名词性从句教学案

名词性从句（教案）
（一）、名词性从句的种类：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

（二）、名词性从句的引导词：
1. 由wh- 词引导的名词从句叫作名词性wh- 从句。

wh- 词包括who，whom，whose，
whoever，what，whatever，which，whichever 等连接代词和where，when，how，why 等连接副词。

2. wh- 从句的语法功能除了起连接从句外，同时还充当主语、宾语、表语、状语等。

3. if，whether 引导的名词性从句
从属连词if，whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问从句和选择型疑问从句，起连接从句作用，不充当语法成分，本身有意义，
（3）由从属连词that 引导的从句叫做名词性从句时，that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，本身也没有词义。

引导的名词性从句在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。

练习、用英语完成下列句子，并注意从句在句子中做什么成分。

1. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。

How the book will sell depends on its author.
2. 在自己家里可以随心所欲In one's own home one can do what one likes.。

(直接宾语)
3. The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

(间接宾语)
4. 她会给他她想要的名字。

She will name him whatever she wants to. (宾语补足语)
6. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

I have no idea when he will return. (同位语)
7. 那取决于我们去哪儿。

That depends on where we shall go.(介词宾语)
8. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. (宾语)
9. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

The point is whether we should lend him the money. (表语)
10. 他还活着是幸运的。

That the girl is still alive is very lucky. 主语：
11. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

12. 事实是近来没有人见过他。

The fact is that he has not been seen recently. (表语)
13. 近来没有人见过他这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. （同位语）
14.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. （形容词宾语）
15.我担心他是否能渡过疾病的危险期。

I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. （介词宾语）
二、高考主要考查要点：
（1）名词性从句的引导词的选择、
（2）引导词之间的区别以及名词性从句的语序等。

所以学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：
1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句引导的名词性从句要用陈述语序。

名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。

其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正
确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键
2. what 和that 引导名词性从句时的区别，that 引导名词性从句时只起连接词的作用，本身无
实际意义，在从句中不作任何成分；what 引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”
或“所……的事物”（=the thing（s）which ），同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。

练习、用what 或that填空
(1). ___________ he said at the meeting is true.
(2)._____________ he made a speech at the meeting is true.
(3) He told me _____________ he would go hiking this Saturday.
(4) He told me _____________________he would do this Saturday.
Answers: 1.What 2.That 3.that 4. what
3. if 和whether 引导名词性从句时的区别：
if 和whether 都可以用来引导名词性从句，
只能用whether的情况：
(1) 引导主语从句（位于句首时），(2) 表语从句、同位语从句，
(3)在介词之后引导宾语从句时，（4）与动词不定式连用。

(5)与or not 连在一起时，只能
用whether
用if 的情况：（也可用whether）
(1) 与or not 连用，但不连在一起，(2) 在主语从句中it作形式主语时。

练习、用if 和whether填空
(1). The question is ______________ they will come here on time.
(2). I didn’t know ________ or not she was ready.
(3) I didn’t know _____________ she was ready or not.
(4). ______________ he will come here makes little difference.
(5). It makes little difference ___________ he will come here.
(6). It depends on _______________ they have enough money.
(7) The problem _______________ we should go there has been decided.
Answers; 1.whether 2. whether 3. if / whether 4. Whether 5. if / whether 6.whether 7. whether 4. who 与whoever，whom与whomever , whose与whosever的区别：
Whoever= anyone who , whomever，whosever 分别是它们的宾格和所有格，它们都是无先行
的连接代词，Whoever 在句中可以做主语，也可以做宾语，whomever只能做宾语，whosever 做定语。

练习、用who 与whoever，whom与whomever , whose与whosever填空
（1）You can give the book to _____________ wants to go to read it..
（2）You can give the ticket to anyone ________ wants to go to see a film.
（3）Both my mother and I have a car. You can take _________ car you like.
（4）In fact , we all like __________ you like.
（5）In fact we all like anyone __________ you like.
Answers: 1.whoever 2. who 3. whosever 4. whomever 5 whom
5.which 与whichever；what与whatever 的区别：
which 与whichever；what与whatever在名词性从句中可以做主语和宾语，
但which 与whichever是指一定范围内（或同类中）的“哪一个”，
what与whatever则没有范围，或种类不同。

练习、用.which 与whichever；what与whatever填空。

(1).I want to read ____________ book you like to read.(无范围)
(2). I want to know __________ book you like to read best of the three.(有范围)
(3). There are many toys and books. I don’t know _____________ I should choose.(种类不同)
(4) All the ties are here.You can choose ______________ you like .(有范围)
Answers: 1. what 2. which 3. what 4. which / whichever
6. that与whether 的区别：
that与whether都可以引导同位语从句，根据句子意思可以确定它们的用法。

意思是肯定用that，不肯定的用whether
练习、用that与whether填空
(1) There is no doubt _________ our team will win the match.(同位语从句，肯定)
(2) I am not sure _________________ our team will defeat theirs.(宾语从句，不肯定)
(3) It is certain __________ our country will become more and more powerful(主语从句，肯定)
(4) The fact is _______________ more and more people have gone to big cities.（表语从句，肯定）
(5) The question is __________ they will agree to our plan.（表语从句，不肯定）
Answers: 1.that 2. whether 3. that 4. that 5. whether
一、主语从句
在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

位于谓语动词之前。

通常由that, whether以及疑问连词(what, when, who, how, where)等引导。

如：
①众所周知他是学校里最聪明的学生。

That he is the cleverest student in the school is
known to all. （陈述句作主语）
②要不要开会还没决定呢。

Whether they will hold a meeting（or not）has not been decided.
③他跟你说的只不过是个谎言。

What he told you was only a lie.
④他们什么时候来还不知道。

When they will come isn’t known now.
二、几个注意点
①由疑问词引导的主语从句中需用陈述句的形式。

②that 在句首时通常不省略。

③由whether引导的主语从句而不能用if代替。

④.that 从句作主语通常用it 作形式主语，而将that 从句置于句末。

⑤wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词it 作形式主语，而将wh- 从句置于句末。

三、主语从句的两种结构：
①连接词+ 从句主语+ 谓语+ 主句
Where the girl lives and works is still a secret.
②It +谓语+主句+ 连接词+ 从句如：
It is still a secret where the girl lives and works.
③It 做形式主语的主从复合句有：
It is + 名词+ that….
1. It is a pity/ a shame/ / a wonder/ a question / no wonder that ….
It is + 名词+ that….
1. It is a pity/ a shame/ / a wonder/ a question / no wonder that ….
A. 很遗憾你不能来参加我的生日晚会。

It ’s a pity that you can’t come to my birthday party.
B.他平时学习努力，难怪他是一个尖子学生。

He works hard at all his lessons. It is no wonder that he is a top student.
2.It is + 形容词(interesting, difficult, possible, surprising, clear, well-known, certain) + that…
众所周知，中国越来越强大了。

It is well known that China is growing stronger and stronger.
3. It is + 过去分词（reported, announced, said, believed，hoped, thought, hoped,
suggested ,expected…）+ that…
据说他将当选为总统。

It’s said t hat he will be elected President.
4. It + 动词+ that 从句
他好像永远也解决不了这问题。

It seemed that he would never work out the questions.
二、表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的句子叫表语从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后，表语从句对主句进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。

能接表语从句的连系动词有：be ,seem, appear , look, sound, remain, 等,
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。

有时可用as if来引导表语从句。

If 不能代替whethe引导表语从句。

完成下列句子
1. 看起来好像要下雨了。

It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. 中国不再是过去的中国乐。

China is no longer what she used to be.
3. 问题仍然是他们是否能够帮助我们。

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
4. 那是他为什么昨天没来。

That is why he did not come to school yesterday.
表语从句练习
1. This was ______we get there .First,we took a bus .Then we walk and at last we had to take a taxi.
A. when
B. how
C. what
D. where
2.______puzzled us was _____we couldn’t find an effective way to improve the machine.
A. That , that
B. What , what
C. What, that
D. That, how
3. Time is very valuable. The problem is _____we make good use of our time.
A. how
B. when
C. who
D. if
4. It seems ______everything went wrong with me today.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. as if
Answers:BCAD
三、宾语从句
在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

1.引导宾语从句的关联词与引导其他名词从句的关联词大致一样.
连接词：从属连词(1).that, (2).whether/if
(3).what,who,which, when,where,why (4).Whatever,whoever,whomever, whichever等。

①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
②关于宾语从句连词的选择：
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
③宾语从句应注意的问题：
1.语序：陈述语序----- 如果是疑问连词或副词引导的宾语从句，不能在主语前加助动词。

要用陈述句的语序。

2.时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则可以用任何时态。

如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。

练习、完成下列句子。

(1).我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。

I think I will do better in English this term.
(2) 老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。

The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.
(3) 想知道你是否能帮我。

I wondered if/whether you could help me
(4) 你能告诉我我们在哪里见面吗？Can you tell me where we will meet?
关于宾语从句中不省略that的情况
1.当有两个宾语从句时前一个从句中that可以省略,后面的不省.
He said he didn’t accept the condition and that he would do it right now.
2.当it作形式宾语,而把that从句放到后面时,that不省略.如:
I found it impossible that I wanted to get that book.
练习
一、改错
1.Could you tell me what time is it now?
2.Nobody knows where does she live.
3.Do you know when will they come back to school?
4.Mother said she will buy me a walkman.
5.She told me that Beijing was the Capital of China.
6.We feel it a pity you won’t join us in the game.
二、选择题
1. Could you show me___________ get to the nearest hospital?
A. how I can
B. how can I
C. who I can
D. how could I
2. I don’t know ______has taken my pen?
A. whom
B. who
C. when
D. whether
3. He thought ______he _____the best student.
A.what, is
B. ∕,was
C. what ,was
D. that ,is
4.You must make it a rule _____you put away your things whenever you use them.
A. who
B. how
C. that
D. what
5. The reason why he was late for school was ___________ he didn’t catch the bus.
A. because
B. that
C. which
D. for
Answes：1B 2.B 3. B 4.C
四、同位语从句用作同位语的从句,叫同位语从句.用来说明其前面的名词如:fact, hope, idea, message, news, promise, report, thought, advice, belief, doubt, question,
truth, reply等的具体内容。

（一）名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导；no doubt(不怀疑)之后的同位语从句要用
that引导。

如：There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否胜任这项工作还有一些疑问。

I have no doubt that you’ll succeed. 我肯定你能成功。

（二）同位语从句前的名词的数
同位语从句从句前的名词一般都是抽象名词，所以通常用单数形式，并且往往有限定词加以修
饰。

但word除外。

如：
练习、完成下列句子。

1.你在那里得到信息说汽车要降价？
Where did you get the information that the prices of cars will go down?
2.他没有告诉我们他想到北京大学去深造的计划。

He didn’t tell us his plan that he wanted to go to Beijing University for further study.
3.请把你平安到达的消息告诉你父母Please send your parents word that you have arrived safely.。

4.有信儿来说家里需要我。

Word came that I was needed at home.
(三）同位语从句的语气
在advice, order, request, suggestion等表示“劝告、命令、请求、建议”等的名词后，同位语从句
的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”的结构。

其中，should 可以省略。

练习、完成下列句子。

1.我们听从了他的建议，每天早晨大声的读英语。

We followed his advice that we should read English aloud every morning.
2. 下一步该怎么做，我想听听有何高见。

I want suggestion what (should) be done next.
3. 他发出指示要立即开始工作。

He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.
（五）同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1、同位语从句前要加以说明的那个名词一般是抽象名词，并且多为不可数名词；而定语从句前的名词或代词（也就是先行词）可以为任何名词或代词，或为单数或为复数。

2、同位语从句阐述它前面名词的内容；而定语从句修饰、限定它前面名词或代词，也就是先行词的范围。

3、同位语从句中的引导词that 为连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，不可以省略；而定语从句中的that 为关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

如：
练习、完成下列句子。

（1）我们听到的消息令人激动。

The news that we heard was very exciting. （that 为关系代词，作及物动词hear的宾语）
（2）我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人激动。

The news that our football team had won the game was very exciting.（that引导同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分）
（3）她尽了最大的努力，这是一个事实。

It is a fact that she has done her best.（同位语从句，that 只是一个连词。

）
（4）这是一个你不能否认的事实.It is a fact (that) you can’t deny.（定语从句，that 是关系代词，在从句中作宾语。

）
(5)她收到了吉姆将乘飞机来的消息。

She received the message that Jim would come by plane.（同位
语从句）
(6)她收到了吉姆几天前发给她的消息。

She received the message (that) Jim sent her a few days ago.
（定语从句）
同位语从句练习
1.We are quite pleased with the result_______ China’s team has won 150 gold medals.
A. whether
B. which
C. that
D. what
2. They agreed with your idea ____you would go to Shanghai.
A. what
B. where
C. which D . how
3. He has made a promise ___ he will come to meet me here.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. whether
4.This is the news ________ our team won the match.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. /
Answers: CDCB
名词性从句（高考题）
1. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That
B. What
C. Whether
D. Where
2. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
3. Could I speak to______is in charge of International Sales ,please?
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who
4.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
5. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you
might get in the future.
A. that; what
B. what; /
C. which; that
D. /; that
6. —Where’s that report?
—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday.
A. if
B. when
C. because
D. before
7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A.how
B.what
C. which
D. when
8. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the
door to his bedroom.
A. why
B. that
C. when
D. where
9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what
B. why
C. how
D. whether
10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A.That
B.Which
C.What
D.As
11. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season is.
A. whatever
B. wherever
C. whenever
D. however
12. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It
B. This
C. What
D. As
13. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of
transport in the 21st century.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
14. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where
B. how
C. when
D. why
15. People in Chongqing are proud of __ they have achieved, in the past ten years.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
16. Students are always interested in finding out ______ they can go with a new teacher.
A. how far
B. how soon
C. how often
D. how long
17. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A. It
B. What
C. As
D. Which
18. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what
B. why
C. whom
D. which
19. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for
agricultural had to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that
D. in that(在于，因为)
20. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A. Anyone
B. The one
C. Whoever
D. Who
21. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their
parents speak at home.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. one
22. All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help
those in need since the disaster.
A. even if
B. whether
C. no matter
D. however
23. It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses
in later life.
A. if
B. because
C. when
D. that
24 We should consider the students’ request___ the school library provide more books on popular
science.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】A
25. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. who
【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。

26．She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
27. The fact has worried many scientists ____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. though
28. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who
B. what
C. whoever
D. whatever
【答案】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。

“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。

29. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health
A. what
B. this
C. that
D. which
30. News came from the school office _______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
31. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as
B. which
C. whether
D. that
32．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
－No problem.
A.When
B. that
C. whether
D. What
名词性从句（学案）
（一）、名词性从句的种类：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

（二）、名词性从句的引导词：
1. 由wh- 词引导的名词从句叫作名词性wh- 从句。

wh- 词包括who，whom，whose，
whoever，what，whatever，which，whichever 等连接代词和where，when，how，why 等连接副词。

2. wh- 从句的语法功能除了起连接从句外，同时还充当主语、宾语、表语、状语等。

3. if，whether 引导的名词性从句
从属连词if，whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问从句和选择型疑问从句，起连接从句作用，不充当语法成分，本身有意义，
（3）由从属连词that 引导的从句叫做名词性从句时，that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，本身也没有词义。

引导的名词性从句在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。

练习、用英语完成下列句子，并注意从句在句子中做什么成分。

1. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。

__________________________ depends on its author.
2. 在自己家里可以随心所欲In one's own home one can do ________________________
3. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

The club will give________________________________.
4. 她会给他她想要的名字。

She will name him ______________________________________.
6. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

I have no idea ________________________________________________
7. 那取决于我们去哪儿。

That depends on ___________________________________.
8. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

Let us know______________________________________________________
9. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

The point is _________________________________________.
10.他还活着是幸运的。

_______________________________________________is very lucky.
11. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

John said___________________________________________.
12. 事实是近来没有人见过他。

The fact is_____________________________________________.
13. 近来没有人见过他这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

The fact _________________________________________disturbs everyone in his office.
14.她怀疑我们是否能够来。

She's doubtful___________________________________.
15.我担心他是否能渡过疾病的危险期。

I worry about _________________________________________________________
二、高考主要考查要点：
（1）名词性从句的引导词的选择、
（2）引导词之间的区别以及名词性从句的语序等。

所以学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：
1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句引导的名词性从句要用陈述语序。

名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。

其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键
2. what 和that 引导名词性从句时的区别，that 引导名词性从句时只起连接词的作用，本身无
实际意义，在从句中不作任何成分；what 引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”
或“所……的事物”（=the thing（s）which ），同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。

练习、用what 或that填空
(1). ___________ he said at the meeting is true.
(2)._____________ he made a speech at the meeting is true.
(3) He told me _____________ he would go hiking this Saturday.
(4) He told me _____________________he would do this Saturday.
3. if 和whether 引导名词性从句时的区别：
if 和whether 都可以用来引导名词性从句，
只能用whether的情况：
(1) 引导主语从句（位于句首时），(2) 表语从句、同位语从句，
(3)在介词之后引导宾语从句时，（4）与动词不定式连用。

(5)与or not 连在一起时，只能
用whether
用if 的情况：（也可用whether）
(1) 与or not 连用，但不连在一起，(2) 在主语从句中it作形式主语时。

练习、用if 和whether填空
(1). The question is ______________ they will come here on time.
(2). I didn’t know ________ or not she was ready.
(3) I didn’t know _____________ she was ready or not.
(4). ______________ he will come here makes little difference.
(5). It makes little difference ___________ he will come here.
(6). It depends on _______________ they have enough money.
(7) The problem _______________ we should go there has been decided.
4. who 与whoever，whom与whomever , whose与whosever的区别：
Whoever= anyone who , whomever，whosever 分别是它们的宾格和所有格，它们都是无先行
的连接代词，Whoever 在句中可以做主语，也可以做宾语，whomever只能做宾语，whosever 做定语。

练习、用who 与whoever，whom与whomever , whose与whosever填空
（6）You can give the book to _____________ wants to go to read it..
（7）You can give the ticket to anyone ________ wants to go to see a film.
（8）Both my mother and I have a car. You can take _________ car you like.
（9）In fact , we all like __________ you like.
（10）In fact we all like anyone __________ you like.
Answers: 1.whoever 2. who 3. whosever 4. whomever 5 whom
5.which 与whichever；what与whatever 的区别：
which 与whichever；what与whatever在名词性从句中可以做主语和宾语，
但which 与whichever是指一定范围内（或同类中）的“哪一个”，
what与whatever则没有范围，或种类不同。

练习、用.which 与whichever；what与whatever填空。

(1).I want to read ____________ book you like to read.
(2). I want to know __________ book you like to read best of the three.
(3). There are many toys and books. I don’t know _____________ I should choose.
(4) All the ties are here. You can choose ______________ you like .
6. that与whether 的区别：
that与whether都可以引导同位语从句，根据句子意思可以确定它们的用法。

意思是肯定用that，不肯定的用whether
练习、用that与whether填空
(1) There is no doubt _________ our team will win the match.
(2) I am not sure _________________ our team will defeat theirs.
(3) It is certain __________ our country will become more and more powerful.
(4) The fact is _______________ more and more people have gone to big cities.
(5) The question is __________ they will agree to our plan.
7. what :+ 名词
how + 形容词∕副词
一、主语从句
在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

位于谓语动词之前。

通常由that, whether以及疑问连词(what, when, who, how, where)等引导。

如：
①众所周知他是学校里最聪明的学生。

______________________________is known to
all. （陈述句作主语）
②要不要开会还没决定呢。

______________________________ has not been decided.
③他跟你说的只不过是个谎言。

What he told you was only a lie.
④他们什么时候来还不知道。

______________________________isn’t known now.
二、几个注意点
①由疑问词引导的主语从句中需用陈述句的形式。

②that 在句首时通常不省略。

③由whether引导的主语从句而不能用if代替。

④.that 从句作主语通常用it 作形式主语，而将that 从句置于句末。

⑤wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词it 作形式主语，而将wh- 从句置于句末。

三、主语从句的两种结构：
①连接词+ 从句主语+ 谓语+ 主句
Where the girl lives and works is still a secret.
②It +谓语+主句+ 连接词+ 从句如：
It is still a secret where the girl lives and works.
③It 做形式主语的主从复合句有：
It is + 名词+ that….
1. It is a pity/ a shame/ / a wonder/ a question / no wonder that ….
A. 很遗憾你不能来参加我的生日晚会。

It ’s a pity________________________________________________________________.
B.他平时学习努力，难怪他是一个尖子学生。

He works hard at all his lessons. It is no wonder _____________________________________
2.It is + 形容词(interesting, difficult, possible, surprising, clear, well-known, certain) + that…
众所周知，中国越来越强大了。

It is well known___________________________________.
3. It is + 过去分词（reported, announced, said, believed，hoped, thought, hoped,
suggested ,expected…）+ that…
据说他将当选为总统。

It’s said_________________________________________________.
4. It + 动词+ that 从句
他好像永远也解决不了这问题。

It seemed_______________________________________________________________
二、表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的句子叫表语从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后，表语从句对主句进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。

能接表语从句的连系动词有：be ,seem, appear , look, sound, remain, 等,
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。

有时可用as if来引导表语从句。

If 不能代替whether引导表语从句。

完成下列句子
1. 看起来好像要下雨了。

It looks __________________________________________________.
2. 中国不再是过去的中国了。

China is no longer _____________________________________.
3. 问题仍然是他们是否能够帮助我们。

The question remains _____________________________________________________.
4. 那是他为什么昨天没来。

That is _________________________________________________.
表语从句练习
1. This was ______we get there .First, we took a bus .Then we walk and at last we had to take a taxi.
A. when
B. how
C. what
D. where
2.______puzzled us was _____we couldn’t find an effective way to improve the machine.
A. That , that
B. What , what
C. What, that
D. That, how
3. Time is very valuable. The problem is _____we make good use of our time.
A. how
B. when
C. who
D. if
4. It seems ______everything went wrong with me today.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. as if
三、宾语从句
在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

1.引导宾语从句的关联词与引导其他名词从句的关联词大致一样.
连接词：从属连词(1).that, (2).whether/if
(3).what, who , which, when, where, why (4).Whatever, whoever, whomever , whichever等。

①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
②关于宾语从句连词的选择：
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what, who, where, when等)
③宾语从句应注意的问题：
1.语序：陈述语序----- 如果是疑问连词或副词引导的宾语从句，不能在主语前加助动词。

要用陈述句的语序。

2.时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则可以用任何时态。

如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。

练习、完成下列句子。

(1).我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。

I think ______________________________________________________.
(2) 老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。

The teacher asked_________________________________________________
(3) 我想知道你是否能帮我。

I wondered_________________________________________________
(4) 你能告诉我我们在哪里见面吗？
Can you tell me____________________________________?
关于宾语从句中不省略that的情况
1.当有两个宾语从句时前一个从句中that可以省略,后面的不省.
He said he didn’t accept the condition and that he would do it right now.
2.当it作形式宾语,而把that从句放到后面时,that不省略.如:
I found it impossible that I wanted to get that book.
练习
一、选择题
1. Could you show me___________ get to the nearest hospital?
A. how I can
B. how can I
C. who I can
D. how could I
2. I don’t know ______has taken my pen?
A. whom
B. who
C. when
D. whether
3. He thought ______he _____the best student.。