Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow知识详解英语八年级上册(人教版)

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
你想看游戏类节目吗?
单元知识详解
Section A
I don't mind them.我不介意它们. (教材P33图片文字) mind/maind/v.介意;对(某事)烦恼
讲［动词］常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,后接名词、代词或动词ing形式.
»I don't mind the coldit's the rain that I don't like.冷我不介意,我讨厌的是下雨.
»I don't mind opening the windows.我不介意打开窗户.
»I am sorry that I broke your cup.对不起,我把你的杯子打破了.
Never mind. Let's just clean it up.没关系.咱们把它清理一下就可以了.
拓含mind的常用问句及其答语:
»Would you mind my sitting here?你介意我坐在这里吗?
»Of course not. Go ahead.当然不介意.坐吧.
典例1 (2022·黄石中考)Would you mind handing me a pair of chopsticks?
________ .Here you are.
A. My pleasure
B. Yes, I'd love to
C. That's all right
D. Of course not
解析:句意:“你介意递给我一双筷子吗?”＂当然不介意,给你.＂My pleasure"不客气,很乐意效劳＂;Yes ,I'd love to"好的,我很乐意＂;That's all right"没关系＂;Of course not"当然不＂.根据问句句意和空后的＂Here you are"可知,此处表示＂不介意＂.故选D.
news 新闻(教材P33 1a) news/nju:z/,/nu;z/n.新闻节目;新闻
讲不可数名词
a piece of news一条新闻
watch the news观看新闻节目
拓［不可数名词］消息
谚No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息.
»Good news! The Shenzhou X/ manned spacecraft has been sent into space successfully.好消息！神舟十四号载人飞船已被成功送入太空.
特别提醒
newspaper[可数名词］报纸
a daily newspaper 日报
a morning/an evening newspaper 早／晚报
语境串记
Have you read the news in the newspaper?你在报纸上读过这则新闻吗?
can't stand 不能忍受(教材P33 1c) stand/stænd/v.忍受;站立
讲(1)[动词］忍受常与can/can't/could/couldn't连用.常用结构有:
can't stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人／某事
can't stand(sb.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人)做某事
»If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.你如果应付不了就别干了.
»I can't stand sitting there and doing nothing.我受不了坐在那里无所事事.
(2)[动词］站立
»She was too weak to stand.她虚弱得站都站不住.
拓［动词］位于(某处)
»An old apple tree once stood here.这儿曾经长了一棵老苹果树.
Sally thinks game shows are more educational than sits,萨莉认为游戏类节目比情景喜剧更有教育意义. (教
材P34 2b) educational/ed3u'keifənl/adj.教育的;有教育意义的
讲由＂education(n.教育)＋al(后缀,意为“与······有关的”)＂构成.其比较级和最高级形式分别为more educational 和most educational.
educational的发音以元音音素开头,其前加不定冠词时要用an.
»It is the most educational experience I have ever had.这是我有过的最有教育意义的经历.
»Cuore is an educational book.《爱的教育》是一本有教育意义的书.
拓与educational相关的词:
educate v.教育;教导
educator n.教育工作者;教师
educational adj.教育的; 有教育意义的
education n.教育
语境串记
My mother is an educator. She always lets us read some educational books and educates us to pay more attention to education.我妈妈是一位教育工作者.她总是让我们看一些有教育意义的书,教导我们多关注教育.
She plans to watch Days of Our Past tonight.今晚她打算看《我们过去的日子》. (教材P34 2b) plan/plæn/v.&n.打算;计划
讲(1)[动词］(此处用法) plan to do sth.计划／打算做某事
»The government plans to create more jobs for young people in western China.政府计划为中国西部的年轻人创造更多的就业机会.
(2)[可数名词］
make a plan 制订计划
谚The plan for a year lies in spring.一年之计在于春.
»Make a plan and stick to it.制订计划并坚持下去.
Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world.因为我希望了解世界上正在发生的事情.
(教材P34 2c) hope/həʊp/v.&n.希望
讲(1)[动词］(此处用法)
辨hope与wish
两者都可作动词,表示＂希望＂,具体用法区别如下:
(2)[名词］
谚Where there's life, there's hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧.
»She has high hopes of winning.她抱着必胜的信念.
拓＂I hope so"(我希望如此)和＂I hope not"(我希望不会)可用作简略答语.
»Do you think the rain will stop soon?你认为雨很快就会停吗?
I hope so.我希望如此.
find out 查明;弄清
辨look for, find与find out
语境串记
I looked for my pen everywhere, but I couldn't find it. I want to find out who took it away.我到处找我的钢笔,但没找到.我想弄清楚是谁拿走了它.
拓＂动词＋out"型的其他短语;
leave out 不包括set out出发go out 熄灭run out 用光;耗尽
put out 扑灭take out 取出look out当心work out 解决;算出
hand out 分发give out 分发;散发
典例2(滨州中考)Pan Jianwei has bee a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to________ how things worked.
A. set out
B. find out
C. leave out
D. bring out
解析:句意;潘建伟成了一位著名的科学家.当他还是个孩子的时候,他就喜欢探索事物是如何运作的.由语境可知应选B.
We had a discussion about TV shows.我们进行了一次关于电视节目的讨论. (教材P34 2d) discussion/dɪ'skʌʃn/ n.讨论;商量
讲由＂discuss(v.讨论)＋ion(名词后缀)＂构成,其常用结构有:
have a discussion with sb.和某人讨论
have a discussion about sth.就某事展开讨论
under discussion 在讨论中
»Could I have a discussion with my classmates first?我能先和我的同班同学讨论一下吗?
»We had a discussion about the basketball game yesterday.昨天我们就这场篮球比赛展开了讨论.
»The plan is still under discussion.计划还在讨论中.
典例3根据句意及汉语提示填空.
(2022·镇江中考)After a heated________ (讨论),the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement(协议).
解析:句意:经过激烈的讨论,来自不同学校的校长达成了协议.根据空前的a可知,此处应用可数名词单数;表示＂讨论＂应用discussion.故填discussion.
I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜欢跟随故事情节,看看接下来会发生什么事情.
(教材P34 2d) happen/'hæpən/v.发生;出现
讲［不及物动词］常见用法:
sth. happens to sb.某人发生某事
sth. happens+时间状语／地点状语某时／某地发生某事
»What happened to Robert?罗伯特怎么了?
He fell down from the tree and hurt his left leg.他从树上掉了下来,摔伤了左腿.
»An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故.
辨happen 与take place
拓［动词］碰巧,恰好常见用法有:
sb. happens to do sth.某人碰巧做某事
It happens that...碰巧······
»On my way to school, I happened to see an old man lying on the ground and helped him to hospital.上学路上,我碰巧看到一位老人躺在地上,就帮忙把他送到了医院.
»It happened that I was out when he called.他打时我碰巧出去了.
Well, they may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them.嗯,它们或许没那么令人兴奋,但是你可以期望从中学到很多东西. (教材P34 2d) expect/ik'spekt/v.预料;期待
讲常见用法有:
expect sth./sb.等待某事／某人
expect to do sth.预料会／期望做某事
expect sb.to do sth.预料／期待某人做某事
expect+(that)从句预料······
»I was expecting him yesterday.我昨天一直在等他.
»You can't expect to learn a foreign language well in a few months.你不要期望在几个月内就能学好一门外语. »He just expects his children to e and stay with him.他只是期待他的孩子能来和他待在一起.
»There's the doorbellI expect it'll be my mother,有人按门铃,估计是我妈妈.
典例4(青岛中考)Teachers expect all their students________ progress day by day.
A, to make B. make C. to take D. take
解析:expect sb.to do sth.意为＂期待某人做某事”,为固定结构,先排除B、D两项;make progress意为＂取得进步＂,为固定搭配.故选A.
I hope to be a TV reporter one day.我希望有一天能成为一名电视台记者. (教材P342d) one day有朝一日;某一天
辨one day 与some day
»One day last month the temperature was up to 30℃,上个月有一天气温达到了30摄氏度.
»We will all be old one/some day,总有一天我们都会老去.
You can learn some great jokes.你可以学到一些很棒的笑话. (教材P35 Grammar Focus) joke/dʒəʊk/n.笑话;玩笑
讲［可数名词］常用短语:
tell a joke/jokes 讲笑话
play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑
»Jim is a funny boy. He is good at telling jokes.吉姆是个有趣的男孩.他擅长讲笑话.
»We played a joke on John just now.我们刚才和约翰开了个玩笑.
拓［动词］开玩笑
同义词为kid.
»Are you joking/kidding?你在开玩笑吗?
典例5用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.
(2023·上海市宝山区期中)Steven is very humorous(幽默的),He always tells_______ (joke) and makes people laugh.
答案:jokes
Section B
meaningless 毫无意义的(教材P36 1a) meaningless/'m i:nɪŋləs/ adj.毫无意义的;意思不明确的
讲由＂meaning(n.意思)＋less(形容词后缀)＂构成.
»He felt that his work was meaningless.他觉得他的工作毫无意义.
»This article is meaningless to me.对我来说,这篇文章晦涩难懂.
语境串记
I know your meaning. You mean that staying at home all day long is meaningless and that looking for a job is meaningful.我懂你的意思.你的意思是整天待在家里毫无意义,找一份工作才是有意义的.
词缀学习less是常见的形容词后缀,常加在名词后,表示＂无;没有＂.
homeless(无家可归的) hopeless(无望的) careless(粗心的) useless(无用的)
典例1 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.
My father thinks it is_______ (meaning) to watch soap operas, so he never watches them.
解析:句意:我爸爸认为看肥皂剧毫无意义,所以他从来不看.根据＂so he never watches them"和提示词＂meaning"可推断,此处应填meaningless.
But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon.但是在美国文化里一个非常著名的标志是卡通片. (教材P37 2b) famous/'ferməs/adj.著名的;出名的
讲可在句中作定语或表语.
»He went to a famous university after senior high school.高中毕业后,他上了一所著名的大学.(作定语)
»The Great Wall is very famous around the world.长城在全世界都很出名.(作表语)
辨be famous as, be famous for 与be famous to
语境串记
Edison is famous as an inventor in the world, and he is famous for his inventions. He is famous to the people all over the world.爱迪生作为一个发明家而闻名于世,他因他的发明而闻名.他为全世界的人所熟知.
典例2 (2023·石家庄市第二十八中学期中)Why is this restaurant so popular?
Because it is famous________ its nice food.
A. for
B. as
C. to
D. in
解析:句意:＂为什么这家餐馆如此受欢迎?”＂因为它以美味的食物而闻名.＂此处表示这家餐馆受欢迎的原因,应用be famous for.故选A.
Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.80 多年前,他首次出现在卡通片《威利号汽船》中. (教材P37 2b) appear/ə'pɪə/,/ə'pɪr/v.出现
»More than 2,000 years ago, Tianlü, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. 2000多年前,秦代出现了第一部环境保护法《田律》.
拓与appear相关的词:
appear v.出现反义词disappear v.消失
appearance n.出现反义词disappearance n.消失
»His sudden appearance surprised me.他的突然出现使我感到惊讶.
»The plane disappeared behind clouds,飞机消失在云层里.
典例3用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.
(临沂中考)We should protect the endangered (濒危的)wild animals, or they will________ (appear) in the near future.
解析:句意:我们应该保护濒危的野生动物,否则它们将在不久的将来消失.appear意为＂出现＂,此处应填其反义词disappear(消失).
When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18,1928...这部卡通片于1928年11月18日在组约上映·····(教材P37 2b)
e out 出版;发行;发表
»The medical book Tian Hui Yi Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has e out.扁鹊和仓公所著的医书《天回医简》已经出版了.
»When is his new novel ing out? 他的新小说何时出版?
拓e out的其他常见含义:
»When the sun goes down, the stars e out.当太阳落山的时候,星星出现了.
»Every flower will e out.每朵花都会绽放.
»There is no doubt that the truth will e out one day.毫无疑问,总有一天会真相大白.
He became very rich and successful.他(因此)变得非常富有和成功. (教材P37 2b) bee/bɪ'kʌm/v.开始变得;变成
讲［系动词］后常接名词、形容词作表语.
»Wang Yaping bees the first female taikonaut to work in China's space station.王亚平成为第一位在中国空间站工作的女性航天员.
»Thanks to the highspeed trains, our journey time bees much shorter now.多亏了高铁,我们的旅程时间现在变得短多了.
rich/rɪtʃ/adj.富有的
讲［形容词］富有的(此处用法)
the rich 表示＂富人＂,其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.
»She es from a rich family,她来自一个富裕的家庭.
谚A snow year, a rich year.瑞雪兆丰年.
»The rich are not always happy.富人并不总是快乐的.
拓rich作形容词的其他含义:
»She lives a rich and varied life.她过着丰富多彩的生活.
»Canada is rich in water resources.加拿大水资源丰富.
»Vegetables grow well in the rich soil.蔬菜在肥沃的土壤里长得好.
»Eating rich food makes people get fat easily.吃油腻的食物很容易让人长胖.
successful/sək'sesfl/adj.获得成功的;有成就的
讲＂success(n.成功)＋ful(形容词后缀)＂构成.
be successful in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上成功
»To live with a high ideal is a successful life.怀着崇高的理想生活,就是成功的人生.
»They were successful in winning the match.他们成功赢得了那场比赛.
拓与successful 相关的词:
succeed v.成功success n.成功successful adj.获得成功的successfully adv.成功地
succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
»Confidence is the key to success.信心是成功的关键.
»You'll succeed in learning all kinds of interesting things.你会学到各种有趣的东西.
»She has already successfully pleted these courses.她已经成功完成了这些课程.
典例4(盐城中考)You need not only talent but also hard work to bee a_______ football player.
A. young
B. successful
C. happy
D. friendly
解析:句意;要成为一名成功的足球运动员,你不仅需要天赋,还需要努力训练.根据句意可知选B.
In the 1930s,he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.在20世纪30年代,他制作了87部米奇卡通片. (教材P37 2b) in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
讲＂in the+整十年份s/'s"表示＂在····世纪······年代”.当年份为100的整数倍时,表示“在······世纪”.
»in the 1980s/1980's在20世纪80年代
»in the1900s在20世纪
Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular.一些人可能会问这个卡通动物是如何变得如此受欢迎的. (教材P37 2b) might/mait/ modal v.可能;可以
讲本身即可作情态动词,也可作may的过去式.具体用法有:
(1)表示不太肯定的推测,比may语气弱.
»Tom might be in the library, but I'm not sure.汤姆可能在图书馆,但我不确定.
(2)用于有礼貌地提出建议或提出请求,比may语气委婉.
»You might set out early.你可以早点儿出发.
»Might I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
典例5 (2022·怀化中考)Whose English book is this?
It_______ be Lily's, but I'm not sure.
A. might
B. can't
C. must
解析:句意:＂这是谁的英语书?”＂它可能是莉莉的,但我不确定.＂根据题干中的＂but I'm not＂可知,此处表示不太肯定的推测.might＂可能＂,can’t"不可能＂,must"必须＂.故选A.
One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a mon man, but he always tried to face any danger.其中一个主要原因是米奇就像一个普通人,但他总是尽力面对任何危险. (教材P37 2b) main/mein/adj.主要的;最重要的
讲［形容词］无比较等级,只能用在名词前作定语.
»The Monkey King or Sun Wukong is one of the main characters in Journey to the West.美猴王／孙悟空是《西游记》的主角之一.
拓mainly[副词］主要地;大部分地
»There are mainly six kinds of tea in China.中国主要有六种茶.
reason/'ri:zn/n.原因;理由
讲常见搭配有:
the reason why....·····的原因
for some/this reason 出于某种／这个原因
have a/no reason for doing sth.有／没有理由做某事
»Do you know the reason why she was late this morning?你知道今天早上她迟到的原因吗?
»Tell him or her that you can't be there for some reason.告诉他／她由于某种原因你不能去那儿.
»We have no reason for not finishing the homework.我们没有理由不完成家庭作业.
mon/'kpmən/,/'ka:mən/adj.普通的;常见的
讲［形容词］普通的;常见的
»With the development of technology, space travel will be a mon thing.随着技术的发展,太空旅行将成为一件普通的事情.
»Making mistakes in class is mon to all, so be brave to face it.在课堂上犯错对所有人来说都很常见,所以勇敢面对吧.
拓(1)mon[形容词］共有的
»He and I share a mon interest in collecting stamps.我和他在集邮方面兴趣相投.
(2)have sth. in mon(with sb.)(与某人)有·····共同之处
»All the mothers have one thing in mon: Full love in their eyes, bright light in their hearts.所有的母亲都有一个共同点:眼中充满爱,心中充满光.
In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his house or girlfriend, Minnie.在米奇早期的电影里,他是不幸的,他遇到了许多问题,比如失去他的房子或者女朋友米妮. (教材P37 2b) unlucky/ʌn'lʌki/adj.不幸的;不吉利的
讲由＂否定前缀un+lucky(adj.幸运的)＂构成.发音以元音音素开头,其前的不定冠词应用an.
»He was unlucky to lose the match.他很不幸地输掉了比赛.
»In some Western countries, people think 13 is an unlucky number.在一些西方国家,人们认为13是个不吉利的典例6 用所给词的适当形式填空.
(2022,陕西中考A卷改编)At the age of 14, something_______ (lucky) happened to Jia Shuangdeng and turned him into a deaf person.
答案:unlucky
lose/lu:z/v.失去;丢失
常用短语有:
lose touch with sb.和某人失去联系
lose one's way 迷路
lose weight 减肥
lose heart 失去信心
lose one's life 丧生
»My father lost his keys yesterday morning.昨天早上我爸爸把他的钥匙弄丢了.
»He lost his way in the forest.他在森林里迷路了.
拓［动词］输掉
其反义词为win"获胜,赢＂.
»He lost the game so he was sad.他输掉了比赛,所以他很伤心.
However, he was always ready to try his best.然而,他总是准备好尽其所能. (教材P37 2b)
be ready to do sth.准备好做某事;愿意做某事
讲相当于get ready to do sth..
»We're ready to go.我们准备好了,可以走了.
»I will be ready to help you.我很乐意帮助你.
拓be/get ready for sth.为某事做好准备
»Are you ready for your school trip?你为学校旅行做好准备了吗?
try one's best 尽某人最大努力
讲相当于do one's best.
try/do one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
»Your dream will e true if you try your best.如果你尽最大努力,你的梦想就会实现.
»We should try our best to improve handwriting.我们应该尽我们最大努力改善书写.
On November 18,1978,Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the 年11月18日,米奇成为第一个在好莱坞星光大道上拥有一颗星星的卡通角色. (教材P37 2b)
动词不定式(短语)作后置定语
讲动词不定式(短语)修饰名词时,通常放在名词的后面,作后置定语.
»He is the best man to do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选.
»They're looking for a place to live.他们正在寻找一个住处.
She dresses up like a boy and takes her father's place to fight in the army.她打扮成男孩模样,替父从军打仗.
(教材P39 3a) dress up 装扮;乔装打扮
讲dress up like/as+表示角色或职业等的名词装扮成·····
»Kids love dressing up.孩子们喜欢装扮成别人玩儿.
»I think it's fun to dress up like/as a cartoon character.我觉得装扮成卡通人物很好玩.
拓穿上盛装;穿上正装
»You don't need to dress up for dinner.你们不必穿上盛装赴宴
take sb.'s place 代替;替换
»The boss found someone to take Jenny's place(=take the place of Jenny),老板找了个人来代替珍妮.
拓in sb.'s place 处于某人的境况
相当于in sb.'s shoes.
»What would you do if you were in my place(=in my shoes)?你要是处于我的境地会怎么办?
The other actors are also fantastic and they did a good job in the movie.其他演员也非常出色,他们在电影中都表现得很好. (教材P39 3a) do a good job干得好
讲常用来夸奖他人在某方面做得好.
»I believe you can do a good job.我相信你们能做得很好. 拓Good job!/Well done!干得好！
常用于口语中.
»I finished the task on time.我按时完成了任务.
Good job!/Well done!干得好！。