第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题(练)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(解析版)

第17讲词义猜测题

（模拟精练+真题演练）

根据文章选择正确的选项

1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. Besides volunteering to deliver groceries for free, New Yorkers also reached out to translate the Invisible Hands flyers into over a dozen languages, enabling the organisation to reach out to more members of the community.

What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Cause great damage.B．Reduce the impact.

C．Fill a huge gap.D．Recover slowly.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. (2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约take its toll，Invisible Hands Deliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“take its toll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。

2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.

What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappoint.D．Outpace.

【答案】D

【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。

3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The National Merit Scholarship is one awarded to those who do well on the Preliminary SAT or the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation

will grant around 7,600 students the scholarship after an intense filtering of about 1.6 million entries.

What does the underlined word “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Selecting.B．Cooperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The National Merit Scholarship Corporation will grant around 7,600 students the scholarship after an intense”以及后文“of about 1.6 million entries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。故画线词意思是“选择”。故选A。

4.（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）

It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. “Babies don’t explore the world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select.” says Dr Francesco Poli.

That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not?【答案】C

【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段“Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select, says Dr Francesco Poli. (如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。Francesco Poli博士说)”以及文章第三段“That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。

5.（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）

Just 17 months earlier, this trip had seemed impossible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnosed with type I diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt so low, thinking, ‘What am I going to do now in life, stuck with this?’”

The news put in jeopardy all Mavani’s hopes of travelling. She retired the year before and her son eventually flew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thought, ‘Hooray, I can enjoy life.’” But her diagnosis made Mavani scared to leave the house. Her elder sister came to help, but Mavani “couldn’t walk to the local park” without feeling unwell. Very slowly, Mavani built herself up from walking around the block to taking gentle gym classes. It was there that she met Hazel, who invited her to a talk about climbing Kilimanjaro.

What does the underlined part “put in jeopardy” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Announced.D．Threatened.

【答案】D

【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段的“In May 2017, Mavani was diagnosed with type I diabetes.（2017年5月，