外文翻译--包裹运输和城市物流 欧洲快递和包裹行业的变化和挑战,以法国为例(节选)
联邦快递SWOT分析毕业论文外文翻译2篇
英文文献资料(一）FedEx Corporation SWOT AnalysisFedEx offers overnight courier services, freight services，logistics solutions, and business support services. It operates the world’s largest express transportation company。
FedEx has a strong brand image。
During 2009，the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world. Strong brand image besides driving domestic revenues，facilitates international expansion。
However，the company is threatened from the growing popularity of（1)Strong brand imageFedEx has a strong brand image。
It is amongst the most recognized names in the globe express delivery services segment。
For instance, during 2009，the company was ranked seventh in FORTUNE magazine’s “World's Most Admired Companies” list, the eighth consecutive year the company has been ranked in the top ten on the list。
物流配送外文翻译文献
物流配送外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Logistics distribution1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditionalmanufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not beachieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it isnew to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make astable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate andfast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc.link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "物流配送1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
物流全方位发展英文作文
物流全方位发展英文作文英文：Logistics is a vital part of global trade and commerce. Over the years, logistics has evolved greatly, and today,it is a multi-billion dollar industry that has transformed the way goods are transported, stored, and delivered. The development of logistics has been driven by several factors, including advances in technology, changes in consumer behavior, and the growth of e-commerce.One of the biggest drivers of logistics development has been the advancement in technology. The introduction of new technologies such as GPS tracking, warehouse automation,and predictive analytics has revolutionized the logistics industry. These technologies have made it possible to track goods in real-time, optimize inventory management, and improve delivery times. For example, with GPS tracking, logistics companies can monitor the location of their vehicles and ensure that they are on the most efficientroute to their destination. This not only saves time but also reduces fuel consumption and costs.Another factor that has contributed to the development of logistics is the changing behavior of consumers. Today, consumers expect fast and reliable delivery of goods, and this has put pressure on logistics companies to improve their services. As a result, logistics companies have invested heavily in improving their delivery networks, with many now offering same-day or next-day delivery options. For example, Amazon has introduced its Prime service, which offers free two-day shipping to its members.Finally, the growth of e-commerce has also played a significant role in the development of logistics. With the rise of online shopping, logistics companies have had to adapt to meet the demands of e-commerce retailers. This has led to the development of new delivery models, such asdrop-shipping and direct-to-consumer delivery. These models have made it possible for e-commerce retailers to offer a wider range of products and faster delivery times.In conclusion, logistics has come a long way over the years, and today, it is a vital part of global trade and commerce. The development of logistics has been driven by advances in technology, changes in consumer behavior, and the growth of e-commerce. As logistics continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative solutions thatwill transform the way goods are transported, stored, and delivered.中文：物流是全球贸易和商业的重要组成部分。
英语物流论文带翻译
2.练习口头交流：定期练习用英语进行口头交流对提高流利度和准确性至关重要。可以通过角色扮演场景、参与英语会议和与同事和客户交流来实现这一目标。
3. Use English in Daily Operations: Actively using English in daily logistics operations, such as writing emails, creating reports, and communicating with international partners, can help reinforce language skills and build confidence in using English in professional settings.
Case Study: The Impact of English Proficiency on Logistics Operations
To illustrate the importance of English proficiency in logistics, let's consider a case study of a multinational logistics company that operates in China. The company's staff includes both Chinese and foreign employees, and the official language of the company is English. However, the Chinese employees have varying levels of English proficiency, which has resulted in miscommunications and errors in operations. For example, during a shipment delivery, a misinterpretation of an English instruction led to the wrong product being sent to the customer, causing a delay and customer dissatisfaction. This case highlights the significant impact of English proficiency on the effectiveness and efficiency of logistics operations.
物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related inFormation to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of inFormation. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users areactively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As athird-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core1energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and theUnited States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is astrategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the establishedlevel of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal,logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and inFormation constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the useof modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspectsof inFormation sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit oftheir own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency ofmutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practicalbusiness, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal inFormation system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of inFormation technology, logisticsand human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but inpractical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional Form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of Foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domesticlogistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and spaceutility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of thedensity problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computerinformation network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises mustincrease investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trendsin the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of anefficient global third party logistics inputs required For increasingthe capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”,军事后勤保障的原意,在二战结束后的第二面。
物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文:区域物流竞争力研究摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
物流配送外文文献及翻译
1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the wo rld’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most globalOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germanyhas been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in factoperating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not be achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and atimely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use itsunique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make a stable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application inlogistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate and fast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist therevenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc. link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance theirstrength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
外文文献翻译--快递企业市场竞争战略研究
外文文献翻译--快递企业市场竞争战略研究The XXX logistics industry。
With the rise of merce and the increasing demand for fast and reliable delivery services。
the express delivery market has XXX。
the industry has witnessed significant changes。
including the emergence of new players。
the n of new technologies。
and the n of services。
As a result。
XXX.2 Development trends of the express delivery marketThe express delivery market is expected to continue growing in the coming years。
driven by the increasing demand for cross-border merce and the n of the middle-class pXXX。
XXX。
such as artificial intelligence。
big data。
and blockchain。
is expected to transform the XXX。
the industry also faces challenges。
such as rising labor costs。
regulatory barriers。
and environmental concerns.3 Case study: AE express companyAE express company is a German-based express companythat XXX and medium-XXX。
英语作文-快递服务行业的国际化与全球化竞争
英语作文-快递服务行业的国际化与全球化竞争The internationalization and globalization of the express delivery service industry have transformed it into a highly competitive arena, influencing economies worldwide. This evolution stems from the increasing demand for efficient logistics solutions that can seamlessly connect businesses and consumers across borders. In examining this phenomenon, it becomes evident that several key factors contribute to the industry's global expansion and competitive dynamics.Firstly, the advancement of transportation infrastructure has played a pivotal role. Improved road networks, expanded air routes, and enhanced maritime capabilities have significantly reduced transit times and costs. These developments not only facilitate faster deliveries but also enable express delivery companies to offer competitive pricing and expand their service networks globally.Secondly, technological innovations have revolutionized the express delivery sector. Automation, AI-driven logistics management systems, and real-time tracking technologies have become standard, enhancing operational efficiency and customer experience. Such advancements enable companies to offer reliable, on-time deliveries and personalized services, thereby gaining a competitive edge in the global market.Moreover, the liberalization of trade policies and the rise of e-commerce have spurred the industry's international growth. Cross-border online shopping has surged, prompting express delivery providers to establish robust international networks capable of handling large volumes of parcels efficiently. This trend has led to strategic partnerships and acquisitions among industry players, further consolidating their global market presence.Additionally, the shift towards sustainability and environmental consciousness has influenced the industry's operational practices. Express delivery companies are increasingly adopting eco-friendly technologies and practices such as electric vehicles,renewable energy sources, and sustainable packaging solutions. These initiatives not only align with global environmental regulations but also cater to the growing consumer preference for eco-conscious services.Furthermore, the competitive landscape is shaped by regulatory frameworks and geopolitical dynamics. Compliance with international trade regulations, customs procedures, and geopolitical tensions can pose challenges for global expansion. Companies must navigate these complexities while ensuring compliance and maintaining operational efficiency to sustain their competitive positions.In conclusion, the internationalization and globalization of the express delivery service industry are driven by technological advancements, infrastructure development, e-commerce growth, sustainability initiatives, and regulatory frameworks. These factors collectively contribute to a highly competitive environment where companies strive to innovate, expand their global footprint, and enhance service quality. As the industry continues to evolve, leveraging these factors effectively will be crucial for maintaining competitiveness and meeting the evolving needs of global markets.。
英语作文-快递服务行业的跨境电商与国际物流
英语作文-快递服务行业的跨境电商与国际物流The global e-commerce landscape has seen unprecedented growth over the past decade, driven significantly by the expansion of cross-border trade and international logistics capabilities. One of the key facilitators of this growth is the cross-border e-commerce sector, particularly in relation to the international logistics and express delivery services that support it.Cross-border e-commerce refers to online trade between businesses and consumers (B2C) or between businesses (B2B) that occurs across national borders. This type of trade has gained momentum due to several factors, including the rise of digital platforms, increased internet penetration, and the growing consumer demand for a wider variety of products at competitive prices.The international logistics and express delivery services play a crucial role in enabling cross-border e-commerce transactions to take place smoothly and efficiently. These services encompass a range of activities, from warehousing and inventory management to transportation and last-mile delivery. For consumers, this means access to goods from around the world with varying delivery options, often including expedited services that ensure timely arrival.Key players in the international logistics sector have adapted to the demands of cross-border e-commerce by enhancing their capabilities and expanding their global networks. Companies like FedEx, UPS, DHL, and local postal services have invested heavily in technology and infrastructure to improve delivery speeds, shipment tracking, and overall service reliability.Technological advancements have been instrumental in transforming the international logistics landscape. Automated warehouses, real-time tracking systems, and data analytics have enabled logistics providers to optimize their operations and meet the evolving expectations of both businesses and consumers. These technologies not onlystreamline processes but also enhance transparency and accountability throughout the supply chain.Furthermore, the competitive nature of the cross-border e-commerce market has driven logistics providers to innovate continuously. Solutions such as consolidated shipping, which allows multiple orders to be combined into a single shipment to reduce costs, and cross-border fulfillment services, where logistics providers manage inventory and order processing on behalf of merchants, have become increasingly popular.From a regulatory perspective, governments worldwide have recognized the importance of facilitating cross-border e-commerce through favorable trade policies and agreements. Measures such as simplified customs procedures, tariff reductions for low-value shipments, and international trade agreements that promote smoother logistics operations have all contributed to the growth of the sector.However, challenges remain. Issues such as customs delays, varying regulations across countries, and logistical complexities in remote regions continue to pose hurdles for cross-border e-commerce and international logistics providers. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration between governments, industry stakeholders, and technology innovators to develop standardized practices and scalable solutions.Looking ahead, the future of cross-border e-commerce and international logistics appears promising. As technology continues to advance and consumer expectations evolve, logistics providers will need to remain agile and responsive to maintain their competitive edge. Investments in sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly packaging and energy-efficient transportation, will also play a crucial role in shaping the industry's future trajectory.In conclusion, the cross-border e-commerce sector and international logistics services are integral components of today's global economy. Their symbiotic relationship enables businesses to reach new markets and consumers to access a wide range of products from around the world. By leveraging technological innovation, adapting to regulatory frameworks, and addressing logistical challenges, stakeholders can foster aresilient and dynamic ecosystem that supports continued growth and innovation in cross-border trade.。
以物流为话题的英文作文300词左右
以物流为话题的英文作文300词左右English:Logistics plays a crucial role in the global economy, ensuring the smooth flow of goods from manufacturers to consumers. It involves the planning, coordination, and execution of the transportation, warehousing, and distribution of products. This complex process requires effective communication, advanced technology, and skilled professionals to efficiently manage the supply chain. Logistics companies use various modes of transportation such as trucks, trains, ships, and planes to move goods domestically and internationally. With the rise of e-commerce, the demand for fast and reliable logistics services has increased significantly, leading to the development of innovative solutions like same-day delivery and drone delivery. The ever-growing complexity of supply chains and the need for sustainability in the transportation sector have further highlighted the importance of logistics in driving economic growth and connecting businesses around the world.中文翻译:物流在全球经济中发挥着至关重要的作用，确保货物顺利从制造商运送到消费者手中。
以国际物流为话题的英文作文240词左右
以国际物流为话题的英文作文240词左右International Logistics: The Global Connector of CommerceIn today's globalized world, international logistics plays a vital role in connecting businesses, communities, and nations across the globe. It serves as the backbone of international trade, enabling the smooth flow of goods and services between different countries.International logistics involves a complex network of activities, including transportation, warehousing, documentation, and customs clearance. It ensures that products can be delivered efficiently and effectively to their destinations, regardless of geographical boundaries.One of the key benefits of international logistics is that it facilitates global sourcing and distribution. Companies can source raw materials and components from anywhere in the world and sell their products to a global market. This opens up new opportunities for growth and expansion.Moreover, it helps to reduce costs and increase competitiveness. By optimizing supply chain processes, it enables businesses to minimize transportation expenses, storage costs, and lead times.However, international logistics also comes with its challenges. Complex customs regulations, documentation requirements, andfluctuating transportation costs can pose difficulties. Additionally, unforeseen disruptions such as natural disasters or political issues can impact the smooth operation of the logistics chain.To overcome these challenges, companies need to partner with reliable logistics service providers who have the expertise and experience to handle international shipments seamlessly. They also need to stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in the field to remain competitive.In conclusion, international logistics is essential for the success of global commerce. It connects the world, drives economic growth, and enables businesses to reach new markets and customers.。
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的竞争力分析
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的竞争力分析In the age of digital commerce, the courier service industry has become a critical component of the global economy. The rapid growth of online shopping has led to increased demand for efficient and reliable delivery services, making the competition in this sector more intense than ever before.The modern courier service industry is characterized by its dynamic approach to logistics and customer service. Companies are constantly innovating to improve delivery times, reduce costs, and enhance the overall customer experience. This has led to the implementation of advanced technologies such as real-time tracking systems, automated sorting facilities, and the use of drones and autonomous vehicles for delivery.One of the key factors contributing to the competitiveness of courier services is the ability to provide expedited shipping options. Consumers today expect fast, if not immediate, delivery of their purchases. This expectation has pushed companies to develop sophisticated distribution networks that can handle the high volume of parcels and ensure timely deliveries.Another significant aspect is the integration of eco-friendly practices. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, courier services that adopt sustainable methods are gaining favor among consumers. This includes the use of electric vehicles, biodegradable packaging, and optimizing delivery routes to reduce carbon emissions.Customer service also plays a vital role in the industry's competitiveness. The ease of use of the service, from the ordering process to the final delivery, can greatly influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Services that offer hassle-free returns, flexible delivery options, and responsive customer support are more likely to retain their customer base.Moreover, the rise of e-commerce in emerging markets presents both challenges and opportunities for courier services. Companies that can navigate the complexities of international shipping regulations and customs procedures are better positioned to capitalize on the growing demand in these regions.In conclusion, the competitive edge in the modern courier service industry hinges on a blend of speed, efficiency, sustainability, customer service, and global reach. Companies that excel in these areas are not only meeting the current demands of consumers but are also shaping the future of delivery services worldwide.This analysis of the courier service industry's competitiveness highlights the multifaceted strategies companies must employ to stay ahead in a rapidly evolving market. As technology continues to advance and consumer preferences shift, the industry must adapt to remain relevant and successful. 。
快递包裹推动发展作文
快递包裹推动发展作文(中英文版)英文文档内容：The Development Boosted by Express PackagesIn the era of rapid economic growth and technological advancement, the role of express packages in promoting development cannot be overstated.The convenience and efficiency of express delivery services have revolutionized the way we send and receive goods, playing a significant role in various sectors.One area where express packages have made a substantial impact is e-commerce.Online shopping has become a popular trend, and with it, the demand for reliable and fast delivery services.Express packages ensure that customers receive their purchases in a timely manner, fostering customer satisfaction and loyalty.This, in turn, drives the growth of e-commerce platforms and stimulates economic activity.Furthermore, express packages facilitate the transportation of goods across long distances, opening up new markets and opportunities for businesses.This has encouraged globalization and increased international trade, contributing to economic development on a global scale.In addition, the logistics industry has seen significant growth due to the rise of express packages.The need for efficient and timely delivery has led to the development of advanced transportation and trackingsystems.This has not only improved the efficiency of the logistics industry but has also created job opportunities and stimulated economic growth.Moreover, express packages have played a crucial role in the healthcare sector.They enable the rapid delivery of medical supplies and pharmaceuticals, ensuring that patients receive the necessary treatment in a timely manner.This has improved healthcare outcomes and saved lives.In conclusion, the advent of express packages has had a transformative effect on various sectors, driving development and fostering economic growth.As the demand for efficient and reliable delivery services continues to grow, it is likely that the impact of express packages on development will only increase in the future.中文文档内容：快递包裹推动发展作文在经济增长迅速和技术不断进步的时代，快递包裹在推动发展方面发挥着不可忽视的作用。
物流全方位发展英文作文
物流全方位发展英文作文英文：Logistics has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an indispensable part of modern society. With the development of e-commerce, logistics has become more convenient and efficient. In order to meet the needs of customers, logistics companies have developed a variety of logistics services, such as express delivery, air freight, sea freight, warehousing, and customs clearance.Express delivery is a popular logistics service, which is widely used in daily life. It is fast and convenient, and can deliver goods to customers in a timely manner. For example, when I shop online, I usually choose express delivery, which can deliver the goods to my doorstep within a few days. This saves me a lot of time and effort.Air freight and sea freight are two important logistics services for international trade. Air freight is fast andefficient, and can transport goods to different parts of the world quickly. Sea freight is relatively cheaper, andis suitable for transporting large quantities of goods over long distances. For example, when I import goods from other countries, I usually choose air freight or sea freight depending on the urgency and quantity of the goods.Warehousing is also an important logistics service, which provides storage and management for goods. With the development of e-commerce, warehousing has become more important, as it can help online sellers to store and manage their goods more efficiently. For example, when I sell goods online, I usually use a third-party warehousing service, which can help me to store and manage my goods, and deliver them to customers when needed.Customs clearance is a necessary process for international trade, which involves the inspection and clearance of goods by customs authorities. Customs clearance can be complicated and time-consuming, especially for goods that require special permits or certifications. For example, when I import goods from other countries, Iusually hire a customs broker to handle the customs clearance process, which can save me a lot of time and trouble.In conclusion, logistics is a comprehensive and important industry, which provides a wide range of services for customers. With the development of e-commerce and international trade, logistics will continue to play a crucial role in the global economy.中文：近年来，物流行业发展迅速，已成为现代社会不可或缺的一部分。
法国航运介绍英文作文
法国航运介绍英文作文英文：As a French native, I am proud to introduce the maritime industry of my country. France is a major playerin the global shipping industry, with a long history of maritime trade dating back to the Middle Ages.One of the most important ports in France is the Port of Marseille, which is the largest commercial port in the country. It is strategically located on the Mediterranean Sea and serves as a gateway to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The port handles a variety of cargo, including oil, chemicals, and containerized goods.In addition to Marseille, France has several other major ports, including Le Havre, Dunkirk, and Rouen. These ports are all located on the coast of the English Channel and handle a large volume of cargo, including coal, iron ore, and grain.France is also home to some of the world's largest shipping companies, such as CMA CGM and Louis Dreyfus Armateurs. These companies operate a vast fleet of vessels that transport goods all over the world.Overall, France's maritime industry plays a vital role in the country's economy and global trade. It provides employment opportunities for thousands of people and contributes to the country's GDP.中文：作为法国本土人士，我很自豪地介绍我国的海运业。
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的海外仓与国际物流
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的海外仓与国际物流In the realm of modern commerce, the logistics and delivery sector has witnessed a significant transformation propelled by technological advancements and evolving consumer demands. One of the pivotal innovations shaping the landscape of international trade is the establishment and proliferation of overseas warehouses, coupled with the seamless integration of international logistics networks. This paradigm shift has not only revolutionized the way businesses operate but has also redefined the dynamics of global supply chains.At the forefront of this revolution is the concept of overseas warehouses. These strategically located storage facilities serve as pivotal nodes in the global distribution network, enabling businesses to store inventory closer to their international customer base. By decentralizing inventory storage and strategically placing warehouses in key geographic locations, companies can effectively minimize transit times and reduce shipping costs. Moreover, the proximity of these warehouses to major markets enhances operational efficiency, facilitating faster order fulfillment and improving customer satisfaction.Furthermore, the rise of overseas warehouses has catalyzed the evolution of international logistics, fostering greater collaboration and synergy among various stakeholders in the supply chain ecosystem. Through seamless integration with transportation providers, customs authorities, and e-commerce platforms, businesses can orchestrate a synchronized flow of goods from manufacturing hubs to end consumers. This interconnectedness not only streamlines the movement of products across borders but also enhances visibility and transparency throughout the entire logistics process.In addition to optimizing efficiency, overseas warehouses play a crucial role in mitigating the challenges posed by global uncertainties and disruptions. By maintaining buffer stocks in strategically distributed locations, businesses can buffer against supplychain disruptions caused by factors such as natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, or unforeseen market fluctuations. This proactive approach not only minimizes the impact of disruptions on business operations but also fosters resilience and agility in the face of uncertainty.Moreover, the advent of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain has further augmented the capabilities of overseas warehouses and international logistics networks. IoT sensors embedded within warehouse facilities enable real-time monitoring of inventory levels, temperature, and humidity, ensuring optimal storage conditions and preventing stockouts or spoilage. AI-driven predictive analytics empower businesses to anticipate demand fluctuations and optimize inventory allocation, thereby reducing excess inventory and minimizing carrying costs.Furthermore, blockchain technology is revolutionizing the realm of international trade by enhancing transparency, security, and traceability across the supply chain. By leveraging blockchain-based platforms, businesses can securely record and track the entire lifecycle of a product—from manufacturing to delivery—facilitating seamless coordination and collaboration among multiple stakeholders. This immutable record not only enhances trust and accountability but also streamlines regulatory compliance and reduces the risk of fraud or counterfeiting.In conclusion, the advent of overseas warehouses and the evolution of international logistics have heralded a new era of efficiency, agility, and connectivity in the realm of global commerce. By leveraging strategic warehousing locations, advanced technologies, and collaborative networks, businesses can navigate the complexities of international trade with greater ease and resilience. As we continue to embrace innovation and embrace the opportunities of a borderless world, the synergy between overseas warehouses and international logistics will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of modern commerce.。
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中文2850字，1800单词，9800英文字符出处：Ducret R. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe —The French case[J]. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2014, 11:15-22.Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe — The French caseDucret R1 IntroductionThe European Courier, Express and Parcel sector (CEP) is a very strategic and dynamic sector involved in globalization. Primarily, the CEP sector is a separate activity from the postal service. This sector has arisen over the past 20 years from the traditional transport of less than a truckload of general cargo. It groups together firms, capable of delivering small, light parcels (31.5 kg at the most), quickly and accurately, all over the world, relying on sophisticated networks (hub and spoke networks combined with depot networks for the most part) and the reliable tracking and tracing of the shipments. To put it simply, couriers provide a point-to-point same-day delivery; express providers supply fast delivery at fixed time windows the next day or the second day relying on their powerful networks; and parcel providers are characterized by the consolidation of standardized lightweight parcels delivered the next or second day. But nowadays frontiers between the three services are blurred, and a CEP player provides each of the services (DHL, 2008). In Europe, DHL, TNT and UPS share the market along with some national outsiders of various sizes. According to the International Post Corporation, in 2008, the UE CEP market turnover was 37.4 billion Euros (business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) parcels), and adding consumer to consumer (C2C), the CEP market turnover could reach 42.2 billion Euros (ITA Consulting &W I K Consult, 2009).During the past fifteen years the CEP sector in Europe, in particular the final stage of the supply chain in cities, has undergone significant and rapid changes (Menge and Hebes, 2011, Patier-Marque, 2002 and Savy and Burnham, 2013). With the spread of new technologies and the advent of economic and social changes, new shopping and logistics patterns have emerged, leading to a growth in deliveries in particular (Esser andKurte, 2005, Hesse, 2002, OCDE, 2003 and Weltevreden and Rotem-Mindali, 2009). Firms and stores have also modified their supply chains in cities. Moreover, public authorities in European cities, increasingly aware of the essential role of urban goodsdistribution, have implemented measures and projects to deal with externalities and enhance the efficiency of urban freight; measures that have sometimes made urban deliveries more difficult (Dablanc, 2011, Lindholm, 2012 and Russo and Comi, 2010). Confronted with the growing complexity of the 'last-mile' issue and faced with a competitive environment, the traditional actors of the CEP sector in Europe are evolving together ("co-evolving"), and their players, strategies, tools, and organizations are becoming similar (converging) (Taylor &Hallsworth, 2000). Thus part of the CEP sector is restructuring itself to tackle the specificities and constraints of urban distribution in a rapidly changing context, creating what we could call an urban parcel delivery segment (although not autonomous), with specific organizations, tools and strategies.This article aims at providing an up-to-date overview of the parcel sector in Europe, and at understanding the changes in the urban parcel delivery sector over the last ten years. It will also highlight future prospects for the sector. Undoubtedly, understanding the interests and concerns of one of the most important stakeholders of the urban freight system is essential for the urban logistics dialogue and for political players to propose efficient regulations and policies.The research questions are: what are the common factors that affect the various European parcel delivery sectors and what are the common drivers of the creation of new parcel sectors in particular? How can we describe the reshuffling of European CEP sectors in their organizations, strategies, as well as the players' game? Specific analysis will deal with the most important challenges the new sector will have to face in the future, in particular the consequences of the growing involvement of political authorities on a European scale as well as the rise of cross-border e-commerce.The article is built on an analysis based on three studies conducted between 2012 and 2013: (1) A literature review of the urban parcel sector in a European context, (2) a study of the French CEP sector via 48 interviews of French and European parcel distribution service providers, retailers and experts in transport, retail or ICT; and (3) a review of urban freight transport policy in French cities via 64 interviews with local authority representatives, transport operators and operational staff of parcel providers in 19 French cities. Even if the in-depth French case is the guiding principle of this article, we will also provide European comparisons.The article will be structured as follows: it will first describe the data collection effort (1). Then it will give an outline of the new segment of the traditional European CEP sector, the urban parceldistribution sector, namely the convergent structures, strategies and organization, drawing an updated and complete picture of its players (2). In order to understand how and why the urban parcel delivery segment has been shaped, we provide an analysis of some of the driving forces. Our analysis will, in particular, explore the renewed relationships between stakeholders and local authorities in cities, and the role of the economic and retail context on parcel delivery supply and demand (3). Finally, in the conclusion we will briefly discuss the research implications and prospects of the evolution of the players of the parcel delivery sector, in the particular context of the rise of cross-border e-commerce.2. Method, objectives and data collection of the study2.1. Method and objectivesThe article is based on an analysis of three studies conducted between 2012 and 2013. We first conducted a literature review of the urban parcel sector in a European context. We conducted a review of the existing literature on the CEP sector through academic papers, European reports, firms' reports and books since 2000. Even if urban logistics and related e-commerce studies have increased in the last ten years (Dablanc, 2011 and Lindholm, 2013b), surprisingly, few detailed and recent works on this sector exist in academic literature, with a few recent exceptions in German research (Menge and Hebes, 2011 and Gruber et al., 2013). Even if urban logistics studies often mention the CEP sector or underline parcels as a key element in urban freight, in-depth presentations of the industry are scarce (Maes and Vanelslander, 2012 and Miyatake and Nemoto, 2013). It appears to be a presupposition. Simultaneously we conducted a review of the professional press over the last six years referring to four French supply chain and urban logistics magazines, and of an international CEP newsletter called Post and Parcel. The professional press provided richer material on the CEP industry than the academic literature. We also conducted a study of the French CEP sector in 2012 thanks to 48 direct interviews with French and European parcel distribution service providers, e-retailers and experts in transport, retail or ICT. This survey was completed a year later by a review of urban freight transport policy in French cities via 64 interviews with local authority representatives, urban planning departments, transport operators and operational staff of parcel providers in 19 French cities. Those surveys lasted no more than three months each, given the constraints of the PhD, but they are very dense and rich.Three aspects have been considered within these semi-structured interviews: the urban delivery sector within a changing environment (players, strategies and organizations); the nature of the urbanfreight transport policy context regarding parcel delivery (dialogue between stakeholders, awareness and knowledge of urban goods distribution, problem-solving approaches and measures, experiments, incentives and reactions of the freight providers); and finally future prospects and challenges regarding parcel delivery.The first survey was concerned with the structures of the CEP industry, while the second tried to understand the CEP sector within its environment, the city, in order to confront theory and practice.Even if the in-depth French case is the guiding principle of this survey, we have conducted several European comparisons.2.2. Players interviewed and representativeness of the surveysFig. 1 and Fig. 2 describe the panel of players interviewed in the two surveys. CEP players are the largest proportion of interviewees. The proportion of the different categories of players interviewed within the CEP sector is relatively balanced. The panel gives a precise image of the current CEP sector. Emergent issues have been tackled thanks to a great number of meetings with start-ups and new players in the CEP industry.In all categories we have succeeded in reaching the most important players. For instance, three out of the five most important express providers were interviewed and three pickup points out of the four which exist in France accepted our invitation.Experts in transport, retail and ICT, e-retailers and local authorities are another important part of the surveys. They represent elements of the ecosystem that make the CEP industry evolve, since they influence it. They have given their vision of the changes in the CEP sector, and above all, they have focused on future prospects and challenges regarding the parcel delivery segment.In order to strengthen our results, the main conclusions of the surveys have been synthesized in short reports and given to the players interviewed. Moreover, in-depth analyses were conducted with the French Post operator based on its own figures, to test the validity of the market shares provided in this article. Both audits were positive.3. The renewed urban parcel delivery sector in Europe: new players, services and strategiesAs proposed by Taylor and Hallsworth in a study about the courier service industry (Taylor &Hallsworth, 2000), we consider that the CEP sector is characterized by the "co-evolution〃and "convergence" of its players who are in competition in the market, and thus face the same issues andadopt similar strategies to handle them. In fact, since the beginning of the century, the traditional CEP sector in Europe has undergone significant changes, especially regarding parcel delivery in an urban context, and a new segment has progressively emerged, the urban parcel delivery sector, dedicated to urban deliveries of small and light parcels. At the same time delivery services, organizations and strategies have become similar. Here we shall make an overview of the new segment based on an in-depth study of the French CEP sector.3.1. Categories of players of the urban parcel distribution sector: between heirs and new playersThe urban parcel delivery sector descended from the traditional CEP sector with both traditional and new players. Families of players can be distinguished in terms of the player's origin in the parcel market, core business and strategies, and their position regarding urban parcel deliveries. The sector is divided into two main families, heirs and new players. It is also divided into eleven sub-families: post office, integrators, logistics providers of the mail-order sales sector, other logistics providers, other postal providers, subcontractors, pickup point networks, neutral and specialized parcel delivery service providers, players from e-retail and couriers .译文包裹运输和城市物流: 欧洲快递和包裹行业的变化和挑战,以法国为例1引言欧洲的快递和包裹部门(CEP)是一个非常战略性的和参与全球化的动态部门。