2024新高考英语小题狂练 专题04 动词时态和语态(学生版+解析版)

专题04动词时态和语态狂练60题
1．The effectiveness of this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．One of her cousins was (shoot) dead only a few streets away from where she lived. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．David is one of those students who (praise) by the headmaster yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Jenny, along with two boys in our school, (invite) to London to attend an international meeting the other day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
5．Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Many a student (delay) at the airport, otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
7．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what (steal). (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．I (appoint) to monitor the business in that branch of our factory last week. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
9．To my father’s joy, one of his students (admit) to Beijing University last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest. （所给词的适当形式填空）12．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I (surround) by Shanxi accents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．The Mid-Autumn Festival (celebrate) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.(所给词的适当形式填空)
14．The fact is that a great deal of time (take) up by various activ ities and we’re facing a tight schedule. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．The night sky (spot) with stars. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Smoking (forbid) during office hours. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．In regular classes these children (hold) back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning situations that are designed for the average children.(所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Prices (mark) on the goods. （所给词的适当形式填空）
19．The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
21．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
22．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
23．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.
24．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
25．On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
26．While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
27．Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
28．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
29．Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
30．When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
31．Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
32．Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
33．But at the moment, school (come) first.
34．Recent years (see) environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35．In recent years, they (reflect) people’s wishes and faiths. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．Many new tough problems (arise) since they came to America. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．Many parts of China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days. (用所给词正确形式填空)
38．In the past decades, some number plates (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．The unemployment rate in this district (fall) from 6% to 5% since two years ago. （所给词的适当形式填空）
40．It is the third time that you (be) late this month. （所给词的适当形式填空）
51．Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment (deliver) to the poverty-stricken regions.（所给词的适当形式填空）
53．The stadium (build) at present in our city is (intend) for the coming Asian Games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it (cause) by eating too much. （所给词的适当形式填空）
55．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空）
56．Peer pressure can happen when we （influence）to do something. （所给词的适当形式填空）
57．It (recommend) that women have 2.7 liters daily，which is roughly 91 ounces of water and a little less than 11.5 cups. （用单词适当形式填空）
58．I would appreciate it if I (offer) an opportinutity to display my talent. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空）
60．The government urges that every effort (make) to bring down food prices. (所给词的适当形式填空)
专题04动词时态和语态狂练60题
1．The effectiveness of this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was evaluated
【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。

句意：前几天这些科学家对这种药的有效性进行了评估。

分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，由句中的时间状语the other day可知此处应用一般过去时，此处指“这种药的有效性在几天前被这些科学家评估过了”，The effectiveness 和evaluate之间是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。

故填was evaluated。

2．One of her cousins was (shoot) dead only a few streets away from where she lived. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shot
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。

句意：她的一个表兄弟在离她住的地方几条街远的地方被枪杀了。

空处在句中为谓语，句子主语“One of her cousins”与动词“shoot”为动宾关系，shoot的过去分词为shot，结合空前was，所以空处填过去分词shot，故填shot。

3．David is one of those students who (praise) by the headmaster yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were praised
【详解】考查主谓一致以及被动语态。

句意：大卫是昨天被校长表扬的学生之一。

分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语部分。

根据句意可知，关系代词“who”指代的先行词是“those students”，为复数，在从句中作主语。

根据yesterday可知，从句为一般过去时态，主语和谓语动词之间为动宾关系，所以从句中用一般过去时态的被动语态。

故填were praised。

4．Jenny, along with two boys in our school, (invite) to London to attend an international meeting the other day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was invited
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。

句意：前几天，珍妮和我们学校的两个男孩应邀去伦敦参加一个国际会议。

根据后文the other day可知为一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，并且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据Jenny的人称和数来确定。

故用单数。

故填was invited。

5．Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was painted
【详解】考查时态和语态。

句意：玛丽的侄女写道：“小房子被漆成了白色。

甜甜的，很有新鲜感。

玛丽很喜欢。

她非常漂亮，她的房子反映了她自己，一切都很有品位，井井有条。

”分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。

结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；且句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。

故填was painted。

6．Many a student (delay) at the airport, otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was delayed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。

句意：许多学生在机场耽搁了，否则他们会在午餐时间到达。

分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据“otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime”可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，delay和主语Many a student之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Many a student，谓语动词需用单数形式，be动词需用was。

故填was delayed。

7．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what (steal). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was stolen
【详解】考查时态语态。

句意：很难估计被盗物品的总价值。

分析句子可知，what引导宾语从句，steal是从句谓语，根据句意用一般过去时，steal与what是被动关系，用被动语态，且根据句意，what指代单数。

故填was stolen。

8．I (appoint) to monitor the business in that branch of our factory last week. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was appointed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。

句意：上周我被派去监督我们工厂那个分公司的业务。

分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为last week，句子时态应用一般过去时，appoint 和主语I之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是I，be动词需用was。

故填was appointed。

9．To my father’s joy, one of his students (admit) to Beijing University last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was admitted
【详解】考查时态、语态。

句意：令我父亲高兴的是，他的一个学生去年被北京大学录取了。

根据时间状语last year，句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时，admit与逻辑主语one of his students
之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数，助动词应用was。

故填was admitted。

10．The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are called
【详解】考查动词时态及语态。

句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。

此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。

故填are called。

11．About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is covered
【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态和主谓一致。

句意：大约30%的土地被森林覆盖。

空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般现在时，主语land为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且主语和动词cover之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。

故填is covered。

12．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I (surround) by Shanxi accents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】am surrounded
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。

句意：每年，当我上火车的那一刻，我都被山西口音所包围。

分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。

根据时间状语从句the moment I get on the train可知，此处应用一般现在时；主语I与动词surround是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。

故填am surrounded。

13．The Mid-Autumn Festival (celebrate) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is celebrated
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。

句意：中秋节是在农历八月十五庆祝的。

分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。

表示习俗应用一般现在时态，主语the Mid-Autumn Festival与动词celebrate是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。

故填is celebrated。

14．The fact is that a great deal of time (take) up by various activities and we’re facing a tight schedule. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is taken
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。

句意：事实是，各种活动占用了大量时间，我们面临着紧张的时间表。

空处为表语从句的谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处描述现在的事实，且时间是被占用，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语time不可数，谓语动词应用单数形式。

故填is taken。

15．The night sky (spot) with stars. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is spotted
【详解】考查时态和语态。

句意：夜空中布满了星星。

此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语the night sky和动词spot(使有斑点)是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是单数，be动词应用is，be spotted with意为“满是……”。

故填is spotted。

16．Smoking (forbid) during office hours. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is forbidden
【详解】考查时态语态。

句意：工作时间吸烟是被禁止的。

分析句意可知，动词forbid“禁止”作谓语，因其与主语动名词形式的smoking“吸烟”构成动宾关系，使用被动语态，本句是一项规定，使用一般现在时。

故填is forbidden。

17．In regular classes these children (hold) back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning situations that are designed for the average children.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are held
【详解】考查动词。

句意：在普通课堂上，这些孩子的智力增长受到专为普通孩子设计的学习环境的阻碍。

分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。

同时these children与hold之间为被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。

hold back为固定短语，意为“阻碍”。

故填are held。

18．Prices (mark) on the goods. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】are marked
【详解】考查时态和语态。

句意：货物上标有价格。

空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语prices和动词mark(标明)二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是复数。

故填are marked。

19．The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is designed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。

句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性”的指导原则。

设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。

故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。

故填is designed。

20．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
【解析】20．考查时态。

根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。

21．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
考查主谓一致。

根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般
现在时，故填are。

22．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
考查时态。

根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said 可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。

23．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.
考查动词时态。

根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。

故填have made。

24．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
考查一般过去时。

句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。

“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。

故填recommeded。

25．On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
考查一般过去时的被动语态。

句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。

由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。

主语为we，故填were invited。

26．While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
考查时态。

根据the review says可知，此处表示陈述一般事实情况，故使用一般现在时态，填is。

27．Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
考查时态。

根据Since 2011，表示“自从2011年以来……”，强调动作开始在过去，但是对现在有所影响，故使用现在完成时，即has grown。

28．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
考查时态。

根据时间状语2005可知，强调发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时，故填started。

29．Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
考查时态。

题干描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。

30．When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
考查时态和语态。

根据主句中谓语动词tastes可知，此处用一般现在时，而且fat and salt和
remove之间是被动关系，故填are removed。

31．Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
考查时态和语态。

根据后面must have been可知，是表示一般过去的情况，而且steam engines 和use是被动关系，故填were used。

32．Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
考查时态和语态。

根据宾语从句she could be…可知，此处是过去发生的动作，而且Sarah 和tell是被动关系，故填was told。

33．But at the moment, school (come) first.
考查主谓一致。

根据时间状语at the moment可知，表示现在的情况，school作为主语，应该使用第三人称单数，故填comes。

34．Recent years (see) environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have seen
【详解】考查时态。

句意：近年来发生了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测情况还会更糟。

由Recent years可知是过去某一时间到现在一直持续发生的事，应用现在完成时；本处是时间Recent years做主语，应用复数形式；主语与谓语之间是主动关系。

故填have seen。

35．In recent years, they (reflect) people’s wishes and faiths. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have reflected
【详解】考查时态。

句意：近年来，他们表达了人民的愿望和信仰。

空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“In recent years”可知，空处的时态应为现在完成时；主语“they”为复数，所以助动词用have，故填have reflected。

36．Many new tough problems (arise) since they came to America. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have arisen
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：自从他们来到美国以来，出现了许多新的棘手问题。

设空处为谓语，根据时间状语since they came to America，可知应用现在完成时，主语Many new tough problems，谓语用复数形式，故填have arisen。

37．Many parts of China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days. (用所给词正确形式填空)
【答案】have seen
【详解】考查时态。

句意：在过去的几天里，中国的许多地区都出现了强降雨。

分许句子结
【答案】has permitted
【详解】考查现在完成时。

句意：但多年来，中国的经济发展使得这项运动的传播范围超出了富人的范围。

分析句子可知，设空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语over the years可知用现在完成时，主语development不可数，助动词应用has。

故填has permitted。

43．Large fires have long (rob) humanity of knowledge, art and treasures.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】robbed
【详解】考查现在完成时。

句意：长期来看，大火夺走了人类的知识、艺术和财富。

空格前有助动词have，结合语境可推断用现在完成时，且主语fires与谓语动词rob是主动关系，该空应填过去分词robbed。

故填robbed。

44．I’m deeply impressed by the great changes that (take) place in the school over the past decade.
【答案】have taken
【详解】考查时态。

句意：我们学校过去十年发生的巨大变化让我印象深刻。

根据时间状语over the past decade判断此处应该使用现在完成时，因为先行词是changes是复数，谓语动词也应该使用复数。

故填have taken。

45．When it comes to desirable companies, business students (name) Bank of China the top choice for seven years.
【答案】have named
【详解】考查时态。

句意：当涉及到满意的公司的时候，近七年以来商科学生一直把中国银行当成最高的选择。

句中时间状语for seven years通常要和现在完成时连用，所以要填have named。

46．I like getting up very early in summer. The air in the morning is so good (breathe). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to breathe
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：我喜欢在夏天起得很早。

早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。

此处考查句型sth is +adj+to do，不定式与形容词连用对句子的主语进行修饰说明。

使用主动语态表示被动的含义．说明主语的性格特征。

设空处应填动词不定式，作原因状语。

故填to breathe。

47．With a lot of problems (solve), the newly--elected president will have a hard time. （用单词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to solve
【详解】考查动词不定式。

句意：由于有许多问题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

此处是with复合结构，名词短语a lot of problems与动词solve构成被动关系，而且这是一个将
来要发生的动作，故使用动词不定式（to do），本处用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

故填to solve。

48．The authorities commanded that the survivors of the mine accident （send）to the nearest hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】be sent
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。

句意：根据官方的命令，矿难幸存者要被送往最近的医院。

当主句谓语动词为坚持（insist）、命令（order，command）、建议（advise，suggest，recommend）、要求（demand，require，request，ask）等词时，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，使用动词原形。

survivors与send之间是被动关系（幸存者被送往），使用被动语态，综上，故填be sent。

49．Generally speaking，when (take)according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
一般地说，当人们按照说明吃这种药，它不会有副作用。

【答案】taken
【详解】考查谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知when引导的状语从句缺少谓语，所以take充当状语从句谓语，结合句意可知主语为the drug，与动作take之间为被动关系，所以谓语应使用被动语态结构be done，在状语从句中，当主语相同，谓语动词为系动词时，可以省略，故填taken。

50．Rainforests (cut)and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear from Earth in the near future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are being cut
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。

句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和燃烧，它们将在不久的将来从地球上消失。

句子主语Rainforests是复数形式，和谓语动词cut之间是被动关系，这里表示目前正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。

故答案为are being cut。

51．Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been attracted
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。

句意：自从人类文明以来，人类就渴望探索太空。

我们被地平线所吸引，去寻找食物或更大的空间，或者只是去看看那些树、山或海洋之外的东西。

根据句意可知，本句为现在完成时，句子主语we和所填词attract之间是被动的关系，故填现在完成时的被动语态。

故填have been attracted。

52．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment
(deliver) to the poverty-stricken regions.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have been delivered
【详解】考查固定句型和现在完成时的被动语态。

句意：这并不是第一次向贫困地区运送大量先进的教学设备。

对于固定结构“It is the first time+that从句”来说，主句用一般现在时，从句要用现在完成时，所以空处应填谓语动词的现在完成时，又根据主谓一致原则，要与主语immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment保持复数一致，amounts of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式，且主语与主语是被动关系，因此空处应填现在完成时的被动语态，即have been delivered。

故填have been delivered。

53．The stadium (build) at present in our city is (intend) for the coming Asian Games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being built intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。

句意：目前我市正在建设的体育场，是为了迎接即将到来的亚运会。

第一空是非谓语动词做后置定语修饰名词stadium，stadium(舞台)和动词build(建造)二者之间是被动关系，根据时间标志词“at present(目前)”可知，此处表示“正在被建造”，所以应用过去分词的进行式being done来做后置定语；第二空be intended for是固定搭配，意为“为......准备”，故第一空填being built，第二空填intended。

54．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it (cause) by eating too much. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】may have been caused
【详解】考查情态动词和被动。

句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。

根据前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，“cause”这一动作发生在过去，对过去发生的事情的推测，故用may have done “可能做过某事”；由于dog's illness与cause之间为被动关系，故填may have been caused。

55．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was being decorated
【详解】考查时态语态。

句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。

根据主句中的went判断是过去时间，that引起的宾语从句中缺少谓语，当时正在被装修，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was/were being done. 故填was being decorated.
56．Peer pressure can happen when we （influence）to do something. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】are influenced
【详解】考查动词的语态。

句意：当我们被影响做某事的时候，同伴压力就会产生。

根据句意可知同伴压力产生是一种事实，用一般现在时。

又由于我们是被影响的，因此用一般现在
时的被动语态。

故填are influenced。

57．It (recommend) that women have 2.7 liters daily，which is roughly 91 ounces of water and a little less than 11.5 cups. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】is recommended
【详解】考查谓语动词被动语态。

句意：据建议女性每天应该和2.7公升水，这大约是91盎司，或者不到十一杯半的量。

固定句型it is recommended that……“据推荐；有人推荐”，其中，it做形式主语，谓语动词用被动，表示“某事被建议”，本句为描述客观事实，主语为单数。

故填is recommended。

58．I would appreciate it if I (offer) an opportinutity to display my talent. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were offered
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。

句意：如果能给我一个施展才华的机会，我将不胜感激。

对现在情况的虚拟，从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他；主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他，“我”和“提供一个机会”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填were offered。

59．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have been built
【详解】考查时态和语态。

句意：到目前为止，在黄浦江上四座大桥已经被建成。

根据so far （到目前为止）可知空格处要用现在完成时，本句是将表示方位的介词短语置于句首而形成的倒装句。

由于build与主语four grand bridges 是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。

故填have been built。

60．The government urges that every effort (make) to bring down food prices. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】should be made/be made
【详解】考查虚拟语气。

句意：政府敦促应尽一切努力降低食品价格。

urge后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，make与主语every effort是被动关系，用被动语态，故填（should）be made。