矿大二级 英语口语考试

The Statue of Liberty was first assembled in Paris in 1884, then disassembled and reassembled in the United States at what is now called Liberty Island. Beginning in July 1981, a series of inspections was conducted by the National Park Service and by an International team of engineers and architects. Over a dozen problem areas needing attention were identified:Rust stains on the exterior copper skinSevere corrosion of some small areas of the copper skinDeterioration of the torchDegradation in the crown area and spikesStructural concerns in the shoulder of the torch armCorrosion of the iron armaturePaint peeling on the interior copper skin and support structureThe problem that most necessitated the restoration of the Statue of Liberty was galvanic corrosion of the iron armature in contact with the copper skin. Galvanic corrosion occurs when dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in the same electrolyte. The difference in electrochemical potential between the dissimilar metals (iron and copper) is the driving force for electrolysis, whereby the armature, forming horizontal anodes at an accelerated rate. The iron armature, forming horizontal and vertical ribs against the copper skin, and the attachment mechanism, whereby copper saddles (which are flush riveted to the copper skin) surround the iron armature, provided a configuration conducive to galvanic corrosion.Since all of the iron armature was interconnected, only one location of physical contact to the copper skin was necessary to provide electrical continuity to the copper throughout the Statue. The designers of the Statue had tried to prevent this galvanic coupling by insulating the two materials with asbestos cloths soaked in shellac. This was only a temporary barrier that became porous with age and provided electrolytic continuity by wicking and capillary action. (reference)In 1903 the last words in the sonnet "The New Colossus" by poet Emma Lazarus (1883) was inscribed at the main entrance to the pedestal:Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame, "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched ref use of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde), known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue given to the United States by France in 1885, standing at Liberty Island in the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. （这句不难，可以明白的吧，下面都有翻译了）法国著名雕塑家巴托尔迪历时10年艰辛完成了雕像的雕塑工作，French sculptor Bartholdi spend 10 years to complet the the hard work of sculpture.自由女神穿着古希腊风格的服装，头戴光芒四射的冠冕，有象征世界七大洲及四大洋的七道尖芒.The Statue of Liberty wears the ancient Greek style clothes, while a crowns of millions of rays on head, which has seven sharp tip awns,the symbol of seven continents and four oceans on the earth.女神右手高举象征自由的长达12米的火炬，左手捧着刻有1776年7月4日的《独立宣言》，脚下是打碎的手铐、脚镣和锁链。

The Goddess's right hand lifts up the symbol of freedom,a 12 metres torch, and in her left hand is the "Declaration of Independence",which reads "July 4, 1776".Then under her foot are broken at handcuffs, leg irons and chains.她象征着自由、挣脱暴政的约束。

So She symbolizes/represents freedom, getting rid of the constraints of tyranny.American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood from 1930. Its inspiration came from a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with a distinctive upper window[1] and a decision to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in tha t house."[2] The painting shows a farmer standing beside a woman whose identity remains ambiguous; she may either be his spinster daughter, as explained by the artist's sister, or the farmer's wife. The figures were modeled by the artist's dentist and sister. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th century Americana and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.It is one of the most familiar images in 20th century American art and one of the most parodied artworks within American popular culture.CreationIn 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, noticed a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style in Eldon, Iowa. Wood decided topaint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."[2] He recruited his sister Nan (1900-1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th century Americana. The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867-1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The three-pronged hay fork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house and the structure of the man's face. Each element was painted separately; the models sat separately and never stood in front of the house.Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States (US), with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first illustration dating from 1852. He is often depicted as a serious elderly white man with white hair and a goatee, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States—for example, typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers.。