常见英语法律词汇汇总

常见英语法律词汇汇总
英语法律词汇的掌握对于专业律师、法律翻译和涉及法律领域的相关行业从业人员来说是非常重要的。

下面将详细介绍一些常见的英语法律词汇，以便大家更好地理解和运用。

1. Law - 法律
Law refers to a system of rules and regulations that are created and enforced by a particular country or community.
2. Legal - 法律的
Legal pertains to anything related to the law or its requirements.
3. Legislation - 立法
Legislation refers to the process of creating new laws or modifying existing laws.
4. Statute - 法规
A statute is a written law that has been formally passed by a legislative body.
5. Regulation - 规定
A regulation is a rule or directive that is issued by an executive branch of government in order to implement a law.
6. Act - 法案
An act is a formal written record of a decision made by a legislative body. Acts can be used to create new laws or modify existing ones.
7. Legal system - 法律体系
A legal system is a framework of rules, institutions, and procedures within which disputes are resolved and laws are made and enforced.
8. Court - 法院
A court is a governmental body with authority to resolve legal disputes.
Courts apply the law to make decisions and judgments.
9. Judge - 法官
A judge is a public official who presides over court proceedings and makes decisions based on the law.
10. Jury - 陪审团
A jury is a group of citizens who are chosen to hear evidence and decide the outcome of a trial.
11. Defendant - 被告
A defendant is a person or entity that is accused of committing a crime or is being sued in a civil case.
12. Plaintiff - 原告
A plaintiff is a person or entity that brings a lawsuit against another party in a civil case.
13. Prosecutor - 检察官
A prosecutor is a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases and is responsible for presenting the case against the defendant.
14. Attorney - 律师
An attorney is a person who is qualified and licensed to practice law, and is responsible for providing legal advice and representation to clients.
15. Evidence - 证据
Evidence is any information or material that is presented in court to prove or disprove a fact or issue in a case.
16. Testimony - 证词
Testimony is the oral or written statement given by a witness under oath in a court proceeding.
17. Contract - 合同
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations.
18. Tort - 侵权行为
A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and can result in a legal liability.
19. Liability - 责任
Liability refers to legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm to others.
20. Damages - 损害赔偿
Damages are monetary compensation awarded by a court to a party who has
suffered harm or loss as a result of another's actions.
21. Intellectual property - 知识产权
Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and designs that are protected by law.
22. Copyright - 版权
Copyright is a legal protection that gives the creator of an original work the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and display the work.
23. Trademark - 商标
A trademark is a distinctive sign or symbol that is used to identify and distinguish goods or services of one party from those of others.
24. Patent - 专利
A patent is a government grant that gives inventors the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their inventions for a limited period of time.
25. Constitutional law - 宪法法律
Constitutional law refers to the body of law that deals with the
interpretation and application of a country's constitution.
26. Civil law - 民法
Civil law refers to the body of law that governs private disputes between individuals or organizations.
27. Criminal law - 刑法
Criminal law refers to the body of law that deals with crimes and the punishment of those who commit them.
28. International law - 国际法
International law refers to the body of rules and principles that govern the relations between states and international organizations.
29. Human rights - 人权
Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, or other characteristics.
30. Constitutional rights - 宪法权利
Constitutional rights are the rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by a country's constitution, which serve as the foundation for the legal protection of citizens.
31. Due process - 正当程序
Due process refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals within the legal system, ensuring that their rights are protected and upheld throughout legal proceedings.
32. Legal precedent - 法律先例
Legal precedent refers to a previously decided case that serves as a guiding principle or authority in subsequent similar cases, providing a basis for
legal interpretation and decision-making.
33. Rule of law - 法治
The rule of law is the principle that all individuals, including government officials, are subject to and equal before the law, ensuring accountability, fairness, and justice in society.
34. Judicial review - 司法审查
Judicial review is the power of a court to review and evaluate the constitutionality and legality of laws, regulations, and governmental actions.
35. Legal counsel - 法律顾问
Legal counsel refers to the advice and representation provided by a lawyer or legal professional to individuals, businesses, or organizations in legal matters.
36. Legal ethics - 法律道德
Legal ethics are the professional standards and principles that govern the conduct and behavior of lawyers, ensuring integrity, confidentiality, and loyalty to clients.
37. Mediation - 调解
Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution in which a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
38. Arbitration - 仲裁
Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court, where a
neutral third party, called an arbitrator, reviews the evidence and makes a binding decision.
39. Legal research - 法律研究
Legal research involves the systematic investigation and analysis of legal principles, statutes, regulations, and cases to support legal arguments and provide accurate legal advice.
40. Legal writing - 法律写作
Legal writing refers to the clear and concise communication of legal information, including legal opinions, contracts, briefs, and other legal documents, in a manner that is easily understood by the intended audience.
41. Legal interpretation - 法律解释
Legal interpretation is the process of analyzing and understanding the meaning and intention behind laws, statutes, and legal texts, in order to apply them accurately to specific cases or situations.
42. Legal advocacy - 法律倡导
Legal advocacy involves representing and defending the interests, rights, and positions of clients in legal proceedings, using persuasive arguments and evidence to support their case.
43. Legal education - 法律教育
Legal education encompasses the academic study and professional training of individuals aspiring to become lawyers or legal professionals, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to practice law.
44. Legal system reform - 法律体系改革
Legal system reform refers to efforts to improve and update a country's legal system, including its laws, institutions, and procedures, in order to enhance access to justice, efficiency, and fairness.
45. Intellectual Property Rights - 知识产权
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to the legal rights granted to individuals or organizations for their creative and innovative works, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, trademarks, and designs. These rights enable creators and innovators to have exclusive control over their creations and prevent others from unauthorized use or exploitation.
46. Trade Secret - 商业秘密
A trade secret is confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner. It can include formulas, processes, customer lists, and other valuable information that is not generally known or easily discoverable. Trade secrets are protected by law, and unauthorized acquisition, use, or disclosure of trade secrets can result in legal action.
47. Infringement - 侵权
Infringement refers to the unauthorized or unlawful use, reproduction, distribution, or display of copyrighted works, trademarks, or other
intellectual property without the permission of the rights holder. Infringement can result in legal consequences, including injunctions, damages, and penalties.
48. Fair Use - 合理使用
Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted works without the permission of the rights holder, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. The determination of fair use depends on several factors, including the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality used, and the effect on the potential market for the work.
49. Legal Aid - 法律援助
Legal aid refers to the provision of free or low-cost legal services to individuals who cannot afford to pay for legal representation. It ensures access to justice for marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and helps balance the scales of justice by providing equal opportunities for legal protection and representation.
50. Pro Bono - 免费法律服务
Pro bono refers to the provision of legal services voluntarily and without charge by lawyers or law firms to individuals or organizations in need. Pro bono work aims to promote equal access to justice and assist those who cannot afford legal representation.
51. Legal Clinic - 法律诊所
A legal clinic is a facility or program that provides legal assistance and advice to individuals, usually under the supervision of licensed attorneys or law professors. Legal clinics often serve as training grounds for law students to gain practical experience while offering free or low-cost legal services to underserved communities.
52. Confidentiality - 保密
Confidentiality is the ethical and legal duty to keep information shared by clients or obtained during the course of legal representation confidential. Lawyers are obligated to protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients and can face disciplinary action if they disclose privileged or confidential information without authorization.
53. Conflict of Interest - 利益冲突
A conflict of interest arises when a person, such as a lawyer, has competing personal, professional, or financial interests that could compromise their objectivity, judgment, or loyalty to their client. Lawyers must avoid
conflicts of interest and, if they arise, disclose them to the client and take appropriate measures to address them.
54. Legal Precedent - 法律先例
Legal precedent, also known as case law, refers to the past decisions of higher courts that establish binding legal principles and interpretation of the law. Lower courts are generally bound to follow the precedent set by higher courts unless there are compelling reasons to depart from it.
55. Legal System Hierarchy - 法律体系层级
Legal systems often have a hierarchical structure, with different levels of courts and judicial authorities. Generally, the hierarchy starts with trial courts or district courts at the lowest level, followed by appellate courts or high courts, and ultimately the highest court, such as a supreme court or constitutional court, which has the final authority to interpret and apply the law.
56. Legal Dispute Resolution - 法律纠纷解决
Legal dispute resolution refers to the methods and processes used to resolve conflicts and disputes between parties, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Different dispute resolution mechanisms offer varying degrees of formality, cost, flexibility, and finality, allowing
parties to choose the most suitable approach for their specific circumstances.
57. Legal Liability - 法律责任
Legal liability is the legal responsibility or obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss resulting from one's actions or omissions. It can arise from various areas of law, such as tort law, contract law, or criminal
law, and may involve civil or criminal liability depending on the nature of the offense.
58. Legal Reform - 法律改革
Legal reform refers to deliberate and systematic changes made to improve and update the legal system and its processes. Legal reform aims to address shortcomings, enhance access to justice, promote fairness and efficiency, and adapt the law to social, economic, and technological developments in order to better serve the needs of society.
59. Legal Compliance - 法律合规
Legal compliance refers to the adherence and conformity to applicable laws, regulations, and legal requirements. Individuals, businesses, and organizations must ensure that their activities and operations comply with the law to avoid legal penalties, reputational damage, and other adverse consequences.
60. Legal Due Diligence - 法律尽职调查
Legal due diligence involves the careful examination, investigation, and assessment of legal risks and obligations associated with a particular transaction, investment, or business activity. Legal due diligence aims to identify and mitigate potential legal issues, liabilities, or regulatory compliance problems that could impact the outcome or viability of the transaction or activity.
以上是一些常见的英语法律词汇汇总，这些词汇的掌握对于从事法律领域工作的人员来说非常重要。

希望这些词汇能够帮助大家更好地理解和运用英语法律术语。