洗。
如果钱多的话可以用自制自爆车炸，爽！！什么？你不会造拜托，伊文加多功能步兵车！剩下的是练你本事的，不多言，提醒一句：多配合空军，小心尤里。
第二关：台北之战逮凌凌漆？不会是星爷吧！^_^任务包的简单攻略中提到的，用汽车探地图，俘虏天启和狙击不用说。
小心建筑旁的幻影，尤里要把握好。
用间谍断电后用天启消灭守军，炸开体育场一角。
占领机场获得伞兵，用尤里控制校车，装进小兵，别忘了给小兵编号，搞定凌凌漆。
这里对微操作水平有一定要求。
任务一完成。
下面的任务就是防守反击，没什么技巧，我间谍用的不好，所以停电攻击电力中心我没用，占了西北角的基地，（用天启，光棱会把基地给炸了），可以无限钱，所以，多造点防空兵防守，然后我用了几万块钱的基洛夫把他电力中心洗了，奢侈。
三全中,三中二,二中二,计算公式
号码复式三中三,三中二计算方法:n(n-1)---------=二中二的组数,如10个号是（10×9÷2）＝45组!2n(n-1)(n-2)---------------- =三中二（或三中三）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8÷6）＝120组!3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)----------------------- =四中四（或四中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7÷24）＝210组!4* 3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)---------------------------- =五中五（或五中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7×6÷120）＝252组!5* 4* 3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)(n-5)--------------------------------- =六中六（或六中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7×6×5÷720）＝210组! 6* 5* 4* 3* 2 * 1复式连（三中三）（三中二）赔率表:===============================================组合个数‖ 组数‖ 中二个‖ 中三个‖ 中四个‖ 中五个 ‖ 中六个 ‖===============================================4 ‖ 4 ‖ 2组 ‖ 3组＋1 ‖ 0组＋4 ‖===============================================5 ‖ 10 ‖ 3组 ‖ 6组＋1 ‖ 6组＋4 ‖ 0组＋10‖===============================================6 ‖ 20 ‖ 4组 ‖ 9组＋1 ‖ 12组＋4‖ 10组＋10 ‖ 0组＋20‖===============================================7 ‖ 35 ‖ 5组 ‖ 12组＋1‖ 18组＋4‖ 20组＋10‖ 15组＋20‖===============================================8 ‖ 56 ‖ 6组 ‖ 15组＋1‖ 24组＋4‖ 30组＋10‖ 30组＋20‖===============================================9 ‖ 84 ‖ 7组 ‖ 18组＋1‖ 30组＋4‖ 40组＋10‖ 45组＋20‖===============================================10 ‖ 120 ‖ 8组 ‖ 21组＋1‖ 36组＋4‖ 50组＋10‖ 60组＋20‖===============================================11 ‖ 165 ‖ 9组 ‖ 24组＋1 ‖ 42组＋4‖ 60组＋10‖ 75组＋20‖===============================================12 ‖ 220 ‖ 10组 ‖ 27组＋1‖ 48组＋4‖ 70组＋10‖ 90组＋20‖===============================================13 ‖ 286 ‖ 11组 ‖ 30组＋1‖ 54组＋4‖ 80组＋10‖ 105组＋20‖===============================================14 ‖ 364 ‖ 12组 ‖ 33组＋1‖ 60组＋4‖ 90组＋10‖ 120组＋20‖===============================================15 ‖ 455 ‖ 13组 ‖ 36组＋1‖ 66组＋4‖ 100组＋10‖ 135组＋20‖===============================================组合个数‖ 组数‖ 中二个‖ 中三个‖ 中四个‖ 中五个 ‖ 中六个 ‖===============================================2中2复式计算公式2个码=2*1/2=1组2中2复式计算公式3个码=3*2/2=3组3中3复式计算公式3个码=3*2*1/6=1组3中3复式计算公式4个码=4*3*2/6=4组4中4复式计算公式4个码=4*3*2*1/24=1组4中4复式计算公式5个码=5*4*3*2/24=5组5中5复式计算公式5个码=5*4*3*2*1/120=1组5中5复式计算公式6个码=6*5*4*3*2/120=6组6中6复式计算公式6个码=6*5*4*3*2*1/720=1组6中6复式计算公式7个码=7*6*5*4*3*2/720=7组7中7复式计算公式7个码=7*6*5*4*3*2*1/5040=1组7中7复式计算公式8个码=8*7*6*5*4*3*2/5040=8组注：其实很简单，所有的复式都有公式可算的，全有关连，细看一定能看出的。
幼儿园数字2的正确写法
《幼儿园数字 2 的正确写法》
小朋友们，今天咱们一起来学习数字 2 怎么写哟！
数字 2 呀，就像一只小鸭子在水里游呀游。
咱们先准备好小铅笔和小本子。
那怎么写呢？
先从上半部分开始，画一个小弯弯，就像小鸭子的头。
这个弯弯要圆滑一些，可不能有尖尖的角哦。
比如说，咱们可以想象成小鸭子在开心地抬头看天空。
然后呀，再接着画一个大大的弯弯，要连到上面的小弯弯，这就像小鸭子的身体啦。
这个大弯弯要写得大大的、长长的，就像小鸭子在水里舒展开身体游泳。
咱们来看看小明同学写的数字2，他一开始写的小弯弯太小啦，看起来就不像小鸭子的头，倒像是个小豆豆。
后来呀，小明认真观察老师写的，多练习了几次，终于写得像一只漂亮的小鸭子在游泳啦！
还有小花同学，她写数字 2 的时候，两个弯弯没有连在一起，看起来就像断了的小竹子，可不是好看的数字 2 哟。
小朋友们写数字 2 的时候，要慢慢地写，一笔一划，不要着急。
可以先在本子上多画几个小弯弯，找找感觉。
老师再给你们讲个小故事。
有一天，数字 1 和数字 2 一起去参加比赛，数字1 站得直直的，很快就累了。
数字 2 呢，舒舒服服地弯着腰，轻松又快乐。
所以呀，咱们写数字 2 的时候，也要让它舒舒服服地弯着。
大家多练习几次，相信每个小朋友都能写出漂亮的数字2！
写好了之后，可以拿给爸爸妈妈看，他们一定会夸奖你们的。
小朋友们，加油哟，咱们都能把数字 2 写得棒棒的！
好啦，关于数字 2 的正确写法就讲到这里，小朋友们快去练习吧！。
2是什么意思
2是什么意思
2是一个网络用语，通常有多种理解意思，可以理解为“爱”，理解为“笨”、“傻”的意思，也可以形容一个人很活泼开朗、幽默并且个性，还可以用来形容人呆住、无语。
众所周知，在网络中，2通常有多种理解意思，一种理解为“爱”，如数字串“520”=我爱你，数字串“5201314”=我爱你一生一世，数字串“258”=爱我吧，数字串“7758258”=亲亲我吧爱我吧，数字串“52410”=我爱死你了。
其他一种理解为“笨”、“傻”的意思。
例如250，2货。
这种意思的2来源于"62"，近似于杭州方言“盒子”，用来形容人脑袋空空比较笨。
另一种意思就是形容一个人很活泼开朗，很幽默并且个性，比如说：“很2很光芒”。
还有一种用来形容人呆住、无语的意思，如：看到这个成绩我瞬间就2了。
同时，在北京方言里，2也表示一种傻，脑子不灵活的意思。
新概念英语第四册课文及翻译：Lesson2
⽆忧考新概念频道为⼤家整理的新概念英语第四册课⽂及翻译：Lesson2，供⼤家参考。
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【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects? Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 insect n. 昆⾍ devour v. 吞⾷ flock n. ⽺群 herd n. 牧群 beast n. 野兽 fraction n. ⼩部分 census n. 统计数字 acre n. 英亩 content adj. 满⾜的 【课⽂注释】 1. you may wonder 是这个疑问句的插⼊语。
汉字二的正确写法
汉字二的正确写法汉字是中国人民的文字和文化传承的重要组成部分。
其中，汉字二作为一个常见的汉字，其正确的写法具有重要意义。
本文将探讨汉字"二"的正确写法，并提供一些书写规范和技巧。
一、笔画顺序汉字二是一个非常简单的汉字，只包含一笔，其笔画顺序非常重要。
正确的笔画顺序可以帮助书写者提高书写速度和书写准确度。
在书写汉字二时，我们应该先写横折笔画，再写竖直笔画。
二、横折笔画横折笔画是汉字二的主要组成部分。
横折笔画应该从左上角开始，向右下方倾斜，形成一个较长的横线。
横线的长度可以根据个人喜好和书写空间的限制来调整，但是要保持横线的平直和统一。
三、竖直笔画竖直笔画是汉字二的另一个组成部分。
竖直笔画应该从横折笔画的右下方开始，向下方延伸，长度与横折笔画保持一致或稍长一些。
竖直笔画要直立且与横线相交。
四、书写规范除了正确的笔画顺序外，书写汉字二还应该遵循一些书写规范，以保证字形的美观和整齐。
以下是一些常见的书写规范：1. 字形比例：汉字二的字形应该保持适当的比例，横线和竖线的长度应该相对平衡，不宜过长或过短。
2. 笔画粗细：汉字二在书写时，横线和竖线的笔画宽度应该保持相对一致，不要出现明显的粗细不均。
3. 书写速度：书写汉字二时应尽量提高书写速度，以便提高书写效率和准确度。
可以通过反复练习和多次书写来提高书写速度。
五、书写技巧除了正确的笔画顺序和书写规范外，我们还可以采用一些书写技巧来提高汉字二的书写质量。
1. 练习常用字：汉字二作为一个常见字，我们可以通过多次书写和模仿来提高书写的技巧和速度。
2. 视频教学：现在网络上有许多提供汉字书写视频教学的资源，通过观看这些视频，我们可以学习到正确的字形和书写方法。
3. 使用规范字帖：规范字帖是一种专门用来练习书写汉字的工具。
使用规范字帖可以帮助我们掌握正确的字形和书写技巧。
六、总结正确书写汉字二是每个中国人都应该掌握的基本技能之一。
通过遵循正确的笔画顺序、书写规范和使用书写技巧，我们可以提高汉字二的书写质量和美观度。
高英 2 资料
6.Para 17: I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.
--I have always had an intense and eager interest in dictionaries..
2.That’s only for show.
That’s only for pretense. The Jews only pretend to work as a poor laborer. He is in reality very rich.
3.Par. 20: though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say that I had seen them.
5. 他关于医疗改革的提议引起了议会的注意。Sit up
His proposal on medical reform made the parliament
sit up .
6, 他所说的不无道理。Something
Money is something, but it is not everything
4、民众要求他辞职的呼声越来越高。（clamor）
The clamor for her resignation grew louder.
5、山里有盗贼出没。
The mountains are infested with robbers.
1. In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act.
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第一章总则第一节编制依据1、本工程的全套的设计施工图纸。
2、编制的施工组织设计。
3、有关模板、支撑设计、安装、验收的规程及规范。
4、公司的质量管理手册、程序文件、施工工艺标准及有关制度、标准。
5、浙江省、宁波市有关质量、安全等规定及文件精神。
第二节工程概况本标段工程位于宁波市江东区通途路以南，规划路以西，沧海路以东，民安路以北。
总建筑面积约6.9万平方米(含地下室约1.97万平方米)。
建筑施工总工期为460日历天。
基本建筑情况如下：本方案只针对地下一层支模架情况。
本工程有以下单位参与：第三节施工特点本工程地下一层结构形式是框架剪力墙结构，根据图纸查的结构断面尺寸如下：以上情况代表大部分，本方案按以上情况进行设计验算，个别较大梁柱进行加固处理，具体见下面说明。
第二章施工准备第一节材料选择本工程模板采用I类1.8cm厚的九夹板，大、小楞木采用50mm×80mm 断面的方木，板底楞木采用50mm×80mm断面的方木，材质等级为Ia级。
支撑采用Ø48×3.5mm钢管，钢管无凹凸状、无疵点、裂纹和变形，有严重锈蚀、弯曲压扁或裂缝的不得使用，扣件质量符合《钢管脚手架扣件》(GB/T15831-95)要求，钢管扣件抽检送检测，合格后方可使用。
第二节支撑体系选择一、剪力墙模板支撑剪力墙模板采用九夹板立模，内竖楞采用50mm×80mm方木间距200mm，外横楞2×Ø48×3.5钢管间距600mm布置和对拉螺栓杆加伞形夹固定，对拉止水螺杆采用Ø12mm圆钢，布置间距纵横600mm，并设置斜撑和内侧满堂架连接固定。
具体见详图。
二、柱模板支撑柱模板用九夹板配置四块定型木模板，竖楞采用50mm×80mm方木与九夹板固定，柱箍Ø48×3.5间距500，首道离地面200mm，四角钢管交接处用扣件固定夹紧到四角无缝，并设置水平拉杆及剪刀撑、斜撑。
对于宽度超过500 mm的柱子在中间设置一道对拉螺栓杆加伞形夹。
安装柱模时，应在楼面上弹出纵横轴线和柱周边线，然后在柱周边线上植7cm～8cm钢筋用来固定模板，每边植2根，露出楼面5cm左右，对准边线安装模板，柱子模板在支模加固后还需要垂直锤线吊直并加以固定牢固。
具体见详图。
三、梁模板支撑和楼板模板支撑1、梁模板支撑梁底模采用九夹板加方木配置，侧板也为九夹板，楞木均采用50mm ×80mm方木。
梁支模时在搭钢管排架之前，根据梁的结构位置和方向、标高安装好梁底模板，水平钢管根据梁的截面大小来确定，由前面查的截面尺寸可知，一般梁底都统一搭设间距500mm，对于截面较大、跨度大的梁采用双立杆，间距适当减小，以避免砼压力使底部模板弯曲变形，梁地板安放在水平横向钢管上，并加以固定，位置准确后再支梁侧模，在梁侧模板用Ø48×3.5的钢管竖向紧贴梁侧模，竖向钢管的根部与水平钢管交接处用扣件进行连接夹住底模与侧模使其夹缝密实。
对于梁高度>600mm的梁增设一道Ø12对拉螺杆，对于梁高度>900mm 的梁增设二道Ø12对拉螺杆，对于梁高度>1200mm的梁增设三道Ø12对拉螺杆；对于部分大梁（如400(450)×800(1100)mm、300×1250mm梁）,应在梁底中间位置增加一根立杆, 450×1400mm梁底中间位置增加二根立杆，用作支撑而减少小横杆弯矩变形。
当梁跨度大于4m时，梁底模应起拱，起拱高度控制在梁跨度的1/1000～3/1000。
鉴于目前钢管、扣件材质因多次反复使用可能存在质量问题，其力学性能也可能存在较大的变化，为保证工程安全进行，因此在梁下支撑时在原有的扣件下再加一扣件顶住，从而增加保险系数，而且钢管、扣件都必须抽样检测，合格后方可使用。
2、楼板模板支撑顶板底模采用九夹板，方木主龙骨采用50mm×80mm方木间距600mm 沿板底均匀排列，方木搁置在钢管横楞上，方木在水平管的端部伸出间距的1/3以上，钢管横楞用扣件固定在钢管立杆上，立杆间距纵横均为800mm，立杆间距垫在50cm厚的木块上，在梁板支模系统中设置水平纵横拉杆及扫地杆，剪刀撑、斜撑，按规定设置。
层高大于4.15m的，要增设一道水平连接钢管。
具体见详图。
第三章支模架设计计算一、剪力墙模板计算(以300mm厚、4.15m高为例)1、荷载计算a、新浇混凝土对模板产生的侧压力F1=0.22r c t0β1β2v1/2 F2=Hr c取两者较小值得：F1=0.22r c t0β1β2v1/2=0.22×24×5×1.2×1.15×41/2=72.86KN/m²² F2=Hr c=4.15×24=99.6KN/m²> F1 ∴ F2> F1所以取F= F1=72.86KN/m²²b、倾倒混凝土时对垂直面模板产生的水平荷载混凝土采用汽车泵运输，取倾倒混凝土对模板产生的水平荷载为2 KN/m²。
c、进行荷载组合，得到模板承受的水平荷载设计值为：q=(1.2×72.86+1.4×2)×0.9=81.2 KN/m²²2、模板及内竖楞的设计验算a、内竖楞(次龙骨)验算内竖楞选用50mm×80mm的方木，间距200mm，按受力方向垂直木纹方向，其截面性能为：E=10000N/mm²² I=214cm4 W=53cm3 f m=13N/mm²²b、内竖楞的强度验算内竖楞按三跨连续梁计算内竖楞承受的荷载为：q=81.2×0.6=48.72 KN/m计算简图如下：得内竖楞截面最大弯矩为：Mmax=-0.1ql²=-0.1×48.72×0.2²=-0.195KN〃mσ=M/W=0.195×106/53×103=3.68 N/mm2<f m=13N/mm2内竖楞的强度满足要求。
c、内竖楞的刚度验算q=72.86×0.6=43.72KN/m得最大挠度为：w=0.677×ql4/100EI=0.677×43.72×2004/100×10000×214×104=0.022mm<[w]=l/250=200/250=0.8mm内竖楞的刚度满足要求。
3、外横楞的验算a、外横楞选用2×Ø48×3.5的钢管间距600mm，双根布置，穿墙螺杆间距取600mm，外横楞按三跨连续梁计算，其截面性能为：E=2.06×105N/mm²²I= 2×12.19×104cm4W=2×5.08×103cm3 f m=205 N/mm2²得：p=48.72×0.2=9.744 KN计算简图如下：得外横楞截面最大弯矩为：Mmax=-0.267pl=-0.267×9.744×0.6=-1.56KN〃mσ=M/W=1.56×106/2×5.08×103=153.5N/mm2<f m=205N/mm2²外横楞的强度满足要求。
b、外横楞的刚度验算p=43.72×0.2=8.74KN得最大挠度为：w=1.883×pl3/100EI=1.883×8.74×0.63×1012/100×2.06×105×2×12.19×104=0.71mm<[w]=l/250=600/250=2.4mm外横楞的刚度满足要求。
4、穿墙螺杆验算每根穿墙螺杆承受的模板侧压力面积单元如图：得每根穿墙螺杆承受的拉力为：T=qs=72.86×0.6×0.6=26.23KN选用Ø12穿墙螺杆，查表得净面积A=113.1mm²²σ=T/A=26.23×103/113.1×3=231.9N/mm²<f m=335N/mm²²穿墙螺杆的承载力满足要求。
二、柱模板计算(以600mm×600mm、4.15m高为例)柱箍采用Ø48×3.5的钢管，间距500mm1、新浇混凝土对模板产生的侧压力F1=0.22r c t0β1β2v1/2 F2=Hr c取两者较小值得：F1=0.22r c t0β1β2v1/2=0.22×24×5×1.2×1.15×41/2=72.86KN/m²²2、柱子所受的均布荷载为：q=F1×0.5×0.6=21.86 N/mm3、强度验算(按二跨连续梁计算)M max=ql²/8=21.86×500²/8=683125 N〃mN=(a/2)×q=500×21.86/2=5465 NA=4.89cm2² W=5.08cm3N/A+M/rW=5465/489+683125/5080=145.65 N/mm2 <f m=205N/mm2柱箍强度满足要求。
4、穿墙螺杆验算每根穿墙螺杆承受的模板侧压力面积单元如图：得每根穿墙螺杆承受的拉力为：T=qs=72.86×0.5×0.3=10.93KN选用一根Ø12穿墙螺杆，查表得净面积A=113.1mm²²σ=T/A=10.93×103/113.1×1=96.64N/mm²<f m=335N/mm²²穿墙螺杆的承载力满足要求。
三、板模板支撑验算(以200厚板,4m跨度为例)(一)、混凝土楼板模板支架验算1、荷载计算底模自重：5×0.018×0.9=0.081 KN/m钢筋砼自重：25.5×0.2×0.9=4.59 KN/m方木楞自重：5×0.05×0.08×2=0.04 KN/m水平管自重：0.038×0.9×2=0.068 KN/m恒荷载标准值合计：q k1=4.78 KN/m恒荷载设计值合计：q1=4.78×1.2=5.7 KN/m振捣及施工活荷载：(1+2)×0.9=2.7 KN/m活荷载标准值合计：q k2=2.7 KN/m活荷载设计值合计：q2=2.7×1.4=3.78 KN/m合计 q=q1+q2=9.48KN/m2、大横杆抗弯承载力验算按两跨连续梁计算：M=0.125ql²=0.125×9.48×0.9²=0.96 KN〃mσ=M/W=0.96×106/5.08×103=189 N/mm2<f m=205N/mm2大横杆抗弯承载力满足要求。