新概念2第29-30课笔记

Lesson 29 Taxi!
★taxi n. 出租汽车
taxi driver出租车司机
take a taxi，take a bus，take a lift
★land vi. 着陆
Whose plane landed in the field?
★plough v. 耕地
plough n. 梨；v. 耕, 犁, 犁耕, 费力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰
farm n. 农田，家场
★lonely adj. 偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方)
lonely adj. 孤独的, 孤僻的(人)
She felt lonely.她感到孤独（主观）
alone adj. 单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的；adv. 独自地
She is alone.她独自一个人（事实, 客观）
★roof n. 楼顶（从外面看）
raise the roof v. 喧闹, 大声抱怨
ceiling n. 天花板（从里面看）
hit the ceiling勃然大怒, 暴跳如雷, 怒发冲冠（美口语）
★block n. 块, 一座大楼
★flat n. 公寓房
a block of flats公寓楼(英国英语)
a block of apartments公寓楼(美语，apartment n. 公寓)
office block办公楼写字楼
★desert v. 废弃
①v. 废弃
desert the house = let the room empty
②n. 沙漠, 不毛之地
【课文讲解】
1、The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'.
called a ‘Pilatus Porter’是过去分词短语,作aeroplane的定语。

一般过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词/代词前面。

He landed in a deserted car park.
a race across the Atlantic
call sb. sth.叫某人……
be called被称为……
The instrument was called a clavichord.
过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的
I have an instrument called a clavichord.
a ploughed field被耕过的田；
a deserted car park被废弃的车场
written English书面语；spoken English口语
colloquial language口语
2、The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field.
that 从句在此处是表语从句。

宾语从句中的that可省略；定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。

The most surprising thing is that…（surprising 可以由其它词替换）
The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match.
The happiest thing is that I can visit/see/(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival. (the Spring Festival春节)
To one’s surprise, …
3、Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.
since then从那时起（强调起点）
so far =up to now强调终点
★fly
①vi. 飞，飞行
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
②vt. 空运（乘客）
fly sb./sth. To…开飞机送某人/物去……
He has flown his car to France.
drive sb. to…开车送某人去……
My friend drove me to Tianjin.
4、Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.
once…and on another occasion一次……还有一次……
Once I met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library.
5、Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman.
request from sb.来自某人的请求
request for sth.要求得到
6、The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
take sb. to …送某人……
too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义，强调程度大到了人们不愿去做
too expensive太贵了（买不起）
very 强调程度深
You are very kind.
very expensive很贵，但买得起
dangerous adj. 危险的
not only，flew，but，Then，climbed(ran也对, 但没有climb表达更确切)，waved，yet，notice 【Key structures】
一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时往往强调动作本身，而现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与现在有某种联系的动作。

I hope you washed them before you ate them.
Up till now, I have never been abroad before.
【Special Difficulties】
Refuse and Deny
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment).
deny doing sth. / deny that +从句否认（指控、做过某事等）
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.
当refuse作为及物/不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时，不可与deny混用；当refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换。

All those not holding tickets will be refused /denied entry.无票者不得入内。

Bring，Take与Fetch
bring v. 从某处将某物“带来”，离说话人越来越近
He brought the book with him when he came to see me.
take v. 拿走，离说话人越来越远
He took the book with him when he left.
fetch v. 去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程动作，去了再来(双向动作)
Please fetch me a glass of water.
Very and Too
very adv. 很，非常（very描述状况，不涉及后果）
I arrived very late but I caught the train.
too adv. 太，过于（too表示“太……”，以至于引起某种后果）
I arrived too late and I missed the train.
【Multiple choice questions】
3. The‘taxi’is a small Swiss aeroplane ___c___ called a‘Pilatus Porter’.
a. who is
b. whom is
c. which is
d. whose is
动词的-ing形式有主动含义, ed形式有被动含义，它们作定语时等同于定语从句
a passing plane = a plane which is passing
4 This is the most surprising thing about it. It is ___b___ than anything.
a. most surprising
b. more surprising
c. more surprised
d. most surprised
本句应表达为：It is more surprising than anything else.（else不能省略, 句子才严密）
Lesson 30 Football or polo?
★cut v. 穿过
①vt. &vi. 切，割，剪
Would you please cut the cake in half?
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.
今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。

cut one's hair = have a hair cut理发
cut the tree砍树
cut down the tree = cut the tree down砍倒树
cut the head off砍脑袋
(off = away from)
cut off electricity切断电源
cut sth. into pieces把……切成小片(碎)
②vt. 割破，划破
cut oneself割伤自己
③vi. 横穿，穿越（介词用across/through）
cut across/through直着穿过
The road cuts across/through the forest.
cut a corner
走捷径，超近路
When you learn English, never cut a corner.
No pains, no gains.
★row v. 划(船)
①vt.& vi. 划船
My brother is rowing.划船（row强调动作）
go boating去划船（强调玩）
②vt. 划船载运
Can you row me up/across the river?你能划船将我送到河的上游/对岸吗？He rowed her home.他划船把她送回家。

★kick v. 踢
kick me踢我一脚
kickback n. 回扣, 佣金
I get a kickback of 2000 Yuan.
kick upstairs明升暗降
He was kicked upstairs.
well to go (美语) = well done (英语)做得不错
★sight n. 眼界, 视域
catch sight of…看见
catch sight of the bird =see the bird看见那只鸟
out of sight在视线之外
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见心不烦
in sight在视线之内
The bird is in sight.
long sighted眼光长远, 远视眼
sb. is long sighted
short sighted目光短浅, 近视
【课文讲解】
1、I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
like to do sth.喜欢……（一次性的）
I like to drink tea.
like doing sth.喜欢……（习惯性的）
I like drinking water.
on afternoons餐每逢下午
2、It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
as usual和往常一样
3、Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
call out大声呼叫，叫喊
I heard someone calling out for help.
call out to sb.对……大声喊
Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn’t hear her.
4、The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
so…that…如此……以致于……(that 引导的结果状语从句)
The teacher speaks so fast that I can't catch the word.
My brother walks so slowly that he can't catch up with me. (赶不上)
The English is so easy that I can learn it well.
so的后面跟副词或形容词, 如后跟名词时要用such +n. +that…
5、I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!
in sight看得见，在视野之内（反义词为out of sight）
There were not anything in sight.
No bus is in sight.
In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.
【Summary writing 】
4.The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting.
6.However,the man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank.
but连接两个句子, 中间可用逗号隔开；however只是副词, 只表示意思上得转折, 它可以放在句首也可以放在句中, 只是用一个逗号把它和其他的词隔开就可以
【Key structures】
The, Some and Any
some不用于否定句，any通常用于否定句和疑问句，some在表示邀请的语气中或在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，可以取代any
Do you want some? / Would you want something?
Do you want any drink?你想要喝点什么吗?(不愿意给别人喝)
Would you want some to drink?
在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）前面通常不加任何冠词。

但在特指的海洋、河流、山脉以及部分复合词形式的国名前，一定要用定冠词the；在表示世界上独一无二的东西时，通常要加定冠词the.
It can get very rough in the Mediterranean. 地中海中可能会非常不平静.
Many great cities are built on rivers. Paris is on the Seine, London is on the Thames and
Rome is on the Tiber.
许多大城市都建在河岸上. 巴黎在塞纳河上, 伦敦在泰晤士河上, 罗马在第伯尔河上.
I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world. He has climbed in the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Rocky Mountains.
我认识一个参加过世界各地登山探险的人. 他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和洛矶山.
在such后面用a/an，可以起强调作用
I’ve never seen such a strong wind before.
Exercises D (在必要的地方填上冠词a或the)
1 ______ refrigerators are necessary in ______ hot countries.
2 Which river is ______ longest, ______ Nile, ______ Amazon, or ______ Mississippi?
3 Heyerdahl crossed ______ Pacific on ______ raft.
4 Why is ______ Britain sometimes called ______ United Kingdom?
5 We sailed up ______ Red Sea and then went through ______ Suez Canal.
1.不填
in hot countries: 指的是炎热的那类国家, 故不用the
2. the，the，the，the
Nile 尼罗河；
Amazon 亚马逊河；
Missisippi 密西西比河
3.the，a
the Atlantic 大西洋
raft n. 木筏子（如用by，则不用加任何修饰by raft，用“on，in”一般都要加“the，a/an”，这里指的是这一类，没特指，故加“a”）
4. \，the
如果以单个的词作为国家, 基本上不加the,比方说China, America, Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形式, 前面就要加the，如：the USA
5.the，the
横渡海峡用“across”；和运河相连介词用through，不用“across”
【Multiple choice questions】
4. It cuts across the park. It goes ___a___ it.
a. through
b. over
c. round
d. along
round围绕；along沿着
across从……的表面穿过
across the grass
through从……的内部穿过
go through the market穿过市场
over在……上方，与下面没接触，over 在用于穿越讲时，表示穿过弧形
over the bridge, over the mountains, over the hill
7. There weren't any in sight. They ___c___ .
a. couldn't see
b. hadn't seen
c. couldn't be seen
d. weren't seen
see 为及物动词, 一般后面一定要加宾语；look 为不及物动词
10 The man in the boat didn't ___a___ anyone shouting.
a. hear
b. listen to
c. mind
d. take care of
hear sb. doing sth.
听见某人正在做某事
I heard my sister singing.
5 He flew a doctor to a Welsh village. ___d___ he has flown to many unusual places.
a. From then
b. By then
c. By that time
d. Since that time
from then从……起(没有终点)；
from…to…从……到……
since then = from then on从……起(到现在为止)
by then到……止；
by that time到……止
9 The ploughed field is ready for ___b___ .
a. sewing
b. sowing
c. seeding
d. growing
be ready for/to…为……作准备
“seed”种植，只与播种子相联系, 一般作名词, 强调把种子种下去；而“sow”种植，只说明把...种下去, 并不一定是“种子”
11 Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual ___c___ .
a. parts
b. pieces
c. spots
d. sections
spot=place (点, 地点)
part n. 部分
a piece of = a sheet of 一张；a piece of = a bit of 一块。