2023届高考英语命题材料猜想+题型专练04 (运动健康)

题型素材话题专练04-----人与自我（运动健康）
Passage1
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (失智症) in later life-and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher. While 92 women were in the medium fitness category; a total of 59 were of low fitness level, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However, this study doe s not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association,” said Horder.“More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
1．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．Positive effects of doing exercises. B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C．Experimental studies on dementia. D．Advantages of sporty women over men.
2．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?
A．To predict their maximum heart rate. B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity.
C．To change their habit of working out. D．To detect their potential health problems.
Passage2
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers fi rst predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is b elieved that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raisin g millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
3．Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children’s health.D．To encourage research in education.
4．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.
5．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
Passage2
More and more people are turning to a plant-based lifestyle. ___6___ . It has been shown to help improve overall health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness. Here are two tips on how to gradually move into
plant-based living.
Ease Yourself Into It
___7___ . This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard—it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it.
If you’ve been eating meat daily (or almost daily) for most of your life, then your body’s going to be a bit confused when it’s suddenly not getting its regular fix of meat. The best way is to gradually reduce meat from your diet. If you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks. ___8___ . After that, you can alternate (交替) between “meat days” and “non-meat days”, until you’re comfortable going long stretches without eating meat.
Make Sure You’re Getting Your Nutrients (营养)
If you’re going to be plant-based, you have to do much work. That means figuring out how to develop meal plans that allow you to get your daily doses of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. You can’t just switch to eating green salads for 3 meals a day a nd expect to feel good, because you won’t. You’ll need to start eating a varied diet. Whole grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein. ___9___
That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients. ___10___ , you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time.
A．Once you have a clear idea
B．As long as you’re doing these two things
C．These two nutrients are difficult to get from plants
D．Next, bring it down to a meal a day for a few weeks
E．Healthy fats can come from things like olive oil and peanuts
F．The benefits of a plant-based lifestyle are seemingly endless
G．A lot of people fail because they move straight up into a plant-based lifestyle
完形填空
Today I had lunch with Cynthia, a former student of mine. The go-to restaurant I use for ____11____ like this is Merit Vegetarian. It’s a good ____12____ to vegan food and everyone I’ve ____13____ there has loved it.
As I was waiting for my friend to ____14____, I overheard a man and his wife saying they needed to go to their car to fetch cash in order to pay for something. When they ____15____ outside, I spoke to a worker and ____16____ to pay their bill. As it ____17____, it was just for a piece of cake and I asked them to just add it to my ____18____. I handed the cashier a Smile Card, ____19____ her to give it to the man. When the man came back with his money he was pleasantly
_____20_____.
I thought I had done a good deed, but there were more surprises to come. Cynthia and I were _____21_____ a conversation and our lunch when Bill, a worker at the restaurant,_____22_____ us. He explained that the couple on table 1 had paid for our lunch, including the cake. Bill didn’t understand why but I guessed it was just ripples (涟漪)
_____23_____. My Random Act of Kindness was magnified (放大).
When we were getting ready to leave, I asked Cynthia to _____24_____ a table so that we could keep the journey of kindness going._____25_____ they all looked deserving, she just chose one. I called Bill over and said I wanted to pay for their lunch. He was wild with _____26_____, smiling from ear to ear. I don’t think he had ever _____27_____ anything like this before. Cynthia _____28_____ that she’d never experienced anything like this, either.
In the past 7 years I’ve been able to witness so much generosity and kindness in _____29_____. Whatever the reason, it’s not a _____30_____ . I feel deep gratitude to you, and the rest of humanity.
11．A．classes B．events C．exams D．experiments
12．A．reference B．response C．addition D．introduction
13．A．missed B．raised C．taken D．followed
14．A．arrive B．lead C．admit D．stop
15．A．backed B．appeared C．stepped D．escaped
16．A．continued B．hesitated C．happened D．offered
17．A．turned out B．went by C．moved on D．held up
18．A．food B．bill C．work D．memory
19．A．advising B．allowing C．asking D．forcing
20．A．relaxed B．surprised C．disappointed D．satisfied
21．A．attempting B．studying C．planning D．enjoying
22．A．approached B．attracted C．praised D．acknowledged
23．A．rolling B．turning C．spreading D．withdrawing
24．A．make up B．take over C．pick out D．look into
25．A．Although B．Since C．Unless D．If
26．A．anxiety B．joy C．anger D．pride
27．A．ignored B．improved C．created D．observed
28．A．regretted B．agreed C．pretended D．forgot
29．A．play B．effect C．place D．action
30．A．coincidence B．chance C．contest D．contradiction
Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food —it’s the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of ____31____ comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What might be comforting ____32____ (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring.
Thoughts about comfort foods ____33____ (link) to calories, warmth or a sense of well-being. But what we don’t think about is that comfort foods also provide something social to us, according to Shira Gabriel, ____34____ associate professor of psychology at the State University of New York, Buffalo. Ga briel’s study found that people ____35____ have strong bonds to others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally ____36____ (stress) occasion.
Comfort foods are often thought to be rich in calories or full of sugar. Nevertheless, other studies have also
____37____ (evident) shown that the line between comfort and food isn’t as clear as “junk food = happiness”. ____38____ (eat) so-called “junk foods” does activate the ____39____ (brain) reward system, but that high is short-lived because it’s not the deep reward of real comfort.
But there is something in the ability of comfort foods ____40____ (arouse) belonging and memory. Taste and smell stay fresh a long time.
书面表达
Writing1应用文假定你是李华，你校外教John对当地的美食产品——香肠很感兴趣。

请你根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件，简要介绍一下香肠的有关知识。

内容包括：
1.香肠的烹饪方法；
2.送给他香肠，希望他喜欢。

注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：香肠Chinese sausage
Dear John,
I am more than happy to know that you are interested in our local food —Chinese sausage. Whenever one smells sausage, he will find it hard to resist the tempting call of taking it home.
Chinese sausage can be cooked in numerous ways. Boiling is one of the easiest ways to make sausage, which may take up 30 minutes. You might as well try stir-frying sausage in slices. Sometimes, many people would like to bake sausage in the oven in order to make it crispy. I have specially prepared some for you. I do hope you will like it.
Yours,
Li Hua
202211 10.5。