商务英语阅读课后答案

Unit 1
2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.
1) At a time whe n the n eed is grow ing for men tai health services, many coun tries are unfortunately cutting back on its spending.
2) There is an in creas ing nu mber of people out of work. But the wester n media ofte n unfairly label them as lazy and reliable.
3) Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, thempact of all the spilled oil and n atural gas is still being measured.
4) Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to
deliver on services and projects aimed at growing the economy and jobs.
5) Hous ing prices are in credibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about
five years ago. 6) As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily n ecessities,
the gover nment feels rather urge nt to hold down in flati on rate immediately.
7) Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned en
terprises.
8) Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have
trickled down to all places, in clud ing reside ntial build in gs.
9) Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place
when it comes to nv estme nt for mult in ati onal compa ni es. 10) Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think
of quitting while many others have battled in vain to quit. 3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B: A) A reducti on in the gen eral availability of loans (or credit) or a sudde n tighte ning of the con diti ons required to obta in a loan from the banks 1 B) A non-bank entity or organization such as investment companies and mutual funds that inv ests in large qua ntities.§ C) A legal en tity created by a government to un dertake
commercial activities on its behalf.6 D) The trad ing of a corporation's stock or other
securities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by in dividuals
with pote ntial access to non-public in formatio n. 9
E) An in dustry that requires large amounts of capital,
mach inery and equipme nt to produce goods 5
F) Gen erati on of new and creative approaches to
securities, money man ageme nt or in vest ing l
G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that too
much money is chas ing
too few goods and 1) financial innovation
2) stimulus package
3) overheat
ing 4) stamp tax 5) capital-inten sive sector 6) state-ru n firm
econo mists fear a rise in in flati on 卫
7) credit crisis H) tax levied on certa in legal tran sact ions such as the
tran sfer of a property such as build ing, copyright, land,
pate nt, and securities.
8) in stituti onal inv estor I) A pla n or a series of measures take n by a
gover nment to jump-start its aili ng economy,
gen erally as a part of its fiscal policy. _2
10) in sider tradi ng Unit 2
2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list
given below:
1) The search for the child was scaled back harply today, with almost a third of the volun
2) into a recession by year s end.
teers head ing home.
The former Federal Reserve Chairman saysthere is a risk that the US could slip
3) The CEO of the firm said that they would switch priority from traditional
labor- inten sive products to more hi-tech and value-added ones.
4) In the aftermath of the financial crisis the group has put on hold some of its
ambitious regi onal expa nsion pla ns.
5) Toyota Motor Corp. is offering widespread job buyouts to its US workers for the first time and cutting the workweek at some of its American plants by 10% to
contend with falli ng sales.
6) Eventually, it must morph into a system that functions on stability, or it will fail and
cause an un stoppable breakdow n and widespread hardship.
7) Unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmly under
the thumb of politicia ns.
8) The stock market ' enduranee could depend heavily on whether economic and
corporate performa nee rema ins un certa in, or begi ns in dicati ng that the economy truly is out of the woods
9) Survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiencesto help them come
to terms with the flood disaster.
10) Other coun tries—no tably Australia—have also avoided a bust in their hous ing
markets, and have in stead see n prices in creas flatten out.
3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:
_______ A ______________ ______________________ B
1) double-dip recession A) A physical substanee, such as foodgrains and metals
which is interchangeablewith another product of the same
type, and which investors buy or sell, usually through
future con tracts Z
2) credit rati ng B) A measure that exam in esthe weighted average of
prices of foodstuffs, ofte n used as an importa nt factor to
assess the cost of liv ing9
3) austerity C) A gover nment policy of deficit-cutt in g, lower spe nding,
and a reduct ion in the amount of ben efits and public
services provided, sometimes coupled with in creases in
taxesto pay backcreditors to reduce debt.3
4) private sector D) A central bank regulation that sets the minimum
reserveseach commercial bank must hold to customer
deposits and no tes10
5) protective tariff E) The part of the economy that is not state con trolled,
and is run by in dividuals and compa nies for profit. 4
6) beggar thy neighbor F) An expression in economics describing policy that
seeks ben efitsfor one country at the expe nse of others.
Such policies attempt to remedy the economic problems in
one country by means which tend to worse n the problems
of other coun tries6
7) commodity G) A published ranking based on detailed financial
analysis by a credit bureau, of one' financial history,
specifically as it relates to one' ability to meet debt obligati
ons. 2
8) sovereign-debt crisis H) A crisis in which a national government owes so much
debt that it is unable to repay or on the edge of ban kruptcy
8
9) food-price index I) A tariff which tries to ban imports to stop them
competi ng with local products 5
10) reserve requirement J) A situation where economic growth slides back to
negative after a short-lived growth and the economy may
move into a deeper and Ion ger dow nturr!
Unit 3
1. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list
given below. Make changes when necessary.
1) Investors from big cities are quick to snap up real estatesin this booming town for their
rising future values.
2) There are already clear signals that the investors will shift away from the finan cial
firm in legal trouble.
3) High in put costs are likely to put pressure on steel prices in the domestic market eve
n if dema nd still rema ins high.
4) The prime minister said Thursday that a new international airport will be built in the
souther n city to cater to the rising nu mber of passe ngers and air cargoes there. 5) Many econo mists fear that the con tract ion of money supply may dry up financing n
eeded for various econo mic activities.
6) Professor Nil was, however, quick to warn the public to be on their guard against those
coun terfeits alreadyi n circulation
7) Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and doze ns of prestigious awards from prominent
film festivals around the world attest to the stellar quality of the films being featured at the annual World Community Film Festival.
8) A neighborhood group in the district plans to hold a fundraiser to help children pay off
overdue book fines so that they can resume using their library
9) The writer 'fame shrank last year becausethe public thought he was knocking
out so many thi ngs.
10) Bus in ess leaders have urged the gover nment to snap up farmla nd overseas to
grow basic staples as a buffer aga inst soari ng food prices.
11) T he Vancouver team vowed to get back to doing the little things right and knew it
would add up to big things.
12) What has happenedover the past few years indicates that great political, social
and econo mic tran sformatio ns are n the making.
2. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.
A B
1) emergi ng market
2) profit marg in
3) con sumer spe nding
4) con sumerism
5) disposable in come
6) optio n
7) econo mic restructuri ng
8) turnaround
9) curre nt acco unt
10) economic model A) A con tract that permits the owner, depe nding on the type of optio n held, to purchase or sell an asset at a fixed price un til a specific date
B) A theoretical con struct that represe nts econo mic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and qua ntitative relati on ships betwee n then10 C) An economy with fast growth rate but low to middle per capita in come, has ope ned up its market and integrated itself into the global economy;!
D) The process of movi ng from a period of losses or low profitability into a more profitable stage for a firm, in dustry or economy.8
E) Ratio of profit after taxes to cost-of-sales, ofte n expressed as a perce ntage, measuri ng the profitability of a firm and in dicat ing its cost structure2
F) P ortion of the bala nee of payme nts con sisti ng of exports and imports of goods and services, as well as tran sfer payme nts such as foreig n aid gran ts. 9
G) The amount of money spe nt by households,
measured mon thly, making up an importa nt part of an economy^
H) The phe nomenon of an economy shifti ng from a
manufacturing to a service sector economic base.
7
I) A moveme nt equati ng pers onal happ in ess
with purchas ing material possessi ons and
consumption. 4
J) The amount of in come left to an in dividual after taxes have bee n paid, available for spe nding and sav ing_5
Unit 4
2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list
given below. Make changes when necessary.
1) China will adhere to the prin ciple of develop ing high tech no logy and realiz ing
industrialization to step up the commercialization, industrialization and intern atio nalizatio n of scie ntific and tech no logical achieveme nts.
2) In the recent crisis no banks could manageto bail out the companies in financial pressure.
3) In terms of the in formatio n from the Uni verse he is apathetic and sometimes irritable, he is like an ostrich sticking hisheadin sand
4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.
5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipme nt.
6) The plan has already been worked out , and could be put into operation at a mome nt's no tice.
7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in the war.
8) His remarks hit home whe n he said that we did n ot work eno ugh.
9) Some analysts suspected that Toyo taad pulled strings to stifle probes into its auto quality problems. 10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have no thi ng to give back to you.
3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:
A ___________________
B ________________________________________ 1)free market 2) coalition government 3) dem on stratio n effects 4) health in sura nee 5) n ati onal in terest 6) pension scheme
A) Effects on the behavior of in dividuals caused by
observati on of the actions of others and their
consequences.
B) An economic turmoil where companies go ban
krupt, people are laid off, and markets are
sluggish. There is a lot of panic in both bus in
ess and daily lives 9
C) A market in which there is no economic
interventionby the state except to enforce private
con tracts and the own ership of property. 1
D) A qualified retirement plan set upby a corporati
on, labor union, gover nment or other orga ni zati
on for its employees 6
E) A form of collectivism by means of which people
collectively pool their risk, in this case the risk of
in curri ng medical expe nses4 F) The ability to obtain what one wants through economic or cultural means. It allows nations to
exert their in flue nee without using military
means or coerci on 8
G) A fight or con ten tio n for territory, power,
con trol, or resources betwee n tow more parties
in a place or area.7
H) Things of great importa nee to a n ati on,
including its goals, visions and ambitions in political, economic,
cultural fields, etc. and acti ons, circumsta nces, and decisi onsto
achieve them. 5
I) A cabinet of a parliamentary governmentin which
severalparties cooperate.2
Unit 7
2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list
given below:
1) With his expanding wireless broadband plan, Obama wants to usher every American
into the 'Digital Age'.
2) School activities start winding down about two weeks before the end of semester.
3) The man said he couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.
4) Everybody is sure that the ceaseless dripping owater will in the end hollow out a
stone.
5) The progressive movement, which had already brought important changes in federal
policies, stood on the verge of culmi natio n and fulfillme nt
6) The state has suffered so much loss. The smugglers should n ever be allowed to get
off easy.
7) After product ion expa nsion, this compa ny now can turn out a millio n televisi on
sets a mon th.
8) The preeminent writer's personal appearanee picked up the sales of the book con
siderably
9) The n ewly announ ced credit policy may help many family-ow ned bus in esses get
through the tough times at prese nt..
10) The gover nment has imposed drastic econo mic con trols tohoke off in flati on.
11) To execute full-cost acco un ti ng, compa nies mus a ccount for the true cost of their
products.
12) Econo mists are not so optimistic becausethere is no sig n that the recessi on has
bottomed out
3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:
A B
1 ) bon dholder a) A measure of a compa ny's finan cial health,which
equals cash receipts minus cash payme nts over
a give n period of time. 6
2 ) creditor b) A finan cial assetwhose value has falle n sig ni
fica ntly and which fails gen erate cashflow and is
worth much less tha n expected?
3 ) dealership c) An en tity (pers on or in stituti on) that exte nds credit by
giving ano ther en tity permissi on to
7) turf war
8) soft power
9) econo mic crunch
borrow money if it is paid back at a later date 2
d) A unit specially orga ni zed to work on a sin gle
defi ned task 10
e) A bus in ess compa ny that is owned or con trolled by ano ther larger compa ny 9
f) A pers on owning a bond or bonds issued b a gover nment or a public compa ny 1
g) Money used for the preservati on of men tal and physical health by preve nti ng or treat ing ill ness
through services offered by the health professi on
4
h) Volume of products or services that can be gen erated by a product ion pla nt or en terprise in a
give n period by using curre nt resources 5
i) A bus in ess established or operated un der an authorizati on to sell or distribute a compa ny goods or
service in a particular are 3
j) Products that are extremely populous among con
sumers and no rmally sell like hot cakes in the
market.8
Unit 8
1. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list
given below. Make changes when necessary.
1) When the starlet was asked abouther new boyfriend, she couldn ' help but gush
about him and their intimate plans for Valentine ' s.Day
2) The leaking of as many as 251,000 StateDepartment documents,including secret embassy reportsfrom around the world, is nothing short of a political meltdown for US foreign policy. 3) With very critical views on the government economic policies, she often pals around
with those scholars who also take rather radical stanee on economic issues.
4) It is high time for every one in the departme nt tokick into full geara nd fulfill our sales
quota by the end of the year.
5) The mother did whatever possible to prevent her son from hanging out with the guy
who she thought was up to no thi ng good.
6) Obama svictory in the election was viewed by many as progress in the United States. But I thi nk his eth ni city is beside the point
7) The neighbors said what happenedwas totally out of character for the woman they
knew as quiet and frie ndly
8) Unfortunately, the firm has not been able to pare ) production cost to the level that
matches its competitors in the market.
9) On the back of strong corporate earnings reports from a number of firms last week,
coupled with the improvi ng un employme nt rate, i nv estor sen time nt was bolstered 4) health-care expe nses 5) manu facturi ng capacity 6) net cash flow 7) bad asset 8) hot products 9) subsidiary# 10) task force
on the first trad ing day of the week.
10) T he team is expected to take a vote toni ght that coulc feet in motion a new pla n to
revitalize the finan cial market.
11) It was a long time before our bus in ess part ners could catch on to what we really
inten ded.
12) A s a shrewd man, he successfully pounced at the opport unity last year to become
the marketi ng man ager.
2. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:
A B
1) market share
2) cash drain
3) shareholder wealth
4) net worth
5) man ageme nt team
6) brain trust
7) bala nee sheet
8) capta ins of in dustry
9) Ven ture capitalist
10) product cycle A) A group of advisors, origi nally to a political can didate,
for their expertise in particular fields, but now to any
decision makers, whether or not in politics. 6
B) The rate of new product developme nt, which
is getting faster with more severe competition
and faster tech no logical adva nceme nt10
C) Perce ntage or proporti on of the total
available market or market segment that a
product or compa ny takes.1
D) A group of executives employed to man age a
project, departme nt, or compa ny with their
particular expertise or skills. 5
E) A pers on, project, bus in ess or compa ny that
con ti nues to con sume large amounts of cash
with no end in sight. 2
F) A pers on or firm that inv ests in a bus in ess ven
ture, providi ng capital for start-up or
expa nsion, and expect ing a higher rate of retur n than that for traditional investments.9
G) The wealth shareholders get to accrue from their
ownership of shares in a firm, which can be
in creased by rais ing either share prices or divide nd payme nts.3
H) A finan cial stateme nt that summarizes a compa
ny's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. 7
I) Total assets minus total liabilities, an important determinant of the value of a compa nyprimarily composed of all the money that has bee n inv ested and the retained earnings for the duration of its operation.4
L) A bus in ess leader who is especially successful and powerful and whose means of amass ing a
pers onal fortune con tributes substa ntially to the country in some way 8。