gambling addiction
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — thing. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动)with the need to follow rules. However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people. It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Your child’s brain on math: Don’t bother?Parents whose children are struggling with math often view intense tutoring as the best way to help them master crucial skills, but a new study released on Monday suggests that for some kids even that is a lost cause.According to the research, the size of one key brain structure and the connections between it and other regions can help identify the 8- and 9-year olds who will hardly benefit from one-on-one math instruction.“We could predict how much a child learned from the tutoring based on measures of brain structure and connectivity,” said Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, who led the research.The study, published in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the first to use brain imaging to look for a connection between brain attributes and the ability to learn arithmetic. But despite its publication in a well-respected journal, the research immediately drew criticism.Jonathan Moreno, professor of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, fears that some parents and teachers might “give up now” on a math-challenged child. “If it gets into the popular consciousness that it’s wise to have your kid’s brain checked out.” before making decisions about academic options, he said, “that raises huge issues.”Menon and his fellow scientists agree that their research shouldn’t lead to conclusions immediately. They are exploring whether any interventions might change the brain in such a way that children who struggle with math can benefit more from tutoring.Just as learning to juggle increases the amount of gray matter in the area of adult brains that is responsible for spatial attention, said Menon, maybe something could pump up regions relevantto learning arithmetic before a child begins math tutoring.Until then, he said “it’s possible” that parents will interpret the new study as saying some kids cannot benefit from math tutoring, “and give up before even trying. How this plays out is far from clear.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more states have legalized gambling in order to raise income. Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries(博彩)and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining state parks, and developing environmental programs.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning, and entertainment over savings.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gamblingindustry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.How We Find Our DirectionPsychologists have found that there are two main ways that successful travelers use to navigate (确定位置) their environment.The first is to follow a fixed route from here to there. Cognitive (认知的) psychologist Barbara Tver sky describes route navigation as a series of paths and choice points that is basically selfcentered: it is constructed for the purpose of reaching one particular goal from a fixed starting point, and the entire journey is explained from the point of view of the traveler.The second navigational strategy involves a bird’s-eye view — a map of the general area. Maps are overviews, “surveys of a space of possibilities,”that lay out a variety of possible paths. Maps almost always rely on cardinal directions (基本方位), usually east-west and north-south, that anchor them to a larger space. When we use a map to get somewhere, it is up to us to figure out the most proper route, or the alternatives, for ourselves.So how does this work out in the real world? In her 2019 book, Mind in Motion, Tversky acknowledges that most of us do not carry a file drawer of maps in our heads. Instead, we use a combination of methods to get where we are going: part tum-by-tum directions, part bird’s-eye view, and part general map-like information(it’s somewhere near the center of town; we’ll be traveling toward Omaha; the mid-day sun is on our left, so we are still heading west) and helpful landmarks. For this reason, Tversky refers to our way finding plans not as “cognitive maps” but as “cognitive collages (拼贴画)”.But it is important to note that most navigational directions of moderate complexity dependin part on the ability to understand a map perspective. Sometimes maps just make for better directions, but they are essential if we make a mistake and have to figure out how to correct our course._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
雅思作文话题Brainstorm（下）
雅思作⽂话题Brainstorm（下）Are Zoos Necessary?1. It is an effective way to preserve some rare animals and endangered species because the natural environment is no longer a suitable habitat for some species which are on the verge of extinction due to the deterioration of environment and hunting. The animals kept in zoos can undoubtedly receive better care and treatment for there are many well-trained professionals like vets and scientists.2. Besides protecting endangered species, zoos play an important role in improving the public knowledge of animals. Animals in zoos keep people in touch with a more natural animal world.3. Zoos are a place of entertainment and recreation. They are also a great tourist attraction which boosts the local tourism.The Conservation of Endangered AnimalsSituation：1. Hundreds of species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction.2. Many species have become extinct because of large-scale land clearing carried out and the commercialization of agriculture.Pros:3. Humans have the power to affect our environment more than any other species. If we continue to abuse the earth by deforestation, over-fishing, hunting and large-scale land clearing, we will cause irreparable damage. If we will not start thinking “balance and harmony with nature”, the Nature will find a way to destroy us.4. Bio-diversity is good for humans. Conservation means protecting valuable natural ecosystems and habitats for wildlife that can protect the reproduction and evolution of life in ecosystems and keep the energy flow, material cycling and ecological process in the system.Solutions:5. It is imperative for both developed and developing nations to adopt more environmentally friendly policies.6. It is important to educate students and the public so that they will understand the necessity for wildlife preservation.Should Animals Suffer for The benefits of Humans?1. For thousands of years, humans have used animal for a variety of purposes including food, clothing, labor, means of transportation, hunting, medicine, and companionship.2. The result of these animal experiments has been the elimination or control of many infectious diseases. Animal research is an integral part of today’s society when thinking of how much progress we have gained in human health with the use of animal experimentation.3. Research involving animals is absolutely essential in maintaining and improving the health of human beings. In many countries, such as The U.S and the U.K, all prescription drugs must be tested on animals before they are allowed onto the market.4. Although in principle it is more important to reduce human suffering than to prevent animal suffering, in practice it is possible (and absolutely right) to keep animal suffering to an absolute minimum.Pet-Keeping1. Pets are good, affectionate, loyal, and obedient companions to their masters.2. Raising pets is beneficial and joyful.3. They help old people and young children get rid of (drive off) their loneliness and kill the times.4. Pets have some practical uses, such as a guardian, doorkeeper, and even savior of the masters.5. Keeping pets is good for children’s growth. It helps children nurture a tender loving heart and learn to care for others. It helps to develop a sense of responsibility and teaches children an appreciation for life. Pets invite people to love and be loved.Telecommuting (Working at Home)1. Possible conflict between your business and personal lives. Because you’re working at home where you have always spent time with your family, it may be difficult for both you and your family to adjust to the fact that you must work while you’re at home.2. Lack of social contact. Some people dearly love the social interaction of the workplace. When you work from home, you are far more likely to feel cut off from the rest of the world.3. Lack of social contact with co-workers. The lack of daily contact with co-workers could take us “out of the loop”relative to what is going on within the company. This lack of “inside knowledge” could affect our advancement with the company.4. Need for self-discipline. It can be difficult to motivate yourself when you’re working from home. There are household chores to be done, plenty of distractions (such as television), and you can be alone for hours. Do you have the self-discipline required to get your work done despite all this?The Pros and Cons of Job-HoppingFor:1. Job-hopping is becoming a growing trend in today’s workforce. Generally speaking, it means new skills, higher salary, more experience and increased confidence.2. Job-hopping is a yearning to work with different people, a yearning for different job duties or even a yearning to live in a different city every year.3. Job transition is still viewed as the key to moving up in your professional path.Against:1. If you were a chronic job-hopper during the dotcom days, people may be questioning your integrity and loyalty. People who skip from job to job are looked on as being unstable and somehow untrustworthy. If you changed job every year or two, you were branded unstable.2. Switching job too rapidly makes employers think the individual can not get promoted, is not reliable, can not be a team member, or is so egotistical or self-centered that no job can meet his expectations.3. You may be pigeon-holed into a position lower than the one you feel you qualify for if they think you’re a risk. This could easily lead you to quickly hop out of this job too if you’re unhappy with your positions and responsibilities.White liesFor:1. Everyone should admit the significance of good faith and honesty and regard it as a virtue. However, we should not lose sight of the face that there are some special occasions in which we have to tell lies in order to avoid some unwanted unpleasant things.2. If you are a doctor and discover that one of your patients develops cancer of terminal stage, do you have the heart to inform him of the truth of keep it a secret? If you tell the truth, maybe he will collapse and lose the hope of living; if you keep it a secret and encourage him to struggle against the disease, maybe he will enjoy a much longer life and suffer from less strain and frustration.3. Our government sometimes also has to tell white lies in order to avoid social chaos and maintain social stability. For instance, when asked whether some kind of infectious disease has broken out, the government spokesman will sometimes deny it despite the fact that there are some cases confirmed.4. In social contacts, sometimes in order to avoid some embarrassment and avoid hurting the feelings of other, we have to tell some lies—the so-call white lies. For example, when your colleague wears a new dress and asks for you comment, even though you dislike it, you had better say something nice about it because we do not want to hurt another’s feelings or cause unnecessary worry. We tell a white lie. It seems that we are being kind or protecting the other person.The High Salaries of Athletes and Entertainers1. They bring great pleasure and happiness to ordinary people. Their brilliant performances enrich people’s cultural (spiritual) life, which partly contributes to the spiritual civilization. They make money by means of their skills and they deserve it. No one forces you to pay for his performance. Both are willing.2. Some of these stars have undergone painstaking training and practice. No pains, no gains. The road to success may not be easy for most pop stars, who may set examples for the youngsters.3. They sacrifice a lot for what they gain including privacy. They are no longer private individuals; they are public property.4. It is an inevitable outcome of the market economy. We shall not make a fuss of it. It is decided by the market.Should Marijuana Be Legalized?Cons:1. Marijuana has long-term psychological and physical effects. Scientists have found that smoking marijuana can cause the user to loose his memory. These individuals lose interest in everything.2. It will increase the number of drug user and drug related crimes. If drug is sold legally, it will become easy for users to buy it around the corner. Thus, it will increase the already existing problem of crime.3. The legalization would encourage greater availability and use of drugs especially among children.4. The legalization will advance a laissez-faire attitude about drugs.The Legalization of Gambling1. Gambling triggers addiction. The more legalized gambling available, the more addictive behavior is triggered.2. Gambling addiction is a serious threat to the family and to society at large.3. Problem gambling lead to embarrassment, indebtedness, bankruptcy, child neglect, or even divorce. Gambling presents a bad example to our children. Gambling promotes the idea that luck, not education and hard work, is the key to success. There are extreme cases where gambling tears a family apart or ruins the life of an adolescent.4. Gambling attracts crime. Casinos and gambling are often associated with gangster, prostitution, murderers, and all the illegal operations one could think of.5. Gambling produces no wealth for society, and suggests that productivity is not important. Gambling sets up artificial risks and glorifies individuals, who take the biggest, most foolish risks.Should Criminals Be Given Lengthy Jail Terms or Community Service Programs?1. Whoever violates the law should undoubtedly be punished. Only in this way does he know that crime does not pay.2. Just as the idiom goes: “They deserve their punishment.” Ruthless and tough criminals don’t deserve special funding and education.3. Lengthy jail terms function as an effective warning and deterrent to the would-be criminals and help prevent crime and lower the crime rate.4. It is fair to the victim and his family. Putting the criminals in jail does justice to the victim and ensures the social order.5. It prevents the criminals from repeating an offence.6. It executes (punishes) one as a warning to others.7. Mercy to the criminal may be cruelty to the people.8. They are potential threats and risks to law-abiding citizens. They are time bombs planted among innocent people.Gun Control1. Gun control is the perfect solution to crime.2. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime.3. Gun violence is one of the most serious problems in many nations.4. If we eliminate guns, the suicide rate will go down.Censorship of the Internet1. Easy access to information on any topic may lead users, especially children, to materials that would otherwise not be accessible and could be potentially harmful.2. A person breaks the law if he puts offensive material like pornography on a web page without making sure children that can not access the page. Child pornography, hacking, and objectionable material on the Internet are bad and should be taken off.3. There is no doubt that the Internet is host to a lot of unsavory sites, from racist and pornographic through to dangerously anarchic. The government should prevent the information superhighway from becoming a computer”red light district”.。
Beyond Substance Addiction_ Broadening the Concept of Addiction to Include Behavioral Addiction
© 2013 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.pISSN 1011-8934 eISSN 1598-6357Beyond Substance Addiction: Broadening the Concept of Addiction to Include Behavioral AddictionJi Hyun Kim and Jeong Seok SeoDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk Unversity, Chungju, Korea/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.646• J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28: 646-647At the early 1950’s, Olds and Milner’s discovery of ‘reinforcing structures in the midbrain’ as a pleasure center spurred the rapid advancement of neuroscience research on addiction. The field will once again expand due to the recent redefinition of addiction. From the previous definition encompassing only substance addiction, such as addiction to alcohol and illegal or legal drugs, the concept of addiction has been broadened to in-clude behavioral addiction including pathological gambling, shopping addiction, sex addictions, and the relatively new phe-nomenon of internet addiction. From the perspective of neuro-science, we briefly discuss similarities between substance ad-diction, on the one hand, and internet addiction as an example of behavioral addiction, on the other.DEFINITION AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF ALCOHOL AND BEHAVIORAL ADDICTION According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR), the definition of alcohol dependence is based on tolerance, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and social/ occupational impairment due to alcohol use. Tolerance means that the subject is unable to feel the same effect from the alco-hol that was felt previously with drinking, increasing intake to compensate. Withdrawal means that stopping intake suddenly can precipitate specific symptoms. Craving means that the de-sire for drinking is so strong that it makes a person act recklessly or obsessively to obtain liquor, challenging the limits of social acceptability. Acute or chronic excess ingestion of alcohol can cause problems in interpersonal relationships or at work, such as breaking important promises to family members or arriving at work late.Similarly, excessive gambling, shopping, sex, or use of the in-ternet causes tolerance and withdrawal and craving, dysfunc-tion of interpersonal, social, and occupational relationships. Because this maladaptive obsessive behavior is related to spe-cific actions rather than the just intake of drugs or alcohol, it is known as ‘behavioral addiction’. Because there is no distinct category for these maladaptive behaviors, they have been diag-nosed under various psychiatric classifications including obses-sive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorder, a portion of the sexual dysfunction or personality disorders, and so on. New outcomes of clinical trials and considerable advances in addiction psychiatry have led to rapid changes in the concept of addiction, broadening its definition from substance use alone to pathologic behaviors.In the 5th Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which will be published in 2013, the title ‘Substance Related Disorders’ has been removed and the new title of ‘Addiction Related Disorders’ has been added based on the results of clinical studies in the effort to develop an integrative concept encompassing substance and behavioral addiction in one category. Also, in the DSM-5, pathological gam-bling, one of the behavioral addictions, was accepted as an offi-cial diagnosis title by the American Psychiatric Association.BRAIN STRUCTURE AND THE PATHWAY RELATED TO ALCOHOL AND INTERNET ADDICTIONThe reward system, known as the “pleasure center”, is located in the midbrain and primarily connected with the dopaminergic pathway from the midbrain to the forebrain. The reward system includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where the dopamine nucleus is located; the substantia nigra; the striatum, which consists of the nucleus accumbens anteriorly and caudate nu-cleus and putamen caudally; the prefrontal cortex; the hippo-campus; and the amygdala.When the VTA is activated by various stimulating agents (such as electrostimulation, stimulants, or sedative sleeping pills) via the dopaminergic pathway connecting the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of the VTA, pleasure (as a reward) is generated. Activa-tion of the VTA causes the release of enkephalin, an end prod-uct of the pleasure center and an endogenous opioid, which acts as a positive re-enforcer. This process is a part of habit for-mation or obsessive behavior.The brain structures related to alcohol craving are as follows: 1) the frontal lobe (the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontalKim JH, et al. • Beyond Substance Addiction 647/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.646cortex), 2) nucleus accumbens, 3) amygdala, and 4) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (1, 2). However, in a functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) study analyzing the brain responses of 10 internet gaming addicts to game-related cues (3) and anoth-er brain imaging study of the responses of 19 healthy young adult males to game stimuli following a 10-day period of inter-net video game play (4), the researchers found that the neural substrate of cue-induced craving in internet game addiction could be similar to that of cue-induced craving in substance addiction.CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONFunctional and structural changes to brain can occur. The com-prehensive abilities of an internet addict could be diminished (5). Furthermore, the volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cor-tex, ACC, and parahippocampus could be decreased as a con-sequence of internet addiction (6).The most serious complication induced by alcohol or seda-tives is dementia due to severe cortical atrophy. In severe cases, it becomes alcoholic dementia, which is not distinguished from Alzheimer’s dementia. Though the relationship between inter-net addiction and dementia remains unclear, cognitive impair-ment in particular, including decreased memory and judgment, is prominent similarly to that in patients with alcohol-induced cognitive impairment. Internet game addiction is also related to increased impulsivity (7).Regardless of the scientific debate, if young adolescents who need to undergo balanced development of their body and mind are obsessed by internet usage or other maladaptive behaviors, it is worth considering the consequences to their well-being.CONCLUSIONBehavioral addiction is strongly related to brain dysfunction just as in substance addiction, and is a “brain disorder” caused by dysfunction in the connection between higher cortical brainand limbic system including the VTA, striatum, and ACC. Clini-cal manifestations of behavioral addiction are just the same as those of substance addiction, including craving for pleasure, withdrawal, tolerance, and social/occupational impairment. Unless the brain is understood to be related to the pathogene-sis, success of treatment for addiction will be frustrated. It is time to approach internet and other behavioral addictions with a holistic care perspective, including multidisciplinary psycho-social interventions and biological approaches as well.REFERENCES1. Wilson SJ, Sayette MA, Fiez JA. Prefrontal responses to drug cues: a neu-rocognitive analysis. Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 211-4.2. Franken IH. Drug craving and addiction: integrating psychological and neuropsychopharmacological approaches. Prog Neuropsychopharma-col Biol Psychiatry 2003; 27: 563-79.3. Ko CH, Liu GC, Hsiao S, Yen JY, Yang MJ, Lin WC, Yen CF , Chen CS. Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. J Psy-chiatr Res 2009; 43: 739-47.4. Han DH, Bolo N, Daniels MA, Arenella L, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF . Brain activity and desire for Internet video game play. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52: 88-95.5. Park MH, Park EJ, Choi J, Chai S, Lee JH, Lee C, Kim DJ. Preliminary study of internet addiction and cognitive function in adolescents based on IQ tests. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190: 275-81.6. Yuan K, Qin W, Wang G, Zeng F , Zhao L, Yang X, Liu P , Liu J, Sun J, von Deneen KM, et al. Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with in-ternet addiction disorder. PLoS One 2011; 6: e20708.7. Lee HW, Choi JS, Shin YC, Lee JY, Jung HY, Kwon JS. Impulsivity in in-ternet addiction: a comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsy-chol Behav Soc Netw 2012; 15: 373-7.Address for Correspondence:Jeong Seok Seo, MDDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk Unversity,82 Gugwon-daero, Chungju 380-704, Korea Tel: +82.43-840-8470, Fax: +82.43-845-8470E-mail: sjs52632@。
新视野大学英语视听说教程3 unit6答案
Unit 6II. Basic Listening PracticeW: Are those cigarettes yours? I thought you quit. If you go back to it, your teeth and fingers will be nicotine-stained; your breath and clothes will smell smoky.M: I didn’t. I swear. Ads showing diseased lungs kept me from starti ng again. Believe me, I’ll never again be a slave to smoking. Q: Why didn’t the man go back to smoking?M: What’s that noise? It’s really loud! Sounds like gunshots!W: It’s the local “youth” throwing firecrackers. Don’t go out. Th ey’re likely to throw one at you or put one through the letterbox if you bother them.Q: What may the young people do?M: I wish I had left my wallet at home. But I’m sure I put it in my back pocket.W: Oh, no, it’s easy for a pickpocket to take it from there. You sho uld out your money in your breast pocket.Q: What should the man do, according to the conversation?M: I hate that subway station. Whenever you come our, you’re always plagued by beggars.W: I know, but the kids really get to me. I can’t help but feel sorr y for them. They look so miserable.Q: What do the man and woman think about the young beggars?M: The bank call me today: they wanted to know if I spent 3,000 dolla rs in a furniture shop this morning! Of course I didn’t!W: Someone must’ve made a copy of your credit card. It’s easily done. You’ll have to cancel it at once and get a new one. Hopefully,the bank will cover the damage.Q: What does the woman recommend the man to do?Keys: 1.C 2.C3. B 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: How to Solve Unemployment ProblemAlan: I have a meeting with my accountant tomorrow morning. She’s preparing my income tax return, and I need to go over some ofthe receipts with her.Pamela: Income tax return! Don’t you think the government just squan ders our hard-earned tax on some unnecessary projects? Alan: Sure, someone they do, but we are living pretty well and, to be honest, I don’t mind paying taxes. If I’m paying incometax, it means I’m earning would be much lower.Pamela: If the poor would just get jobs, our taxes would be much lowe r.Alan: Most people would rather work than receive charity, but the s ituation is complex: sometimes there are no jobs that they are trained for.Pamela: Then they should take the needed training—upgrade their skil ls and knowledge to become more employable.Alan: Training and upgrading cost money. Some government tax dollar s are directed to programs that help the poor get jobs. Pamela: But even when jobs are available, some of the unemployed don’t want to work. They would rather have a handout.Alan: It’s partly a matter of education. Some people have to be e ducated to realize how much fuller their life would be if they were not dependent on charity.Pamela: I think the government should attack unemployment by reducing the tax rate. That would put more money into people’s pockets, then they would spend more, and the spending would createmore jobs for the poor.Alan: Many people would agree with you.Alan’s accountant is preparing his income tax return, so he needs to go over some of the receipts with her. Pamela complains that the gove rnment just squanders people’s hard-earned tax money on some unneces sary projects. But Alan does not mind paying taxes, saying it means h e is earning money, which is better than living on charity. Pamela in sists that if the poor would just get jobs, taxes would bee much lowe r. Alan disagrees, saying most people would rather work than receive charity, but sometimes there are no jobs that they are trained for. B ut Pamela asserts that the jobless people should take the needed trai ning to upgrade their skills and knowledge to become more employable. Alan believes that some of the government tax dollars are already di rected to training and upgrading programs that help the poor to get j obs. When Pamela says some of the unemployed don’t want to work, pre ferring to have handouts, Alan points out that some people have to be educated to realize how much fuller their life would be if they ere not dependent on charity. Pamela is, however, more down-to-earth, thi nking the government should attack unemployment by reducing the tax r ate. That would give people more money; then, they would spend more, which would create more jobs for the poor.Task 2: A Professional GamblerIn a bar a guy told the bartender, “I’m a professional gambler; I’v e made of lots of money from gambling.”The bartender answered, “I can hardly believe it. Your odds are fift y-fifty at best, right?”“Well, I only bet on sure things,” said the guy.“Like what?” asked the bartender.The bartender thought about it, “Okay,” he said.So the guy pulled out his false right eye and bit it, “Ah, you screw ed me,” said the bartender, and paid the guy fifty dollars.“I’ll give you another chance. I’ll bet you another fifty dollars that I can bite my left eye,” said the stranger.The bartender thought it over again and said, “Well, I can see you’r e not blind. I’ll take that bet.”So, the guy pulled out his false teeth and bit his left eye. And the bartender had to pay him another fifty dollars.Then the guy went to the back room to play cards with some of the loc als. After many hours of drinking and card playing, he stumbles up to the bartender and said, “Bartender, I’ll give you one last chance. I’ll bet you 500 dollars that I can dump tomato juice into that whis key bottle three foot away without spilling a drop.”The bartender thought the guy must be drunk now, “Okay, you’re on,” he said.The guy began dumping tomato juice all over the bartender, but no a d rop fell into the whiskey bottle.The bartender was overjoyed. Laughing, the bartender said, “Hey, pal, you owe me five hundred dollars!”The guy said, “That’s okay. I just bet the guys in the card room1, 000 bucks each, that I could dump tomato juice all over you but you s till laugh!”Keys: TFTFTFor Reference5. Because not a drop tomato juice fell into the whiskey bottle, and he was to win the bet of 500 dollars.6. Because he just bet the guys in card room1, 000 buckeach that he could dump tomato juice all over the bartender and s till make him laugh.Task3: Fighting Teen SmokingThe percentage of teens who smoke cigarettes dropped to 28% in 2003, according to a report by the Center for Disease Control and Preventio n. That was down from 36% in 1999 as measured by the Youth Risk Behav ior Survey. It’s a triumph for many people across the nation who wor ked tirelessly to reverse the climb in teen smoking rates during the 1990s.An equal accomplishment many be discovery of what works to influence teens’ motivation and behavior. Success has come in communities with a comprehensive program to fight tobacco use by teens. The best schoo l health classes won’t have much effect on teen who already smoke. M any of them need professional help before they can quit. Another inte resting finding is that nearly all first use of tobacco occurs before high school graduation. So if adolescents don’t start smoking by age 18, odds are they never will. For those who do experiment with ciga rettes, new research shows teens can get hooked on nicotine more quic kly than adults and by extremely low levels of tobacco.Now the bad news: while the teen smoking rate is down to 28%, that st ill means more than one in four teenagers still smoke. Public health and parents are not ready to abandon a quarter of today’s young peop le to the damaging effects of tobacco. Obviously, it is still too ear ly to celebrate a complete victory. There is still much room for impr ovement.26. What percentage did the teen smoking rate drop by?27. What happened in the 1990s, according to the speaker? Useful for reducing teen smoking according to the speaker?28. What is especially useful for reducing teen smoking according to the speaker?29. What is the bad news mentioned in the passage?30. What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1D 2.A 3. B 4.C 5.For ReferenceBefore the age of 18. According to the passage, if adolescents don’t start smoking by age 18, odds are they never will.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Nursing home abuse is a national epidemic.John: Nora, what are you doing? What are these notes about?Nora: Well, they are for a 1,000 word essay on abuse on the elderly, due Monday.John: That’s a big topic. What made you decide to write about that s ubject?Nora: Granny’s going into a nursing home. And this essay is driving me crazy.John: Narrow down the topic. Pick one aspect, like nursing home. Do a n outline.Nora: You mean list the ideas under headings: Introduction, Body, and the Conclusion?John: Yes. In the Introduction, say people live longer now, crowing n ursing homes.Nora: Then maybe in the Body I can explain how the owners try to save money on food and care.John: Right. Here I see a good quotation: “Nursing home abuse is a n ational epidemic.”Nora:I have statistics: 500 homes inspected; in one-third, care was substandard.John:Mention government offices and lawyers who’ll help in cases of abuse.Nora: Then, I think I can summarize the main ideas about the helpless elderly in the Conclusion.John: Good. When you’ve written a first draft, read it aloud to elim inate awkward spots.Nora: I’m feeling a lot better about this essay and a lot less worri ed about Granny now.John: The essay is a piece of cake; but ensuring Granny’s OK is a lo t harder.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Oh, Bobby, so you’ve come to see me again.B: How are you doing? Hope everyone is OK here.A: My God, I can hardly bear the life here. This nursing home is driv ing crazy.B: What’s wrong?>A: You see, there are to many old people here, but far too small a st aff.B: Yeah, that’s probably because people live longer now, crowding nu rsing homes.A: So we can hardily get attention. The owner tries to save money on food and care.B: I see, nursing home abuse is now a very common problem. I heard of one survey with statistics: 300 homes were inspects, and in nearl y half of them care was substandard.A: Sometimes they even beat me. I don’t know where and how I can get help.B: I n theory government offices and lawyers can help you in cases of abuse.A: But it is inconvenient for me to contact government offices again and again, and I’m too poor to hire a lawyer.B: OK, aunt, since it’s hard to ensure you’re Ok here, I’ll take y ou home. Mary and I will take care of you.A: Are you sure Mary thinks in the same way as you do?MODEL2 This beauty battled the bottle.Chris: Hey Nora.Nora: Hey Chris. How is it going?Chris: Not too bad. Sit down. Sit down. Hey, who was that food-looking girl you were talking to near the auditorium?Nora: “The Drunken Doctor”, Dr Doyle, who gave dynamite Ladies Onl y lecture.Chris: No, no. I mean the blonds, healthy-looking, the twenty-somethi ng girl in blue.Nora: Yeah, exactly. She’s a doctor, but she used to be a drunk. Now she tells women the dangers of drinking.Chris:I can’t imagine some one as pretty as she is to be a drunk. A nd a doctor, too!Nora: She says there are alcoholics all over the world, 16 million pl us just in the U.S.Chris: I’m surprised that there are so many people who lack the will -power to stop.Nora: It’s a disease that strikes young and old, rich and poor, and al walks of life.Chris: Drunks are often dirty old men begging for money. How did Dr.Doyle get hooked?Nora: She was an intern in a big hospital: long hours, little sleep, and constant stress.Chris: I suppose at first alcohol helped her to relax, but she realiz ed.Nora: First it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle, then dr inks to wake up.Chris: That’s a sad story.Nora: More inspiring than sad. She got help and stopped. Now she help s others. Isn’t that wonderful?Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Hi, John, I’m so glad to see you are back!B: It’s nice to be home again, Mom.A: Oh, you smell terribly of alcohol and tobacco. You didn’t smoke o r drink before you left home a year ago. How did you get hooked? B: As an assistant engineer, I had to work might shifts often. I felt lonely and began to drink and smoke. That helped me to relax.A: So gradually you drank more and more?B: Yeah, first it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle, and then I drank to wake up.A: Oh, I simply can’t imagine my handsome son to be a drunk and a he avy smoker now. Can’t you stop?B: It’s difficult. I lack the will-power to stop.A: But remember the dangers of heavy drinking and smoking. Sooner or later you’ll develop high blood pressure, heart trouble, or liver trouble.B: There are alcoholics all over the world, and they are still living.A: I’m sorry that drinking and smoking ate diseases that strike young and old, rich and [poor, and all walks of life. Young must get help and stop.B: OK, I’ll try my best.MODEL3 There are high risks with games of chance.Susan: Hey, Chris. Why so you look so depressed?Chris: Oh, it’s my brother. You know, he has got a gambling problem. You can’t understand gambling as an addiction unless you’ve been ho oked.Susan: Apparently it’s like being addicted to drugs or alcohol. You just want more and more.Chris: It’s exactly like alcoholism; it takes over you life. It’s o n your mind constantly.Susan: Yeah, like some horrible disease. But you can get help. Chris: My brother tried to stop, but he felt restless…bad tempered.His nerves were always on edge.Susan: Did he try Gamblers Anonymous? It’s a self-help group with ex perience just like his.Chris: Yeah, he’s not alone. It’s estimated there are 10 million ad dicts in America.Susan: I don’t want to nag him, but isn’t it a question of taking c ontrol of his life?Chris: I see your point, but he’s a compulsive gambler.Susan: I know. But if he gets help, maybe he’ll get better.Chris: No doubt. It’ll be tough. Though but worth it.Susan: Remember the proverb “Better medicine has wholesome effects.”Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Good morning, Mr. Brown, I’m a correspondent with the magazine He alth. I heat you’ve overcome your gambling problem. First of all, could you describe your problems in the past?B: Yeah, I did have serious gambling problems. You can’t understand gambling as an addiction till you’ve been hooked.A: Could you tell me your feeling at the time?B: There was a sensation like the one that comes with drugs or alcoho l, and I wanted more and more.A: How do you compare it with alcoholism?B: It’s like alcoholism; it takes over your life. It’s on your mind constantly.A: Did you try to get help?B: At first I didn’t. I tried to stop on my own, but I felt restless and bad-tempered. My nerves were on edge.A: I see it’s difficult for a compulsive gambler to overcome the pro blem. But how did you finally get rid of it?B: I went to a doctor for help. He made me realize that it was a ques tion of getting hold of my life. He told me that if I thought of i t as a disease, I would probably be cured. He also gave me some me dicine.A: I guess it was a thought fight.B: Yes, though but worth it. Anyway, “Bitter pills may have wholesom e effects.”V. Let’s TalkToday I’ll be presenting a report on our findings on the condition o f the world’s population. It may be a surprise to you that half the people in the world live on less than two dollars a day, and one bill ion people live on less than one dollar a day.I’m going to look at poverty and its relationship to population issu es. We must work fast if we hope to reduce poverty by half, by the ye ar 2015.Our survey shows that the first step should be to improve health-care systems. In the world’ poorest countries, people are expected to li ve just 49 years. One in ten children doesn’t reach his or her first birthday. According to our study, poor health and poverty are linked. Women are affected most by poor-care systems, especially pregnant wo men.The second job we have to do, as many of you can guess, is to reduce birth rates. We have found that when given a choice, poor people in d eveloping countries have fewer children than their parents dis. A pos sible reason for this is probably that smaller families have fewer ex penses and more chances of increasing their earnings and savings. Since the 1970s, developing countries with lower birth rates have had faster economic growth. They have had higher productivity, more savi ngs and more investment. Obviously we must encourage family planning and lower birth rates.Now, here is the third measure we must take: promote education in de veloping countries. Investing in education, especially for women, can reduce poverty. Educated women have more opportunities to work and a chance to live better. Moreover, they tend to send their children to food schools so that they can climb the social ladder.Well, any questions? None? OK. Now I’ll talk about the fourth step wSAMPLEA: To reduce poverty, it is very important to lower birth rates, as t he speaker suggested in his lecture.B: True. Smaller families have fewer expenses and more chances to inc rease their earning and savings.A: Moreover, developing countries with lower birth rates have had fas ter economic growth.B: It’s equally important to popularize education.A: Yes, investing in education, especially for women, can reduce pove rty. Educated women, you know, have more opportunities to work anda chance to live better.B: Moreover, they tend to send their children to food school s so tha t they will climb the social ladder.A: The speaker also mentions the necessity to improve the health-care system. In fact, poor health and poverty are linked.B: I agree. If you are not in good health, you can’t work well to ge t good pay. What’s more, you have to spend lots of money on seeing doctors.A: Some countries are economically backward, so they try to develop a powerful tourism industry, and in this way they earn a lot of mon ey.B: I think it is more important for them to develop their national ec onomy. With fast economic growth, many people will shake off pover ty.A: Poverty can be alleviated further by economic aid from rich countr ies.B: But I think technological aid from advanced countries can be more significant. With better technology, poor countries can develop fa ster on their on,. As the Chinese saying goes, it is better to tea ch someone how to fish than to give him fish.A: If less developed countries are allowed to export more of their wo rkforce, they can earn more foreign currency.B: This requires developed nations to lower their tariff barriers. VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Held Back Because I Speak SpanishI was raised speaking English, but I also spoke Spanish at home. Whe n I went to school for the first time, I was enrolled in ESL classes —classes of English as a Second Language. I was also put in the Limi ted English Proficiency Program. In all these classes, I always got t he highest grades. I was the best reader and speaker. There as no rea son for me to be in any of those classes.When my parents discovered that I was in those classes instead of in regular classes with other English-speaking students, they went to th e school administration to complain about the discrimination. The sch ool had nothing to say. My parents tried to get me out of the ESL cla sses, but the school fought it very hard to keep me there. And then w e found out why—for every student the school had in the ESL and Limi ted English Proficiency Program, they would receive$400. This was pre tty devastating. The school’s only excuse for keeping me there was b ecause I lived in a Spanish-speaking household, and that I was influe nced by the way my parents spoke. My parents were outraged, but I rem ained in the ESL and Limited English Proficiency Program until I was in the fifth grade.Then parents transferred me to another school where they had friends. The new school gave me an English proficiency test. I aced it. SO I didn’t have to attend those programs for non-native English speakers.I was finally on the right track and back at the head of the class. The first school I had would have never let me out of those programs or even let me take the test. I was too “Spanish” for tem.25. What kind of class does the speaker think he should attend?26. What was the real reason the speaker was placed in a Limited English Proficiency class?27. What was the excuse the school used to put the speaker inan ESL class?28. How did the speaker perform in the regular English class?29. When the speaker described his first school, what were his feeling?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.ATask 2: Drinking, Gambling and GolfA man was walking in the city when he was accosted by a particularly dirty-looking bum, who asked him for a couple of dollars for dinner. The man took out his wallet, extracted two dollars and asked, “If I give you this money, will you take it and buy whiskey?”“No, I stopped drinking years ago,” the bum said.“Will you use it to gamble?”“I don’t gamble. I need everything I can get just to stay alive?”“Will you spend the money on green fees at a golf course?””Are you nuts? I haven’t played golf for 20 years!”The mad said, “Well, I’m not going to give you two dollars. Instead, I’ m going to take you to my home for a terrific dinner cooked by m y wife.”The bum was surprised, “Won’t your wife be furious with you for doi ng that? I know I ‘m dirty, and I probably smell pretty bad.”The man replied, “That’s OK. I just want her to see what a man look s like who’d given up drinking, gambling, and golf.”Task3: Why buy lottery tickets?Charles: Did you hear? Next week’s lottery will be 28 million dollar s! You got your ticket yet?Joan: I didn’t buy lottery tickets, and I don’t gamble on other ways, either. Lottery tickets ate just another way of taxingthe poor.Charles: What do you mean by that?Joan: Many of the big spenders on lottery tickets ate poor. They a re spending money they can’t afford to spend.Charles: I just buy lottery tickets for fun. You know…the first prize is a huge amount, and if would be exciting.Joan: But you don’t need the money to enjoy life, so for you it’sa game. But when the poor buy lottery tickets, it is often out of desperation.Charles: You must be right. Casinos are opening everywhere, and many people go on gambling holiday—you can even take a gamblingcruise.Joan: Imagine being on an ocean cruise and spending all your time i ndoors bent over a card table or a roulette wheel.Charles: Maybe there should be some programs to help people overcome their gambling addictions something similar to Alcoholics Anonymous.Joan: There’s indeed an online program that can help. But nobody c an force gamblers to join it. They must first want to be cured themselves.For Reference6. She thinks many (of the) big spenders on lottery are poor, spending money they can’t afford to spend.7. He just buys lottery tickets foe fun. He thinks ifhe won a huge amount, it would be exciting.8. They buy lottery tickets out of desperation. And the thrill of a win, of something for nothing, is addictive.9. Casinos are opening everywhere, many people go on gambling holidays, and one can even take a gambling cruise.10. It will be helpful to habitual gamblers only when they want to be cured themselves.News ReportHumanity is indivisible.Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations:Peace must be sought above all because it is a condition for every me mber of the human family to live a life of dignity and security.We have entered the third millennium through a gate of fire. If today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better and we see farther, we will realize that humanity is indivisible.New threats make no distinction between races, nations, or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth or statu s. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all, in pain and in p rosperity, has gripped young and old…because beneath the surface of state and nations, ideas and language, lies the fate of individual hu man beings in needed. Answering their needs will be the mission of th e United Nations in the century to come. Thank you very much.。
1998年英语专业八级考试听力MP3
1998年英语专业八级考试听力MP3TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1998)GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In sections A , B and C, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY, listen carefully a nd then answerthe questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Colored AnswerSheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now liste n to the talk.1. According to the talk, compulsive gambling and alcoholic addiction share s imilarities because.A. no actual figure of addicts has been reportedB. no scientific studies have yielded effective solutionsC. both affect all sectors of societyD. both cause serious mental health problems2. The development of the gambling compulsion can be described as being .A. gradualB. slowC. periodicD. radical3. G. A. mentioned in the talk is believed to be a(n) .A. anonymous groupB. charity organizationC. gamblers' clubD. treatment center4. At the end of the talk, the speaker's attitude towards the cure of gambling addiction isA. unclearB. uncertainC. optimisticD. pessimistic5. Throughout the talk, the speaker examines the issue of gambling in a way.A. balancedB. biasedC. detached .D. lengthy-SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end o f the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his .A. clothesB. ageC. physiqueD. appearance7. The most detailed information about the woman robber is her .A. mannersB. talkativenessC. heightD. jewelry8. The interview is believed to be a bank .A. receptionistB. managerC. customerD. cashier9. Which of the following about the two robbers is NOT true?A. Both were wearing dark sweaters.B. Neither was wearing glasses.C. Both were about the same age.D. One of them was marked by a scar.10. After the incident the interviewee sounded .A. calm and quietB. nervous and numbC. timid and confusedD. shocked and angrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news it em, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to t he news.11. According to the news, the enormous food shortage in Iraq has the most damaging effecton its ____ .A. national economyB. adult populationC. young childrenD. national currency12. The WFP is appealing to donor nations to .A. double last year's food-aidB. raise $122 million for Iraqi peopleC. provide each Iraqi family with $26 a monthD. help Iraq's 12 million populationQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. As s result of the agreement, the two countries' arsenals are to be ____ .A. upgraded in reliability and safetyB. reduced in size and numberC. dismantled partly later this yearD. maintained in their present conditionsQuestions 14 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news it em, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.14. We can infer from the news that of teenagers under survey in 1993 were drug users.A. 28%B. 22%C. 25%D. 21%15. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Parents are asked to join in the anti-drug efforts.B. The use of both cocaine and LSD are on the increase.C. Teenagers hold a different view of drugs today.D. Marijuana is as powerful as it used to be.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the l ecture, take noteson the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEE T ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paperfor note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make surethe word y ou fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Rise of RPHistorical reasonsReceived Pronunciation (RP) was originally associated with a (1)spoken in the region between central England and London, including Oxford a nd Cambridge.Its survival was due to its use by the (2) in the 14th century and by university students in the (3) Ages.Its rise in importance resulted from its application in government and official documents.The prestige of its (4) pattern of pronunciation came about with itsuse in (5)_____ schools in the 19th century.As a result, its ( 6 ) is accepted by television and the radio, theprofessions and teaching English as a foreign language.Three characteristics of RP1) its speakers don't regard themselves as connected with any geographical r egion;RP is largely used in England;RP is a "class" accent, associated with (7) social classes.Its present statusDecline in the prestige of RP is the result of a) loss of monopoly of educatio n by theprivileged; b) (8) of high education in the post-war period. However, it still retains its eminence among certain professional people. There is a rise in the status of all (9) accents.We are moving towards the (10) position: general acceptance ofall regional accents and absence of a class accent that transcends all regions.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______听力原文SECTION A TALKOne of the largest mental health problems in the USis that of compulsive ga mbling. Although there areno scientific studies that have discovered the exact number, experts estimate that between 5 and 10million persons are compulsi ve gamblers.Like addiction to alcohol, compulsive gamblingcrosses all social and econo mic lines. Compulsive gamblers can be found in any profession andat any leve l of society. And the addiction affects both men and women.The gambling compulsion usually starts in the early teens. The more often the young gambler indulges in the compulsion, the more obsessive it becomes. B y his early twenties, the averagecompulsive gambler has moved from small bets on such things as football games, horse racesand card games to more ad ult, more expensive gambling forms.For the compulsive gambler, life becomes one continuous gambling binge. The compulsionconsumes the gambling addict to such a point that nothing els e matters, not even health,children or family. Studies by psychiatrists seem to show that compulsive gamblers bet to pulsive gamblers never stop when they are ahead. Instead, they try to win more. Oneimportant character istic of the compulsive gambler is his optimism. Like most human beings,h e does not like to admit defeat. Consequently, he hides his real motivations f or gambling withlarge amounts of enthusiastic optimism. The more deeply he is committed to betting — andlosing — the more fanatical his convictio n that the next bet will make him wealthy.Compulsive gamblers will use almost any means to get money to "feed their a ddiction".Borrowing or stealing from friends or family is the first method gam blers usually employ to getcash. Other common ways to get money are embezzlement, robbery or writing false checks.In recent years, psychiatrists discovered some of the basic reasons for compu lsive gambling.First, compulsive gamblers almost always come from homes la cking in love. As a result, the childgrows up still looking for the warmth of fam ily love and parental approval. Another aspect ofthe nature of the gambling addict is that unconsciously he wants to lose. Psychiatrists believethat compul sive gamblers consciously may expect to win; however, there is a strong ele ment of self-destruction in their inclination to continue betting until all is lo st.One New York psychiatrist believes that basically the compulsive gambler is seeking an answerto the question."Do you love me?" By winning, he receives a "yes" answer. However, thegamb lers cannot accept the "yes" he sometimes receives because it is contrary to the reality ofhis (or her) unhappy childhood — one lacking in family love. Th e gambler is compelled tocontinue betting, thus expressing again and again his need for love and acceptance. Whengambling addicts do win some mone y, they rarely spend any of it on their families. Money is likea sacred thing to the addicts. It is reserved for one thing: placing a bet.Fortunately, there is hope and help today for gambling addicts. Psychiatric tre atment is onepossibility. Group therapy seems to help in some cases. The m ost readily available and theleast expensive help comes from an organization called "Gamblers Anonymous"(G. A.).Patterned after Alcoholics Anonymous — G. A. has more than ninety c hapters in the US withabout 3000 gamblers seeking a cure. One basic rule of G. A. is the gamblers must pa y back alltheir debts, even if it takes many years to do so. Thousands of mem bers credit G. A. withsaving them from their addiction and helping them to build new lives free from the gamblingsickness.Happily, today with more public interest in helping the gambling addicts over come his problemand with such organizations as the G. A. , the gambler wh o wants help to break his addiction now has some place or someone to turn t o.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: Mrs Harrison, thanks very much for coming down here to the station. I, I k now you've beenthrough a terrible situation here today. I'd just like to go oversome of the things you toldSergeant Clark at the bank.W: All right.M: Ah, ah. Would you like a cup of tea?W: No, no. I'm fine.M: All right.W: Thanks.M: Well, could you describe the two people who robbed the bank for this rep ort we're filling outhere? Now, anything at all you could remember would be e xtremely helpful to us.W: Well, just, I can only remember basically what I said before.M: That's all right.W: The man was tall, about six feet, and he had dark hair.M: Dark hair.W: And he had moustache.M: Very good. All right. Did he have any other distinguishing marks, I mean, s cars, for example,anything like that?W: Scars, no, none of that I can remember.M: Do you remember how old he was, by any chance?W: Eh, well, I guess around thirty. M: Around thirty.W: Maybe younger, plus or minus a few years.M: Mmm ... All right. Do you remember anything about what he might have b een wearing?W; Yes, he, he had on a dark sweater, a, a solid color. You know, the kind of c olor youngpeople fancy nowadays.M: Anything else that strikes you at the moment?W: I, I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater, a cotton on e with dark, Ithink, dark stripes. It looks like a good brand.M: Ah, very good.W; Yes, yes.M: Mm, all right, now. Can you tell us anything about the woman robber, Mrs Harrison?W: Well, I remember that she did most of the talking. She had the gun pointe d at us and shetold us to lie down on the floor and not to move if we knew wh at was good for us. I rememberI've just felt like she was pointing the gun at me and my little daughter was right next to meand she, she was just so frigh tened.M: Um, Mrs Harrison, Could you describe her for us?W: She was wearing a wool sweater.M: Ah, very good.W: I remember it was a dark color, navy blue or ... or dark gray.M: Dark gray?W: And I guess she was in her late twenties. Her hair was short, very short a nd a bit curly.M: Do you remember how tall she was?W: Ah, about the same as myself, around five four.M: Five four. All right, do you remember anything else about this woman? W: Yes, I remember the woman was wearing a pendant around her neck. M: Oh.W: I remember it specifically because I was then near the counter, next to th e bank managerand my little daughter started to cry.M: Ah.W: And this woman came up to me and was very rude to me and said "Shut your damned kid,lady!" So I got a good look at her and she was sort of, uh, p ulling on the chain and playing withthe pendant.M: Oh?W: It was gold, well, anyway, look like gold. And it had a strange shape.M: Ah, now did either of them have any other noticeable characteristics, M rs Harrison? Now,just take a minute ...W: Er, no, I don't.M: ... to think about this.W: No, no, this is really all I can remember.M: Well, did either of them wear glasses?W: No, no, I'm sure of that.M: All right, Mrs Harrison. I really appreciate what you've been through toda y. I'm just goingto ask you to look at some photographs before you leave, if y ou don't mind. It won't take verylong. Can you do that for me?W: Ah, all right.M: Would you like to step this way with me, please?W: OK, sure.M: Thank you.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (For Questions 11—12)The UN Agency, the World Food Program, says Iraqis facing a food crisis, whic h is causing enormous damage to its population, especially its children. The agency said more and more Iraqis were spendingtheir whole day struggling to find food for survival and the social fabric of the nation was disintegrating . It said that an entire generation ofchildren was being harmed irreparably an d thecountry was at a point of no return.WFP says that 60% of Iraq's population, that's 12 million people, are struggl ing to survive because of food shortages. Food for the average family cost the equivalent of $26 a month.The devaluation of the Iraqi dinar means that fe w can afford this. Levels of severemalnutrition among children under five n ow can compare with the Sub-Sahara in Africa. Theinfant mortality rate has risen by more than 700% compared with before the Gulf War. Many donor sta tes say the Baghdad government should take the blame for this because it re fusesto raise money for food by selling oil through the UN as the sanction rul es allow. WFP is askingfor $122 million dollars to help feed 2 million people, mostly those under five or over seventy.That's double the size of last year's pr ogram, although the agency says it's still a fraction ofthe real need. WFP als o acknowledges that it's unlikely that governments around the world will res pond fully to this appeal.News Item Two (For Question 13)France and US have signed an accord to share sensitive information on nucl ear weapons. USand French officials say the agreement is aimed at maintaini ng the reliability and safety of thetwo countries' nuclear stockpiles. As part o f the accord, the US will share with France itscomputer data on simulated nu clear explosions. Until now, the US data was shared only withBritain. Officials say the agreement will help the two countries maintain their arsenals after th eysign a global treaty expected later this year that bans all nuclear testing. News Item Three (For Questions 14—15)The University of Michigan carries out a survey of the drug habits among you ng people everyyear. And this year it's concluded that the teenage drug use is rapidly getting worse.25% ofthe teenagers surveyed said they'd used an illegal drug at sometime i n their lives, an increasedof 3% from the figures for 1993. Marijuana use is cli mbing back towards levels not seen sincethe late 197O's. And today's Marijua na is up to ten times more potent than in the past. Cocaineuse, which leveled off in the early 1990's, is also making a comeback among 13 to 15-year-olds. And LSD, which had dropped considerably in the 1980's, is also on the rise. Officials involved inthe survey say the results indicate that young people no lo nger see drugs as dangerous;instead, the researchers say, they are viewed as glamorous or trendy. The health secretary saidit was time to sound the alarm and the secretary calls for a powerful anti-drug message to besent to childre n, with parents leading the way.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGPeople in Britain speak English with different accents according to where they come from andwhat kind of social status they have or what kind of educatio n they've received, etc. Amongthe various accents, there is one that has achi eved a certain eminence. It's called ReceivedPronunciation (RP). And this acc ent is also generally preferred for teaching English as a foreignlanguage and f or reading BBC news bulletins. Why is it so? Let's take a look at how it evolve dover the years, its features, its present status and so forth.Received pronunciation (RP) had its historical origins in a dialect of English spoken particularlyin the region stretching southeast from the Midlands, whic h is in the central part of England,down towards London, the capital city. The two historical university cities of Cambridge andOxford, though outside this re gion, are also considered as the place of origin for the dialect.The dialect su rvived because of its association with centers of power and influence. It was spoken by the merchant classes of London in the 14th century, for example, and would hadbeen familiar to students attending the universities of Oxford a nd Cambridge in the MiddleAges. Its status as an important dialect was enh anced by its use in government and officialdocuments from about 1430 onwar ds. More recently, its association since the 19th centurywith public schools h elped to achieve special pre-eminence for its distinctive patterns of pronun ciation. So we can see, in the United Kingdom, at least, this accent is usually associated with a higher social or educational background, with the BBC and certain professions and it's most commonly taught to students learning Englis h as a foreign language.For many such students, it is the only accent they are prepared to learn and a teacher whodoes not use it may have difficulty in fin ding a position as a teacher of English in certain non-English speaking countri es. Other names for this accent are the Queen's English, OxfordEnglish and B BC English. As the accent has lost its former regional affiliations, it is now the most widely understood and spoken of all the accents within the British Isles. So what are the most interesting characteristics of RP? Firstly, a relatively very small numberof speakers who use it do not identify themselves as comin g from any particular geographicalregion; secondly, RP is largely confined t o England and there it is a non-localized accent;thirdly, RP is a class accent. I n England, the higher the social class of the speaker, the less theregional acc ent, and also the use of local words and grammatical forms.As we have seen, RP, a non-regional accent based on the speech of the great pubic schools,has been accepted as a standard inside England for well over a century. Increasingly, however,there has been a tendency for the accent of e ducated people in South-Eastern England to replace strict RP as the standard . RP has lost some of its prestige, as people educated atpublic schools have l ost their monopoly of power in education. A considerable part has beenpla yed by the great post-war expansion of higher education. Today, the majori ty of universitystudents are not speakers of RP. Most schoolteachers too, do n ot use RP, but an educatedregional accent.This is not to say that RP has lost all its magic. It still has a prestige, for exa mple, in thefinancial and banking sectors, among senior government officials and officers of the armedforces. Moreover, since it has been so fully describe d, it is the accent usually taught toforeigners learning British English. But the public schools are no longer felt to have a monopoly of "correct speech", and the prestige of educated regional speech has risen enormously during the p ast half-century. Since an educated South-Eastern accent is fairly similar to RP ,there is a tendency nowadays for this to be regarded as a standard. It is the accent used, forexample, by many radio and television announcers and prese nters. On the other hand, therehas been a rise in the prestige of all regional accents in Britain. And it is probable that we aremoving towards the American position, in which it is normal and acceptable for a speaker touse an educat ed accent, and there is no supra-regional class accent.参考答案PART ISection A 1—5 CADCASection B 6—10 ADCDASection C 11-15 CBDBDSection D1. dialect2. merchants/ businessmen3. Middle/ Medieval4. distinctive/ unique/ special5. public6. accent/ pronunciation7. higher/ upper 8. expansion/ growth 9. regional/ local 10. American/ US。
英语演讲Chapter4 Selecting a topic and a purpose
4 Phrasing the central idea
• Central idea: A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech. • The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish. • The central idea is usually expressed as a simple, declarative sentence that refines and sharpens the specific purpose statement.
Topic: Qipao. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the history, styles, and cultural impact of qipao. Central Idea: Qipao was created in the 1920s,comes a number of styles, and has exerted significant cultural impact on ChinesVery likely, a number of items on your lists will strike you as potential topics. Try to free-associate. Write down a word or idea. What does that trigger in your mind? Whatever it is, write that down next and keep going until you have several ideas. • For example, working from the lists above, on speaker composed sublists for movies, three-gorges and Yang Liwei. In the first column, movies made her think of the academy awards, the academy awards remind her of prizes, then lotteries. Lotteries is a form of gambling. Suddenly, this speaker remembered an article she had read on the problem of gambling addiction. The idea clicked in her mind. Then she developed an excellent speech titled “ Gambling Addiction”.
[整理]unit7单词词组
![[整理]unit7单词词组](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ac6c3193c8d376eeaeaa31cd.png)
Unit 7 Gambling Addiction1. Useful Expressions1. 孤注一掷go for broke2. 嗜赌成瘾者compulsive gamblers3. 消除wipe away4. 失去尊严lose one’s pride5. 生存哲学existential philosophy6. 牌室的常客card room regulars7. 付出高昂的代价pay a steep price8. 主题公园theme park9. 不可救药的吸毒成瘾者hard-core drug addicts10. 在边缘摇摆teeter on the verge11. 虐待儿童child abuse12. 家庭暴力domestic violence13. 许多 a host of14. 成为重大新闻make headline15. 无法理解beyond one’s comprehension16. 内心流血bleed inside17. 清醒起来sober up18. 为…而不顾一切be desperate for19. 保险单insurance policy20. 债台高筑suffocating debts21. 前途无量promising future22. 呆滞无神的双眼expressionless eyes23. 每况愈下的健康状况failing health24. 再玩几手 a few more handsWords and Expressions1. go for broke:commit or expend all of one's available resources toward achievement of a goal;risk everything in one determined attempt at sth.*Why not go for broke and apply for Harvard University?他决定孤注一掷把所有的钱全部投向股市。
电影孤独一掷作文
电影孤独一掷作文The movie "The Gambler" is a compelling story that delves into the dark and intense world of gambling addiction.电影《孤独一掷》是一个扣人心弦的故事，深入探讨了赌博成瘾的黑暗和紧张世界。
The protagonist, Jim Bennett, is a university professor with a dangerous addiction to gambling, which threatens to unravel his life completely. The audience is taken on a rollercoaster ride as they watch Jim make increasingly risky bets in an attempt to win back his losses.主角吉姆·贝内特是一个大学教授，他对赌博有着危险的瘾头，威胁着彻底解开他的生活。
观众在电影中被带上了过山车，看着吉姆进行着越来越危险的赌注，试图赢回他的损失。
The movie shines a light on the destructive nature of gambling addiction, showing how it can consume a person's life and lead them down a path of self-destruction. It also explores the psychological and emotional turmoil that comes with addiction, highlighting the desperation and hopelessness that can plague those in its grip.电影揭示了赌博成瘾的毁灭性本质，展示了它如何吞噬一个人的生活，引领他们走上一条自我毁灭的道路。
考研6000词汇超纲词汇
6000词汇超纲词汇出现次数大于5次1.according 依照2.casino 赌场; 娱乐场3.gambling赌博4.advantage 有利条件, 有利因素, 优势Her Olimpic experience gave her a big advantage over the other contestants for the final victory.她的奥运会参赛经历使她比起其他竞技对手在争取最后获胜上具有很大的优势。
益处, 利益There are advantages to not having servants.不用仆人有不用仆人的优越性。
5.cultural文化的6.homeless无家可归的7.leader领袖, 领导人8.media媒体9.shipper托运人,发货人10.technological技术上的11.businessman商人12.intellect智力, 理解力Newton is a man of great intellect.牛顿有非凡的才智。
才智非凡的人; 知识分子He was one of the most formidable intellects of his time.他是他那时代的盖世奇才。
test最新的，刚发生的14.online (计算机)联机的, (与计算机)联线的We planned to build an online database.我们计划建一个联机数据库。
15.cloning无性(繁殖)系化,纯系化16.listener倾听者, 收听者Her voice thrilled the listeners.她的声音使听者悚然。
17.reasoning运用思考、理解、推想等能力的做法或过程; 推理Your clear reasoning is quite correct.你的条理清楚的推论非常正确。
18.suffering身体或心灵的痛苦, 苦难The medication should ease the suffering.这种疗法能减轻痛苦。
英语演讲Chapter4 Selecting a topic and a purpose
2 Determining the general purpose
• People will fall into one of two overlapping categories– to inform or to persuade.
• When your general purpose is to inform, you act as teacher or lecture , your aim is to enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listener . • When your general purpose is t persuade, you act like an advocate or a partisan , you want to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience.
Topic: Qipao. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the history, styles, and cultural impact of qipao. Central Idea: Qipao was created in the 1920s,comes a number of styles, and has exerted significant cultural impact on Chinese women.
• Another way to think of your central idea is as your residual message. • Most of the time the central idea will encapsulate the main points to be developed in the body of the speech. For example:
gambling
GamblingIntroductionGambling, also known as betting, wagering, or gaming, is the act of participating in games of chance with the hope of obtaining wealth or other desirable outcomes. It is a popular form of entertainment and has existed for centuries in various forms across different cultures.Gambling is typically conducted in establishments such as casinos, betting shops, or online platforms. It involves placing bets on the outcome of an event, such as a card game, sports match, or lottery draw. The outcome is typically determined by chance, rather than skill or strategy.History of GamblingThe history of gambling can be traced back to ancient civilizations. There is evidence of gambling activities in ancient China, Egypt, and Rome. For example, the Chinese were known to play a game similar to Keno, while the Romans placed bets on chariot races.Gambling has also played a significant role in the development of modern society. In the 17th century, gambling houses became popular in Europe, providing a venue for people to engage in various forms of gambling. Over time, the industry has evolved to include different types of games and betting options.Types of Gambling1.Casino Gambling: This includes games such as blackjack, roulette,poker, and slot machines. Casinos offer a wide range of gambling options and are usually characterized by their luxurious ambiance and entertainmentofferings.2.Sports Betting: This involves placing bets on the outcome of sportingevents such as football, basketball, or horse racing. It has gained significantpopularity in recent years, particularly with the rise of online betting platforms.3.Lotteries: Lotteries are games of chance where participants buytickets with the hope of winning a prize. The winners are determined by arandom drawing, and the prizes can range from small amounts of money to life-changing jackpots.4.Online Gambling: With the advent of the internet, gambling hasbecome easily accessible through online platforms. Online casinos, poker rooms, and sports betting websites allow people to gamble from the comfort of their homes.The Pros and Cons of GamblingWhile gambling can provide entertainment and the opportunity to win money, it also carries certain risks and disadvantages. It is important for individuals to be aware of both the pros and cons before engaging in gambling activities.Pros of Gambling1.Entertainment Value: Many people enjoy gambling as a form ofentertainment. It can provide a thrilling and exciting experience, especiallywhen playing games that require skill and strategy.2.Potential Financial Gain: Gambling offers the possibility of winningmoney, which can be a major attraction for some individuals. Winning a large jackpot can be life-changing and provide financial freedom.Cons of Gambling1.Financial Risks: The most significant drawback of gambling is thepotential for financial loss. For most gamblers, the odds are stacked againstthem, and the majority of people will end up losing more money than they win.2.Addictive Behavior: Gambling can be addictive and lead tocompulsiv e behavior. This can have a detrimental effect on a person’s financial, emotional, and social well-being.Responsible GamblingIt is essential for individuals to gamble responsibly and be aware of the risks involved. Here are some tips for responsible gambling:1.Set a Budget: Determine how much money you are willing to spendon gambling and stick to that budget. Never gamble with money that youcannot afford to lose.2.Take Breaks: It’s important to take regular breaks and not spendexcessive time gambling. This helps prevent impulsive behavior and maintainsa healthy balance in other aspects of life.3.Know the Odds: Understand the odds of the games you are playing.This will help you make informed decisions and avoid unrealistic expectations.4.Seek Help if Needed: If you or someone you know is struggling withgambling addiction, seek professional help. There are numerous resources and support groups available to assist individuals in overcoming their addiction.ConclusionGambling has been a popular activity for centuries and continues to thrive in various forms today. While it can provide entertainment and the potential forfinancial gain, it is important to approach gambling responsibly and be aware of the risks involved. By setting limits, being informed, and seeking help if needed, individuals can enjoy the thrill of gambling while maintaining a healthy balance in their lives.。
addiction词根 -回复
addiction词根-回复the following questions:1. What is addiction?2. How does addiction develop?3. What are the effects of addiction on individuals and society?4. How can addiction be treated?5. How can addiction be prevented?6. Conclusion.Title: The Journey of Understanding AddictionIntroduction:Addiction is a complex and deeply rooted phenomenon that continues to plague individuals and societies worldwide. From substance abuse to behavioral compulsions, addiction manifests in various forms, affecting the lives of countless individuals. In this article, we will explore the origin and development of addiction, its impacts on individuals and society, available treatment options, and preventative measures that can be taken.1. What is addiction?Addiction can be defined as a chronic, compulsive, and relapsing condition characterized by the persistent pursuit of rewarding stimuli despite harmful consequences. It presents a disruption in brain circuitry, leading to an individual's inability to control their impulses. At the core of addiction lies a dysregulation in the brain's reward system, altering its chemistry and reinforcing the pursuit of addictive substances or behaviors.2. How does addiction develop?Addiction can stem from various factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and social pressures. Individuals may initially engage in addictive substances or behaviors as a means of coping with stress, trauma, or for recreational purposes. Substance abuse, such as drugs or alcohol, can cause chemical imbalances in the brain, creating an intense craving for those substances. Similarly, behavioral addictions, such as gambling or gaming, can result in the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward, reinforcing the addictive behavior.3. What are the effects of addiction on individuals and society?The effects of addiction on individuals are profound andwide-ranging. Physically, addiction can lead to deteriorating health, impaired cognitive functioning, and increased risk of diseases. Psychologically, addiction can cause mood disorders, anxiety, depression, and heightened compulsivity. Socially, individuals may face strained relationships, loss of employment, financial difficulties, and legal consequences.On a larger scale, addiction exacts a societal toll. It strains healthcare systems, overburdens law enforcement agencies, and erodes community cohesion. Substance abuse contributes to increased crime rates, impaired workforce productivity, and strained social services. The ripple effects of addiction can be felt across families, schools, workplaces, and communities, perpetuating a cycle of suffering.4. How can addiction be treated?While addiction is a chronic condition, it can be effectivelymanaged and treated. Treatment approaches typically involve a combination of medical interventions, psychotherapy, and support systems. Detoxification, medication-assisted therapy, and behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, have shown promising results in helping individuals recover from substance abuse.In behavioral addictions, therapies like cognitive restructuring and motivational interviewing can be beneficial. Support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous, provide a platform for individuals to share their experiences, seek guidance, and find solace in a community of peers who understand their struggles.5. How can addiction be prevented?Prevention is a key aspect of addressing addiction. Educational programs that promote awareness and provide accurate information about the risks and consequences of substance abuse are essential. Early intervention and support for individuals at risk, such as those with a family history of addiction, can help prevent its development.Creating a healthy and supportive environment, both at home and in schools, can mitigate the factors contributing to addiction. Encouraging healthy coping mechanisms, fostering strong social connections, and promoting resilience enhance an individual's ability to resist addictive substances or behaviors.Additionally, governmental policies aimed at reducing the accessibility and availability of addictive substances, along with regulations targeting advertising and marketing practices, can significantly aid in prevention efforts.6. Conclusion:Addiction remains a formidable challenge that affects individuals, families, and societies globally. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and multifaceted nature of addiction, we can develop comprehensive approaches for prevention and treatment. Combining scientific advancements, community support, and policy interventions, we can collectively address addiction and provide individuals with the tools needed to lead healthier, fulfillinglives free from the grips of addiction.。
戒赌的危害英文作文
戒赌的危害英文作文英文：Gambling addiction is a serious problem that affects many individuals and families. The dangers of gambling addiction are numerous and can have a devastating impact on one's life. One of the most significant dangers of gambling addiction is financial ruin. When a person becomes addicted to gambling, they often spend more money than they can afford, leading to debt and financial instability. This can lead to a downward spiral of financial problems, which can be difficult to recover from.Another danger of gambling addiction is the impact it can have on relationships. When a person becomes addictedto gambling, they often prioritize their gambling overtheir relationships with loved ones. This can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust, which can bedifficult to repair. In severe cases, gambling addictioncan even lead to divorce or the loss of custody of children.Gambling addiction can also have a negative impact on one's mental health. The stress and anxiety that come with gambling addiction can lead to depression and other mental health issues. Additionally, the shame and guilt that many gamblers feel can further exacerbate these issues.Overall, the dangers of gambling addiction are significant and can have a lasting impact on one's life. It is important for individuals who struggle with gambling addiction to seek help and support in order to overcomethis problem.中文：赌博成瘾是一个严重的问题，影响了许多个人和家庭。
戒赌名言短句英文作文
戒赌名言短句英文作文英文：As someone who has struggled with a gambling addiction in the past, I understand the importance of staying away from gambling. Here are some quotes and sayings that have helped me on my journey to recovery:1. "The only way to win in gambling is to not play at all." This quote reminds me that the only way to truly avoid losing money and falling back into my addiction is to not gamble at all.2. "You can't win if you don't play, but you also can't lose." This is a reminder that while I may miss out on the thrill of gambling, I also won't experience the pain of losing money.3. "Gambling is a disease, but it's also a choice." This quote reminds me that while I may have apredisposition to gambling addiction, ultimately it's my choice whether or not I engage in the behavior.4. "When you're gambling, you're not living." This is a reminder that gambling can become all-consuming and take away from the joys and experiences of everyday life.5. "The house always wins." This is a reminder thateven if I do win money in the short term, the odds are always stacked against me in the long run.中文：作为一个曾经有赌博成瘾的人，我深刻理解远离赌博的重要性。
涉赌谈心谈话记录模板范文
涉赌谈心谈话记录模板范文英文回答：Gambling Addiction Conversation Record Template.Introduction.Introduce yourself and your role (e.g., counselor, therapist, supervisor).Explain the purpose and nature of the conversation (e.g., to discuss gambling addiction concerns).Establish confidentiality and ground rules for the session.Assessment.Ask open-ended questions to gather information about the individual's gambling behavior, motivations, andconsequences.Assess the severity of the addiction using screening tools or diagnostic criteria.Explore underlying factors contributing to theaddiction (e.g., emotional or financial stressors).Intervention.Educate the individual about gambling addiction, its symptoms, and potential risks.Set goals with the individual aimed at reducing or eliminating gambling behavior.Discuss treatment options, including counseling, support groups, and medication.Provide resources and referrals for additional support.Follow-Up Plan.Schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress and adjust treatment plans as needed.Encourage the individual to seek support from family, friends, or support groups.Discuss relapse prevention strategies and early warning signs of potential relapse.Documentation.Document the conversation thoroughly, including observations, assessments, interventions, and follow-up plans.Maintain confidentiality and comply with all ethical guidelines.中文回答：涉赌谈心谈话记录模板范文。
戒赌的作文500字
戒赌的作文500字英文回答：Gambling addiction is a serious issue that affects many individuals around the world. It is a problem that can lead to financial ruin, strained relationships, and overall negative consequences. Quitting gambling is not an easy task, but it is definitely possible with determination and support.First and foremost, it is important to recognize the harmful effects of gambling and the reasons why you want to quit. Understanding the negative impact it has on your life will motivate you to make a change. It is also crucial to seek help from professionals or support groups whospecialize in gambling addiction. They can provide guidance, counseling, and strategies to overcome the addiction.Another effective way to quit gambling is to find healthy alternatives or hobbies to replace the urge togamble. Engaging in activities such as sports, art, or even cooking can help divert your attention and provide a senseof fulfillment. Surrounding yourself with supportivefriends and family members who encourage your recovery journey is also essential.Additionally, it is important to set realistic goalsand track your progress. Celebrate small victories alongthe way to stay motivated and focused. Remember thatquitting gambling is a process, and setbacks may occur. However, it is crucial to stay persistent and not give up.中文回答：戒赌是一个严重的问题，影响着全球许多人。
addiction的用法 (2)
addiction的用法一、概述添加(addiction)是一个拥有多个意思和用法的英语单词。
在不同的上下文中，添加可以表示成瘾行为、迷恋某事物、以及增加或附加某种元素等。
本文将详细探讨添加这一单词的不同用法，并提供实际例句以帮助读者更好地理解。
二、成瘾行为在现代社会中，"addiction"通常用来指代对物质或活动产生过度依赖的行为，如药物滥用、酗酒和赌博等。
这些成瘾行为可能对个人身体健康和心理健康造成严重影响，并且常常导致家庭关系问题和法律问题。
1. 药物成瘾 (Drug addiction)药物成瘾是指一个人对药物产生强烈渴求并难以自主控制的状态。
药物可以包括毒品、处方药和非处方药等。
例如，“He is struggling with drug addiction and desperately needs professional help.”（他正与毒品上瘾作斗争，迫切需要专业帮助）.2. 酒精成瘾 (Alcohol addiction)酒精成瘾是指一个人在长期过量饮酒后对酒精产生身体和心理上的依赖。
例如，“His alcohol addiction has deeply impacted his personal and professional life.”（他的酗酒问题严重影响了他的个人和职业生活）.3. 赌博成瘾 (Gambling addiction)赌博成瘾是指对赌博行为上瘾，无法有效控制自己的赌博欲望。
例如，“Helost everything due to his gambling addiction.”（因为赌博上瘾，他失去了一切）.三、迷恋除了表示成瘾行为外，添加这个词还可用来描述对某种事物或活动的迷恋程度。
1. 对电子游戏的迷恋 (Addiction to video games)许多年轻人陷入对电子游戏的沉迷而忽略学业和社交活动。
例如，“His addiction to video games has affected his academic performance.”（他沉迷于电子游戏，导致学业受影响）.2. 对社交媒体的迷恋 (Addiction to social media)随着社交媒体日益流行，许多人都对其产生了强烈的依赖，并且频繁地使用各类社交媒体平台。
成瘾 Addiction 英语作文
AddictionAddiction is an illness- be it a drug, habit, or a person, that changes the way our brain thinks, functions, and processes information. Addiction leads to compulsive behaviour that provides temporary pleasure but holds long-term harmful effects on an addi ct’s life.The scientific panel defines addiction as a neural disorder where a person shows addictive behaviours that may include but are not confined to substance abuse, like drugs like excessive work, cocaine, or even chocolate, alcohol, marijuana, etc.The Essay on Addiction throws light on the aftermath effects of compulsive habits or behaviour like excessive indulgence or gambling, which fall into addiction. Besides the article on Essay on Addiction, we have broken the essay in paragraphs to help you prepare a speech on addiction.Long and Short Essays on Addiction for Students and Kids in EnglishWe provide children and students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 250 words on the topic “Addiction” for reference.Short Essay on Addiction 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Addiction is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Addiction is any bad habit that harms the well-being of an individual. Addiction is an emerging common and harmful problem developed among youth. The mysterious neural disorder makes such little sense to the onlooker and even to the addict. Addicts are prone to making poor and unhealthy choices due to the low brain process of information.Addiction is a long process that requires the supp ort of the addict’s friends and family at various addiction levels like mentally, physically, psychologically, and emotionally. The addict hardly recognises his or her behaviour or actions as abnormal or unusual and have almost no control over their impulses. Addiction not only affects physically but ruins the addict’s mental peace and soundness of the mind. Addiction is a contagious disorder that is very difficult to overcome and negatively impacts those around you. Addiction can only be resolved through step-by-step therapies and treatments. Addiction is a chronic disease and is one of the mostsevere health problems faced around the world. There are various types addictions that different people get tangled like, Drug addiction, TV addiction, Internet addiction, Shopping, Social networking sites addiction, Video games addiction, Facebook addiction, Computer addiction, Gambling addiction, Pornography addiction, etc.Addiction knows no prejudice and exists among different religion, orientation or sex, race, etc. A person can get addicted to essential habits like shopping, X-box, eating, gambling, or drugs. Addiction is an illness that requires professionalhelp, and once a person falls in the trap of habit, he will always remain an addict. But many times, addicts feel the urge to try new things just out of curiosity or heal from pain or trauma temporarily. For example, a person playing video games in between their work hours is an effect of addiction cause the person would not stop playing and will end up ruining their time.Overcoming addiction is a complicated process. With the right treatments and therapies, it can take months or even years for addicts to get rid of their addiction problem. However, several people rebound into the pit of addiction afterweeks, months, or even years of recovery as addiction serves as an escape.Essay on Addiction 250 Words in EnglishIntroductionPatrick Carnes once said that ‘Addiction is a relationship, a pathological relationship in which obsession replaces people’. Wit h keeping this in mind, addiction is defined as a complex brain condition that may result from overindulgence in a particular habit or thing. Addiction is an obsession over something or anything- social media or internet, drugs, gaming, or evenshopping and can cause fatal consequences. Addiction takes shape in various forms and takes a while for the addict to realise the type of addiction as it tends to affect the person emotionally or physically.The Cost of AddictionAddiction comes at a high cost, and we need to recognise the harmful consequences it holds. The high price of addiction is its dangerous health hazards, and the intake of any such threats will impact the physical and mental health of the addict and the people around him or her. For instance, if you are addicted to drugsor food, you will acquire multiple chronic diseases and illnesses. Similarly, people addicted to video games face severe mental health disorders, along with physical health problems.Addicts also face monetary issues as they use the addiction products excessively and spend loads of money on the products. Moreover, addiction hampers a person’s college or work life and affects their personal and professional relationships.ConclusionDrug addiction is life-threatening irrespective of its treatment and helps with therapies, counselling, and medications and rehab centres. However, addicts must ensure follow-ups never to retake these drugs. Family and friends play a vital role as they must support the addicts during the recovery process.Essay on Addiction 400 Words in EnglishIntroductionAddiction refers to the intake of harmful and hazardous substances or inculcation of bad habits. Addiction holds an adverse effect on thevictim, his or her family and friends. Intake of toxic substances can make the brain produce a chemical substance known as dopamine which causes changes in a person’s behaviour. Addiction is a process that will make the addict lose interest in everything around them. The addicts remain glued to a particular product such as food, drug, gaming, or social media. Addiction to anything can harm a person’s life.CausesSeveral factors contribute to addiction. A few of the most common obsessions with a genetic predisposition hold the highest possibility forsubstance abuse. Another significant reason for addiction is a coping mechanism or to escape tragic or traumatic experiences. People are also said to inherit addiction by looking at a close family member or acquaintance going under compulsive behaviours.EffectsSeveral research pieces have proved that addiction can shapeshift to any form and have intense effects on the wiring of specific neural patterns related to emotions like impulse-control, reward, decision-making, or motivation. This leads to severe addiction to the product andleads to extreme social isolation, serious health problems, financial troubles, and troubled family life. To counter and overcome addiction and adverse feelings, the addict may undergo a rebound to go back to the addictive products to solve the problem.PreventionThe proverb ‘prevention is better than cure’ signifies the importance of preventive measures in treating addiction. Preventive measures involve treatments, therapy, and use of medications. For successful implementation of the addiction, there should be a possibility foraccepting the problem over the state of denial. Family plays an instrumental role during the measures as the addict may be subjected to intense trauma. The need for emotional and psychological support during the withdrawal stage is proved helpful. Addicts must ensure to stay away from tricky situations that might trigger their impulse for addiction products.ConclusionAddiction is an involuntary process as the brain’s response to an addict’s changes leads to bad habits and addictions irrespective of the dangerous implications. People must neverassociate a person’s addictive behaviour with moral character or standards. Apart from medications, therapy, and treatments, addicts also require a lot of affection, motivation, and support from their near and dear ones.Long Essay on Addiction 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Addiction is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.IntroductionThe term addiction is often associated with drugs. However, addiction is something more,and a person can get addicted to numerous other things like food, mobile, gaming, social media, gambling, shopping, and the internet, to name a few. Addictions can cause severe disasters and damages that can negatively impact the addict and the family or friends.Types of AddictionThere are a few too many common types of addiction that can ruin a person’s life. A few are:Video Game and Mobile AddictionWith the upsurge and advancement of technology and the internet, everyone has been glued to the gadgets continually calling, texting or surfing endlessly. People remain so engrossed that they fail to acknowledge people and the environment around them. Several gaming sites have been developed, and most games are resulting from being addictive. Mobile gadgets and video games have a proportional relationship where it strains a person’s relationships and hampers their work.Drug and Alcohol AddictionDrug or substance abuse is the worst kind of addiction as it can adversely impact the addict’s physical and mental health. Drug addiction often implicates severe health hazards as the addicts remain stuck unable to leave the addiction even though they stay aware of the consequences. A few common drug and alcohol addictions products are Hallucinogens, Cocaine, Marijuana, and Heroin consumed to experience the feeling of ecstasy for a short period.Gambling AddictionA gambling addict faces withdrawal struggles as he or she cannot easily withdraw and move onwith their life. Whether the person wins or loses, he or she remains drawn to indulge over and over again. Gambling addiction has ruined the personal and professional lives of hundreds of people across the globe. Facilities such as bars and casinos have taken advantage of gambling addiction and the people’s weakness making profitable gains and business.Food AddictionThe most unexpected of all is that people can become addicted to the taste of certain foods such as a particular category of burger, unique flavour of noodles or pizza, a favouriterestaurant, or just about anything. Certain sections of people remain addicted to spicy food and indulge in any food that contains high spice levels.Some people have a sweet tooth and remain addicted to indulging in sweets all the time. The addiction level remains so high that they crave and consume foods that are sweet and overeat. There remains another section of people who are addicted to unhealthy or junk food. Overeating and overindulging unhealthy food habits can cause serious health issues and be hazardous to health.Shopping AddictionSeveral people develop a habit of spending money on ‘unwanted products’ that might not be a need but a want. These addicts see shopping as a coping mechanism to relieve themselves from stress. Shopping gives a different sort of experience and pleasure for addicts, so they indulge in extreme and impulsive shopping regularly, which turns out an addiction. Shopping addicts go on massive sprees for products that they do not require and shop for everyone they know and are acquainted with.Social Media and Internet AddictionWith the inception of the internet and the advancement of network connections from 2G to 4G and 5G has led to an upsurge in internet usage, surfing on the internet has become an addiction and social media platforms have fueled this addiction. People are so caught up in the internet world trying to capture moments to propagate the fun part of their life that we forget to have fun. Talking selfies is another form of addiction that people have developed in recent times.Efforts for Addiction-Free IndiaIndia faces severe addiction and drug abuse problems, leading to the deterioration of physical and mental health. Drug addiction does not harm and impact the addict alone but adversely affects the entire family and friends. A drug addict’s pers onal and professional life equally deteriorates. While on the one hand, we rile up about the empowerment of the youth and hope that today’s youth will contribute towards the development of the country, the other, we see thousands of youth squandering their lives due to addiction to alcohol drugs, and whatnot.The youth of today must be sensitised towards the issue of drug addiction and abuse. The government must also prioritise and undertake this issue as a priority and ban such substances’ sale from putting an end to such practices. People caught selling drug substances illegally must be severely punished.Addiction Essay ConclusionWe must remain cautious and take control of our lives and avoid any dangerous habits to take charge of our lives eventually. The irony is that despite knowing the consequence and impact ofaddiction, people still choose to indulge in something that can deteriorate their life.。