(NEW)江西师范大学外国语学院《716综合英语》历年考研真题及详解

目　录
2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解
2014年江西师范大学外国语学院
716综合英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary (20×1 points)
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. The troops ______ the city, killing and injuring hundreds.
A. adverted
B. bombarded
C. sprinted
D. interlocked
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意：军队轰炸了这座城市，造成数百人伤亡。

bombard轰炸，炮击。

advert注意；谈到。

sprint冲刺，快速跑。

interlock连锁，连结。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2. “Senior citizen” is a(n) ______ for “old person”.
A. mythology
B. onset
C. euphemism
D. pal
【答案】
C
句意：“老年公民”是“老人”的委婉语。

euphemism委婉语。

【解析】
mythology神话。

onset开始；攻击。

pal伙伴，朋友。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

3. We’re at a critical ______ in terms of his domestic program.
A. jig
B. martin
C. martini
D. juncture
【答案】
D
句意：就他的国内计划而言，我们正处于一个紧要的关口。

【解析】
juncture特定时刻，关头。

jig夹具，吉格舞。

martin紫崖燕。

martini马提尼（鸡尾酒）。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

4. If he wins this race, it will ______ for his recent string of defeats.
A. ameliorate
B. atone
C. asperse
D. ascertain
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意：如果他赢得这场比赛，这将会弥补他最近一连串的失败。

atone弥补，赎罪。

ameliorate改善，减轻。

asperse诽谤。

ascertain确定，查明。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

5. If you ______, you suddenly shout something, for example because you are very surprised.
A. betoken
B. chide
C. assay
D. ejaculate
【答案】
D
【解析】
句意：如果你突然大喊，往往是因为你感到很惊讶。

ejaculate喊出；突然说出（尤指因惊奇）。

betoken预示，表示。

chide责骂。

assay
化验；测定。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

6. She trimmed the ______ of the tulips before putting them in a vase.
A. sprig
B. spruce
C. stakes
D. stalks
【答案】
D
【解析】
句意：她在把郁金香插进花瓶之前，把花茎修剪了一下。

stalk（植物）茎，秆。

sprig带叶小枝。

spruce云杉。

stake桩，棍子；赌注。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

7. Using tanks and heavy ______, they seized the town.
A. artillery
B. artifice
C. artery
D. artisan
【答案】
A
句意：他们用坦克和重炮占领了这个城镇。

artillery大炮。

【解析】
artifice诡计，欺骗。

artery动脉；干道。

artisan工匠。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

8. She knew that her efforts to ______ cheerfulness weren’t convincing.
A. ferment
B. fend
C. fester
D. feint
【答案】
D
句意：她明白自己强颜欢笑是瞒不了谁的。

feint假装的。

【解析】
ferment发酵；动乱。

fend照料；避开。

fester溃烂；使……痛苦。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

9. He gave me an ______ either Mary have to leave, or me.
A. ulcer
B. ultimatum
C. underdog
D. underworld
【答案】
B
句意：他给我下了最后通牒：不是玛丽离开，就是我离开。

【解析】
ultimatum最后通牒。

ulcer溃疡，腐烂。

underdog失败者。

underworld黑社会；地狱。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

10. My bike has had two ______ in the last 3 weeks.
A. purees
B. punctures
C. pumas
D. pundits
【答案】
B
句意：我的自行车在过去三个星期里被扎了两个洞。

【解析】
puncture（轮胎上刺破的）小孔，小洞。

puree浓汤，果泥。

puma美洲狮。

pundit专家，权威。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

11. He left what little furniture he owned to his landlord in ______ of rent.
A. lilac
B. lesion
C. lieu
D. levity
【答案】
C
【解析】
句意：他把仅有的几件家具作为租金留给了房东。

in lieu of代替。

lilac淡紫色，丁香花。

lesion损害。

levity多变，轻浮。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

12. He went to strike her face but she ______ his hand with her arm.
A. adulated
B. parried
C. harried
D. griped
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意：他走过去打她的脸，但她用胳膊挡住了他的手。

parry回避；挡开。

adulate奉承；谄媚。

harry（不断）烦扰；纠缠。

gripe抱怨；肠胃绞痛。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

13. The ladder ______ dangerously and I nearly fell off.
A. controverted
B. teetered
C. deciphered
D. derogated
【答案】
B
句意：梯子危险地摇晃起来，我差点摔下来。

teeter摇晃，摇【解析】
摆。

controvert否认，驳斥；争论，辩论。

decipher破译；辨认。

derogate 毁损；贬低。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

14. Most political prisoners were freed under the terms of the ______.
A. curator
B. diocese
C. amnesty
D. inquest
【答案】
C
句意：大多数政治犯是根据大赦的条款被释放的。

amnesty大【解析】
赦。

curator监护人；馆长。

diocese教区。

inquest审讯。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

15. Industrial waste is ______ the environment.
A. deflected
B. deployed
C. detracted
D. despoiling
【答案】
D
句意：工业废料正在破坏环境。

despoil破坏，掠夺。

deflect转【解析】
向；偏斜。

deploy部署；展开。

detract贬低；转移。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

16. In the suburbs the spacious houses stand in ______ contrast to the slums of the city’s poor.
A. foolhardy
B. furtive
C. insidious
D. stark
【答案】
D
句意：郊区宽敞的大房子和城里的贫民窟形成了鲜明的对比。

【解析】
stark极端的，赤裸的。

foolhardy蛮干的，有勇无谋的。

furtive鬼鬼祟祟的。

insidious阴险的，狡猾的。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

17. If the dam breaks, it will ______ large parts of the town.
A. inundate
B. bootleg
C. circumvent
D. gird
【答案】
A
【解析】
句意：如果大坝决堤，它将淹没城镇的大部分地区。

inundate淹没；泛滥。

bootleg非法贩卖。

circumvent包围；绕行。

gird束缚；嘲笑。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

18. Her later writing so lacked subtlety that it almost read like a ______ of her earlier work.
A. urn
B. satin
C. consortium
D. parody
【答案】
D
【解析】
句意：她后期的作品缺乏精妙之处，读起来感觉像是对她早期
作品的拙劣模仿。

parody拙劣模仿。

urn骨灰瓮，大茶壶。

satin缎子衣服。

consortium财团；联合。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

19. It is a ______ of contemporary psychology that an individual’s mental health is supported by having good social networks.
A. tenor
B. tenet
C. tensile
D. tentacle
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意：良好的社交网络有利于一个人的心理健康，这是当代心理学的原则。

tenet原则，信条。

tenor要旨；男高音。

tensile可拉伸的。

tentacle触角。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

20. The company’s sales ______ from $11 million to $160 million.
A. zoomed
B. doomed
C. bustled
D. butted
【答案】
A
【解析】
句意：公司的销售额从1100万美元飙升至1.6亿美元。

zoom急剧增长，猛涨。

doom注定。

bustle喧闹；催促。

butt用头顶。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

Ⅱ. Cloze (20×1 points)
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first
(21)______, they were like newborn children, unable to use this (22)______ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future (23)______ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is (24)______ for our ability to produce and use language. They (25)______ that our highly evolved brain provides us (26)______ an innate language ability not found in lower (27)______. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our (28)______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (29)______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical (30)______ times for language development.
Current (31)______ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. (32)______, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in (33)______ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (34)______ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (35)______ of their first language have become
firmly fixed.
(36)______ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (37)______ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (38)______ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (39)______ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. (40)______, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
21. A. generated
B. evolved
C. born
D. originated
22. A .valuable
B. appropriate
C. convenient
D. favorite
23. A. attainments
B. feasibility
C. entertainments
D. evolution
24. A. essential
B. available
C .reliable
D. responsible
25. A. confirm
B. inform
C. claim
D. convince
26. A. for
B. from
C. of
D. with
27. A. organizations
B. organisms
C. humans
D. children
28. A. potential
B. performance
C. preference
D. passion
29. A.as
B. just as
C. like
D. unlike
30. A. ideological
B. biological
C. social
D. psychological
31. A. reviews
B. reference
C. reaction
D. recommendation
32. A. In a word
B. In a sense
C. Indeed
D. In other words
33. A. various
B. different
C. the higher
D. the lower
34. A. revealed
B. exposed
C. engaged
D. involved
35. A. regulations
B. formations
C. rules
D .constitutions
36. A. Although
B. Whether
C. Since
D. When
37. A. distinguished
B. different
C. protected
D. isolated
38. A. exposition
B. comparison
C. contrast
D. interaction
39. A. acquisition
B. appreciation
C. requirement
D. alternative
40. A.As a result
B. After all
C. In other words
D. Above all
【答案与解析】
21. B 此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。

evolve逐渐发展，进化。

generate产生。

born出生。

originate起源于。

22. A 此处意为：语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。

valuable珍贵的。

appropriate合适的，适当的。

convenient方便的，便利的。

favorite最喜欢的。

23. A 此处意为：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。

attainment成就。

feasibility可行性。

entertainment娱乐。

evolution进化。

24. D 此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。

固定短语be responsible for对……负责。

其他选项不与for搭配。

25. C 根据语法分析，空格后应是一个宾语从句，而A，B，D三项后都不能接从句做直接宾语。

confirm确认。

inform通知。

convince使某人确信。

26. D 固定搭配provide sb. with sth.“向某人提供某物”。

27. B 此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不
具备的语言能力。

显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。

因此选organisms“有机体，生物体”。

28. A 此处意为：人类的语言潜能是与生倶来的，但语言本身在逐渐发展。

potential潜能。

performance性能；绩效；表演。

preference偏爱。

passion激情。

29. A 此处意为：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。

as作为，符合题意。

30. B 此处意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。

biological生物的。

ideological思想上的。

social社会的。

psychological心理的。

31. A 此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。

review评论。

reference参考。

reaction反应。

recommendation推荐。

32. C 由31题可知，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词indeed“甚至”。

33. D 此处意为：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易。

根据后文的“Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults …”可以选定答案。

34. B 此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。

be exposed to是固定搭配，意为“接触到”。

reveal显露，而reveal sth. to sb在这里不合题意，因为本题中的them指languages。

剩余选项不与to搭配。

engage in从事。

be involved in参与。

35. C 此处意为：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。

rule规则，规律。

regulation规定。

formation构成，构造。

constitution宪法；章程。

36. A 分析上下文的逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。

主句意思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。

因此，前后应为转折关系。

37. D 此处意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。

isolated偏远的；孤立的。

distinguished卓越的。

different不同的。

protected受到保护的。

38. D 此处总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。

interaction相互作用；交流。

exposition暴露。

comparison比较。

contrast对比。

39. A 根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句
的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development，即language acquisition语言习得。

appreciation欣赏；感激。

requirement要求。

alternative供替代的选择。

40. C 本句是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior（模仿性的后天行为）”。

in other words换言之，换句话说。

as a result结果是。

after all毕竟。

above all首先。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (20×2 points)
There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions. For each of them there 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
If you, like me, distrust school cafeterias, you pack homemade lunches for your children, as I did until my sons finished high school. But in the rush to get youngsters up, dressed, fed and off to school on time, the safety of that packed lunch easily can be overlooked.
While there are no statistics on how often schoolchildren are sickened by the lunches they bring from home, it’s far better to be safe than sorry, said Nancy Donley, the president of STOP FOODBORNE ILLNESS, an advocacy organization. Ms. Donley, who lives in Chicago, knows the risks all too well. In 1993 she lost her only child, 6-year-old Alex, to one of the nastiest food contaminants, innocently consumed in store-bought ground meat. Rather than retreat into a fetal position, she channeled her grief and anger into helping others avoid a similar tragedy.
According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in six Americans will be felled by food poisoning this year, with 128,000 hospitalized and 3,000 people dying as a result. Thirty-one organisms are known causes of 9.4 million of these illnesses, but 38.4 million people will be sickened by unknown pathogens. Our extraordinarily complex food supply, with commodities coming in year round from all over the world, has seriously challenged government efforts to keep consumers safe.
“Over the years, we’ve made progress in some areas but gone backward in others,” Ms. Donley said in an interview. “With so many deaths and illnesses each year from contaminated foods, there’s still a long way to go.”
While organizations like hers press for stricter inspection standards from the government and tighter controls from the food industry, Ms. Donley believes that consumers also must protect themselves as best they can.
“It’s important for the public to understand there are risks in food, and it’s up to them to try to mitigate those risks,” she said. And since children are among the most vulnerable to severe consequences of food poisoning, it makes sense to start with the lunches they take to school.
A standard rule of food safety is to keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot until it is time to eat them. Temperatures between 40 degrees and 140 degrees, not uncommon in packed lunches that sit in warm classrooms for hours, are ideal conditions for bacterial growth. Insulated lunch boxes can help keep food safer. The best box (hard-sided or soft) has an insulated lining and a pocket in which to place a thin freezer pack to help keep the contents cold until they are consumed.
What to put in those boxes? Foods like peanut butter and sliced cheese can tolerate room temperatures without spoiling, especially if insulation is lacking. Also consider pantry-safe foods packed in easy-to-open containers, like tuna that can be eaten out of a flip-top can, with or without bread.
Boxed milk or juice sold unrefrigerated is also a safe bet. And you can freeze these (as well as a water bottle) ahead of time and use them as cold packs; as they defrost, they’ll keep the rest of the lunch chilled. A number of
sandwiches—for example, those made with lunch meats, tuna or egg salad—can be made the night before and frozen as well; they’ll defrost by lunch time. If your child likes lettuce and tomato, pack them separately to be put on the sandwich before eating. If you include cut-up vegetables, be sure they are washed first and packed in a clean container. Dried fruits and whole fruits like apples, bananas, oranges and grapes can round out the meal and can be kept safely at room temperature. But all fresh fruits, even those that will be peeled, must be washed before they are put in the lunch box.
Before preparing food, wash your hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds. Counter-tops and cutting boards should be washed as well; they can be sanitized. For the sake of convenience, I use a spray-on bleach product to clean my countertops and sink, and I wash everything that comes into contact with raw animal products immediately after use. Of course, any surface, utensil or hand that comes into contact with raw meat, poultry, fish or eggs must always be thoroughly cleaned before being used for other foods, including those same foods after they are cooked.
Ideally, children should wash up before lunch, but that may not happen when they have only 15 to 20 minutes to eat. Alternatively, put a pocket-size hand sanitizer or moistened antibacterial towelette in the lunch box and instruct them to use it before they eat.
From The New York Times, August 29, 2011
41. According to the author, the safety of homemade lunches ______.
A. is obviously ensured
B. can be easily ignored
C. is no better than food in school cafeterias
D. is known to all the people
42. Some parties are mentioned in the article in terms of taking responsibility of mitigating the food poisoning EXCEPT ______.
A. the government
B. the food industry
C. the press
D. consumers
43. In order to ensure food safety you should ______.
A. keep packed lunches between 40 degrees and 140 degrees
B. keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot
C. put the food in lunch boxes with a soft lining and a pocket
D. keep the lunch boxes in warm classrooms
44. ______ can perfect the meal.
A. Peanut butter or sliced cheese
B. Boxed milk or juice
C. Tuna or egg salad
D. Dried fruits and whole fruits
45. If there is not enough time to have lunch, children can wash up by using ______.
A. a spray-on bleach product
B. warm water
C. soap
D. a pocket-size hand sanitizer
【答案与解析】
41. B 本题为细节题。

根据题干，我们可以参考文章第一段的第二
句“But in the rush to get youngsters up, dressed, fed and off to school on time, the safety of that packed lunch easily can be overlooked.”人们常常对学校食堂提供的食物抱有不信任的态度，但是早上为了帮助孩子起床、穿衣、吃饭并准时出发去学校，时间会非常匆忙，以至于会忽视所准备的午饭的安全性。

因此答案为B。

42. C 本题为细节题。

由文章第五段的第一句“While organizations like hers press for stricter inspection standards from the government and tighter controls from the food industry, Ms. Donley believes that consumers also must protect themselves as best they can.”这段话中提到需要对食物安全进行监督的方面有政府、食品行业以及消费者自身，并没有提到媒体，所以应该选择C。

43. B 本题为细节题。

文章第七段第一句话告诉我们“A standard rule of
food safety is to keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot.”，因此选项B正确。

本段还提出不要把食物保持在40～140摄氏度之间，因为此温度有利于细菌的滋生，因此选项A和D错误。

同时本段还提到了有隔热作用的午餐盒（“Insulated lunch boxes can help keep food safer.”），并且文章还指出，最好带有隔热衬里和一个可以放置轻薄冷冻包装的小袋子，因此选项C错误。

44. D 本题为细节题。

文章第八段中提到选项A（foods like peanut butter and sliced cheese）可以放在常温下；第九段提到选项B（boxed milk or juice sold unrefrigerated）也是一个安全的选择，你也可以提前冷藏一下，那么当解冻的时候，正好也可以冷却其他的午餐。

这一段还提到了选项C（tuna or egg salad）可以前一天晚上准备并冷藏起来。

同时还可以吃一些水果，使午餐更加完美，当然水果可以放在常温下。

综上所述答案为D。

45. D 本题为细节题。

先分析一下四个选项：选项A“喷雾漂白产品”可以用来清洗厨房的工作台面和洗涤槽（“I use a spray-on bleach product to clean my countertops and sink.”）；选项B“温水”和C项“肥皂”是在准备食物之前用来洗手的；选项D“口袋大小的洗手液”是在没有太多时间吃午饭时，为方便起见用来洗手的。

因此答案为D。

Passage Two
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose.
In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.”
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.
This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist
like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.
The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative- these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
46. The most important of all human qualities is ______
[A] a sense of humor.
[B] a sense of satire.
[C] a sense of laughter.
[D] a sense of history.
47. The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because ______
[A] they can amuse people.
[B] human beings are different from animals.
[C] they show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
[D] they show that people have the same ability to laugh.
48. One of the chief functions of irony and satire is ______
[A] to show absurdity of actions.
[B] to redress balance.
[C] to take the wind out of politicians.
[D] to show too much grimness in the world.
49. What do we learn from the sentence “it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?”
[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.
[B] It can arouse people to riot.
[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related.
[D] It can make people laugh.
50. Who is Swift?
[A] A novelist.
[B] A poet.
[C] A dramatist.
[D] An essayist.
【答案与解析】
46. A 文章一开始就提出人类之所以区别于动物是因为人有笑的功能，
笑是基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感，这是人类所独有的。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

47. C 作者提卓别林电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力，即C选项。

A选项“它可以取悦任何人”；B选项“人类和动物不同”；D选项“证明人有同样笑的功能。

”
48. B B选项意为“使各种事情重新相等和均衡”。

第三段着重讲了这一点：人类在痛苦中挣扎，政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客低下高傲头颅；可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。

A选项“表现行为的荒唐”；C选项“使政治家气馁”；D选项“表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。

”
49. A 由题干定位到倒数第二段的最后一句，结合本段内容可知，A选项“它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相”正是对这句话的同义改写。

B选项“这可促使人民暴动”；C选项“它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系”；D选项“它能令人哭”。

50. A 由倒数第二段的“We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels”可知，斯威夫特是《格列佛游记》的作者，因此答案为novelist（小说家）。

Passage Three
Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link
exposure to electro-magnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power line sand antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link”between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very long wave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an
electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects. For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing”radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that
the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
51. The main idea of this passage is ______
[A] studies on the cause of cancer.
[B] controversial view-points in the cause of cancer.
[C] the relationship between electricity and cancer.
[D] different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.
52. The view-point of the EPA is ______
[A] there is casual link between electricity and cancer.
[B] electricity really affects cancer.
[C] controversial.
[D] low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer
53. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report? Because ______.
[A] it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.
[B] every unit of the modem military has depended on the heavy use of some
kind of electronic equipment.
[C] the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.
[D] they had different arguments.
54. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon ______
[A] the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.
[B] the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.
[C] electromagnetic field may affect health.
[D] only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.
55. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?
[A] They are indifferent.
[B] They are worried very much.
[C] The may exercise prudent avoidance.
[D] They are shocked.
【答案与解析】
51. D 文章一开始就提出了“电会致癌吗？”这个问题。

十多年来，一大批科学家和新闻界人士都指出：研究结果似乎表明，接触电磁场可能会增加患白血病和其他恶性肿瘤的危险性。

所以说到目前为止还难以确定
电力对健康的影响究竟是理性的，还是杞人忧天。

因此，本题的正确答案为D，即“电力对癌症影响的不同观点”。

A，B这两项根本不对，和文中电力毫无关系。

而C选项表示“电力和癌症的关系”，文中涉及的只是电力究竟会不会致癌的两种不同观点，而不是两者的关系。

52. A 根据文章第二段第三句“The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence ‘suggests a casual link’ between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very long wave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer,”环保署目前的结论是据科学证据指出极低频电磁场——具有长波的电磁场——和白血病，淋巴瘤及脑癌之间有着难以确定的联系。

因此答案为A“电和致癌有一定难以确定的关系”。

53. B B选项意为“现代军事的任何部门都一直依赖于大量应用电子设备。

”五角大楼和白宫之所以反对环保署公布报告的理由就在此。

空军方面的专家之所以说环保署方面的报告“歪曲了整个文件以证明两者之间的关系”也在于此。

A选项表示“报告会在布什政府内引起大规模的辩论”，这是结果。

C选项表示“五角大楼的关注是可以理解的”，这不是原因。

D选项表示“他们有不同的观点”。

54. A 答案在文章第四段的二、三句，即“当电流通过电缆，产生磁场，对周围物体产生(影响)力。

许多年来，科学家把任何有关这些力可能有害的想法置于一边(不予考虑)，主要是因为它们(所产生的力)非常弱。

”因此，答案为A“磁场力太弱不会产生有害作用”。

55. C A选项“漠不关心”可以直接排除，因为这样会直接影响人的性命。

B，D这两项也都不可能，因为这个问题还在争议之中，唯一的途径只能是尽量避开和电器接触。

因此答案为C。