高中英语人教新课标选修六 Unit 4 Global warming学案

Unit 4 Global warming
一、核心单词
1. subscribe vi.同意;捐赠;订阅vt.(签署文件;捐助
常用结构:
subscribe to ... 同意,赞许;(在文件等下面签名,署名
subscribe sth. to ... 捐助
subscribe to/for ... 订阅;订购(书籍等
He did not subscribe to my proposal. 他不赞同我的建议。

He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund. 他向救济基金捐赠巨资。

2. tend
vt. & vi.(常与to连用有某种倾向;有……的趋势;走向;趋向;朝向;照管,照料;看护People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。

Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。

The woman stayed at home to tend her child. 那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。

3. oppose vt.反对;反抗;对抗;(与to连用使反对,使相对
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city. 许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。

My mother is opposed to the new plan.我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。

4. consequence n.[C]结果;后果;影响
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.我完全愿意承担后果。

You should know the consequence of not studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。

常用结构:
as a consequence (of ... =in consequence (of ...
=as a result (of ... 结果;因此;由于……的原因
consequent adj.(+on/upon因……而起的;随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果;因此;必然地
5. average adj. 平均的;普通的n.平均;平均数
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。

It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。

常用结构:
on average 平均地;通常above/below average高于/低于平均数/水平an average of ... ……的平均数
6. blame v. 埋怨,责备
常用结构:
be to blame 应受谴责,应负责任blame something on sb. 把……归咎于
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因……而责备某人
二、重点短语
7. come about 发生;产生
How did this dangerous state of affairs come about?
这种危险的事态是怎么发生的?
联想拓展
come across 偶然发现;被理解;提供come into being 发生;产生;出现;形成come into power 开始执政;当权;当选come on 上场;开始;赶快;加油come out 出来,发芽;出版;说出;洗掉come up with 找到(答案;拿出(一笔钱等
8. quantities of
意思是“大量的”,既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。

Quantities of apples were on the table.桌子上有很多苹果。

Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。

联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的 in small quantities 少量的
易混辨析
a quantity of/quantities of
a quantity of 与quantities of,都可译为“大量的”,都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词,但用法有区别。

a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定,跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数,跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。

而quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词一律用复数。

A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer.
9. result in 导致;结果是(相当于lead to
Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。

His carelessness resulted in the accident. 他的粗心导致事故的发生。

联想拓展
result from 起因于;由……造成as a result 结果;因此
as a result of 作为……的结果;因为……
10. put up with 忍受;容忍
I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。

She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙了。

联想拓展
put away 放好;收好;储存put aside 忽视;不理睬
put across 交流,沟通put down 记下;放下;镇压;平定
put forward 提出;建议;将……提前
put out 熄灭;扑灭;出版;公布;生产
put off 推迟;延期put on 穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重
put up 提出;举起;升起;提(价;投宿;建造
三、重点句型
1. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。

定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whom的前面。

The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
这位老人有三个女儿,其中的两个是老师。

Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.
不久他们来到了一所农舍,农舍前坐着一个小男孩。

2. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. There is no doubt that….
There is some doubt whether….
辨析:主句为肯定句时,doubt后使用连词whether。

主句为否定句时,doubt后则使用连词that。

[考点1] There is no doubt that ...是固定句型,意为“毫无疑问……”,that引导的是同位语从
句,用来进一步补充说明doubt的具体内容。

[考例] Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found. (广东2005
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
[点拨] 根据固定搭配there is no doubt that ...可知选B。

[考点2] it is ... that ...在此句中构成强调句型,强调的是主语human activity。

强调句型除谓语不能强调外,可强调主语、宾语或状语。

[考例1] It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. (重庆2007 A. which B. it C. that D. this
[点拨] 根据强调句型的判断方法:将it is和that去掉后,此句成为Not who is right but what is right is of importance,是一个完整的句子,故此题是一个强调句型。

3. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
[翻译] 是一位名叫查尔斯·奎林的科学家把1957至1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。

[点拨] 该句是一个it was ... who强调句。

a scientist called Charles Keeling是被强调部分,其中called Charles Keeling为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a scientist。

4. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. [翻
译] 在另一方面, 还有一些人,对这一观点持反对态度,像科学家乔治·汉布利,他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。

[点拨] 该句是一个主从复合句。

主句为there are those,like scientist George Hambley作句子的插入语,who引导的定语从句修饰those,且在该定语从句中其谓语动词believe又带有that引导的宾语从句。

句子的主要部分可以表示为: ... there are those who believe that ...
5.Without the green house effect, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 如果没有温室效应,地球会比现在冷33℃。

▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句
应该注意有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。

常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。

例如:
Without your help ( = If we had not had your help, we could not have succeeded.
要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。

6. 强调句型:
用在强调句型中, 为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语或状语, 常用结构: It is / was +被强调部分+that (who ….
I met Tom in the street yesterday.
①It was I who (that met Tom in the street yesterday. 主语
②It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday. 宾语
③It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday. 宾语
④It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.时间状语
四、练习
1. It was in this village ___ I was brought up.
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. which
2. Can it be in the drawer ___ you put your passport?
A. where
B. in which
C. there
D. that
3. It was July 1, 1997 ___ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. in which
4. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while
B. which
C. that
D. since
5. ___ is the fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
6. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
7. It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so
8. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
9. The Parkers bought a few house but __ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
10. ____ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
A. It has
B. There has
C. It is
D. There is
11. Was it in 1969 __ the American astronaut succeeded ___ landing on the moon.
A. when; on
B. that; on
C. when; in
D. that; in
12. Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself
13. ____ was in 1979 ___ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that
B. It; that
C. That; when
D. It; when
14. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
15. Is ___ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
16. Does ___ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
17. ___ is no good ___ without doing anything.
A. This... talking
B. It... to speak
C. That... to say
D. It... talking
18. Was ___ in 1998 ___ your teacher graduated from university?
A. that.., that
B. it... which
C. it... that
D. it... when
19. I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this
B. it
C. that
D. its
20. Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?
A. this
B. then
C. that
D. while
21. It ___ for this reason ___ her uncle moved out of New York.
A. is ... which
B. was ... why
C. was ... that
D. were ... how
22. It was ___ he said at the meeting __ disappointed me.
A. what.., that
B. that.., that
C. what.., what
D. that.., what
23. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. this
24. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. when
25. It is two years __ I joined the army.
A. before
B. since
C. that
D. after。