上海理工大学计算机应用基础2004年考博真题考博试题博士研究生入学考试试题

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2004年上海理工大学硕士研究生入学考试区域经济学试题及答案详解

2004年上海理工大学硕士研究生入学考试区域经济学试题及答案详解考试科目：区域经济学一、名词解释（每题10，共40分）1．库兹涅茨法则2．增长极3．地域生产综合体4．县域经济二、简答题（每题20分，共60分）1．简述梯度开发模式及其在中国的应用。

2．谈谈我国“非均衡增长—协调发展”战略。

3．试析城市经济协作区的类型及其发展。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1．试谈谈你对长三角“沿江开发”战略的看法。

2．结合区域经济学原理谈谈你对东北老工业基地开发战略的认识。

参考答案2004年上海理工大学硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：区域经济学一、名词解释（每题10，共40分）1．库兹涅茨法则：即倒U字假说，又称库兹涅茨曲线。

在经济为充分发展的阶段，收入分配将随同经济发展而趋于不平等；其后，经历收入分配暂时无大变化的时期；到达经济充分发展的阶段，收入分配将趋于平等。

如果用横轴表示经济发展的某些指标（通常为人均产值），纵横表示收入分配不平等程度的指标，则这一假说揭示的关系成倒U字形。

库兹涅兹对收入分配不平等的长期趋势假设为：在前工业文明向工业文明过渡的经济增长早期阶段迅速扩大，尔后是短暂的稳定，然后在增长的后期阶段逐渐缩小。

他认为5％是经验材料，95％是推测，其中还可能有如意算盘之嫌疑。

库兹涅兹认为使分配不公平的力量包括：（1）储蓄集中于高收入者手里；（2）增长与工业化和城市化变动同步，而工业中的收入不平等高于传统农业中的不平等；（3）工业化中的集中性趋势也会造成很大的不平等；（4）政府对工业的援助导致城乡的不平等。

同样减少不公平的力量有：（1）国家通过立法等手段，如救济法、累进税、财产税等可以在一定程度上消除不平等；（2）技术创新会导致产业或企业发展的兴衰变化，原有利益分配格局发生变化，会减低收入分配不平等；（3）人口变动，如人们会从低收入部门向高收入部门转移，导致收入差别减小，这种劳动力流动具有“搅拌”作用，缓解收入不公；（4）对发展中国家，很多人设想所谓的“滴漏效应”，即在经济增长过程中，分配的利益会自上而下地产生滴漏，导致收入分配的差距收缩。

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NK 细胞有哪些主要的表面标记?NK 细胞有哪些主要的生物学活性? 三. 问答题(每题 14 分,共 28 分) 供传染病学专业试题: 1. 机体有哪些免疫细胞和免疫分子参与抗病毒感染?它们是如何发挥病毒免疫作用的? 2. 目前单克隆抗体在病毒学中有哪些主要用途?今后可能有哪些主要的发展方向? 供消化内科专业试题: 1. 目前体内和体外检测肿瘤患者免疫功能的方法主要有哪些?分别叙述每种方法的原理和结果测定? 2. 目前单克隆抗体在肿瘤学中有哪些主要的用途?今后可能有哪些主要的发展方向? 第四军医大学一九九四年攻读博士学位入学考试试题学科专业: 传染病学, 消化内科考试科目: 免疫学一. 名词解释(每题 4 分,共 40 分) 1. CD8 2. T cell receptor α and β chain (TCRαβ ) 3. immunoglobulin fold(Ig fold) 4. cadherin (Ca-dependent cell adhesion moleculers) 5. idiotype-anti-idiotypic antibody immune network theory 6. HLA class II antigen 7. complementarity-determining region (CDR)8. perforin(or pore-forming protein ,PFP) 9. high affinity IL-2 receptor 10. artificial active immunization 二. 简答题(每题 8 分,共 32 分) 1. 简述白细胞介素 2(IL-2)主要的生物学活性及其在临床治疗中的应用. 2. 请比较第Ⅰ型(速发型)超敏反应与第Ⅳ型(迟发型)超敏反应的发病特点. 3. 试述分泌型 IgA(secretory IgA)的结构特点和合成分泌过程. 4. 试比较 T,B 淋巴细胞细胞膜表面分子(如表面抗原,表面受体等)的异同点. 三. 问答题(每题 14 分,共 28 分.请注意:每位考生只能从 1,2 题中选一题,3,4 题中选一题,共答两题,多答者不计分.) 1. 目前检测细胞因子主要有生物学活性检测法和免疫学检测法,请举例分别叙述两种方法的实验原理. 2. 为了避免 IgG 抗体 Fc 段非特异性作用,常应用胃蛋白酶水解的 F(ab')2 段,试问如何应用 SDS-PAGE 方法对 F(ab')2 进行鉴定? 3. 试述抗肿瘤基因工程抗体的研究进展. 4. 试述抗病毒基因工程抗体的研究进展. 第四军医大学一九九五年攻读博士学位入学考试试题学科专业:免疫学,传染病学,消化内科考试科目:免疫学一. 名词解释(每题 4 分,共 40 分) 1. immunoglobulin gene rearrangement 2. the common chain of cytokine receptor (or a cytokine receptor subunit shared by some cytokine receptors) 3. flow cytometry(FCM) 4. carrier effect 5. positive selection of T lymphocytes in thymus 6. mouse TH1(Th1) and TH2(Th2) subsets 7. perforin (pore-forming protein ,PFP) 8. ADCC(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) 9. SH-2(src-homology region 2) 10. Ab2β (internal image) 二. 简答题(每题 8 分,共 32 分)1. 近年来在人类白细胞分化抗原(CD)研究领域中有哪些主要进展? 2. 参与活化 T 细胞与活化 B 细胞相互作用的分子主要有哪些?简述其结构和功能? 3. 试述 HLA 在临床上的主要应用. 4. 例举三种从人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中纯化 T 细胞的方法,分别叙述其实验原理和主要操作步骤. 5. 评价红细胞生成素(EPO),干扰素(IFN)和集落刺激因子(CSF)在临床某些疾病的应用. 三. 选择问答题(每题 10 分,共 20 分.请按报考专业答题,如答非本专业题或多答题均视为无效.) 免疫学专业: 1. 试述细胞因子受体中,Ig 超家族,造血因子受体超家族,神经生长因子受体超家族以及趋化因子受体超家族的主要结构特点,每个超家族例举出 2 个成员. 2. 试比较人 T,B 淋巴细胞细胞膜表面分子(表面标记)的异同点,它们分别参与哪些主要的免疫功能? 传染病学专业: 1. 人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染人体后,免疫功能可发生哪些主要的变化?机理是什么?如何进行相应的免疫学功能检测? 2. 请评述肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)感染后机体免疫学变化的与病理损伤的关系. 消化专业: 1.试述与消化系统有关的肿瘤相关抗原研究的进展. 2.简述粘膜相关淋巴样组织(mucosal assiociated lymphoid tissue,MALT)的组成和功能特点.分泌型 IgA 是如何进行合成和分泌的? 第四军医大学一九九六年攻读博士学位入学考试试题免疫学试题一. 名词解释(每题 4 分,共 40 分) 1. Fas(CD95)/FasL 2. common chain of cytokine receptor 3 . TCR/CD3 complex 4. negaive selection of thymocytes 5. artificial active immune 6. anti-idiotypic 7. IgSF 8. Integrin9. chemokine 10. B7/CD28 二. 问答题(每题 12 分,共 60 分) 1. 比较 MHCⅠ和 MHCⅡ类抗原参与的加工提呈抗原的过程. 2. 比较 CTL 和 NK 杀伤靶细胞时识别和杀伤机制的特点. 3. 比较免疫学检测法和生物学活性检测法检测细胞因子的优缺点. 4. 发现一种新的白细胞分化抗原或肿瘤相关抗原,并制备了单克隆抗体,试设计实验方案克隆此基因. 5. 选择下述中一个专题,叙述我国在这一研究领域的现状及面临的挑战 src="./images/smilies/sad.gif" border=0 smilieid="2">1)肿瘤免疫;(2)基因治疗; (3)CD 抗原. 第四军医大学一九九七年博士研究生入学考试免疫学试题一. 名词解释(每题 4 分,共 40 分) 1. B7/CD28 2. Th1 subset 3. seven predicated transmembrane domain receptor superfamily(STR superfamily) 4. antibody affinity maturation 5. AP-1 6. single chain variable fragment(ScFv) 7. NK cell receptor 8. Zinkernagel-Doherty phenomenon 9. Ig fold 10. CD40/CD40L 二. 问答题(每题 12 分,共 36 分) 1. 试述胸腺微环境对胸腺细胞的选择作用及其与 T 细胞功能性亚群形成的关系. 2. 试述体液免疫应答的规律,回忆反应和抗体类别转换的机制是什么? 3. 试从结构和功能等角度,阐述白细胞分化抗原(CD),粘附分子(integrin)和免疫球蛋白超家族(IgSF)三类分子的相互关系.目前在这一领域中主要研究热点是什么? 三. 问答题(24 分,第 1 题为免疫学专业考生试题,第 2 题为血液病学科考生试题,第 3 题为消化内科考生试题,只允许答本专业试题)1. 试比较 TCR 和 BCR 结构及其识别抗原,淋巴细胞活化信号的分子机理. (免疫学专业). 2. 试述白血病免疫学分型理论和方法的研究进展.(血液病学专业). 3. 试述肿瘤疫苗的研究进展.(消化内科专业). 一九九八年博士研究生入学考试试题 (免疫学专业和专业基础) 一.名词解释(每题 3 分,共 45 分) 1.Co-stimulators (or co-stimulating molecules) 2.NK-kB 3.Immunoglobulin superfamily 4.antigen-presenting cell (APC) 5.death domain R and CXCR 7.Lectin (or mitogen) 8.Clusters of differentiation, CD) 9.B7 family 10.Cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL) 11.IL-15 and IL-15 receptor (IL-15R) 12.MHC restriction 13.Affinity-chromatography 14.Cyctosprin A, CsA 15.Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC) 二.问答题(每题 10 分,共 30 分) 1.何为 Th1 和 Th2 亚群?如何检测?在临床上有何意义? 2.试述免疫球蛋白(Ig)的结构与功能的关系. 3.试比较 T 细胞受体(TCR/CD3)与 B 细胞受体(BCR)的组成,结构及其识别抗原的特点. 三.选择问答题(各专业考生只答一道本专业试题,25 分) 免疫学专业: 1.试述 B7/CD28, CTLA-4,CD40/CD40L,LFA-1/ICAM-1,CD2/LFA-3 的结构,分布以及相互作用后介导的主要生物学功能.消化内科: 2.肿瘤抗原分为哪几类?机体抗肿瘤免疫主要有哪些因素(机制)?简述提高抗肿瘤免疫研究的略策. 血液病学专业: 3.何为白血病的免疫学分型?何为移植物抗宿主反应(GVHR)?GVHR 发生的主要原因(条件)是什么? 一九九年九博士生入学考试试题 (专业基础: 免疫学) 一.名词解释(每题 5 分,共 45 分) 1. ADCC(antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) 2. 环孢菌素(cyclosporin) 3. KIR(killer cell inhibitory receptor) 4. HLDA(human leucocyte differentiation antigen) 5. Interleukin 18(IL-18) 6. 整合素(integrin) 7. Fas/FasL 8. FcR(免疫球蛋白 Fc 段受体) 9. 细胞间粘附分子(ICAM) 10. Th1/Th2 11. 基因疫苗(DNA 疫苗) 12. chemokines and chemokine receptor 13. 免疫耐受 14. 共刺激分子 15. 死亡结构域(death domain) 二.问答题(第 1,2 题各 18 分,第 3 题 19 分) 1. 试比较杀伤性 T 细胞(CTL)与自然杀伤细胞(NK)在杀伤靶细胞过程中,识别细胞毒及介导免疫功能有何不同? 2. 70 年代以来,有关 Ig 和体液免疫研究存在以下几项重大发现和突破而获得医学和生物学诺贝尔奖,请分别阐述它们的理论意义及在医学实践中的应用. (1)1972 年:胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解 Ig,获得 Fab,Fc,F(ab')2 等片段 (2)1977 年:放射免疫法 (3)1984 年:淋巴细胞杂交瘤和单克隆抗体(4)1987 年: Ig 基因的结构 3. 近年来在肿瘤免疫研究领域中有哪些重要进展?试述当前提高机体抗肿瘤免疫的主要策略. 一九九九年博士生入学考试试题(免疫学专业) 问答题(每题 25 分) 1. 试比较 T 细胞受体(TCR),B 细胞受体(BCR)和 NK 细胞受体(NKCR)的组成,识别配体以及信号转导的异同点. 2. 以胸腺依赖抗原刺激机体产生抗体的免疫应答为例,T 细胞和 B 细胞是如何相互作用? 有哪些粘附分子和共刺激分子参与 T,B 细胞的相互作用? 3. 肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒的结构基因已经搞清楚,为了证实 HFRS 病毒感染机体(以 Balb/C 小鼠为例)可产生 HFRS 病毒核衣壳蛋白(NP)特异性 CTL,并在免疫防护中起重要作用, 请应用免疫学理论和方法,设计一系统实验,加以证实. 4. 例举二个近年来细胞和分子免疫学研究中出现的新的热点,请分别评述其研究意义,发展趋势以及应用前景.中科院动物所博士生入学试题生物化学和高级生物化学中国科学院动物研究所生物化学 1996 年博士研究生入学试题 1.蛋白质和蛋白质相互分离时主要根据它们之间的种有差别的特征,这些差别特征有哪些方面?并举例说明. 2 试述三种粘多糖的名称,在动物体内的主要分布, 主要构成单糖及其它糖类. 3 试举例说明蛋白质和它的前体的一级结构关系. 4 J. D. Watson 因其证明 DNA 的双螺旋结构,曾与 Crick 共获诺贝尔奖.这位科学泰头在他后来一体名著中解释 DNA 形状时写过这样一段话:"Does DNAchain fold up into a regular configulation dominated by its regular backbone? If so, the configulation would most likely be a helical one in which all the sugar-phosphate groupl would have identical chemincal environments". 你认为他在这里用 configulation 一词描述 DNA 的三维结构确切吗?为什么? (此段英原文不必译出, 但须回答为什么, 否则无分) 中国科学院动物研究所生物化学 1998 年博士研究生入学试题一, 填充题 1 DNA 具有的两个重要功能是 , 核糖体的功能是 2 逆转录酶是一种多功能酶,它兼有指导的 DNA 聚合酶, 指导的 DNA 聚合酶. 3 能够用来将外源的 DNA 片段转移到活细胞内部的 , 或统称为克隆载体. 4 绝大多数真核生物信使 RNA3'端有 . 5 证明 DNA 是遗传信息携带者的科学家是 . 6 蛋白质可与碱共热而水解,碱水解引起 , , 和的破坏. 7 蛋白质的三维构象也称或 . 8 生物膜主要是由和两大类物质组成, 生物膜的基因结构形式是 . 膜两侧的物质和离子转运主要是通过 ,和等方式进行. 9 1997 年诺贝尔化学奖授予 , 主要是基于他们阐明了反应机制分子结构及酶的作用机制. 10 脂肪和磷脂的合成主要是来自和 . 11 糖蛋白的糖链,是由专一性很低强的 ,从糖核苷酸上把单糖一个一个转移上去而形成的.二,解释名词和英文符号的科学含义 1 △Gp 2 Q cycle 3ABC 4 Kcat 5 protomnotive force 6 Synonycodon 7 RT-PCR 8 genomic library 9 DNAfinger printing 10 DNAfoot printing 三,问答题 1 热力学第二定律证明任何体系的它的外围环境必须不断增加它的熵, 然而活的生物体却从比较无序状态的物质不断建立起高度有序的结构,这是否说明活的生物体不遵守热力学第二定律?为什么? 2 回答下述问题是对或是错,假若是错请解释为什么? 1) 在底物饱和的条件下,酶的催化反应速率与酶浓度成比例. 2) 在底物浓度成为反应限速因子是,酶的催化反应速率随反应时间而下降. 3 举例简述生物体系中的氧化还原反应的重要意义. 4 在静息态的神经细胞中,胞内外的 K 与 Na 浓度的不同分布导致胞膜内侧表现为负电荷较大, 此种浓度梯差和电荷梯差的总称是什么?假若以△G'代表在这种离子浓度梯差存在时的离子跨膜转运的能量变化, 其反应表示为请解释上述充应式中的符号参量表示什么?其意义何在? 5 举例简述对细胞中多种膜系统结构与功能的研究对神经系统疾病的重要性. 6 什么是回文结构(palindrome)? 请举例说明. 7 试述氨基酸顺序与三维结构构象的关系. 8 什么是核蛋白体(nucleoprotein) 比较重要的核蛋白体有那些? 9 举例说明三种糖蛋白的名称, 化学组成及其生理意义. 10 什么是终止密码子,已知的终止密码了有那些? 11 分子杂交是分子生物学重要的研究手段,在核酸分子杂交中哪些参数是研究人员设计实验时必须考虑的基本参数? 中国科学院动物研究所高级生物化学 1999 年博士研究生入学试题一, 填充题 1 主动运输的主要特点是 , , , , . 2 辅酶中 A 分子中含有 , , , . 3 线粒体 DNA 的复制方式是 , 其复制特点是 . 4 高能磷酸化物可分为 , , , . 5 糖类物质是含和化合物;常见的糖有和 ,它们分解后可分为 , , , . 6 蛋白质按其分子外型的对称程度可分为和蛋白质,按生物功能可分为 , , , , . 7 酶作为生物催化剂的特点是 , , , , . 二,解释基本概念 1 呼吸控制 2 DDRT-PCR 3 装配型质粒 4 翻译阻遏 5 离子载体 6 Seliwanoff 反应 7 茚三酮反应 8 萜类 9 蜡 10 同工酶三,问答题(任选 7 题) 1 试述逆转录酶的生物学意义. 2 简要介绍免疫系统中程序化细胞死亡. 3 简述生物膜运送的分子机理. 4 写出 20 种常见氨基酸的中文名称和三字母符号. 5 分光光度计测定蛋白质含量的基本原理是什么? 6 简述测定一种酶活力的基本原则. 7 说明磺胺药治病的基本原理. 8 举例说明激素作用原理的四种不同方式. 9 根据你的生理学,细胞生物学和分子生物学的知识, 构思一实验方案, 差异筛选和考虑克隆某器官或组织与发育或病理改变相关的特异功能基因. 中国科学院动物研究所高级生物化学 2000 年博士研究生入学试题一, 解释基本概念 1 关向异构体 2 甘油三酯 3 花生四烯酸 4 溶菌酶 5 多酶体系 6 别构酶 7 辅酶 I 和辅酶 II 8 叶酸 9 激素 10 G-蛋白 11 叶绿素 12 前列腺素 13 脱氨基作用 14 转氨酶 15 卟啉 16 密码子 17 质粒 18 基因文库 19 钙调蛋白 20 线粒体二, 回答问题 (其中 7,8 两题任选一题) 1 阐述糖蛋白及其生物功能. 2 阐述生物界蛋白质的多样性及其在生物进化和生物功能中的意义. 3 RNA 在那些类型?比较它们的结构与功能. 4 阐述生物大分子跨膜运送的方法及其作用机制. 5 试述脂蛋白的种类, 化学组成和生物功能. 6 说明真核生物的 DNA 聚合酶的种类及其生理功能. 7 根据你所掌握的知识阐述细胞质和细胞核的相互关系.中国科学院发育生物学所博士研究生入学试题中国科学院发育生物学所分子生物学 2000 年博士研究生入学试题 (一,二,三题为必答题,五和六可任选一题) 一, 请解释下列名词,并写出它们的英文术词: 1 基因家族 2 持家基因 3 同形异位盒 4 基因沉默 5 功能基因组学 6 信号肽 7 信号传递 8 细胞编程性死亡二, 限制性内切酶是如何发现的? 限制性内切酶可分成几类?如何使用限制内切酶进行分子生物学的研究? 三, 请分别列出用于蛋白质和核酸的电泳分析和分离的技术,并说明这些技术与蛋白质和核酸的性质的关系. 四, 请比较植物和动物基因工程的异同,并在你所熟悉的生物(植物或动物)的范围内探讨基因工程的前沿和瓶颈问题. 五, 获得一个功能未知的基因克隆后,怎样才能阐明该基因的功能?请你根据自己熟悉的某种真核生物提出具体的研究方案. 六, 在真核生物基因的 DNA 序列中,哪些部分的核苷酸序列的变异会影响其编码的蛋白质的结构和功能?。

2004年03月考博英语试题+答案

中国科学院2004年3月博士研究生入学考试试题PARTⅡDirections: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on21. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confrontingA. equipsB. providesC.offers22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that wasA. dispositionB. distinctionC.distribution23. Finally, let's a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to themA. stick toB. turn toC.lead to24. Smuggling is a____________activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore,A. pertinentB. fruitfulC.detrimental25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under____________ofA. guidelineB. definitionC.constraintD. iden26. The food was divided____________A. equallyB. individuallyC.sufficiently27. Horseback riding____________both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverseA. embracesB. encouragesC.exaggerates28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,____________their cleanness, toughness, and loA. by virtue ofB. in addition to29. He cannot____________the fact that he was late again for the conference at the universityA. contribute toB. account forC.identify with30. Please do not be____________by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attractA. disgustedB. embarrassedC.irritated31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a____________author writing 13 books including anA. prevalentB. precautiousC.prospective32. Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not____________the test oA. keep up withB. stand up toply with33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was____________A. successivelyB. subsequentlyC.predominantlyD. prelimi34. The book might well have____________A. worked outB. gone throughC.caught on35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management____________A. cleanupB. setupC.breakout36. The poor quality of the film ruined the____________A. ratherB. muchC.otherwise37. I'll have to____________this dress a bit before the wedding nexA. let offB. let goC.let loose38. They reached a(n)____________A. understandingB. acknowledgementC.concessionD. surrender39. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have____________about ourA. troublesB. fearsC.limitations40. If you don't want to talk to him, I'll speak to him____________A. on your accountB. on your behalfC.for your partPAET ⅢDirection: There are 15 blanks in this part of the test, read the passage through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for otherEverywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are__ 41__things men do orAlmost all fashionable clothes are__ 42__symbolic, so is food. We__ 43__our furniture to serve __ 44__visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses__ 45__the basis of a feeling that it “looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in for__ 46__models not always to get better transportation, but to give__ 47Such complicated and apparently__ 49__behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why ca n't human beings__ 50__simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative__ 51__of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no__ 52__for wanting to__ 53__to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process__ 54__instead of41. A. many B. some C. few42. A. highly B. nearly C. merely43. A. make B. get C. possess44. A. of B. for C. as45. A. on B. to C. at46. A. earlier B. later C. former47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation48. A. use B. afford C. ride49. A. useless B. impossible C. inappropriate50. A. live B. work C. stay51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity52. A. meaning B. reason C. time53. A. lead B. devote C. proceed54. A. so that B. in that C. considering that55. A. teachers B. students C. mastersPART ⅣDirections: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solaAlthough the Solar Decathlon's purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the bad weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed DOE's “SolarSince solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponentsWashington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment provides only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of returnNor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form oSolar energy has always has its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the government officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a____________B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for thA. It has revealed a mechanical proble59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because____________A. solar power plants can hardly avoid poll60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”____________61. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government____________A. admitsEvery year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an “F” to over h a lf the nation's counties and cities. When ALA's “State of the Air 2002” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALA's statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglecting to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too bad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives ofThe very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, has declined by approximately 30 percent since the 1970s. And recent gains indicate that the progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spikes are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smog capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeles, which exceeded federal smogstandards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned “F”Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F” to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal government's, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic i62.The media's response to ALA's “State of the Air 2002”can best be described as____________63. By citing figures from the EPA, the author seem to contend that____________64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to____________65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA____________A. is right to assign an “F”66. The author agrees with the ALA that____________67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be____________It was (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by “instinct” whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well-because they processinformation so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take “normal” behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal” behavior needs to be explained at all. This “instinct blindness”makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seen strange.”“It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctiveIn our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon “that would surprise their grandmothers,” and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problem we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the h68. William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more____________A. It is c70. According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologist71. The author thinks that psychology is to____________B.C. study abnormal72. The author stresses that our natural abilities are____________A. not replaced by reaB. the same as other animals'D.In her 26 years of teaching English, Shannon McCuire has seen countless misplaced commas,But the instructor at US's Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge said her job is getting harde“I kid you not, the number of errors that I've seen in the past few years have multiplied five times,”Experts say e-mail and instant messaging are at least partly to blame for an increasing indifference toward the rules of grammar“They used to at least feel guilty (about mistakes),”said Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D. C.“They didn't necessarily write a little better, but at leastIronically, Baron's latest book, “Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading,” became a victim of sloppy proofreading. The book's title is capitalized differently on the cover, spine and title page. “People used to lose their jobs over this,”she said. “And now“Whatever”describes Jeanette Henderson's attitude toward writing. The sophomore at the University of Louisiana at Monroe admits that her reliance on spell check has hurt her grades in English class. “Computer has spoiled us,”But the family and consumer sciences major believes her future bosses won't mind the mistakes as much as her professor does. “Th ey're not going to check semicolons, commas and stuff like that,” HenLSU's McGuire said she teaches her students to use distinct writing styles that fit theirShe emphasizes that there's the informal language of an e-mail to a friend, but there's also the well thouIt's not just e-Society as whole is becoming more informal. Casual wear at work used to be reserved for Friday, for example, but is now commonplace at most offices. There's also a greater emphasis on youth culture, and youth tend to use instant messaging more than adultsEnglish language has been neglected at different points in history but always rebounds. During Shakespearen times, for example, spelling wasn't considered important, and earlyThere will likely be a social force that recognizes the need for clear writing and swings theC. Students are becoming increa74. We can infer from the passage that college students____________B. mostly have very hC. It was renamedD. It caused her to lose77. According to the passage, sloppy writing____________A. parallels a social78.The word “distinct”（in boldface）in the context means____________A. clearB. differentC.A. EmailingB. Slack teachingC. Youth culture.D. Instant messaging.A. ConfiDarkness approached and a cold, angry wind gnawed at the tent like a mad dog. Camped above treeline in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming, the torrents of air were not unexpected and only a minor disturbance compared to the bestial gnawing going on behind my belly button. In an attempt to limit exposure of my bare bottom to the ice-toothed storm, I had pre-dug a half dozen catholes within dashing distance. Over and over, through the long night, the same scenario was repeated: out of the bay, out of the tent, rush squat, rush back.“Everyone can master a grief,”wrote Shakespeare,Diarrhea, the modern word, resembles the old Greek expression for “a flowing through.”Ancient Egyptian do ctors left descriptions of the suffering of Pharaohs scratched on papyrus even before Hippocrates, the old Greek, gave it a name few people can spell correctly. An equal opportunity affliction, diarrhea has laid low kings and common men, women, and children for at least as long as historians have recorded such fascinating trivia. It wiped out, almost, more soldiers in America's Civil War that guns and sword. In the developing world today, acute diarrhea strikes more than one billion humans every year, and leaves more than five million dead, usually the very young. Diarrhea remains one of the two most common m“Frequent passage of unformed watery bowel movements,”as described by Taver's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, diarrhea falls into two broad types: invasive and non-invasive. From bacterial sources, invasive diarrhea, sometimes called “dysentery,”attacks the lower intestinal wall causing inflammation, abscesses, and ulcers that may lead to mucus and blood (often “black blood” from the action of digestive juices) in the stools, high fever, “stomach” cramsfrom the depths of hell, and significant amounts of body fluid rushing from the patient's nether region. Serious debilitation, even death, can occur from the resulting dehydration and from the spread of the bacteria to other parts of the body. Non-invasive diarrheas grow from colonies of microscopic evil-doers that set up housekeeping on, but do not invade, intestinal walls. Toxins released by the colonies cause cramps, nausea, vomiting, and massive gushes of fluid from the patient's lower intestinal tract. Non-81.In Paragraph 1, the author uses the quoted word “grief”from Shakespeare to refer to____________A. the ter82. According to the description in Paragraph 1, which of the following did the author NOT do atB. Camping in the mounta83. Who first gave the disease the name84. According to Paragraph 2____________D. the elderly are more likely attacked by diarrhea than85. The invasive diarrhea and the non-invasive diarrhea are different in that____________C. the former makes the patPART ⅤDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet ⅡThe aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. 1I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of view were appalling.Such persons have erudition (the quality of being knowledgeable), but no discernment, or taste. Erudition is a merematter of stuffing fact or information, while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. 2. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste or discernment.This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretation of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say, has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts and details, is the easiest of all things. 3.There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. 4. Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an independence of judgment, and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form of fraud, social, political, literary, artistic, or academic.There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of frauds: fame frauds, wealth frauds, patriotic frauds, political frauds, religious frauds and fraud poets, fraud artists, fraud dictators and frauds psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels(肠道) during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation(便秘) leads to stinginess of character, all that a man with taste can do is to feel amused. 5. When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.PART ⅥDirections: Write an essay of no less than 200 wors on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet ⅡSome people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reasons.试题详解第二部分词汇21.A provide, satisfy和offer三个动词之后都不跟动词不定式。

2022年上海理工大学信息管理与信息系统专业《计算机网络基础》科目期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年上海理工大学信息管理与信息系统专业《计算机网络基础》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、因特网采用的核心技术是（）。

A.TCP/IPB.局域网技术C.远程通信技术D.光纤技术2、数据段的TCP报头中为什么包含端口号（）。

A.指示转发数据段时应使用正确的路由器接口B.标识接收或转发数据段时应使用的交换机端口C.让接收主机以正确的顺序组装数据报D.让接收主机转发数据到适当的应用程序3、在TCP/IP网络中，为各种公共服务保留的端口号范围是（）。

A.1~255B.0~1023C.1~1024D.1~655354、CSMA协议可以利用多种监听算法来减小发送冲突的概率，下列关于各种监听算法的描述中，正确的是（）。

A.非坚持型监听算法有利于减少网络空闲时间B.1-坚持型监听算法有利于减少冲突的概率C.P-坚持型监听算法无法减少网络的空闲时间D.1-坚持型监听算法能够及时抢占信道5、一个通过以太网传送的IP分组有60B长，其中包括所有头部。

若没有使用LLC，则以太网帧中需要（）填充字节。

A.4字节B.1440字节C.0字节D.64字节6、以下关于集线器的说法正确的是（）.A.集线器不能延伸网络可操作的距离B.集线器不能过滤网络流量C.集线器不能在网络上发送变弱的信号D.集线器不能放大变弱的信号7、下列关于单模光纤的描述中，正确的是（）A.单模光纤的成本比多模光纤的成本低B.单模光纤传输距离比多模光纤短C.光在单模光纤中通过内部反射来传播D.单模光纤的直径一般比多模光纤小8、下列关于FTP的描述，（）存在错误。

A.FTP协议可以在不同类型的操作系统之间传送文件B.FTP协议并不适合用在两台计算机之间共享读写文件C.FTP协议的控制连接用于传送命令，而数据连接用于传送文件D.FTP 既可以使用TCP，也可以使用UDP，因为FTP本身具备差错控制能力9、在万维网服务中，用户的信息查询可以从一台Web服务器自动搜索到另一台Webi 服务器，这里所使用的技术是（）。

各个专业博士入学考试试题整理

各个专业博士入学考试试题整理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------【考试试题】各个专业博士入学考试试题整理各个专业博士入学考试试题整理给出目录索引，方便大家查找北京大学——英语2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm北京大学——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm河北师范大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm华东师范大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm华东政法大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm理工大学工程兵工程学院——英语2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt清华大学——英语2000年5月博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京师范大学——高级生态学、景观生态学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京体育大学——运动生物力学、教学论2003年博士研究生入学考试.txt复旦大学——广播电视理论与实务2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻传播理论与历史2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻传播实务2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻业务2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华东师范大学——景观生态学2000～2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华东师范大学——种群生态学2000～2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt清华大学——材料科学基础专业2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院化学所——高分子化学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院化学所——高分子物理2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.mht中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2002年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2003年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.mht中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2003年度秋博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院水生生物研究所——植物生理学2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院遥感所——RS，GIS试题2000～2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业大学——动物营养学1997～2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业大学——饲料学1996年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中国农业大学——饲料学1997年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学——比较文学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——古代文学魏晋隋唐方向2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——汉语言文字学部分小综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——汉语言文字学专业2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学经济学院——经济计量学2005博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——历史文化2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——魏晋隋唐2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——哲学专业博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——中文当代文学专业1999年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——古代文学魏晋南北朝方向2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——金融学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学经济学院——经济学基础2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——文史哲综合2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 复旦大学——文史哲综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 复旦大学——哲学综合知识2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南京大学——历史系中国古代史2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——社会学理论与方法2001～2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——政治经济学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南开大学——古代文学考试文学史2004年博士研究生入学考试南开大学——古代文学专业批评史2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学——中国文学史试题2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海财经大学——经济学2004博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海财经大学——2000博士研究生入学考试试题.txt武汉大学——比较文学与世界文学专题2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt西北大学——西方经济学2004年年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学——西方经济学2003年秋博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学——政治经济学2003年春、秋博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术概论2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术概论2005年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术史2005年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——自然科学知识综合试卷2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国人民大学——民法2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国人民大学——民诉1993～2004年博士研究生入学考试试北京大学医学部——病理学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学医学部——生物化学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学医学部——外科学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学医学部——影像学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 第三军医大学——心内2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt第三军医大学——影像1999～2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt河北医科大学——神经病学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 华东师范大学——生理生态学2000年、生态学原理2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华中科技大学同济医学院——骨科2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt吉林大学——神经科2003博士研究生入学考试试题.txt解放军总医院——泌尿外科2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 军事医学科学院——细胞生物学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南方医科大学——免疫学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南方医科大学——细胞生物学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——病理生理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——病理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 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中山大学医学院——神经病学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——眼科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中山大学医学院——药理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中山大学医学院——肿瘤学2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——肿瘤学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt。

2004年(秋)笔试试卷及答案解析

Mayfly 2004 年（秋）笔试试卷参考答案及解析江苏省高等学校非计算机专业学生计算机基础知识和应用能力等级考试二级Visual Basic 语言程序设计2004 年（秋）笔试试卷（考试时间120 分钟，满分60 分）第一部分计算机基础知识（1）在下列有关不同进位制系统的叙述中，错误的是__________ 。

A ）在计算机中所有的信息均以二进制编码存储B ）任何进位制的整数均可精确地用其他任一进位制表示C）任何进位制的小数均可精确地用其他任一进位制表示D ）十进制小数转换成二进制小数，可以采取“乘以2 取整”法（2 ）在下列有关汉字编码字符集的叙述中，错误的是__________ 。

A ）GB 2312-80 是我国颁布最早的汉字编码字符集标准，它包含6 000 多个汉字B ）UCS-2 （unicode ）编码标准中，西文字符采用单字节编码，汉字用双字节或四字节编码C）汉字扩展内码规范（GBK）保持与GB 23 12—80 字符集的汉字编码完全兼容D ）BIG5 字符集是一种繁体汉字字符集，它包含10 000 多个汉字（3）在下列有关PC 机物理组成的叙述中，错误的是__________ 。

A ）通常所说的主机空机箱，一般包含电源盒B ）系统板也称为主板或大底板，一般包含BIOS 和CMOS 集成电路芯片C）系统板上的内存插槽一般只有一个，扩展内存只能通过更换内存条进行D ）一块系统板上通常包含多种类型的I/O 接口（4 ）为了使计算机有较高的性能/价格比，现代计算机均采用由多种存储器组成的层次式结构体系。

在下列存储器中，其存取周期一般为毫秒级的是__________ 。

A ）Cache 存储器B ）主存储器C ）硬盘D ）磁带（库）（5）1991 年Intel 公司提出的PCI 局部总线标准（工作频率为33MHz），因其高性能、低成本，目前仍广泛使用。

当数据线宽度为64 位时，其传输速率约为__________ 。

全国各大高校博士研究生入学考试英语作文试题

清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the follo wing outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

2. 使我难忘的原因是。

3. 它对我后来的影响是。

北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: (15%)Topic: Write in 250～300 words about China s auto industry.北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part FiveWritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part SixWritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”中国人民大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “Social Sciences a nd the Humanities should Play a More Important Role in the 21st Century”.中国人民大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.武汉大学2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅥWriting (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a compositon entitled Pressures of Modern Man in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.1. 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力2. 压力的来源3. 如何减轻自己的压力武汉大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ. Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your compositon should be based on the following outlines.1. 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了。

2004年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2004年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Listening Comprehension (15 points)Part ADirections:in Part A you will hear short conversations between two people, After each conversations, you will hear a question. The conversations andquestions will not be repeated, After you hear a question, read the fourpossible answers in your test book and choose the best answer.1. A. She wants the bakery to bake the cake.B. She baked the cake herself,C. The bakery made it for her.D. She had to ask the bakery to bake the cake.2. A. Plumber.B. Laundry worker.C. Carpenter.D. Train conductor.3. A. By the window.B. At the airport.C. At a store.D. In a bank.4. A. They’re going to be in Washington at eight.B. She doesn’t know how long they’ll have to wait.C. They’re going to be very late.D. The train doesn’t go near Washington.5. A. He doesn’t care for cars.B. tie keeps his car in good condition.C. He is careless with his car.D. He likes to keep good cars.6. A. Only a few strawberries will be eaten at lunch.B. It’s almost time for lunch.C. There are just enough strawberries for lunch.D. Now is not a good time for strawberries.7. A. Unconcerned.B. Responsible.C. Confused.D. Upset.Part B.Directions: In this section you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions, Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, youmust choose the best answer from tire four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark tire corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a singleline through the center.Passage 1.8. A. A driving instructor.B. A university administrator.C. A clerical worker.D. A business executive.9. A. Truck driver.B. University employees.C. Insurance agents.D. College students.10. A. To become better workers.B. To learn how to drive defensively.C. To receive orientation for new employees.D. To learn how to repair university vehicles.11. A. The afternoon.B. Midday.C. The morning.D. The evening.Passage 2.12. A. To solve telecommunication problems on-and-off campus.B. To notify university administrators of newtelecommunication regulations.C. To train campus personnel on the use of a newcommunication system,D. To design and develop a new computerized datastorage system.13. A. A lack of extension numbers.B. Inadequate technical assistance.C. Too many complicated features.D. Slow speed of service.14. A. Sophisticated telephone jacks.B. Call waiting.C. Automatic memory redialD. Quicker response time.15. A. Until a new system can be found.B. For only a few years.C. Between two and three months.D. For a number of decades.【答案】略Part II Vocabulary (20 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. His career ______ in his appointment as director.A. contaminatedB. culminatedC. contractedD. contacted【答案】B【解析】contaminate污染，是一个及物动词。

博士研究生入学考试试题及答案解析

中南大学2005 博士研究生入学考试试题答案及解析Entrance English Test for PhD Programs (2005)Paper OneDirections:There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1．Sometimes very young children have trouble ______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A．separating B．having separatedC．to separate D．of separating2．Anthropology is a science______ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.A．in that B．now thatC．since that D．no that3．With all these exacerbating tensions of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was too much to expect that lawmakers, prime ministers, and presidents could understand, ______agree on , how to obtain this explosive mixture.A．even if B．so as toB．even more D．much less4．After every guest _______, the host had the dishes served.A．was sitting B．was seatedC．was seating D．was sat5．_______traffic delays, you had better start earlier if you want to catch 818 for New York city.A．Regardless of B．Attributing toC．Allowing for D．Under the spell of6．Now a paper in science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from____ on earth than bacteria on Mars.A．configuration B．constitutionC．condemnation D．contamination7．Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents something _____ in human nature.A．blatant B．philanthropicC．distressful D．intractable8．Most people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, not only can be fascinating but also_____.A．primeval B．legitimateC．newfangled D．beneficent9．In nature we know that wild creatures sometimes exhaust their vital sources and suffer thenatural _______; drastic population reductions.A．capacity B．erosionC．remedy D．amenity10．The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping Tom from ______ the proposal.A．lining up B．lying behindC．chiming in D．drifting into11．Monetary Union is a huge economic undertaking ---but it is not just about economics. It is a step with _____political implications-----but it is not just politics.A．stupendous B．bruisingC．tectonic C．internecine12．Since _____firms are more fragile than most other traditional ones, they are even more vulnerable to economy-wide swings.A．inconsistent B．moderateC．nascent D．weird13．To the cynic, there are no wholly altruistic, unselfish acts; every human deed is _____ an ulterior selfish motive.A．independent of B．emulated byC．disguised as D．founded upon14．He keeps his petrol receipts because petrol is one of the expenses that he can ______ against taxes.A．dazzle B．offsetC．circumvent D．impartial15．A university training enables a graduate to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a ______of thought.A．line B．strandC．mass D．plethora16．New technologies have often brought with them complex and ______ moral and social difficulties.A．vexing B．psychicC．alienated D．somatic17．The Lewis and Clark expedition left St. Louis in 1804 and traveled 7,700 miles_____ the Pacific Coast.A．on way to B．on route toC．returning to D．in line to18．The Bessemer process was once the most common method of making steel, but today this process is considered______.A．obsolete B．ellipticalC．oval D．eligible19．The other worry is that the entrepreneur will be forced to go public too early, so the venture capitalist can _____ his investment.A．deflate B．pad aroundC．recoup D．cash out20．In almost every country, drug abuse, child abuse and alcohol abuse _______most challenging social problems.A．preoccupied with B．displaced to beC．lend credence to D．loom as1．A．句意：有时小孩在分清现实和虚幻方面存在困难，他们可能认为那样的事情真正存在。

整理-博士生资格考试历年考题

2004年资格考试一、简答题1. 溶化金属为何要有一定的过冷度才能观察到析晶现象？2. 陶瓷烧结后期晶粒长大的动力是什么？3. 为什么纯固体相变总是放热反应？二、滑移、孪生、形变带，这三种缺陷如何从形貌上来判断。

三、应变-硬化、弥散-硬化、晶粒细化，这三种强化机制的异同点。

四、三元相图中，垂直截面的线与二元相图中的线有何区别，能否应用杠杆定律，在什么情况下适用？五、纯金属在凝固、溶解、固-液平衡过程中Gibbs自由能与焓变关系图。

六、某金属熔点为600度，问在590度时，凝固能否自发进行，并求此时的熵变。

（已知凝固热ΔH）七、关于配分函数，已知Cp，证明U和Cv的关系式。

八、Au和Ag的晶格常数为0.408和0.409，问1.在Au基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；2.在Au（111）基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；3.在Au（111）基体上，用外延生长的方法生长Ag的（111）面，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；九、透射电镜衍射，如为单晶，则衍射花样为规则排列的斑点，如为单晶，则衍射花样为环。

如有一一维无限长单原子链，用一束电子垂直照射，会出现什么样的衍射花样。

十、单晶Si上镀一层的SiC薄膜，设计一个试验方案分析SiC薄膜的厚度，成份和结构。

2005年4月资格考试（可能）1.说明|Fs|、|Ls|、I电子的含义及其物理意义。

（10分）2.简述双面法测滑移面指数的原理。

（10分）3.给出8个2seita角，判断晶体结构，计算晶格常数a，写出出现衍射线的面族。

（10分）4.某单晶体，X射线沿[0 -1 0]方向入射，晶体[-1 0 0 ]方向竖直，[0 0 1]方向平行于底片。

（a）（-3 -1 0）面一级反射X光的波长。

（b）底片与晶体相距5cm，求劳厄斑在底片上的位置。

（12分）5.Ag、Fe的混合粉末，固溶度极小。

计算在2seita属于[45，110]范围内衍射线条数。

XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)

XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)XXX的博士入学考试历年试题包括教育学、训练学和运动生理。

但是由于往年的英语试题无法获取，考生们对于考试的题型一开始完全不了解。

后来通过多条渠道，考生们才了解到了英语试题的题型。

现在的英语试题包括词汇题、完形填空、阅读理解、英语翻译汉语、汉语翻译英语和作文。

在复词汇时，考生们以为考博至少应该是6级以上的，因此复时以6级和考研词汇为主。

但是当看到题目后才发现自己的复思路错了。

大部分的词汇都是词组，6级词汇一个都没有出现。

例如，第一道题是关于hang on、hang up等词汇辨析，题目大意是一个人在打电话，然后说：“我去拿一下笔和纸”。

因此，基本上20道题都是考这种词组辨析。

此外，还有考语法，考生们猜到了基本要考倒装和虚拟。

因此，这两部分搞清楚了语法应该可以拿得下来。

完形填空就没有什么好讲的了，因为题量大，基本每道题目都是只看一遍。

所以完型填空考得什么内容也想不起来了。

但是总体感觉完型填空不会很难，不会到那种你自己都看晕的地步。

阅读理解虽然有6篇，但是并不是每篇篇幅都很长。

这次第5篇阅读很短，好像我记忆中只有两三个小问题。

但是考生们需要注意的是，阅读理解的难度会逐渐增加。

英语翻译汉语和汉语翻译英语都是比较基础的题型，但是需要注意的是翻译的准确性和语言表达的流畅度。

作文的分值只有15分，但是也需要注意语言的表达和逻辑性。

Recently。

a student shared their XXX taking the Beijing Sport University entrance exam。

XXX。

vocabulary。

XXX。

The student found that the exam was manageable。

XXX。

and the XXX。

the exam was not overly difficult。

but it is XXX.1、分析不同运动强度下肌肉糖原的利用情况及其对运动表现的影响。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the entrance exam for PhD students. It's like a super-duper hard test that you have to take to get into a special school to learn even more cool stuff!First, let's talk about the English test. It's all about reading, writing, listening, and speaking. You have to be really good at English to pass this part of the exam. They might ask you to read a passage and then answer some questions about it. Or they might ask you to write an essay about a topic. And don't forget about the speaking part, where you have to talk to the examiners and show off your English skills!But don't worry, I have some tips to help you pass the English test. First, make sure you practice a lot before the exam. Read books, watch English movies, and talk to your friends in English. The more you practice, the better you'll do on the test. Second, try to relax and stay calm during the exam. Don't let your nerves get the best of you. And lastly, believe in yourself!You are smart and capable, and you can do anything you set your mind to.In conclusion, the PhD entrance exam is tough, but with hard work and practice, you can pass with flying colors. Good luck to all the future PhD students out there! You got this!篇2Title: Dr. Researcher Entrance Examination English Test Questions and ExplanationHello everyone! Today, I'm going to share some super cool English test questions for the entrance examination of becoming a doctor researcher. Are you ready to show off your English skills? Let's dive in!Question 1: What is the capital of the United States?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. Washington,D.C.D. ChicagoExplanation: The correct answer is C. Washington, D.C. It's the capital where the White House is located!Question 2: What is the largest ocean in the world?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Pacific OceanD. Arctic OceanExplanation: The correct answer is C. Pacific Ocean. It's super big and covers a lot of the Earth!Question 3: Complete the sentence: "I ________ to the park yesterday."A. goB. goesC. wentD. goingExplanation: The correct answer is C. went. We use "went" for past actions that already happened.Question 4: What is the past tense of the verb "eat"?A. eatedB. eatingC. ateD. eatExplanation: The correct answer is C. ate. We use "ate" to talk about something we already ate in the past.Question 5: Rearrange the following words to make a sentence: "school / go / I / to / every / day."A. I every school go day toB. To school I go every dayC. Every day I go to schoolD. Go every day to I schoolExplanation: The correct answer is C. Every day I go to school. It's important to go to school every day to learn new things!Wow, you did an amazing job answering those questions! Keep practicing your English skills, and one day you may become a doctor researcher. Good luck!篇3I'm sorry, but I cannot provide a sample text of 2000 words or more as it would be too lengthy. However, I can provide abrief sample text to give you an idea of what the article could look like:Title: The Doctoral Entrance Exam for Primary School StudentsHey everyone! Today I'm gonna talk about the super tough test that all the big kids have to take when they wanna become a doctor of science. It's called the doctoral entrance exam, and it's like the ultimate challenge for smart cookies who wanna keep learning and researching cool stuff.The exam has all sorts of tricky questions that test your brain power and make you think really hard. Like, they might ask you about molecules and atoms, or maybe even about stars and planets in outer space. It's like a big puzzle that you have to solve with your super smart brain.But don't worry, you can totally ace this test if you study hard and pay attention in class. Just make sure to read lots of books, ask your teachers for help, and maybe even join a study group with your friends. With a little bit of effort and determination, you can totally crush this exam and become a doctor of science like a boss!So keep on dreaming big, my fellow primary school pals. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be the next big scientist who discovers something super cool and changes the world. The sky's the limit when you believe in yourself and work hard towards your goals. Go get 'em, future doctors!I hope this gives you an idea of how to write the full article. Let me know if you need any more help!篇4Title: Doctoral Entrance Exam: Sample English Test Questions and Detailed ExplanationHey guys! Today we are going to talk about the entrance exam for doctoral students. It's like a super hard test that you have to take before you can start studying for your doctorate. But don't worry, we are here to help you prepare for it!Let's start with some sample English test questions:Question 1: Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: I am good ___ playing the piano.A) withB) atC) inD) forExplanation: The correct answer is B) at. We use "at" when talking about skills or abilities, like playing the piano.Question 2: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: She _______ a doctor when she grows up.A) wantB) wantsC) wantedD) wantExplanation: The correct answer is B) wants. We use "wants" with he, she, and it to talk about something in the future.Question 3: Which of the following is a synonym for "happy"?A) sadB) angryC) joyfulD) tiredExplanation: The correct answer is C) joyful. Happy and joyful both mean feeling good or pleased.Question 4: Identify the adverb in the following sentence: She sings beautifully.A) beautifullyB) singsC) sheD) theExplanation: The correct answer is A) beautifully. Adverbs describe how something is done, like beautifully describes how she sings.Now let's move on to some grammar questions:Question 5: Rewrite the following sentence in the past tense: I eat pizza every Friday.Answer: I ate pizza every Friday.Question 6: Correct the following sentence: He don't like swimming.Answer: He doesn't like swimming.Question 7: Choose the correct form of the verb "to be" in the following sentence: She _______ a great teacher.A) amB) isC) areD) wasAnswer: B) is. Use "is" with she, he, and it.Phew! That was a lot of questions! But I hope you guys learned something new today. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep studying and you'll do great on your doctoral entrance exam. Good luck, future doctors!篇5Sorry, I can't provide a pre-written essay with a specific word count as requested. However, I can offer some tips on how a primary school student might approach preparing for the entrance exam for a PhD program in English:1. Start by improving your English language skills, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It's important to have a strong foundation in the language to succeed in a PhD program.2. Familiarize yourself with academic writing styles and formats. Learn how to cite sources properly and write in a scholarly manner.3. Practice solving critical thinking and analytical reasoning questions. These are often part of the entrance exam for a PhD program.4. Brush up on your knowledge of research methods and statistics. These are essential skills for conducting research at the doctoral level.5. Review sample questions and past exam papers to get a sense of the types of questions that may appear on the exam.6. Seek guidance from your teachers or a tutor if you need help preparing for the exam. They can provide valuable tips and resources to help you succeed.7. Lastly, stay positive and confident in your abilities. Believe in yourself and your potential to excel in the PhD program.Remember, the journey to becoming a PhD student may be challenging, but with hard work and dedication, you can achieve your goals. Good luck!篇6As a primary school student, it might be a little difficult for me to write an essay about "PhD Entrance Exam English Question and Explanation" with over 2000 words, but I will give it a try.Question 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage: The benefits of exercise are well-known to everyone. It helps to keep our bodies healthy and strong. Exercise also has mental benefits, such as reducing stress and improving mood. Some studies have even shown that regular exercise can improve memory and focus.Questions:1. What are some benefits of exercise?2. How can exercise help with mental health?3. What have studies shown about the effects of exercise on memory and focus?Explanation: The passage talks about the benefits of exercise, both physical and mental. Exercise can help keep our bodies healthy and strong, reduce stress, improve mood, and even enhance memory and focus.Question 2: GrammarFill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:1. She __________ (study) for her PhD entrance exam for months.2. They __________ (not, finish) their research yet.3. By next year, I __________ (complete) my thesis.Explanation: The correct answers are: 1. has been studying, 2. have not finished, 3. will have completed. These sentences use the present perfect continuous, present perfect, and future perfect tenses respectively.Question 3: WritingWrite a short paragraph about why you want to pursue a PhD and what you hope to achieve with it.Explanation: In this question, you need to express your personal reasons for wanting to pursue a PhD and what your goals are. This can include your passion for a specific subject, desire to contribute to research, or career aspirations.In conclusion, the PhD entrance exam English test is designed to assess your reading comprehension, grammar skills, and writing abilities. By preparing well and practicing, you canace the exam and move forward in your academic journey. Good luck!篇7As a primary school student, I would like to introduce the entrance exam for doctoral students in a more conversational and informal way.Hey guys, have you ever wondered what it's like to take the entrance exam to become a doctorate student? Well, let me tell you all about it! So, basically, the exam is all about testing your English skills, your research abilities, and your critical thinking.First up, the English test. You'll have to show off your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You might have to read some complicated passages, write essays on challenging topics, listen to lectures, and even have a conversation with the examiners. It can be pretty tough, but hey, you've got this!Next, the research part. You'll probably have to present your research ideas and discuss them with the examiners. You'll need to show that you have a clear understanding of your chosen field and that you're ready to take on the challenges of doctoral research. Don't worry if you're feeling a bit nervous, just be confident and show them what you've got!And finally, the critical thinking section. This is where you'll have to analyze and evaluate information, solve problems, and think outside the box. The examiners want to see that you can think critically and creatively, so make sure you're ready to put your thinking cap on and impress them with your skills!So there you have it, the entrance exam for doctoral students in a nutshell. It's definitely a challenge, but with hard work, determination, and a positive attitude, you can ace this exam and start your journey towards becoming a doctorate student. Good luck, future scholars!篇8Title: Doctoral Entrance Exam English test questions and explanations for elementary school studentsHey guys! Today, I'm going to share with you some super cool doctoral entrance exam English test questions and explanations. Are you ready? Let's get started!Question 1: What is the difference between a Ph.D. and a Master's degree?Explanation: A Ph.D. is a higher level of education than a Master's degree. A Ph.D. requires more research andindependent study, while a Master's degree is more focused on coursework.Question 2: How would you describe your research interests in English?Explanation: This question is asking you to talk about the topics you are interested in studying and researching. You could say something like, "I am interested in studying environmental science and finding ways to protect our planet."Question 3: What are some qualities that make a good researcher?Explanation: A good researcher is curious, hardworking, and persistent. They are also good at problem-solving and communication.Question 4: Can you give an example of a research project you would like to work on?Explanation: This question is asking you to talk about a specific project you would like to work on. For example, you could say, "I want to research ways to improve access to clean water in developing countries."Question 5: How important is collaboration in research?Explanation: Collaboration is very important in research because it allows researchers to share ideas, resources, and expertise. Working together can lead to bigger and better discoveries.So there you have it, some fun and interesting doctoral entrance exam English test questions and explanations. I hope you found them helpful and inspiring. Keep studying hard and chasing your dreams! Good luck!篇9I'm sorry, but I am unable to generate such a lengthy text at the moment. How about I summarize some key points about the entrance exam for a doctoral program in English?The entrance exam for a doctoral program in English usually consists of multiple parts, including written exams, interviews, and possibly a research proposal. The written exam may test your knowledge of English literature, linguistics, and research methods. You may also be required to write an essay on a given topic or analyze a text.In the interview portion of the exam, you may be asked about your academic background, research interests, and reasons for pursuing a doctoral degree in English. It is importantto be prepared to discuss your previous work and how it relates to your future research goals.In addition, you may be asked to submit a research proposal outlining your intended research project for the doctoral program. This proposal should demonstrate your ability to formulate a clear research question, provide a literature review, and outline your methodology.Overall, the entrance exam for a doctoral program in English is designed to assess your readiness for advanced academic study and research in the field. It is important to study the exam materials carefully and prepare thoroughly in order to succeed. Good luck!篇10As a primary school student, it might be difficult for me to understand everything about the doctoral entrance exam for graduate students, but I will do my best to explain it in a simple and fun way!First of all, the doctoral entrance exam in English usually consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. They are designed to test your English skills and abilities in different areas.In the listening section, you will listen to recordings of conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear. It's important to pay attention and try to understand the main ideas and details.The reading section will require you to read passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to focus on the main ideas, key information, and details in the texts.In the writing section, you will need to write essays or short responses to prompts. Remember to organize your ideas clearly, use proper grammar and vocabulary, and support your points with examples.Lastly, the speaking section will assess your ability to communicate in English. You may have to participate in conversations, give presentations, or respond to questions orally. Practice speaking English confidently and fluently.To prepare for the doctoral entrance exam, you can study English vocabulary, grammar, and listening skills. Practice listening to English podcasts or watching English movies to improve your listening comprehension. Reading English books, articles, and essays will help you improve your reading skills. And don't forget to practice speaking English with friends or teachers.Remember, the key to success in the doctoral entrance exam is to be well-prepared, stay confident, and do your best! Good luck with your exam, future doctoral students!。

考博英语词汇历年真题试卷汇编29_真题-无答案

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编29(总分50,考试时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1. **pany used so much coal that it has a train to______the delivery process. (2004年上海理工大学考博试题)A. transmitB. transportC. facilitateD. diminish2. Some social critics took a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century, believing that it______a harsh, crude life-style.(2011年南京大学考博试题)A. eradicatedB. facilitatedC. releasedD. imagined3. He has the______ of saying the right thing at the right time.A. abilityB. facultyC. forceD. capacity4. I can't drive this car as I am not ______with its controls.A. contentB. familiarC. satisfiedD. aware5. Some of the old______ conceived by science fiction writers about the space age **ing true.A. fantasiesB. talesC. legendsD. propositions6. Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer______about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail. (2009年北京大学考博试题)A. fantasizingB. fascinatingC. facilitatingD. finalizing7. She had some______ idea that I was poisoning her.A. imaginativeB. abnormalC. subjectiveD. fantastic8. Anything to do with old myths and legends ______ me.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A. facilitatesB. immersesC. fascinatesD. indulges9. That style of hat first came into ______ when I was a small boy.A. marketB. appearanceC. fashionD. practice10. She was pale with ______ after working for three shifts in succession.A. coldB. frightC. emotionD. fatigue11. We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.(2008年北京大学考博试题)A. favoredB. favorableC. favoriteD. favoring12. The mother is told that her child is desperately ill— the chances of survival are slim, and the treatment is asdreadfulas the disease.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)A. incurableB. fearfulC. impossibleD. troublesome13. Your plan sounds very attractive, but I don't think it's ______.A. possibleB. probableC. naturalD. feasible14. Several trial efforts in the 1980s proved that it was financially ______ to restore old buildings.(2003年北京大学考博试题)A. feasibleB. probableC. beneficiaryD. passable15. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial ______.A. markB. traceC. featureD. appearance16. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they can disappear at any moment.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A. trivialB. fatalC. tentativeD. feeble17. From ancient times, the valley of the Nile has been made______by the river's floods.A. fertileB. adequateC. wealthyD. abundant18. I much prefer factual books such as biographies to______ of any kind.A. imaginationB. fictionC. narrationD. romantics19. On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls aresaturatedwith shoppers in a **petition for last minute gifts.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A. bustledB. soaredC. filledD. broadened20. **panies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to______ enterprises.A. movableB. changingC. flexibleD. varying21. I'm sure that she'll cope with the changes very well; she is very______.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A. elasticB. brittleC. adaptableD. flexible22. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak ______ Chinese. (2013年厦门大学考博试题)A. fluidB. smoothC. fluentD. flowing23. The girl ______ when she couldn't answer the question in the presence of all her classmates.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)A. flourishedB. flatteredC. flushedD. fluttered24. The waste pipe is blocked, try ______ it out with hot water, or just call the plumper to do it.(2006年中国矿业大学考博试题)A. blushingB. crushingC. brushingD. flushing25. Sitting still all day is______to a healthy boy's nature.A. foreignB. strangeC. incompatibleD. inconsistent。

计算机考博试题

计算机考博试题计算理论字母表：一个有穷的符号集合。

字母表上的字符串是该字母表中的符号的有穷序列。

一个字符串的长度是它作为序列的长度。

连接反转Kleene星号L* ，连接L中0个或多个字符串得到的所有字符串的集合。

有穷自动机：描述能力和资源极其有限的计算机模型。

有穷自动机是一个5元组M=(K,∑,δ,s,F),其中1）K是一个有穷的集合，称为状态集2）∑是一个有穷的集合，称为字母表3）δ是从KX∑→K的函数，称为转移函数4）s∈K是初始状态5）F?K是接收状态集M接收的语言是M接收的所有字符串的集合，记作L(M).对于每一台非确定型有穷自动机，有一台等价的确定型有穷自动机有穷自动机接受的语言在并、连接、Kleene星号、补、交运算下是封闭的。

每一台非确定型有穷自动机都等价于某一台确定型有穷自动机。

一个语言是正则的当且仅当它被有穷自动机接受。

正则表达式：称R是一个正则表达式，如果R是1）a，这里a是字母表∑中的一个元素。

2）ε，只包含一个字符串空串的语言3），不包含任何字符串的语言4)(R1∪R2),这里R1和R2是正则表达式5）(R10R2),这里R1和R2是正则表达式6）(R1*),这里R1*是正则表达式一个语言是正则的当且仅当可以用正则表达式描述。

2000年4月1、根据图灵机理论,说明现代计算机系统的理论基础。

1936年，图灵向伦敦权威的数学杂志投了一篇论文，题为《论数字计算在决断难题中的应用》。

在这篇开创性的论文中，图灵给“可计算性”下了一个严格的数学定义，并提出著名的“图灵机”(Turing Machine)的设想。

“图灵机”不是一种具体的机器，而是一种思想模型，可制造一种十分简单但运算能力极强的计算机装置，用来计算所有能想像得到的可计算函数。

这个装置由下面几个部分组成：一个无限长的纸带，一个读写头。

（中间那个大盒子），内部状态（盒子上的方块，比如A,B,E,H），另外，还有一个程序对这个盒子进行控制。

2004年华东师大博士生英语入学试卷

2004年华东师大博士生英语入学试卷考1）本考卷共包括九大项，共 19 页。

考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。

试 2）试卷中 Paper One 各项答案按相应题号一律用铅笔划线填入答题卡。

须 3）Paper Two 各项用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。

知Paper OnePart I. Listening Comprehension ( 15 % )Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which one is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the center.Example: You will hear:M: Is it possible for you to work late? Miss Grey?W: Work late? I suppose so, if you really think it is necessary.Q: Where do you think this conversation most probably took place?You will read:A. At the office.B. In the waiting room.C. At the airport.D. In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore a) At the office is the best answer. You should choose answer a. on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a pencil.1. A. The man better practice harder.B. The man should not give up.C. The man should stop trying to be a superstar.D. The man better practice a new style.2. A. Help the woman but only unwillingly.B. Not help move items for the woman.C. Help move things to Mr. Nelson’s office.D. Cancel his appointment at Mr. Nelson’s office.3. A. They are on a date.B. They are at a harmonious meeting.C. They are at a meeting with a controversy.D. They are late to the meeting.4. A. Ask for more money from the student loan.B. Find a job to earn some money.C. Be more realistic with his money.D. Stop worrying about his money.5. A. See both of them one after another.B. Phone the theater for opinion.C. Toss a coin to decide.D. Go somewhere else instead.6. A. Volunteering needs special skills.B. V olunteering needs physical work.C. V olunteering requires a time commitment.D. Volunteering requires a financial commitment.7. A. Dorms are not as cheap as he thinks.B. Dorms are not as spacious as he thinks.C. Dorms are not as available as he thinks.D. Dorms are not as convenient as he thinks.8. A. The amount of paper he used might be worth the cost.B. It will be a good lesson for him to study harder.C. The amount of effort he made will become useful.D. The preparation of the paper should be finished soon.9. A. Sleeping early is good for oneself.B. Rising early takes time to become easy.C. Jogging is difficult to be routine.D. Walking in the park is not as easy as it seems.10. A. It is sure to be ready on Thursday.B. It is still not ready.C. It was already ready on Thursday.D. It was too difficult to fix it.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. His friend bought them for him.B. He bought them himself.C. He booked them quite a while ago.D. He got them free of charge.12. A. Her husband was taking her out to the theater.B. Her husband had got her a job in his office.C. Her husband was going to buy her some nice gifts.D. Her husband had found his lost money.13. A. He had lost the tickets for the theater.B. He had lost his briefcase.C. He had left his briefcase at home.D. He had left the tickets in the office.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. Lack of electricity.B. Shortage of books.C. Lack of clean water.D. Shortage of experts15. A. A system which trains doctors.B. A group of experts who can provide professional advice.C. A computer program which can provide professional advice.D. A system which trains computer experts.16. A. It is not easy to see the shortage of experts in the villages.B. Many doctors and engineers are sent to the villages to make up for the shortage of experts.C. Expert medical systems are widely used in developing countries.D. Expert systems are owned by wealthy farmers and businessmen.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A. The designer of the White House.B. The first resident of the White House.C. One of the U.S. presidents.D. A specialist of American history.18. A. To add to the beauty of the building.B. To follow the original design.C. To wipe out the stains left behind by the war.D. To make the building look more comfortable.19. A. Right after it was rebuilt.B. During the administration of John Adams.C. When Theodore Roosevelt was president.D. After many other names had been given to it.20. A. It has been changed several times.B. It has never been changed.C. It was changed after the War of 1812.D. It was changed during Roosevelt’s presidency.II. Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or that is closest in meaning to theunderlined word in the sentence Write the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet.21. After doing her usual morning chores, Elisha found herself ___ tired.A. interestinglyB. surprisinglyC. erraticallyD. forcibly22. Working frantically under the pressure of time, Edmond failed to notice his ___ mistakes.A. stupidB. inevitableC. carelessD. redundant23. The ___ objections of those who protested against the ruling finally got them thrown outof the stadium.A. viralB. vulnerableC. volubleD. vocal24. In the feudal society, landlords had the right to beat, ___ or even kill talents at will.A. abaseB. abashC. abateD. abuse25. All the colleagues said that the caprices of the willful manager had made him a ___ person.A. candidB. captiousC. cannyD. coy26. It was all right for the school administration not to ___ to the students' demand of canceling the terminal examinations.A. acceptB. accedeC. accessD. accessory27. In 1921 many people died in famine --- an extreme scarcity or ___ of food. That was reallya tragedy.A. deprivationB. exhaustionC. starvationD. dearth28. The world will be advancing with such great speed that our ___ will look back upon us and our time with a sense of superiority.A. antecedentsB. predecessorsC. descendantsD. contemporaries29. Before taking a standardized test, one should ___ himself or herself with all the items that constitute the test paper.A. acquaintB. fascinateC. acquitD. familiar30. Tom is always lack of self-confidence. His ___ character caused him to miss many goldenopportunities.A. diffidentB. ignorantC. proudD. conceited31. It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York fora ___ next month.A. symphonyB. symposiumC. symptomD. symmetry32. Manfred ___ with sure that nine out of ten gentlemen who danced with this charming young lady would fall in love with her.A. alludeB. adduceC. averredD. advert33. During the terrorist attacks, the authorities ordered to ___ the workers and residents ofhigh profile buildings from the constructions.A. evictB. evokeC. evacuateD. evade34. Johnson's business survived on a ___ relationship with only a few customers.A. tentativeB. salientC. lucrativeD. insubstantial35. After her marriage, the happy life ___ her appearance, making her look more beautifulthan ever.A. transfiguredB. disfiguredC. disheveledD. transformed36. Although Guthman was a ___ of several campaigns, he had never seen action on the frontlines.A. veteranB. volunteerC. victimD. villain37. The cheerful, lively melody of dance music ___ almost all the weary soldiers.A. drainedB. divertedC. renewedD. revived38. From Willink's ___ manner, people can tell that he is of royal birth.A. boorishB. regalC. rudeD. vulgar39. Since it was held up only by a single steel cable, the chairlift was ___ to carry only twopeopleA. instructedB. obligedC. intendedD. appointed40. 130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute ___ to the Revolution of ParisCommune in 1873.A. testimonyB. memoryC. tributeD. evidence41.From his words I supposed that he was extremely delighted at your invitation.A. apprehendedB. concededC. envisionD. surmised42. As is reported, over seventy civilians lost their lives in the following explosion.A. ensuingB. engrossingC. enduringD. entangling43. After living in the same dormitory for half a year, Jane realized that Mary's oversen-sitivity was not acquired but inherent.A. insipidB. inordinateC. innateD. insane44. As a highly intelligent person, the diplomat had no difficulty searching for the right wordsto retort.A. askingB. gropingC. findingD. grouching45. The service at this restaurant was so slow that when the dishes were finally served we wereextremely hungry.A. ruthlessB. ravenousC. rashD. reckless46. He is my devoted friend, so I ___ tell him the truth.A. cannot helpB. cannot butC. may not helpD. could but47. No administrator or supervisor can enter a classroom unless ___ by the teacher.A. they are invitedB. he is invitedC. invitingD. having being invited48. I'd just as soon he ___ the party yesterday; he made a mess of it.A. didn't attendB. attendedC. had attendedD. hadn't attended49. ___ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of an oral English test at theend of the term.A. It is existedB. There having existedC. There existsD. There having been50. ___ Jenny lives next door to Robert, she ought to know him.A. IfB. Seeing thatC. AlthoughD. Just asIII. Error Detection (5%)Directions:There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.51. Learning a foreign Language is especially difficult for those who had never learned oneA B C Dbefore.52. The main stream of a river frequently is dividing into two or more branches near its mouth.A B C D53. For activating the fossilization in English learning, I practice reading, listening, speakingA B Cand writing as regularly as possibleD54. Little Jimmy was constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the bedroom wall, butA Bhe went on to do it all the same.C D55. It's a simple matter to have found the density of a gas from its formula.A B C D56. Upon questioning the suspect denied having stolen diamonds from the jewelry shop.A B C D57. Some of the research experiments to describe in the text book are easy to carry out.A B C D58. Quantum physics lies at a heart of the physical sciences.A BC D59. Despite their length, the horse's neck has the same number of vertebrae as a humanA B C Dbeing's.60. Night falls more faster in the tropics than in other latitudes.A B C DIV. Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:Read the following five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given, and then write the corresponding letteron your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIn Japan, some people play golf on weekends and some form long lines in the Ginza district to watch first-run foreign films. A knowing few go to the barbershop.A trip to a Japanese barbershop is an odyssey into the country's economic miracle, a glimpse at the same attention to detail that has made "Japan Inc." the envy of the capitalist world.It is more than simply getting a haircut. Customers go to escape the hustle and bustle of Tokyo's frenetic pace. They go to complain about local politics and catch up on the latest neighborhood scuttlebutt.But most of all, they go to be cranked up high in the barber's chair, to assume for at lest one precious moment – regardless of their walk of life---that honorific stature uniquely revered in Japan: that of okyakusama, or customer.So going to the barbershop here is an outing . The object is not to get it over with as quickly as possible, American-style, but to prolong the treatment and bask in its sensual pleasures.No one understands this better than Tanaka-san, who runs a state-of-the-art barbershop just up the street from where I live, in the Minami Azabu district. Like much else in Japan, Mr. Tankaka's shop has only recently gone upscale.Last year, he sold his small, old shop, located a few blocks from the new one, for a cool $15.3 million. With typical Japanese foresight for investing for the long pull, Mr. Tanaka plowed theproceeds into his spanking new premises.Mr. Tanaka, 54, has been in the barbering business for 38 years. Back in 1950, he charged only 35 yen --- not much compared with the 3,200 yen he receives today for a cut and shampoo. At today's exchange rates, $22 for a haircut might seem expensive, but I think it's one of the best deals in town.You always have to wait in line at Mr. Tanaka's shop : He doesn't take reservations because he doesn't need to. But when your time comes, Mr. Tanaka directs you to the seat of honor.Soon his wife is feverishly shampooing your hair, massaging your scalp with a special brush. While she scrubs, Mr. Tanaka is busy at the next chair, applying the finishing snips and snaps to another client. This tag-team approach keeps the shop running at full capacity.Mr. Tanaka typically spends about 45 minutes cutting your hair, scrutinizing the symmetry of the sideburns with the utmost care. His cutting skills are superb, but it is in conversation that he truly excels. He knows when to talk, when to listen and when to utter the drawn-out guttural grunt of approval so common in Japanese. These insightful yet subtle dialogues with his clients create the cornerstone of Mr.Tanaka's thriving business: the repeat customer, every retailer's dream.For the rare client not "hooked" by pleasant conversation , Mrs. Tanaka's shaving technique, with a straight-edged razor, is the showstopper. First, she places a hot towel over your face, then wipes your face with moisturizing oil.She applies another hot towel to remove the oil and lathers you up with warm shaving cream. Finally, she methodically spends fifteen minutes shaving off every last whisker---including any stray hairs that might have found their way to your forehead or earlobes. The oil and hot-towel procedure is repeated and the reclining customer is gently coaxed into returning to earth.Foreign businessmen trying to figure our what makes Japan's economy so successful might do well to visit a Japanese barbershop. Impeccable service isn't extra here, it's included the price of admission.61. An attention to detail has made "Japan Inc."A. a good place for touristsB. a land of many barbershopsC. a prosperous economic powerD. a famous resort62. In Japanese barbershops, barbersA. rush customers outB. never talk about politicsC. talk with customers and work leisurelyD. are rather impatient with customers63. Relaxation and sensual pleasure areA. admitted goals of customersB. not possible in the busy atmosphereC. not appreciated by hurried customersD. not available to customers64. Because Mr. Tanaka's shop is s popular,A. reservations are requiredB. people wait in lineC. he is opening another new storeD. he becomes famous for that65. Not only is Mr. Tanaka a good barber, but he is alsoA. skilled at conversationB. an expert in shaving techniquesC. a local politicianD. a psychologistPassage TwoMincerva was the goddess of wisdom, but on one occasion she did a very foolish thing; she entered into competition with Juno and Venus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials of Peleus and Theetis all the gods were invited with the exception of Eris, or Discord. Enraged at her exclusion, the goddess threw a golden apple among the guests, with the inscription (题词), "For the fairest." Thereupon Juno, Venus, and Minerva each claimed the apple. Jupiter, not willing to decide in so delicate a matter, sent the goddesses to Mount Ida, where the beautiful shepherd Paris was tending his flocks, and to him was committed the decision. The goddesses accordingly appeared before him. Juno promised him power and riches, Minerva glory and renown in war, and Venus the fairest of women his wife, each attempting to bias his decision in her own favor. Paris decided in favour of Venus and gave her the golden apple, thus making the two other goddesses his enemies. Under the protection of Venus, Paris sailed to Greece, and was hospitably received by Menelaus. king of Sparta. Now Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was the very woman whom Venus had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had been sought as a bride by numerous suitors, and before her decision was made known, they all, at the suggestion of Ulysses, one of their number, took an oath that they would defend her from all injury and avenge her cause if necessary. She chose Menelaus, and was living with him happily when Paris became their guest . Paris aided by Venus, persuaded her to elope （私奔）with him, and carried her to Troy, whence arose the famous Trojan war, the theme of the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Virgil.Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains（首领）of Greece to fulfill their pledge, and join him in his efforts to recover his wife. They generally came forward, but Ulysses, who had married Penelope, and was very happy in his wife and child, had no disposition to embark in such a troublesome affair. He therefore hung back and Palamedes was sent to urge him. When Palamedes arrived at Ithaca Ulysses pretended to be mad. He yoked （用牛轭套住）an ass and an ox together to the plough and began to sow salt. Palamedes, to try him, placed the infant Telemachus before the plough, whereupon the father turned the plough aside, showing plainly that he was no madman, and after that could no longer refuse to fulfill his promise. Being now himself gained for the undertaking, he lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chiefs, especially Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whose marriage the apple of Discord had been thrown among the goddesses. Thetis was herself one of the immortals, a sea-nymph (海仙女), and knowing that her son was fated to perish before Troy if he went on the expedition, she endeavoured to prevent his going . She sent him away to the court of King Lycomedes, and induced him to conceal himself in the disguise of a maidenamong the daughters of the king. Ulysses, hearing he was there, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale female ornaments, among which he had placed some arms. While the king's daughters were engrossed with the other contents of the merchant' s pack, Achilles handled the weapons and thereby betrayed himself to the keen eye of Ulysses, who found no great difficulty in persuading him to disregard his mother's prudent counsels and join his countrymen in the war.66. Bulfinch describes Jupiter as u nwilling to “decide in so delicate a matter” (lines 6), implyingthatA. Jupiter is usually heavy-handedB. any decision is bound to offend someoneC. Jupiter to overly sensitive.D. the problems are so obscure that no one can judge them.67. The word disposition (line 22) is used to meanA. inclinationB. natureC. integrityD. value68. The sowing of salt is used by Bulfinch to showA. Ulysses's attempt to be found insaneB. the difficulty of cultivating in rocky soilC. how the tears of the gods created the seaD. the god's punishment of those who disobey them69. Bulfinch reveals that Thetis is a sea-nymphy in order to explainA. why she married PeleusB. why she dislikes the idea of warC. the effect of the apple of DiscordD. her ability to predict the future70.. Among the chieftains of Greece apparently areA. Juno, Venus, and MinervaB. Paris and LycomedesC. Ulysses, Achilles, and MenelausD. Eris and ThetisPassage ThreeOn the whole, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has always treated Mars with respect. American spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on the Red Planet. What they've never done is wound it. If scientists ever hope to understand Mars fully, however, they are going to have to puncture the dry Martian crust to sample the planetary pulp below. Next week NASA will launch a ship that will begin that process.The first ship of the two-spacecraft mission --- set to fly Dec. 10---is the Mars Climate Orbiter.Arriving in September 1999, the spacecraft will enter an orbit of the planet that traces a path over the Martian poles, allowing it to study the local atmosphere. Its orbit will position it perfectly to act as a relay satellite for a ny later ship that may land on the surface. That’s a good thing, since three weeks or so after the orbiter leaves Earth, NAS will launch another spacecraft, the more ambitious Mars Polar Lander.A spindly machine standing 107 cm tall, the lander is set to arrive in December 1999, aiming to touch down near Mars’ south pole, one of the few sports on the freeze-dried planet that is likely to contain some water. Just before reaching the Martian atmosphere, the lander will release a pairs of tapered pods(锥形分离舱) , each about the size of a basketball, made of brittle silica. Plunging ahead of the ship , the projectiles will free-fall to the surface and strike the ground at 650 km/h.The pods are designed to shatter on impact, releasing a pair of 18-cm probes. Slamming into the surface, the probes are supposed to drive themselves 120 cm into the Martian crust. Once buried, they will deploy tiny drills and begin sampling the chemical makeup of the soil around them. Scientists believe that chemistry could be remarkably rich. "The surface of Mars has been pretty well sterilized(消毒) by ultraviolet radiation," says Sam Thurman, the missions flight-operations manager.Only minutes after the probes hit the ground, the lander will follow, descending by parachute and braking engine. Bristling with cameras and sensors, it will study Mars' terrain and weather, snapping pictures both during its descent and on the surface. It will also carry a microphone to record for the first time the sound of the Martain wind. More important, the ship will be equipped with a robotic arm and scoop , much like the arms carried aboard the Viking landers in the 1970s. Unlike the Vikings, though, which were able to paw just a few feeble cm into the Martian topsoil, the new ship will dig out a trench nearly 90 cm deep.How long all this otherworldly hardware will operate is uncertain. The probes, powered by batteries, should wink out within three days. The lander, with robust solar panels to keep it humming, could last three months. But even if the systems do not survive that long, their work could be profound. After all, scientists have spent years studying just the Martian skin; this will be their first chance to dig a little deeper.71. We learn from the first paragraph that, in order to have a thorough knowledge of Mars, weneed ___.A. to treat Mars with more respect than everB. to have more spacecraft orbit the Red PlanetC. to protect the Red Planet more carefully and not to wound itD. to penetrate the crust of the Red Planet to take Martian samples72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The spacecraft that is to arrive in September 1999 contains a pair of tapered pods.B. Mars Polar Lander will carry out more important missions than Mars Climate Orbiter.C. The difference between Viking landers and Mars Polar Lander is that the former was unableto land on Mars.D. The mission of Mars Climate Orbiter is to study the local atmosphere and Mars terrain,snapping pictures both during its descent and on the surface.73. The primary purpose of the passage is to ___.A. stress the importance of exploring MarsB. outline the general features of MarsC. describe in detail the way of landing of Mars Polar LanderD. introduce the mission of the two spacecraft which are due to launch in 1999.74. We learn from the passage that ___.A. Mars Climate Orbiter will serve as a space base for any later ship that may land on thesurface of MarsB. Mars' south pole is more likely to contain life because it contains waterC. Mars Polar Lander will strike the surface of Mars at 650 km/hD. the chemical makeup of the soil on the surface of Mars will be similar to that of the earth75. From the context, we can infer the meaning of "bristling" (line 2, para. 4 ) may be ___.A. abundant inB. sending outC. reactingD. taking upPassage FourAn outsider approaches the subject lively, lest civic(市民的；城市的) feelings be bruised. Los Angeles gives the impression of having erased much of its history by allowing the city's development to run unchecked. Insiders like Dolores Hayden...pull no punches: "It mon," she wrote, "for fond residents to quote Gertrude Stein's sentence about Oakland when summing up urban design in Los Angeles: "There's no there, there.'" Hayden has also acknowledged that Los Angles is generally "the first (American city) singled out as having a problem about sense of place." Both statements come from a handsome brochure-cum-itinerary, drawn up by Hayden, Gail Dubrow, and Carolyn Flynn to introduce The Power of Place, a local nonprofit group with a mission to retrieve some of the city's misplaced" there."Founded by Hayden in 1982, The Power of Place lays special emphasis on redressing an imbalance in memory---and memorials. As Hayden has pointed out, in 1987 less than half the population of Los Angeles was Anglo-American; yet almost 98 percent of the city's cultural historic landmarks were devoted to the history and accomplishments of Anglo-Americans. Even these personages(名人，要人) come from a narrow spectrum of achievers---in Hayden's phrase, "a small minority of landholders, bankers, business leaders, and their architects" ----almost all of whom were male...The likeliest explanation for this under-representation may be an urban variation on thegreat-man theory of history: History is what public figures do, and by their civic monuments shall you know them ---especially the structures they designed or built. In Hayden's view, however, "The task of choosing a past for Los Angeles is a political as well as historic and cultural one, " and the unexamined preference for architecture as the focus of historic preservation efforts can slight less conscious but perhaps equally powerful human forces. Hayden's goal has been to supplement the city's ample supply of mono-cultural landmarks and memorials with others representing its ethnic and gender-based diversity. Accordingly, some sites need new status as official land-marks, others need reinterpretation. Other sites no longer contain structures emblematic(作为标志的) of their histories or are located in blighted neighborhoods; these do not readily lend themselves to。

2022年上海理工大学公共课《大学计算机基础》期末试卷B(有答案)

2022年上海理工大学公共课《大学计算机基础》期末试卷B(有答案）一、单项选择题1、十进制数111等于二进制数（）A.10110111B.10110011C.01101111D.011001112、下列四个不同进制的数值中，最小的数是（）A.(01101011)B. (154)C. (107)10 C. (6A)163、下面关于二进制的运算中，错误的是（）A．10+01=11 B.11+01=111 C.11-01=10 D.10-01=014、下列数值不可能是八进制数的是（）A.137B.138C.276D.10115、确保单位局域网的信息平安，防止来自省局内网的黑客人侵，采用以实现一定的防X作用。

（）A.网管软件B.列表C.防火墙软件D.杀毒软件6、下列叙述中，正确的是（）A. 字节通常用英文单词“bit”来表示B. 目前广泛使用的Pentium机，其字长为5个字节C. 计算机存储器中将8个相邻的二进制位作为一个单位，这种单位称为字节D. 微型计算机的字长并不一定是字节的倍数7、以下可用来连接移动硬盘的接口是（）A.LPTB.机内码C.VGAD.区位码8、下列不属于Windows 7中资源管理器的文件排序方式的是（）A.按名称B.按类型C.按范围D.按日期9、在“记事本”中，选定内容并“复制”后，复制的内容放在（）A.任务栏中B.剪贴板中C.软盘中D.回收站中10、在Windows 7的“剪贴板”操作中，“粘贴”命令的组合键是（）A.Ctrl+CB.Ctrl+XC.Ctrl+AD.Ctrl+V11、在Windows 7桌面上，移动图标的位置（）A.只能在控制面板中设置完成B.只能由Windows系统完成C.既可以由Windows系统完成，又可以由用户完成D.既可以在控制面板中设置完成，又可以由用户完成12、在Windows 7中，任务栏（）A.无法控制是否被隐藏B.必须被隐藏C.不能被隐藏D.可以被隐藏13、在Windows 7的设置桌面小工具中，提供的应用程序包括（）A.资源管理器B.幻灯片动画C.网络D.时钟14、若用户以不同文件名保存一个正在编辑的Word文档时，可使用“文件”中的（）A."保存”命令B.“另存为”命令C.“关闭”命令D."新建”命令15、对于Word表格操作，正确的说法是（）A.对单元格只能上下拆分B.对单元格只能左右拆分C.一个表格可以拆分成两个表格D.表格不能设置标题行重复16、在Word中，以下不能实现创建新文档的方法是（）A.选择“文件”菜单中“新建”命令B.单击“常用”工具栏中“新建空白文档”按钮C.按快捷键Ctrl+ND.选择“插入”菜单中“文件”命令17、Word2010提供了多种视图，其中可以显示页眉页脚的视图是（）A.阅读版式视图B.页面视图C.Web版式视图D.大纲视图。

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