初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材
About American1.What is the full name of America?The United States of America2 How many states are there in the United States?Fifty states3 What is the capital of the USAWashington D.C.4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?In New York5 Where does the American president live ?In the white houseAbout Britain1 What does UK stand for ?The United Kingdom2 What us the full name of the UK?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK?England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.4In which continent is the UK situated?In Europe.5 By which channel is the UK separatedThe English ChannelAbout China1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?562.In which continent is China locatedIn Asia3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass4. What is the largest island in China?Taiwan Island5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?On October 1st,19496. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?Five7 .Name three neighboring countries of China(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Cambodia, Laos, etc) three well -known scenic spots in Beijing(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) The Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace, Tian’anmen Square, etc.9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn FestivalThey celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.Moon cakes.11.What is the most important traditional festival in China?The spring Festival12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?Family members get together and have a big dinner.13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?Rice dumplings14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”?The panda.。
英美文化常识
1.What are the two major parties in Britain?------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.2.What is the official full name of Britain?-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Who is the head of government in Ireland? -----It is the Prime Minister.4.Who is James Joyce?-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.5.Who were the first Americans?------They were the Indians.6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.7.What is bilingualism?-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.8.What are the geographical feature ofAustralia as a continent?------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.11.What is the Renaissance?------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?------Because it provides electricity for muchof the Republic.14.How many states are there in the United States?------There are 50 states in the United States.15.What is Hispanic?------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.16.What is the Bill of Rights?-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.17.What is the Canada Council?-----It is the Cana dian Government’s funding agency.18.What is Aborigines?-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.21.What was Queen Mary known as?------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possession on the continent------French port of calais.22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.23.What is the House of Lords made up of?------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.24.What are the two major parties in Ireland? ------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael. 25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.26.Which country is the world’s biggestproducer and user of tobacco?------It is the U.S.A..27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?-------He was Benjamin Franklin.28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?------He was Sir John Macdonald.29.What was the convict system?------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places.30.How is New Zealand electricity produced? ------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?-----It is the Church of England.32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.33.Where were oil and natural gas found inBritain?------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”.35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?-----It began after the America War of Independence.36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?-----The White House is his official residence.37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.38.What is “urban sprawl’’?------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.39.What is the way of changing theconstitution in Australia?------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands. 42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?-----It began with the textile industry.44.What is the capital of Ireland?------It is Dublin.45.Which state is the largest in the United States?------Alaska is the largest one.46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.47.What is affirmative action?------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment.48.What was established in 1670 in Canada? ------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?------It is in the Southern hemisphere.50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?------It is Wellington.51.Who were the Vikings?-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.52.Which system was completely established under William in English?-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?-----They are the Country Courts.54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic? ------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?-----It is the passage of laws.57.What is Mark Twain’s mast er work?-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. 58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?-----It is Toronto.59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain?------It is the Glorious Revolution.62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.63.What is a constitutional monarchy?------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule.64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?-----It is English.65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?------They are New York,LosAngeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?------He was Thomas Jefferson..67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?-----It is the United States.68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?-----It is agriculture.70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?------About 10% are Maori or part Maori. 71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east aremostly lowlands.72.What is Heptarchy?-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland? ------It is Celtic.75.What does tariff protection mean?-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.76.What is the full name of the U.S.?-----It is the United States of America.77.What is the general view of Americans on education?-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.78.What does Governor-General represent?----It represents the Queen.79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?------They are Whigs.82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh andIrish are Celts.84.What is the Republican Army?------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one government.85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.87.What is the “ Lost Generation”?------It refers 60s young intellectuals who becames disappointed and bitter after World War II.88.What are most industries in Canada?------It is manufacturing.89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?-----He was Edmund Barton.90.What are two main islands in NewZealand?------They are North Island and South Island.91.Who were the Lollards?----They were poor priests and travelling preachers who were Jo hn Wyclif’s followers in the 14th century.92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?----It has been called agribusiness.93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?------The head of state is the president.95.Who were the Puritans?----The Puritans were the members of a Protestand group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England.96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.97.What is adult education also called now?-------It is also called”continuing education” programs or “lifelong education” programs. 98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’ Wa r between the British and the French?------After the Seven Years’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America.99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia? ------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has no power to deal with money bills. cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go to school to study.西方人眼中的数字生活中的数字(number)无处不在，但有写数字带有固定的象征意义。
英美文化英语考试知识点
英美文化英语考试知识点1英国地理1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士3. UK consists of 4 parts England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.英国由4部分组成英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰4. The most densely populated area: England.人口最密集的地区:英国The least populated area: Northern Ireland.人口最少的面积:北爱尔兰5.Britain is now a Multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.英国现在是一个多种族社会生产人口的1在20个非欧洲的种族6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis最高的山在英国是本尼维斯山.7. London is the political, commercial, cultural center of UK. Scenic spots in London are The London Eye, Big Ben, Tower Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Trafalgar Square, ST Paul’s.伦敦是政治、商业、文化中心的英国。
英美文化知识 节日、礼仪、生活
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。
圣诞起源
据基督教徒的圣书《圣经》说，上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投生人间，找个母亲，然后就在人间生活，以便人们能更好地了解上帝、学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱。“圣诞节”的意思是“庆祝基督”，庆祝一个年轻的犹太妇女玛丽娅生下耶稣的时刻。
玛丽娅已和木匠约瑟夫订婚。可是，在他们同居之前，约瑟夫发现玛丽娅已怀孕。因为约瑟夫是个正派的人，又不想把这件事说出去让她丢脸，所以他想悄悄地和她分手。他正在考虑这事时，上帝的天使出现在他的梦中，对他说，“不要嘀咕了，把玛丽娅娶回家。她怀的孩子来自圣灵。她将生下个男孩子，你们给孩子起名叫耶稣，因为他将从罪恶中拯救人们。”
还有一种玉米游戏也很古老。据说这是为了纪念当年在粮食匮乏的情况下发给每个移民五个玉米而流传Байду номын сангаас来的。游戏时。人们把五个玉米藏在屋里，由大家分头去找，找到玉米的五个人参加比赛，其他人在一旁观看。比赛开始，五个人就迅速把玉米粒剥在一个碗里，谁先剥完谁得奖，然后由没有参加比赛的人围在碗旁边猜里面有多少玉米粒，猜得数量最接近的奖给一大意爆玉米花。
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化是指英国和美国的文化，这两个国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统。
初中阶段是学生接触英美文化的重要时期，下面将从英美文化的饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面进行总结。
一、饮食文化 1. 英式早餐：英国人的早餐通常包括煎蛋、培根、烤面包和烤番茄等食物。
这种丰盛的早餐给人们提供了充足的能量。
2. 快餐文化：美国是快餐
的发源地，汉堡包、炸鸡、薯条等快餐食品在美国非常流行。
3. 下午茶：英国人
喜欢在下午享用茶和点心，这是英国人独特的传统习惯。
二、节日文化 1. 圣诞节：在英美文化中，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一。
人们会互相赠送礼物，家庭成员会聚在一起享用丰盛的晚餐。
2. 感恩节：感恩节是美国
人的传统节日，人们会感谢收获和亲友的关爱，并举行盛大的家庭聚会。
三、体育文化 1. 足球：英国人对足球情有独钟，足球比赛是英国人生活中的重要组成部分。
2. 棒球：棒球是美国最受欢迎的运动之一，每年的世界棒球经典赛
吸引了全球的关注。
四、艺术文化 1. 莎士比亚：莎士比亚是英国最伟大的剧作家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
2. 奥斯卡奖：奥斯卡奖是美国电影界最重要的奖项，每年颁发给优秀的电影和电影人。
总结起来，英美文化在饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面有着丰富多样的内容。
初中阶段的学生可以通过学习英美文化，了解不同国家的传统和习俗，拓宽自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。
初中英语英美文化英美历史、地理及政治素材
英美历史、地理及政治1.英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.英国本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
3英国由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地，总人口超过6400万，4英国以英格兰人为主体民族。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
5英国作为英联邦元首国、欧洲联盟成员国、北大西洋公约组织创始会员国、G8成员国，英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
6英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家，它的政府体系（即所谓西敏制）直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制。
7英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主。
英国是世界上最早出现资产阶级政党，并最先确立和实行两党制的国家。
目前英国属于议会内阁制下的两党制。
8英国在1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体，英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，首先完成工业革命，国力壮大。
9 英国在18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球，是当时世界上最强大的国家。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。
10英国到20世纪下半叶英帝国解体，超级大国领导地位被美国和苏联取代。
不过，目前英国仍是一个在世界范围内有相当影响力的大国。
11英国工业革命始于18世纪60年代，以棉纺织业的技术革新为始，以瓦特蒸汽机的发明和广泛使用为枢纽，以19世纪30、40年代机器制造业机械化的实现为基本完成的标志。
12英国女王玛丽。
英王亨利八世之女。
1553年即,位后，恢复天主教，因残酷迫害宗教改革家，烧死新教徒达300多人，而获此称谓“血腥玛丽”。
13英国人信仰的宗教主要是基督教。
英美文化知识-节日礼仪生活
英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动:棒球、橄榄球等；英国:4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动英语国家中重要的节假日:圣诞节---12月25日，情人节----2月14日；感恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始，持续四天感恩节每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节(Thanksgiving Day) 。
感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。
1620年，著名的“五月花”船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。
1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。
这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。
在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。
第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。
第一个感恩节非常成功。
其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。
直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。
习俗每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。
孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。
散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡。
同时，好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的入共度佳节。
2020秋七年级英语上册 英美文化 英美历史、地理及政治素材 (新版)人教新目标版
英美历史、地理及政治1.英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.英国本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
3英国由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地，总人口超过6400万，4英国以英格兰人为主体民族。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
5英国作为英联邦元首国、欧洲联盟成员国、北大西洋公约组织创始会员国、G8成员国，英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
6英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家，它的政府体系（即所谓西敏制）直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制。
7英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主。
英国是世界上最早出现资产阶级政党，并最先确立和实行两党制的国家。
目前英国属于议会内阁制下的两党制。
8英国在1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体，英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，首先完成工业革命，国力壮大。
9 英国在18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球，是当时世界上最强大的国家。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。
10英国到20世纪下半叶英帝国解体，超级大国领导地位被美国和苏联取代。
不过，目前英国仍是一个在世界范围内有相当影响力的大国。
11英国工业革命始于18世纪60年代，以棉纺织业的技术革新为始，以瓦特蒸汽机的发明和广泛使用为枢纽，以19世纪30、40年代机器制造业机械化的实现为基本完成的标志。
12英国女王玛丽。
英王亨利八世之女。
1553年即,位后，恢复天主教，因残酷迫害宗教改革家，烧死新教徒达300多人，而获此称谓“血腥玛丽”。
13英国人信仰的宗教主要是基督教。
英美文化常识
43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?
-----It began with the textile industry.
35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?
-----It began after the America War of Independence.
36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?
38.What is “urban sprawl’’?
------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.
39.What is the way of changing the constitution in Australia?
20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?
------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.
21.What was Queen Mary known as?
------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possession on the continent------French port of calais.
2019秋七年级英语上册英美文化英美文化阅读素材(新版)人教新目标版
英美文化阅读1.海外文化:圣诞节袜子的传说It is said that there was a goodness man who went broke his domain . He lived a hard life and he had three daughters. The three daughters were being married but he didn't have money to buy dower for his daughters. On the happy Christmas Eve three girls went to bed early. They didn't know that their father was so worried. At last the Chrismas father decided to help them. He besprinkled gold through the stack and the gold fell into the socks of the man's daughters. They lived a happy life from then on... Christmas socks was origined by this.传说有个心地善良的没落贵族，生活非常艰难。
三个女儿快要出嫁了，他为自己没有钱给她们置办嫁妆而难过。
喜庆的圣诞夜，三个姑娘早早地蜷在炕上睡觉了，剩下父亲在长吁短叹。
圣诞老人决定帮助他们。
他在他们家的烟囱里撒下了许多金子，落进姑娘们烤在火炉旁的长筒丝袜里。
从此，他们过上了幸福而快乐的生活。
圣诞节的长筒袜就这样产生的。
2.圣诞老人的传说Chrismas Father was the descendant of a deity called Odin. It's also said that Chrismas Father comes from San Nichola, so he is also called St.Nicholas. He was the bishop of Asia Minor city of Rafah and he was called a man of God after his death. He is an old man in red clothes and he wears a red hat. He has white mustache. He comes from the north on a blowmobile every Chrismas Day. He went into people's houses by the track and he put the presents into children's socks. So in western countries,parents put the gifts to their kids in kids' socks and put them on the head of the bed on Chrismas Eve. On the second day, the first thing after kids wake up is to find the presents from Chrismas Fathers.圣诞老人为奥丁神后裔。
英美文化知识点整理
Chapter 11.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / threeperiodsChapter 24.Westminster Abbey5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism6.Henry II—jury system7.Magna Carta8.the Hundred Years’ War9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII11.two camps of the Civil War12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects14.the British Empire —colonization15.Three Majestic CirclesChapter 316.the British Constitution: three parts17.a division of powers among three branches18.Parliament —the law-making body; two housesThe House of Commons —center of parliamentary power19.the role of the Prime Minister20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court21.Scotland —a distinct legal system22.right/left wing party23.a general election —every 5 years24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign statesChapter 425.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary27.the major trends in the British economy28.two pillar industries of the current British economyChapter 529.British compulsory education —5 to 1630.four stagessecondary education —comprehensive schoolfurther education —sixth form31.two systemsindependent system —public schools32.GCSE, A-levels33.Oxford University —oldestCambridge University —more Nobel Prize winners34.“Big Three” of the quality press35.Boxing Day / Easter / Trooping the Color / Bonfire NightChapter 636.the Renaissance —sonnet / dramaWilliam Shakespeare, Hamlet37.the Neo-Classical Period:Jonathan Swift —satire, Gulliver’s TravelsDaniel Defoe —progenitor of the novel in English, Robinson Crusoe38.the Romantic Periodthe Lake Poets / second generation39.the Victoria Period —novelRealism: Charles Dickens / Thomas HardyNew literary trends —Neo-Romanticism / Aestheticism40.the Modern Period:stream of consciousnessChapter 841.Stars and Stripes42.50 states (48+2) and Washington D.C.the smallest and the largest43.the Appalachian Range / Rocky mountains44.Great Lakes / Niagara Falls45.the Mississippi River46.New England47.New York (the largest city), Los Angeles (second largest), San Francisco (largestChinatown)48.population —while /blacks / asians / natives / mixed race49.a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl”50.dominant American culture / cultural diversityChapter 951.1607, James Town52.American War of Independencefirst shots / turning point / a decisive victory53.1755, Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress54.July 4th, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Day (the national day)55.American Civil WarAbraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation—abolishing slavery56.America’s policy at the first stage of WWI —neutralityAmerica’s policy at the first stage of WWII —“sit on the fence”The direct cause for America’s entrance into WWII —Pearl Harbor Attack57.Franklin D. Roosevelt —“New Deal” aimed at Great Depression58.“Truman Doctrine”—the Cold War (containment and intervention)59.the Vietnam War —Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson60.Richard M. Nixontwo diplomatic breakthroughs; the Watergate ScandalChapter 1061.the Constitution of the U. S.1787; checks and balances; the first ten amendments—Bill of Rights; 27 amendments62.federalism / the separation of powers63.Congress —the legislative branch —to pass lawsthe Senate amd the House of Representatives64.to introduce a bill —to hold hearings —to report to the Congress —to go tothe President for approval65.the President’s powers —limited66.the qualification of a candicate for President67.the Supreme Court —one Chief Justice+ eight Associate Justices68.a two-party system —a donkey and an elephant69.a general election, not a direct election / every 4 years538 electors (270 needed to win) / Electoral College System / “winner-take-all”(two exceptions)Chapter 1170.progress of the modern American economy: colonial—farming—industrial71.Wall Street —financial services industryDetroit —automobile industrySilicon Valley —high-tech industryChapter 1272.ideals of American Education73.three stages of American educational system12-year compulsory education —elementary and secondary74.Ivy League —8 top private universities with long historyHarvard University —the oldest75.The New York Times(the most influential); The Washington Post(the secondlargest & the first to expose the Watergate scandal)76.Thanksgiving ( the origin; celebration: significance)Chapter1377.the Romantic PeriodJames Fennimore Cooper —the author of the “Leather Stocking Tales”Ralph Waldo Emerson —the chief spokesman of TranscendentalismNathaniel Hawthorne —The Scarlet LetterEdgar Allan Poe —detective story / science fiction / horror fictionHerman Melville —Moby Dick/The Whaletwo founts of American poetry —Walt whitman (free verse) & Emily Dickinson 78.the Realistic PeriodMark Twain —colloquialism; the true father of American modern literature 79.the Naturalistic PeriodTheodore Dreiser —describing the sordid side of the everyday life of the lower societySister Carrie; An American Tragedy80.the Modern Periodthe Lost Generation & the Beat MovementTory Morrison —the first African-American Nobel Prize Winner。
2019秋七年级英语上册英美文化英美饮食文化素材(新版)人教新目标版
英美饮食文化1.时下所流行的下午茶也是传来自于英国，其较知名的有维多莉亚式，内容可说是包罗万象，包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞及三明治等。
2.英国的酒馆无所不在，有好几万家大大小小各具风味的酒馆，其中不乏数百年历史的. 英国人不怎么热衷口味花哨的鸡尾酒英国的酒馆也有不近人情的地方，就是严格执行打烊时间，通常是晚上十点半，下午也得中断，打烊到五六点钟才开门。
3.头盘也称开胃品，一般有冷盘和热头盘之分，常见的品种有鱼子酱、鹅肝酱、熏鲑鱼、鸡尾杯、奶油鸡酥盒、焗蜗牛。
4.英国人平时谈吐语言中，“请”与“谢谢”非常普遍，即使家庭中也是如此。
父母子女同桌吃饭时，父亲叫儿子把桌子上那瓶盐、酱油或其他东西拿过来，也得说声：“请把盐拿给我。
”当儿子把父亲所要的东西拿过来后，作父亲的一定要说声：“谢谢”。
5.在英国，一般富裕人家往往每日三餐，即早餐、午餐、茶点和晚餐。
英式早熟知是因为里面多是煎炸的食物：香肠，腌肉，蘑菇，番茄。
除此之外，还有土司，英式烤饼，茄汁焗豆等食物。
6.英式下午茶一般一两点左右开始, 通常是搭配成套，包括一壶茶及一份点心。
点心有三明治、奶油松饼或是小蛋糕。
7.鱼和薯条在英国是一个受欢迎的外卖食品，起源于1858年或1863年。
它由炸制的传统的鳕鱼或比目鱼裹着面糊面包屑，并配上炸土豆条。
8.传统的正餐通常有四道菜：第一道是汤，第二道是鱼，第三道是肉，第四道是甜点、布丁拼盘，和冰淇林，现在正餐基本上由头盘、主食和甜品组成。
9.美国人吃不同的肉类，但他们最喜欢的是牛肉。
当然，鸡肉和海鱼也是他们的美食。
如果你问美国人他们喜欢几分熟的牛排的话，答案可能会相当不同。
10.在美国很多人喜欢喝不加奶油或糖的黑咖啡。
据统计，美国人每天喝五百万杯咖啡。
当然，美国也欢迎其他饮料，如牛奶，奶昔，果汁，茶等。
11.美国人关心很多做事的速度。
大多数人吃早餐和午餐非常的快，除非它是一个社会企业或家庭聚会的场合。
但是晚饭，通常是一个时间较长的家庭聚会。
初中英语英美文化世界各地的人早餐吃什么素材
世界各地的人早餐一般吃什么？Eating: In Your Country, What Are The foods Usually Eaten For breakfast?在你的国家，人们早餐一般吃什么?Froylan Emilfer Sifuentes Correa, 148个好评：In Mexico, like in any other big country what you eat on a daily basis depends on where you live.在墨西哥，像在任何其他大国家一样，你每天吃什么取决于你住的地方。
Zacahuil is extremely popular on Sundays. Zacahuil, like most other southern Mexican food is made mostly of corn.Zacahuil在星期日非常受欢迎。
Zacahuil，像大多数其他墨西哥南部食物一样，主要是用玉米做的。
1. The corn undergoes Nixtamalization like it usually does in a lot of our food items. It is then soakedwith lots of spices.1.先要把玉米碱化，就像通常在我们的很多其他食品中一样(包括玉米饼)。
然后，把它浸泡在大量的香料里。
2. You tied this mix like a giant tamal with the banana leaves and the banana stems as string.2.你把这个混合物用香蕉叶捆绑成一个巨大的粽子，用香蕉茎做捆绑的绳子。
3. For a big tamal to cook thoroughly, you need a big oven.3.要让一个大粽子彻底煮熟，你需要一个大烤箱。
初中英语 英美文化 英国女王如何度过一天素材
英国女王的一天是如何度过的？She has broken the record for the longest-reigning British monarch in history, and for Queen Elizabeth, it’s all about consistency.伊丽莎白女王已经打破纪录，成为英国有史以来在位时间最长的君主，对她而言最重要的就是始终如一。
The woman who came to the throne as a mother of two at age 25 in 1952 keeps her life just so in a routine that has remained amazingly unchanged through the 65 years that she has served as monarch.这位女性于1952年登基，当时25岁的她已经是两个孩子的妈妈。
在担任君主的这65年的岁月中，她一直过着极其有规律的生活，这种生活规律一直保持不变，令人惊叹。
Waking at 7:30 a.m., she listens to her vintage Roberts radio tuned to BBC Radio 4’s Today program. "She loves to hear British politicians being questioned by the presenters ," Brian Hoey, author of At Home With The Queen says.早上7:30醒来之后，她会用自己那台已经调到BBC广播四台的古色古香的罗伯茨收音机收听《今日》节目。
“她爱听英国政客被节目主持人质问。
”《我在女王家》一书的作者布赖恩.霍伊说。
A male servant carries a tray of Twinings’ English breakfast tea in a bone china cup and saucer, served with milk (no sugar) and some Marie cookies, which a maid brings into her room.随后，一位男仆会端着托盘送来一套骨瓷杯碟装着的川宁英式早餐茶，配上由一位女仆送入女王房间的牛奶(不加糖)和一些玛丽饼干。
英美文化阅读理解专项：素材积累
24. Friday and the Thirteenth 星期五和13Friday-the Thirteenth has long been considered extremely unlucky because it has some bad associationswhich came from mythology tale of the Bible, and the customs andhabits. According to the Bible, the Lord God created the first man,Adam. Then he took a rib from Adam's body and out of it created thefirst woman, Eve. It was said that Adam was created on a Friday and itwas on Friday that Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit, and on a Friday they died.Friday was also the common day in England for executing criminals , for which it was sometimes known as Hanging Day.From the old Norse myth people got the idea that 13 people sitting at a tableto have a dinner was unlucky. And this superstition was confirmed by the lastsupper of Christ and his disciples. Bible tells us that Christ sat down with his 12disciples, which made up the number 13, at the last supper when Judas, one ofthe 12 disciples , sold his master for thirty pieces of silver. Christ was killed by nailing on the cross the following day on a Friday. (193 words)◆Helper:association联系mythology[mi'θɔlədʒi]神话Bible['baibl]圣经Adam ['ædəm]亚当rib肋骨Eve [i:v]夏娃forbidden fruit禁果execute ['eksikju:t]处死Hanging Day绞刑日Norse myth[miθ]挪威神话superstition [sju:pə'stiʃən] 迷信disciple [di'saipl]门徒◆ Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
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About American
1.What is the full name of America?
The United States of America
2 How many states are there in the United States?
Fifty states
3 What is the capital of the USA
Washington D.C.
4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?
In New York
5 Where does the American president live ?
In the white house
About Britain
1 What does UK stand for ?
The United Kingdom
2 What us the full name of the UK?
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK?
England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
4In which continent is the UK situated?
In Europe.
5 By which channel is the UK separated
The English Channel
About China
1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?
56
2.In which continent is China located
In Asia
3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass
4. What is the largest island in China?
Taiwan Island
5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
On October 1st,1949
6. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?
Five
7 .Name three neighboring countries of China
(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Cambodia, Laos, etc)
three well -known scenic spots in Beijing
(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) The Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace, Tian’anmen Square, etc.
9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival
They celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan
10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Moon cakes.
11.What is the most important traditional festival in China?
The spring Festival
12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?
Family members get together and have a big dinner.
13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?
Rice dumplings
14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”?
The panda.。