2015职称英语(综合A)补全短文
2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题
2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(1)The roadrunner (走雀) lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. _____(1) People gave it its name because they usually see it running a cross a road, but of course, it spends more time among the plants of the desert than it d oes on roads.The roadrunner is quite a large bird - about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high. _____(2) It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in bac k. It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.It eats an amazing variety of food. Although it eats plants once in a while, it is mos tly a meat eater. Most of its diet is insects, but it also catches birds, mice, and other sma ll animals. It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders (蜘蛛)._____(3) When he finds one, he gives her presents - a snake to eat or a tiny branch of a tree to use in building a nest. Then they build their nest, the female lays eggs, and they raise their young._____(4) One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at a tim e every day and make a noise outside the window. If someone doesn't give the bird a pi ece of hamburger immediately, the bird knocks on the window with its beak (喙). Roadru nners are not shy._____(5) They will stand on a chair or table and watch television, and they seem rea lly interested in what is happening on the program.A Roadrunners can also become friendly with peopleB People laugh when it runs because it looks so funnyC It is a bird, but it can only fly about as much as a chicken canD In early spring, the bird doesn't eat anythingE Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the houseF In the spring, a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.【参考答案】1. C 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. E2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(2)Worldwide there are estimated to be 120 million landmines (地雷) spread through 62 countries. _____(1) The United Nations is currently involved in 14 mine-clearing operatio ns around the world but it estimates that, at current rate, it will take 1,000"years to remo ve all the world's landmines.Landmines are a favorable weapon because they cost so little to produce - about 3 p ounds per mine. _____(2)Landmines cause the death or injury of 70 people a day, of whom most are civilians. _____(3) In fact, about half the landmines active today lie in unmarked fields, in countri es no longer in conflict.And landmines do not only kill and maim (使残废); they also hold back economic d evelopment. In Afghanistan, for example, where the former Soviet Army laid down an esti mated ten million landmines, more than half of the land which could be cultivated for agr iculture is useless because it is so heavily mined. According to Eileen Maybin of the Cha rity Christian Aid, mines also condemn people to relying on overseas aid - aid which is often provided by governments which provided the landmines in the first place:"_____(4) Because there are landmines on agricultural land, people are actually depen dent on food aid. This is one of the ironies of the situation - that governments are provid ing money for food aid when, if the mines were cleared, people would be able to feed th emselves."Forty-nine countries have so far signed the United Nations Inhumane Weapons Conve ntion, which restricts the manufacture and export of landmines. _____(5) But some signato ries (签约国) of the UN Convention, such as the UK, continue to support the manufacture and export of these weapons. The British Government says that it won't support a compl ete ban because it considers the landmine a legitimate (合法的) military weapon if it is u sed responsibly.A A further 19 countries, including the USA, France, Germany and Japan, have bann ed all exports of landmines completely.B However, the cost of locating and removing them is high - between 300 pounds a nd 700 pounds per mine.C A recent UN gathering of world leaders in Vienna, Austria, failed to secure a com plete ban on the manufacture and sale of landmines.D And every year, for every 100,000 mines removed, another two million are put do wn.E Landmines are actually destroying the social fabric and economic independence of countries.F And many of the casualties occur in countries where war has long since ended.【参考答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. E 5. A2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(3)From early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the fo ods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) Its smell may force people to s tay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) What if you' re in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they coul dn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic to ngue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or t asting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup withwhole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But t hey take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not stron g at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.【参考答案】1. F 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. B2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(4)African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebr ity, according to Forbes magazine. (1)Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show re aches 112 countries. She earned US$225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches.The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. (2)"After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebri ties and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said.Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style.Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his n ew romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down, shouting "I'm in love." Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separa tely on the same show telling the news of their divorce. (3)Winfrey's approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and s elf-empowerment (自强). This has proved to be just what people, especially women, want.Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. Fo r example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken fre ely of her struggle with her weight.Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954. (4) At the age of 19, s he became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor (主持) a news programme.Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women's T V network and websites for women.Winfrey's work has extended to social change. (5)She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law.A But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the media.B In 1991, she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act.C She was not a very successful woman.D She began broadcasting while still at high school.E It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week.F The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.【参考答案】1. E 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. B2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(5)So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just b ought. (1) Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲刀) and begi ns cutting his or her nails.Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation.(2) So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following:Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on. (3)Stand away from the doors when they are closing.Don't talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be anno ying to others. (4)Don't think your bags and suitcases (手提箱) deserve a seat of their own.Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). An uncovered sneeze can spre ad germs (细菌), especially in crowded places.Don't cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation.Don't read over other people's shoulder. (5) It can make people uncomfortable. The y might think you're too stingy (小气的) even to buy a newspaper. Or they might think y ou're judging their behavior.A Don't eat food in your car.B Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.C We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.D Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.E Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.F Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.【参考答案】1. F 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(6)Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21 -year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father work ed on since he was 14. ___1___.“You don’t often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to kee p prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,” she said. “There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. __2___. “I’m sure dad hoped I’d stay,” he said. “I guess it’s a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn’t appeal. For you ng, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world.” For Robinson, farming doesn’t of fer much “in terms of money or lifestyle.” Hollins agrees that economics stops people fro m pursuing farming rewards: “providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature.”Farming is a big political issue in the UK.___3___. The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubl es in UK farming.Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the iss ue. This national concern spells(带来)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermark ets. ___4___.“I started going to Farmers’ M arkets in direct defiance(蔑视)of the big supermarkets. ___5___. It’s terrible,” said Londoner Michael Samson.A. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s landB. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers’ Markets are becoming popular.C. While confident they will succeed, she lists farming’s many challenges:D. Young people prefer to live in citiesE. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything ? what exactly DO they put on our apples to make so big and red?F. “Buy British” campaigns urge(鼓励)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.参考答案：C A F B E答案解析：1. C. 解析：空格前句子的时态为现在时态(现在进行时)，根据“句群的基调时态一致：句群中的句子通常同为过去时或同为过去时态(例外情况：如果句群中的某个句子中带有时间状语结构，则该句子的时态可以不与句群的基调时态保持一致，而是由这个时间状语决定)，判断只有B，C，D和F可能出现在空格中。
2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习
2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习NEW YORK, NY, January 5, 2010. St. Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Gris ham calls an “account of violence, rage redemption (救赎) and，ultimately forgiveness.”The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally___46___. When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者)from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the man lineup.Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. ___47___Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated (证明…..清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally (明确地)convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime___48___”The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man was inches from my throat, who raped me , who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent. ___49___Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice and redemption.”Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives” with constant pain that my profound mistake coast him so dearly ___50___”A. Another trial was heldB. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital caseC. Thompson was as shocked and devastatedD. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personallyE. During the attack, she made and effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身) or other identifying marking.F. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.参考答案：46-50：EACDB更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015年职称英语考试理工类A级补全短文模拟试题(word版)
Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is mon in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems —even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. (l) .Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ( 2) .Experts say heat waves often bee dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.(3) . Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials ; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. (4) . The pain is a warning that the body is being too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.Doctors say some peoples face an increased danger from heat stress. (5).Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.词汇：eruption .爆发，喷发vomit 呕吐deadly 致命的muscle肌肉synthetic 合成的注释：1.Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement.衣月艮——定要宽松，以便活 .动自如。
2015年职称英语理工类A级补全短文
四、补全短文（一）Mobile phones（移动电话）Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved' to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation（1）A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are noill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day（2）AS well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. （3）The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children（4）He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected toelectromagnetic waves the growth rate of thedisease accelerates.（5）According to Robert Bell, it is reasonablefor the major telephone companies to fund it.Besides, he also urges the Government to set upa wide-ranging inquiry into possible healtheffects.A He says there is emerging evidence thatchildren absorb low-level radiation at a ratemore than three times that of adults.B By the year 20004 it is estimated thatAustralia will have 8 million mobile phones:nearly one for every two people:C "If mobile phones' are found to be dangerous,they should carry a warning label' until propershields can be devised," he said.D Then who finances the research?E For example, Telstra, Optus and V odaphonebuild their towers where it is geographicallysuit-able to them and disregard the need of thecommunity.F The conclusion is that mobile phones bringsmore harm than benefit（C、B、E、A、D）（二）The wor ld’s longest bridge（世界上最长的桥）Rumor has it that' a legendary six-headedmonster lurks in the deep waters of theTyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island ofSicily.（1）When completed in 2010, the world'slongest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons -equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic –and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50percent longer than any other bridge ever built,''says structural engineer Shane Rixon.（2）They're suspension bridges, massivestructures built to span vast water channels or.A suspension bridge needs just two towers toshoulder the structure's mammoth weight,thanks to hefty supporting cables slung betweenthe towers and anchored firmly in deep pools ofcement at each end of the bridge. The MessinaStrait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers,which will support most of the bridge's load.The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1. 2 meterin diameter, will hold up the longest and widestbridge deck ever built.When construction begins on the MessinaStrait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be toerect370 meter-tall steel towers（3）Gettingthese cables up will be something'. It's not justtheir, length - totally 5. 3 kilometers but theirweight（4）After lowering vertical " suspender" cablesfrom the main cables, builders will erect a60-me-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck -wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes oftraffic. deck's weight will pull down on thecables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, thecables yank up against their firmly rootedanchors with a force of 139,000 tons -equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars.Those anchors are essential（5）A Some environmentalists are against theproject on biological grounds.B What do the world's longest bridges have incommon?C If true, one day you might spy the beastwhile zipping across the MessinaStraitBridge.D They're what will keep the bridge fromgoing anywhere.E The second job will be to pull two sets ofsteel cables across the strait, each set being abundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons -more than half the bridge's total mass.(C、B、E、F、D)（三）Reinventing the table（重新发明元素周期表）An earth scientist has rejigged the periodictable' to make chemistry simpler to teach tostudents.(1) But Bruce Railsback from theUniversity of Georgia says he is the first tocreate a table that breaks with tradition andshows the ions of each element rather than justthe elements themselves."I got tired of breaking my arms trying toexplain the periodic table to earth students," hesays, criss-crossing his hands in the air andpointing to different bits of a traditional table.（2）But he has added' contour lines to chargedensity, helping to explain which ions reactwith which."Geochemists just want an intuitive senseof what's going on with the elements, "saysAlbert from the University of Cambridge.（3）（4）He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots - one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance.He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water.（5）A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C "I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.D "Railsback has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of element's symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth's crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.（A、B、C、D、E）（四）The Bilingual Brain（双语大脑）A But their use of Broca's area was different.B One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.C How does Hirsch explain this difference?D We use special parts of the brain for language learning.E And that is very different from learning a language in a high school orcollege class.F Their work led to an importantdiscovery.（F、B、A、C、E）（五）A Record-Breaking RoverNASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldlygone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. ____1____OnJuly 27, after years of moving about on Martianground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity haddriven more than 24 miles, beating the previousrecord holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moonin 1973.―This is so remarkable consideringOpportunity was intended to drive about 1kilometer and was never designed for distance,‖says John Callas, the Mars Exploration RoverProject Manager.____2____ ―But what is really importantly isnot how many miles the rover has racked up,but how much exploration and discovery wehave accomplished over that distance.‖OPPORTUNITYThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twinrover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 yearsago on a mission expected to last 3 months.____3____Spirit stopped communicating withEarth in March 2010, a few months after it gotstuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity hascontinued to collect and analyze Martian soiland rocks.During its mission, Opportunity has captured,and sent back to Earth, some187,000 panoramic and microscopic images ofMars with its cameras.____4____MARATHON ROVERThe rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stopjust yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it willreach another major investigation site when itsodometer hits 26.2 miles.____5____Researchers believe that clayminerals exposed near Marathon Valley couldhold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1.Opportunity’s continuing travels will also helpresearchers as they plan for an eventual humanmission to the Red Planet.A It has also provided scientists with data onthe planet’s at mosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.B He works at NASA’s Jet PropulsionLaboratory in Pasadena, California.C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley,because when the rover reaches the area, it willhave traveled the same distance as the length ofa marathon since its arrival on Mars.D Opportunity has been working on Marssince January 2004.E The objective of the rovers was to helpscientists learn more about the planet and tosearch for signs of life such as the possiblepresence of water.F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004,Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, morethan any other wheeled vehicle has on anotherworld.（F、B、E 、A、C）（六）Dung to death（施肥致死）Fields across Europe are contaminated withdangerous levels of the antibiotics given tofarm animals. The drugs, which are in manuresprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could begetting into our food and water, helping tocreate a new generation of antibiotic-resistant"superbugs".The warning comes from a researcher inSwitzerland who looked at levels of the drugsin farm. （1）Some 120,000 tons of antibiotics are used inthe European Union and the US each year.More than half are given to farm-animals toprevent disease and promote growth.（2）Most researchers assumed that humansbecome infected with the resistant strains byeating contaminated meat.3 But far more of thedrugs end up in manure than in meat products,says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss FederalInstitute for Environmental Science andTechnology in Dubendorf.（3）With millions of tons of animals manurespread onto fields of crops such as wheat andbarley each year, this pathway seems an equallylikely route for spreading resistance, he said.The drugs contaminate the crops, which arethen eaten.（4）Mueller is particularly concerned about agroup of antibiotics called sulphonamides. （5）His analysis found that Swiss farm manurecontains a high percentage of sulphonamides;each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D But recent research has found a direct 0link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields （E、D、B、F、A）（七）Time in the animal world（动物界中的时间）Rhythm controls everything in Nature.（1）The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodiesfollowing these cycles. The moon also exerts itsforce and influence on the sea. Its gravitationalattraction causes the rising of the tide. （2）When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugalforce cause the second tide of the day.Animals living in tidal areas must have theinstinct of predicting these changes, to avoidbeing stranded and dying of dehydration. Sincethe time of the dinosaurs, the king crab hasbeen laying eggs at the seaside in a set way. Toavoid predator fish 3 , the eggs are always farfrom seawater and protected by sand. In thefollowing two months, the eggs undergodramatic changes related to the cycles of themoon. When the second spring tide comes, theyoung king crabs have matured.（3）Most of the mammals, either thegiant-elephant or the small shrew, have thesame average total number of heartbeats in theirlifetime. Shrews live only for two and a halfyears, and spend their life at a high speed andhigh tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulserate of 600 per minute have an average total ofeight. hundred million heartbeats throughouttheir life The African elephant has a pulse rateof 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6 of 60years. The size of the body determines thespeed of life.（4）As we get older, our sense of time is beinginfluenced by the physiological changes of ourbody. The elderly spend more time resting, anddo few sports（5）For a child, a week is seen asa long time.A For an adult; 'time goes fast year by year.,B It 'controls, for example, the flapping ofbirds' wings, the beating of the heart and therising and setting of the sun.C The larger the animal is, the longer its lifespan is and the slower its life tempo isD The tide goes out when the moon movesaway and its attraction is weaker.E We always tend to think' all the animalshave the same sense of time as human beings.F The second spring tide` takes them back tothe sea.（B、D、F、C、A）（八）Watching Microcurrents flow（观察微电流流程）We can now watch electricity as it flowsthrough even the tiniest circuits. By scanningthe magnetic field generated aselectric .currents flow through objects,physicists have managed（1）The technologywill allow manufacturers to scan microchips forfaults, as well as revealing microscopic defectsin anything from aircraft to banknotes.Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown Universityin Providence, Rhode Island, visualize thecurrent by measuring subtle changes in themagnetic field of an object and （2）Their sensor is adapted' from an existingpiece of technology that is used to measurelarge magnetic fields in computer hard drives." We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make itcapable of measuring very weak changes inmagnetic fields," says Xiao.The resulting device is capable ofdetecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes,even when wire is buried deep within a chip,and it shows up features as small as 40nanometers across.At present, engineers looking for defectsin a chip have to peel off the layers andexamine the circuits visually; this is one of theobstacles （3）But the new magneticmicroscope is sensitive enough to look insidechips and reveal faults such as short circuits,nicks in the wires or electro migration — wherea dense area of current picks up surroundingatoms and moves them along. "It is likewatching a river flow," explains Xiao.As well as scanning tiny circuits, themicroscope can be used to reveal the internalstructure of any object capable of conductingelectricity. 3 For example, it could look directlyat microscopic cracks in an aeroplane’sfuselage（4）The technique cannot yet pick upelectrical activityin the human brain becausethe current there is too small, but Xiao doesn'trule it out in the future." I can never say never,"he says.Although the researchers have only justmade the technical details of the microscopepublic, it already on sale, from electronicscompany Micro Magnetics in Fall River,Massachusetts. It is the size of a refrigeratorand takes several minutes to scan a circuit, butXiao and Schrag are working （5）A to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds.B to making chips any smaller.C to take tiny chips we require.D to picture the progress of the currents.E converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point.F faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample（D、E、B、F、A）（九）Lightening StrikesThree years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. ―There was a huge rainstorm,‖ she says, recalling the terrifying experience. ―My brother and I were outside desperatelyworking to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to theground by an enormous bang. ____1____ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.‖ In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. ―I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.‖ He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball,making yourself as small as possible.Lightning is one of nature’s most awesomedisplays of sheer power. ____2____ 250 yearsago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientistand statesman proved that lightning is a formof electricity, but scientists still lack a completeunderstanding of how it works. ____3____Positive electrical charges streaming upwardsfrom trees or church spires may glow and makea buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand onend. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad toknow that a company in America hasmanufactured a hand-held lightning detectorwhich can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound awarn ing tone and monitor the storm’s approach.Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club inSurrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning.Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she wasresuscitated and, after a few days in hospital,where she was treated for bums to her head,hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again.Since that time, she has been a strictly fairweather golfer1. ____4____ The best place tobe is inside a car! The largest number ofpeople to be struck by lightning at one time wasin September 1995 when 17 players on afootball pitch were hit simultaneously. Themost extraordinary aspect of the strike was thefact that 11 of the victims—seven adults andfour children—had burn patterns of tiny holesat 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and aroundthe soles of their feet.Harold Deal, a retired electrician from SouthCarolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it lateremerged that the strike had damaged the part ofthe brain which controls the sensation oftemperature. ____5____Animals are victims oflightning too2Hundreds of cows and sheepare killed every year, largely because they gounder trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheepwere killed instantaneously by the same bolt oflightning that hit the ground and travelledthrough the entire flock. Lightning is alsoresponsible for starting more than 10,000 forestfires each year world-wide.A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought itwas Zeus, father of the gods, throwingthunderbolts around in anger.B In fact, a golf course is one of the mostdangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.C Lightning has long been hailed as one ofthe most impressive displays of nature’s power.D When I picked myself up, the roof and theentire upper storey of the house had beendemolished.E Occasionally there are warning signs.F Since then the freezing South Carolinawinters haven’t bothered Harold, since he iscompletely unable to feel the cold.（D、A、E、B、F）（十）How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear（如何让失聪的人更容易听见）A No man-made device could replace theability to hear.B When he wanted to appreciate music,Eagar played the piano.C Still, as Michael Eagar discovered, whenit comes to musical harmonies,hearing isirrelevant.D Michael Eagar, who died in2003,became deaf at the age of 21.E Beethoven produced his most wonderfulworks after he became deaf.F Solomon argues that Beethoven'sdeafness "heightened" his achievement as acomposer.（F、D、A、B、C）（十一）Virtual Driver（虚拟驾驶员）Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzing with a brain, and coordinationbetween hands, feet and brain. A man has sharpeyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain,and maintains coordination between his handsand brains. He can control a fast-moving carwith different parts of his body. ___1___.Apparently there isn’t anyone in the driver’scab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. Thisvirtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feettoo. The minicameras on each side of the carare its eyes and are responsible for observingthe road conditions ahead of it as well as thetraffic to its left and right. If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of theautomatic driving system: a built-in computer.___2___. The brain is responsible forcalculating the speeds objects surrounding thecar are moving at2, analyzing their position onthe road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver’s best advantage is that it r eacts quickly. ___3___. However, it takes the world’s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn’t include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.B In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.C This is the brain of the car.D But how does an intelligent car control itself?E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.（D、C、E、A、F）（十二）Musical Training Can ImproveCommunication Skills（音乐训练可以提高交流技能）American scientists say musical trainingseems to improve communication skills andlanguage retardation. They found thatdeveloping musical skills involves the sameprocess in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that1 could help childrenwith learning disabilities.（1）. She says musical training involvesputting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music, looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching othermusicians. This process is not much differentfrom learning how to speak.（2）.The further explains musical training andlearning to speak each make us think aboutwhat we are doing2. She says speech and musicpass through a structure of the nervous systemcalled the brain stem. （3）. Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could notbe developed or changed. But Professor Kranssand her team found that musical training canimprove a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals withdifferent levels of musical ability. They wereasked to wear an electrical device that measuresbrain activity. The Individuals wore theelectrode while they watched a video ofsomeone speaking and a person playing amusical instrument -- the cello.（4）.The study found that the more years of trainingpeople had, the more sensitive they were to thesound and rhythm of the music3. Those whowere involved in musical activities were thesame people in whom the improvement ofsensory events was the strongest. （5）.Shesays using music to improve listening skillscould mean they hear sentences and understandfacial expressions better.A Both involve different senses.B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist atNorthwestern University in Illinois.C Some disabled children attended themusical training Class.D It shows the importance of musicaltraining to children with learning disabilities.E Professor Krauss says cellos havesound qualities similar to some of the soundsthat are important with speech.F The brain stem controls our ability tohear.（B、A、F、E、D）（十三）Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough toallow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1.And it won’t be long before we will seerealistic cyber companions, complete with skin,dexterity, and intelligence. They will beprogrammed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificialintelligence researcher David Levy haspublished a book claiming human-robotrelationships will become popular in the nextfew decades. ____1____Will humans really beable to form deep emotional attachments tomachines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy toform these strong attachments because thehuman mind loves to anthropomorphize: togive human attributes to other creatures—evenobjects.For example, researchers in San Diegorecently put a small humanoid robot in with atoddler playgroup for several months.____2____ The children ended up treating it asa fellow toddler. When it lay down because itsbatteries were flat the kids even covered itwith a blanket.In a few decades, when humanoid robotswith plastic skin look and feel very real, willpeople want to form relationships with them?What if the bots could hold a conversation?And be programmed to be the perfectcompanions—soul mates, even? ____3____And like those toddlers in the experiment, theywill be very accepting of them.The next question, then, is whether there isanything wrong with having an emotionalrelationship with a machine. Even today thereare people who form deep attachments to theirpets and use them as substitutes for friends oreven children. Few consider that unethical.____4____ For those who always seem toend up marrying the wrong man or woman,a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could bemighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: ―If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?‖A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you.____5____People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationshipto grow to greater heights.A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of peoplewho grow up with humanoid robots as a normalpart of life.F The bot knew each child because it wasprogrammed with face and voice recognitionand it giggled when tickled.（C、F、E、B、D）（十四）Robotic Highway Cones(机器人高速路锥形路标)A And they can return to the originalplace at the end of the day.B He is thinking about starting a smallbusiness.C Farritor was ―Inventor of the Year‖in 2003.D Work on the idea began in 2002using a National Academy of Sciencesgrant.E We replace that with a robot.F These robotic cones and barrels canmove out of the way, or into place, fromcomputer commands made miles away.（F、A、D、E、B）(十五) A Memory Drug?(记忆药物？)A Like steroids for bulking up themuscles, these drugs would bulk upmemory.B A memory enhancer could helpeliminate forgetting associated withaging and disease.C What are the potential implications ofmemory-enhancing drugs for theworkplace?D We may find ourselves struggling withthese kinds of questions in thenot-too-distant future.E There is a pill that you could takeevery day to allow you to remembereverything.F The gene makes a protein that assiststhe NMDA2 receptor, which plays animportant role in long-term memory byhelping to initiate LTP.（B、F、A、C、D）。
2015年职称英语考试综合类补全短文模拟试题及答案
"Happy Birthday to You"The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. (46) They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that Americhn popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America. " (47)The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why it spread, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many .other countries. (48) "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets,and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bring colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion.(49)The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning,when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today,while stills blowing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock "n" roll and its variations, country & westem music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's youth. " (50) And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U. S.A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E.American food has become popular around the world too.F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.46-50 BFACDGarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(46) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(47) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(48) What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(49) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(50) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not strong at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.46. F 47. C 48. E 49. A 50. BThe Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.EXERCISE:A. for stone to use in modern buildingsB. has made them less likely to fall into ruinC. before they could begin to buildD. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE. while building the pyramidsF. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet答案:FABDC。
2015 职称英语翻译
2015年职称英语考试综合类补全短文及译文Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, andmaintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car withdifferent parts of his body. (1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in facta virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on eachside of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system：a built-in computer. (2) The brain of the car is responsible forcalculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2，analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place? (4) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.词汇：virtual 虚拟的built-in 嵌入的coordination 协调，配合racecar n.赛车cab 驾驶室expressway 高速公路minicamera n.小型照相机driverless 无驾驶员的boot.(车身后部的)行李箱注释：1.virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员2.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car aremoving at...车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文练习
一、What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take from the ocean,and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean ——millions of kilograms of fish,every year,to feed millions of people.（1）We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates.（2）Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too1.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.（3）Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy,and ice cream —aswell as medicine.Believe it or not,fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water.（4）But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts.What do we give the sea?Garbage.（5）Huge as it is,the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2.Yet as the world population grows,we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas，we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully,it is not too late.注释：Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2015年职称英语综合A试题(含答案)
•◇本卷共分为6大题65小题，作答时间为120分钟，需要试题联系QQ 总分100 分，60 分及格。
•需要试题联系QQ需要试题联系QQ•词汇选项阅读判断概括大意阅读理解补全短文完形填空•第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义需要试题联系QQ最为接近的选项。
1He is too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.•A．discard•B．需要试题联系QQ•discern•C．disperse•D．disregardABCD2The purpose of a custom is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic i ndustry and workers from foreign competition.•A．tax•B．toll•C．fee•D．tariffABCD3He is hopeful about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.•A．optimistic•B．optional•C．outstanding•D．obviousABCD4The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies taxed upon the pe rsonnel by the government of the project-host country.•A．imposed•B．imported•C．improved•D．impressedABCD5My father has been on the salary schedule in this factory for nearly 20 year s.•A．pay packet•B．payoff•C．payroll•D．paymentABCD6The republication of the poet's most recent works will certainly heighten his national reputation.•A．magnify•B．strengthen•C．enlarge•D．enhanceABCD7Why should anyone want to read abstracts of books by great authors when the r eal pleasure comes from reading the originals.•A．themes•B．insights•C．digests•D．leafletsABCD8The joys of travel, having long overlooked the disabled, are opening up to vi rtually anyone who has the means.•A．omitted•B．missed•C．neglected•D．discardedABCD9Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply dropped.•A．declined•B．lessened•C．descended•D．slippedABCD10This kind of material can resist heat and moisture.•A．delete•B．compel•C．constrain•D．repelABCD11The local authority contributed the company an interest free loan to start up the new factory.•A．granted•B．allocated•C．financed•D．sponsoredABCD12One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships strictly follow traffic rules in busy harbors.•A．cautiously•B．dutifully•C．faithfully•D．skillfullyABCD13Parents have a legal duty to ensure that their children are provided with eff icient education suitable to their age.•A．impulse•B．influence•C．obligation•D．sympathyABCD14I am sure I can persuade him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night. •A．speak•B．say•C．talk•D．tellABCD15In Britain people use up four million tons of potatoes every year.•A．swallow•B．dispose•C．consume•D．exhaustABCD第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2015年职称英语考试综合类A级补全短文
补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。
本部分为1篇300～450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。
要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。
What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts(椰子)?white beaches and clear,blue ocean?Colorful corals(珊瑚)and even more colorful fishes and birds?You bet.There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm,tropical climate and great natural beauty.The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.______(46)Many of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发)of ancient volcanoes(火山).Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.______(47)The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492because he thought he was near the coast of ter, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the CaribbeanSea._______(48)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles.Together,they account for about90percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands.The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.______(49)You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters.There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny.Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.______(50)Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.A But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.B The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies,later changed to the West Indies.C They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D They are Cuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.E This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each yearF Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers(小片)of exposed coral.参考答案:46C第三段的第一句话说的是:加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链,把加勒比海与大西洋的其他部分分开。
职称英语历年真题《综合A》补全短文精选
职称英语历年真题《综合A》补全短文精选新一轮备考即将开始，yjbys网店铺为帮助考生高效备考职称英语，以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于职称英语历年真题《综合A》补全短文精选，供大家备考。
The T ough Grass that Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.__________ (47) Many crops withered( 枯萎)and died, despite growers' attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.__________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world's sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure ofthe plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.A. Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.B. One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier,France.C. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore moreguaranteed.D. Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.E. The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.F. Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.答案与解析：46.E。
2015职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习题
2015职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习题Arthritis(关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads(蟾蜍), a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46_________.The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47_________. A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48_________.A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and theNorthern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night. 49_________. But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳跃). 50_________. These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.A. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.B. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.C. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.D. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.E. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.F. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.参考答案：46.E 47.C 48D 49.A 50.B更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)
补全短文部分第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. We even use their bones for fertilizer. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy, and ice cream —aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. Some of its contents may cause illness. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.第二篇Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.第三篇The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears. These create a film over the ey e's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons. ".People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.As children we were sometimes punished for shedding te ars or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attac ksthan people cry more freely.When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.It’s good to hold backtears d uring a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the wholesituation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the.stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the pr oblem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.第四篇The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, accordi ng to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact：The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In genera l, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.第五篇Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ；the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.补全短文译文译文：第一篇论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。
综合类职称英语考试A级补全短文题
综合类职称英语考试A级补全短文题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5句取自短文，请按照短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
I Know Just How You FeelDo you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, aording to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart.Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More plex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The MindReading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given somedirestion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be bined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it whould have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.模板,内容仅供参考。
第四篇 The First Four Minutes(2015年职称英语补全短文译文)
The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact：The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“ (1) A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. (2) If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear fiiendly and self-c onfident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs，fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a fiiendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”(3) We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in ourpersonality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel t hat way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.(4) For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often ariseduring their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. (5) That is at least as important as how much we know.练习：A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.答案与题解：D本文主要讲与人初次见面最初四分钟对于人际交往的重要性。
2015职称英语理工类A级真题(补全短文)
2015职称英语理工类A级真题(补全短文) 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Gorillas have a word for itKoko is the first gorilla to have been taught sign language (a way of communicating by using hands and fingers rather than speech). With a vocabulary of more than1000 words, she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligent beings who feel emotions, look forward to celebrations and also have a sense of humour.The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence. 46. But what had not been recognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability to learn a language and have complex emotions.Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America, in a wooded spot overlooking a valley. 47. She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest of blankets, which is her bed, in one corner. She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when 'talking' to humans - gorillas feel more secure when they can look down onothers - while her toys are spread everywhere. In addition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.It is her conversations with her teacher, Dr Penny Patterson, that are inspiring. Penny explains: ‘The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans, our skills, sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes. 48. .When she began teaching Koko sign language, placing the little fingers of the one-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for 'drink', 'eat', 'more', and rewarding her with food, Dr Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn. “At first, it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something,” says Patterson. 'It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of a cat or a dog. But early in her training, she began to combine signs that made me think she was capable of more.’ 49. For examp le, she didn't know the word for 'ring', so she combined the signs for ‘finger’ and 'bracelet' to express it.Dr Patterson continues: ‘Koko loves babies and young people. And when she is asked what gorillas like best, she always says "Gorilla love eat, good’’.' One of Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour. 50. .From the age of three, Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intended as a mate. However, Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heart attack. ‘Koko went into a depression following Michael's death,’ says Patterson. “She would sit for hours with her head hung low looking upset.”Dr Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii, where Patterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge. Koko signed “Yes”, provided she could have curtains in her new home!A. When a visitor asked her to show him something scary, she held up a mirror to his face!B. ?C. According to some scientists, genetically there is only a 2% difference between gorillas and humans: we share the same blood type, have the same number of hairs per square inch and also the same temperament.D. She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest of blankets, which is her bed, in one corner.E. What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined.F. Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn't know a word she invents one.更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015职称英语综合类A级补全短文
Men Smell of Choose and Women of Onions男人闻出奶酪味，女人溴出洋葱味Little girls may be made of sugar and spice and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions.小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。
And while free of slug or snail odours, men's armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.n男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。
That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after they had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minutes.这是一项来自瑞士的研究理论，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段时间的桑拿浴或15分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味被收集作为样本。
The researchs found marked differences in the sweat from men and women.研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同"Men smell of cheese , and women of grapefruit or onion," says Christian Starkenmann of Firmwnich, a company in Geneva that researches flavors and perfumes for food and cosmetics companyies."男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或洋葱"，来自Firmenich公司的Christian Starkenmann 说道。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文试题精选
Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1to be a dangerous source of radiation,according to Robert Bell,a scientist.And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated,he said.“Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,”Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation._____(1)_____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell,there are3.3million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by32,000a day._____(2)_____As well,there are2,000transmitter towers around Australia,many in high density residential areas5._____(3) _____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completedthe Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a500metre radius of school grounds,child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children._____(4)_____He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates._____(5)_____According to Robert Bell,it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.Besides,he also urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.词汇：mobile['məubail]adj.移动的circulate['sə:kjuleit]v.流传electromagnetic[ɪlektrəʊ'mæɡnɪtɪk]adj.电磁的density ['densiti]n.密度transmitter tower[trænz'mitə'tauə]发射塔disregard[͵disri'ɡɑ:d]v.不顾shield[∫i:ld]n.隔离屏accelerate[æk'seləreit]v.加速，加快注释：1.动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。
职称英语考试综合类A级补全短文试题及答案
职称英语考试综合类A级补全短文试题及答案The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.(46)Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin.(47) The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with therobin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand.Is all this concern a waste of human effort? (48) Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of suess and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves suessfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time.(49) This is nature's proven method of operation.The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived onthe scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. (50) You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out.Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比…长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable.B Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appealfor money has been made.D Both represent orders in the classification of life.E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?F These are the only black robins left in the world.答案：F C E B AThe Columbia aident has revived the debate on whether the rewards of human space exploration are worth the risks No. I was a teacher when men first landed on the moon in 1969, and I remember how it moved my students and thiscountry.(46) And we haven't ventured outward since then. That's 30 years too long! America's human space-flight program is adrift, with no clear vision or goals beyond the pletion of the International Space Station.I want NASA to establish a phased series of goals over the next 20 years, including human visits to asteroids that cross the Earth's orbit, establishing a research and living facility for humans on the moon, and human expeditions to the surface of. Mars and its moons. (47)An astronaut is today's Christopher Columbus, whosailed into the unknown and discovered the Americas. The knowledge we gain from having actual people exploring can never be replaced by robots.(48) Robots are useful, but humans can do things that robots can't..zcyy8.The real obstacle we face in overing the drift in the nation's human space-flight program is not technological and it's not financial. (49)The lesson from the Columbia aident is not that humans don't belong in space.(50)A Instead, we should honor the memory of the lost astronauts by pushing our exploration of space future.B Astronauts are key to this expanded exploration.C It's the lack of mitment to get started.D Until then, we should stop risking people's lives by sending them into space.E It is now more than 30 years since the last American left the surface of the moon and returned to Earth.F Our ability to send humans into space and have them return gives us amazing information about ourselves and our universe.答案：E B F C AWhy on earth would an innocent person falsely confessto mitting a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room.Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous. (46) "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an unfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.(47) Theresearchers then intentionally crashed the puters and ausedthe participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (48) Of the 15- to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12- to 13-year-olds."There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.(49)Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple ausation--not hours of aggressive questioning--and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can bee convinced that falsely confessing, is the easiest way out of a bad situation.(50)A In her experiment, participants were seated at puters and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.B "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession bees a rational decision."C "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill," says Franklin 确Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D "But adults are highly vulnerable too."E How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.答案：C A F D BPublic relations is a broad set of planned munications about the pany, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, (1). Since public relations involves munications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor munication and no coordination may be the consequences. (2), this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other ponents of the public image mix.Publicity may be in the form of news releases (3). Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, (4); some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the pany or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, (5). Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even sueed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other ponents of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.EXERCISEA) that have favorable overtones for the pany initiated by the public relations departmentB) not all publicity is initiated by the firmC) usually in the form of press releases or press conferencesD) such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of plaints, and the tenor of the advertisingE) what it means to the pany isF) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public imageKEY: C F A B D。
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11 Virtual Driver虚拟驾驶员Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. But how does an intelligent car control itself? Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system：a built-in computer. This is the brain of the car. The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2，analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system. 驾驶需要敏锐的视觉与听觉，大脑分析，手、脚和大脑的协调配合。
人具有敏锐的视觉与听觉能力，能用大脑进行分析，保持手和大脑的配合。
人能用身体不伺部位来操控一辆快速行驶的汽车，但是智能化的汽车怎样自动驾驶呢?显然驾驶室里无人驾驶，但事实上的确存在一个虚拟驾驶员，它有眼睛、大脑和手、脚。
汽车两边的小型照相机就是它的眼睛，负责观察前方的路况信息和左右两侧的交通状况。
如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就会看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件：嵌入式计算机。
它是汽车的大脑，这个大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度，分析它在路上的位置，选择正确的道路，并对方向盘和操控系统下达指令。
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action. 与人脑相比，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。
对照相机发送的图像，能在100毫秒内完成对其的分析处理。
可是世界上最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟内才能做出反应，并且这个时间还不包括他采取应对措施的时间。
With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? Experts say that we cannot do that just yet. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways. 由于虚拟驾驶员反应迅速，操控准确，它能大量减少高速公路的事故率。
在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?专家们认为目前尚不可以。
由于虚拟驾驶员识别物体的能力有限，目前这种智能化汽车只可以在高速公路上行驶。
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like. 智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。
然而, 它却不能识别在普通道路上行驶的没有清晰标记的自行车和行人。
虽然情况是这样，人们始终认为未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
12 Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱味Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.That’s the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute. 小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。
男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。
这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论，研究中24位男士和25位女士在一段时间的桑拿浴或15分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味被收集作为样本。
The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. “Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,” says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies. 研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同。
“男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或洋葱”，来自Firmenich公司的Christian Starkenmann说道。
Firmenich是一家位于日内瓦，为食品和化妆品公司研究香味和香水的公司。
The team found that the women's armpit sweat constrained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound – 5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol - a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion. 研究团队发现女人腋下的气味中含有高浓度无味的含硫合成物——每毫升的气味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的气味中只有0.5毫克。
当研究者在实验室中把这种合成物与在腋下普遍存在的细菌混合在一起时，小虫子立刻变成硫醇——之前在腋下发现的一种类似洋葱味道的气味。
“The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense was the malodour,” says Starkenmann, whose team’s results appear in Chemical Senses. Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourless precursor into the malodour. “我们加人越多的硫前体，恶臭味就越浓烈”，Starkenmami说。