研究生科技英语课件翻译交大考试重点

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科技英文翻译方法课件讲课稿

科技英文翻译方法课件讲课稿
例:They are students of Southeast University. 他们是东南大学的学生。
单词译法
◆ 名词单复数的译法 ➢ 当名词(可数、不可数)用复数表示泛指或一类时,
视上下文而定,有时加译“各种、多种” 。
例1:They will mix freely with other organic compounds and are often soluble in organic solvents.
◆ 化学术语:combine-----化合 break down----分解
decompose----分解 dissociate----离解
neutralize-----中和 replace----取代
oxidize----氧化
reduce----还原
科技英语翻译标准
◆ 表达化学反应常用的一般性动词:react(reaction), obtain,form,convert,produce,give,yield,等
alkene alkyne alcohol alkyl “-ene”、 “-yne”、 “-ol”、 “-yl” “烯”、 “炔”、 “醇”、 “基” monoxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物
科技英语构词特点
◆ 合成法(composition):两个或更多的词合成一个词 (有时需加连字符)
简介:翻译的总原则
◆ 确切理解和掌握原文内容 ◆ 不能主观地发挥个人的想法和推测 ◆ 运用汉语把原文通顺流畅地表达出来
科技英语翻译标准
◆ 信(true):准确无误地传达原文的真实含义
◆ 达(smooth) :通顺地表达原文的含义
◆ 专业术语正确:一定要使用专业术语,不能说外行话

科技翻译专题第一讲课件教学内容

科技翻译专题第一讲课件教学内容

5.3 非限定动词(不定式、现在分词、 过去分词)作后置定语
5.4 定语从句作后置定语
六、长句的译法
在表达一些较复杂的概念时,英、汉两种语言差别较大。
英语的特点是:利用各种修饰语,构成较长的简单句, 利用适当的连词将简单句构成更长的并列句或复合句,因此 科技英语中常使用长句子。
汉语的特点是:尽量分成几个简短的句子来说明某个概 念,不经常使用较长的句子。
成分转换的目的是使译文通顺,符合汉 语习惯。
2.1 主语的转译

2.2 谓语的转译
2.3 宾语的转译
2.4 表语的转译
2.5 定语的转译
2.6 状语的转译
三、词序转变的译法
所谓词序转变的译法即译文的词序与原文 的词序不同的一种翻译方法。
英译汉时,有时词序相同,有时词序不同, 是否改变词序,没有一成不变的模式,只取决 于一个条件:即译文正确,符合汉语表达习惯。
将单词删去一些字母: lab: laboratory 实验室 Kilo:kilogram 千克、公斤 flu: influenza 流行性感冒
2.5 混成法(blending)
把两个词的一头一尾连在一起.构成一个新同.
positron=positive+electron 正的+电子=正电子 medicare=medical十care 医学的+照管=医疗保障 aldehyde=alcohol十dehydrogenation 醇十脱氢=醛
一、词类转化的译法
1.1 名词的转译
1.2 动词的转译
1.3 形容词的转译
英语中有些形容词(短语)表示“愿望、心理、情感” 等一类概念,相当于汉语的动词
1.4 副词的转译
1.5 介词的转译

西南交通大学研究生科技英语翻译期末复习题

西南交通大学研究生科技英语翻译期末复习题

科技英语翻译联系200句transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。

is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线接上以后,此电路才接通。

odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说,条件都是极为不利的。

design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学,不如说它是一门艺术。

rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到(了)1/7。

and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors.凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽,因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有,所以不能辨别颜色。

is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes.海啸有时威力很大,足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。

everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。

Chapter1科技英语专业知识课件PPT

Chapter1科技英语专业知识课件PPT
• Improvement of Professional Literacy in Science and Technology English
01
Overview of Science and Technology English Major
Definition of Science and Technology English Major
Summary writing skills
Identifying key information
Ability to select the most important ideas and details from a text and organize them into a coherent summary.
and the ability to explain them clearly.
03
Avoiding ambiguity
Ability to avoid ambiguity when using technical terms by
providing clear definitions and examples.
• Formatting and style: Adherence to specific formatting guidelines (e.g., APA, MLA) and maintenance of a consistent style throughout the paper.
• Organization and structure: Clear organization of ideas into logical sections with appropriate headings and subheadings, and use of transitional phrases to facilitate the reader's understanding.

科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件

科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件
• Case 2: Translation of complex sentences: When translating complex sentences containing multiple subordinate clauses or long-winded expressions, it is necessary to break them down into simpler sentences or phrases for easier comprehension in the target language. For instance, the sentence "The study, which was conducted by a team of researchers from various disciplines, aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on biodiversity" can be translated as "The study, conducted by a team of researchers from different fields, aimed to assess the impact of climate change on biodiversity."
对于长句中的修饰语,可以根据中文的表达 习惯调整其顺序,以使译文更加通顺和自然 。
04
Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景

交大硕士英语第二册1-6单元课后翻译

交大硕士英语第二册1-6单元课后翻译

UNIT 1(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3)Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.2) Translate the following paragraph into English. It ’ s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yes -motivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much f rom your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get! b. English to ChineseUNIT 2(1)Rising oil prices are typically negative for corporate profits since they boost expenses and eat into consumers’discretionary income.(2)And it follows from this, Hobbes believes, that the sovereign has the right to decide what opinions, what books, what ideas are conducive to peace and which ones aim simply to stir up war and discontent?(3)Researchers in Germany say that a cancer fighting substance found in hops could be enhanced to brew a special anti cancer beer.(4)A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, was supposed to have the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.(5)Bicyclists often ride as though two wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws.(6)The instructor should not rebuke the girl student for her small mistake in front of all classmates. Given that she is inexperienced, she has done a good job.(7)From a broader perspective, higher attrition rate would affect the development of the industry as a whole. So the necessity is to shorten the apprenticeship.(8)I have to level with you because I don’t want any misunderstanding between us, so how can you justify spending so much money?(2)Translate the following paragraph into English. The error—the heresy—is to think that the entire purpose of education is to get you a better job: that the entire function of an individual life is to make as much money as possible. No one said to me, read Finnegans Wake and you’ll make a bloody fortune; that’s the whole point of reading the damn thing. It’s a terrible shame, and I feel horribly sad for the people who must go through it all, carrying the burden of economic expectation rather then the spirit of exploration and adventure. We were all too busy trying to suss out the meaning of life to be sidetracked by such side issues as careers, until the time came to meet reality head on. That hasn’t stopped a number of old university friends from being conspicuously successful. Therefore, the purpose of education is supposed to make you rich, not wealthy.UNIT 3(1)Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything.(2)The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.(3)They’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them.(4)What’s worse, there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidd en vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within.(5)The change of the government’s interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.(6)This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.(7)How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.(8)But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate.(2)Translate the following paragraph into English. According to some media reports recently, the cyber attacks to Google and many American companies seemed to have originated in China. The Chairman of Chinese Internet Association refutes that it was an irresponsible prejudice to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China without thorough investigation,and was therefore absolutely arbitrary. With the rapid development on internet in the globe, it was difficult to determine the origin because of the ease of hiding identities online. The hacker may hide identities, log on the computer of a foreign country and commit cyber attacks to the computers in the third one.However, China’s information network, as well as many other countries, also faces severe threat of cyber attacks. Chinese government has always attached great importance to the security of the computer network and strengthened international cooperation to crack down on cross border cyber crimes, as well as enhanced its crackdown through consultation and collaboration with the International Criminal Police Organization. Therefore, it is wholly nonsense to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China judging merely from computer IP address of China.UNIT 4(1)Potential investors exploring more promising areas, such as low carbon energy and infrastructure, are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.(2)Fortunately, most managers welcome such initiative, and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility, autonomy, and authority in their jobs.(3)We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system, staff training and hardware maintenance.(4)Although this so called continuous speech recognition approach has indeed improved accuracy, it is by no means infallible.(5)This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two contradictory aspects.(6)Actual demand in a particular year, in particular in the private sector, depends on the economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.(7)If you ever need a blood transfusion, it’s important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.(8)Therefore, the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force, but rather originates from an external pressure.2)Translate the following paragraph into English. Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused”the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or a home breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party”has appeared on the scene.Unit 5(1)Some people dub China as “The Bicycle Kingdom”. Yet in the past, you could hardly see anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events.(2)The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza.(3)The great “Spanish flu”pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few months.(4)The time for talk is over. The time for action is now. Because we know that if we don’t act, a bad situation will become dramatically worse. Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country.(5)Called plant factories, these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day, seven days a week.(6)I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers.(7)Usually, when we put the blame on others, we would be blind of our own mistakes. And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes, chances are high that we are going to repeat them.(8)To defuse your anger, try a simple stress management technique. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love.2)Translate the following paragraph into English. Even in rich countries, it will be months before everyone who wants the vaccine can get it. Poor countries will get little if any vaccine. The pandemic vaccine should make you and your family safe from this virus, but you may not get it for months, if you can get it at all. Some countries, including the US and the UK, have ordered enough to vaccinate everyone and immunization began this month. Most poor countries will get only a little, or none. In rich countries many will still get sick, and some will die, before they can be vaccinated. And yet even people who can get it are hesitating. Nearly half the parents in the US say they will refuse to vaccinate their kids, even though children are a priority group for vaccination, due to unfounded rumors about the risks of the various swine flu vaccines.Unit 6(1)To dismiss John from his job when his wife has just left him would be hitting a man when he is down.(2)We were all astonished beyond measure on hearing that Tom and Jane are getting married after knowing each other for merely two weeks.(3)She began to put the house straight, making beds and washing dishes, cleaning and tidying; but she could summon up no enthusiasm for it.(4)Beyond all differences of race or creed, we are one country, mourning together and facing danger together.(5)With love I will tear down the wall for suspicion and hate which they have built round their heartsand in its place will I build bridges so that my love may enter their souls.(6)John Travolta has been obsessed with planes and flying since he was a little boy. When he was eight years old, his mother and sister pitched in to get him a fancy toy plane for Christmas.(7)Wish you a very successful semester as you dig into the science of psychology and put it into practice in your own lives, and think about how to take psychology from the classroom to the world.(8)They are a group of fearless fighters, and as a group they have conqured one difficulty after another. And today they carried out this plan with determination and devotion though they met with many difficulties.2) Translate the following paragraph into English. The past 30 years of reform and opening up have also brought about historical changes in China ’s relations with the rest of the world. China, once a closed and semi closed society, has opened itself to the outside world. It is an active participant in international and regional cooperation, and it has become a major engine propelling global economic growth. It has established extensive contacts with the international community and taken an active part in international and regional affairs. Faithfully fulfilling its international obligations and playing a responsible and constructive role, China is now an important force for maintaining world peace and promoting common development. Any country that wants to develop itself should not only rely on its own efforts, but also carry out reform and opening up and pursue win win progress and common development with other countries. This is the conclusion we have drawn from the success of China’s development endeavors. And we are keenly aware that in this increasingly globalized world China’s future is inseparably bound up with the future of the world.。

科技英语的翻译PPT课件

科技英语的翻译PPT课件

ampere(安培), the unit of electric current (after the French scientist Andre Marie Ampere 1775-1836)
ohm(欧姆), a unit of electrical resistance (after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm 1789-1854 )
只是在电动机发明后,电力才开始造福人 类.
Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.
合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质.
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2.具体化
The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.
henry(亨利),unit of inductance/电感单位 (named after the American scientist Joseph Henry 1797-1878)
gauss(高斯), a unit of magnetic flux density/电磁感应强度单位(after the German scientist Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777 –1855)
expressions.
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Proper nouns:
借用人名:
watt (瓦特), the unit of power (after the British scientist James Watt 17361819)
volt (伏特), the unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force (named in honor of the Italian physicist Alexandro Volta 1745-1827)

研究生科技英语课件翻译(交大考试重点)

研究生科技英语课件翻译(交大考试重点)

词类转译I. Noun converting to verbs:1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven ornear the horizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。

3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的精确度,但并不表明具有准确性。

5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.6.他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。

7.He is an enemy to reform.8.他反对改革。

9.Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach andcooperation.10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。

11.. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.12.恐怕我教不了你英语,我想我女儿比我教得好。

13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。

A. 具有动态意义的名词(1)“… of …” 结构(2)短语结构翻译顺序:顺译与逆译1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时,这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论,所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。

科技英语翻译全PPT课件

科技英语翻译全PPT课件
阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构, 一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句 简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。
热能在辐射时,转换成性质与光相似的辐 射能。
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3、副词
The air outside pressed the side in .
外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.
科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因此要尽量避免使用第 一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。
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二、广泛使用被动语句
根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计, 科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这 是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。 第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印 象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语 态,例如:
5
译文:
那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦 率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大 落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只 有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观 察的人才看得出来。

科技英语翻译PPT课件

科技英语翻译PPT课件

7
.
A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a reamer.
reamer /ˈriːmə/
N. a steel tool with a cylindrical or tapered shank
around which longitudinal teeth are ground, used for smoothing the bores of holes accurately to size 钻孔 器; 铰床
EST Translation
2017/03/08
1
.
Contents
Translation of nouns Practice and reflections
2
.
第三章 名词和冠词的翻译
第1节 名词的译法
英语名词:普通名词、专有名词、集体名词、物 质名词和抽象名词等。
一般来说,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词为不 可数名词,普通名词和集体名词为可数名词。
研究结果似乎表肽可以有助于控制失眠、疼痛、 和精神疾病。( 抽象名词research 后增译名词 “结果”)
Observe the resin manufacturers’recommendations about mixing and application of the resin。
关于这种树脂的混合及涂敷,请采用树脂厂商 的推荐方法。(抽象名词recommendation后增 译了名词“方法”)
根据分子理论的观点(原理、主张),物体 的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.

《科技英语翻译》PPT课件

《科技英语翻译》PPT课件
一个结构物承受的载荷分为静载和活载。
前者指该结构物各部分的重量,后者指人 及可移动设备等的重量所产生的荷载。
2.大量采用省略结构 对科技英语说来,明确和简练是最基本的 要求,为此就要尽最大可能把句子压缩得 短一些,尽量杜绝不必要的重复,在不影 响准确、清晰地表达技术内容的前提下, 能省略的词语尽量省去。
1.大量采用被动语态
大量采用以客观事物、研究对象为句子主语的句 式(即以客观事物作为描述主体的非人称句),尽可 能避免采用第一、二人称或施事者为主语的主动 语句(即以人作为描述主体的人称句),以避免因过 多使用这类“人称句”而造成主观臆断的印象。
Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的 工作温度。
科技英语概论
英语的特点 英语是世界上最古老的语种之一 。与汉语比较其主
要特点如下: 1、英语是成分复杂的组合型语言 2、英语主要为分析性语言 英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族,汉语属于汉藏语
系的汉台语族 。 3、英语的句子结构注重形合法 4、英语的词法严密而灵活 5、英语的词汇总量以及同义词数量庞大
The improvement of tensile properties depends indeed on the procedures of heat treatment, as (it is shown) in Fig. 5. 拉伸性能的改善确实取决于热处理过程,如 图5所示。(此处it显然指代主句全句) 在科技英语中提及与图X或表X有关的情况时,常 常采用"as in Fig./Table X"的结构,这些也是省略 句,省略的通常是"it is shown", 不过这里的"it"却 不一定是指代主句中主语,它也可指代主句中的 其他成分或整个主句。

科技英语翻译PPT课件教学文案

科技英语翻译PPT课件教学文案
而很少说:You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.你们必 须注意机器的工作温度。
Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy (is called) capacitance. It is measured in farads.
科技英语的文体特点
以议论文和说明文为主,其行文特点为客 观、确切、明晰、严密、简练。
不追求辞藻华丽、文采飞扬。 极少蕴含独具英美民族特色的文化传统,
采用直接、明了的表述,严肃庄重大大多 于诙谐幽默 。
科技英语的语言结构特点
就语言结构而言,其主要特点如下 : 1. 大量采用被动语态 2. 大量采用省略结构 3. 大量采用某些惯用的句型结构与时态形式 4. 大量采用长句结构
1.大量采用被动语态
大量采用以客观事物、研究对象为句子主语的句 式(即以客观事物作为描述主体的非人称句),尽可 能避免采用第一、二人称或施事者为主语的主动 语句(即以人作为描述主体的人称句),以避免因过 多使用这类“人称句”而造成主观臆断的印象。
Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的 工作温度。
The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads,which include the weights of all the parts of the structure,and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment,etc.

lecture 3 科技英语的翻译课件

lecture 3 科技英语的翻译课件
2021/6/19
(12)Without knowing how,captain Dobbin found himself the promoter, arranger, and manager of the match between Gorge Osborne and Amelia. (W.M.Thackery)
• 都宾上尉胡里糊涂地就开始拉拢说合,安排调摆,一手操办起
• 乔治和爱米丽娅的这桩婚事。
• 2. prep----v
• eg: (1) Millions of the people in the mountains areas finally off poverty.
• 千百万山区人民摆脱了贫穷。

• 气体是一种始终处于均匀状态的物质,当温度保持不变,而其所 受的压力不断降低时,它的体积可以无限增大。
• (本句不长,但包含两个定语从句,一个状语从句)
2021/6/19

• (3) 多用一般现在时和完成时 • 这两种时态之所以在科技英语中常见,是因为前者可以较好地表
现文章内容的无时间性,说明文章中的科学定义、定理、公式不 受时间限制,任何时候都成立;后者则多用来表述已经发现或获 得的研究成果。
2021/6/19

• 2、 句法层面
• (1) 多名词化结构。 • 为使行文简洁,科技英语中多用表示动作或状态的抽象名词或起
名词功用的V-ing形式以及名词短语结构。 • 如:computer programming teaching device manual • 计算机程序编制教学装置手册
• the generation of heat by friction • 摩擦生热
Lecture 3

研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10).

研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10).

Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论,那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。

对许多人来说,高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。

特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里,转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。

In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.事实上,转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。

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词类转译I. Noun converting to verbs:1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according asthe sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。

3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but withno implication as to accuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的准确度,但并不说明具有准确性。

5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wageincrease.6.他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。

7.He is an enemy to reform.8.他反对改革。

9.Difference between the social system of states shall not bean obstacle to their approach and cooperation.10.国及国社会制度的不同不应阻碍彼此的接近及合作。

11.. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think mydaughter is a better teacher than I.12.恐怕我教不了你英语,我想我女儿比我教得好。

13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge ofEnglish.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。

A. 具有动态意义的名词〔1〕“… of …〞构造〔2〕短语构造翻译顺序:顺译及逆译1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时,这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论,所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。

Many people in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.工业部门与军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这个问题进展任何调查都是浪费时间。

6. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study ofcurrent affairs.练习:1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.2. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.B. 英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词,并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。

1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的〔机声〕,令我们特别神往。

2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.一周快完毕时,敌人彻底败退了。

C. 英语中有些以后缀–er, -or 结尾的名词,在句中并指其身份与职业,而是含有较强的动作意味,需要翻译为动词。

1. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我恐怕教不了你游泳,我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。

2. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.在与儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。

3. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.D. 短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.The next news bulletin〔新闻节目〕, shorter than usual,made no mention of the demonstration.2.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although shecomplained about his strictness.3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for thestudents’ health4.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.5.The next news bulletin〔新闻节目〕, shorter than usual,made no mention of the demonstration.6.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although shecomplained about his strictness.7.The party branch secretary showed great concern for thestudents’ health8.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.练习〔一〕1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status.2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation.在半小时的商谈中,双方就付款方式交换了意见,但没有提到运输方式。

练习〔二〕⏹ 1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up thebulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.⏹ 2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largestcoherent bodies in the universe---assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by gravity.⏹ 3. Scientists say that government construction of amulti-billion-dollar, permanent space station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energyto transmit back.4. The analysis will require the development of newtheoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years.II. Prepositions converting to verbsA. 介词转译成动词。

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