初中英语非谓语动词讲解与练习(动名词动词不定式)(DOC)

非谓语动词
「构成：（to ） +动词原形
-动词不定式
［在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分） ｛构成：V.-ing
用法（主、宾、表、定）
'构成：V. -ing / V.-ed （规则变化）
_用法（表、补、定、状）
（一）动名词
、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“ 动词原形+ing ”构成
worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in ) , spend...(in ), feel like, be used to (习惯于)，give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help 。

我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆 这些词。

完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy ) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up )
考虑建议不禁想( consider, suggest, can't help, feel like ) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mind )
（二）动词不定式 i 、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to ，这里的to 是不定式符号，本
非 谓 语 动 词
身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+ (to+ )动词原形。

1. 不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为：lt+be+adj. (+ for/ of sb. ) +动词不定式
女口：To learn English well is useful— It is useful to learn English well.
It ' important for us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

如: It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。

It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2. 不定式作宾语
①_x0001_有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望
的，如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, expect 等。

如：
Would you like to see a film this evenin g? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。

如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better （not）do..., would rather do,
could/would/will you please (not) do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。

3. 不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

如：
Lucy asked him to turn dow n the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。

tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如:
My mother en courages me to lear n Japa nese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。

我们初中阶段常见的有：fini sh, mi nd, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in) , spend...(in), feel like, be used to (习惯于)，give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。

我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy )
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想( consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mind
(二)动词不定式
三、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+ (to+)动词原形。

四、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为：lt+be+adj. ( + for/ of sb.) +动词不定式
女口：To learn English well is useful— It is useful to learn English well.
It ' important for us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

如: It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。

It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

5. 不定式作宾语
②_x0001_有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望
的，如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, expect 等。

如：
Would you like to see a film this evenin g? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。

如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better (not) do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please (not) do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。

6. 不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

如：
Lucy asked him to turn dow n the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。

tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: My mother en courages me to lear n Japa nese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略
to 。

这些动
词有：
一感(feel )、二听(hear, listen to )、三让(let, make, have )、四看(look at, see, watch, notice )。

但变被动语态时，必须加上
to 。

如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了
一整夜。

7. 不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。

它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

② 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。

There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。

8. 不定式 常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

如: The teacher is telling the students what to do .老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He did n't kn ow where to go .他不知道去哪里。

典型例题
(
)1. Tom's mother told him _______ eat ing too much meat. A: stopp ing B: to stop
C: stops
(
)2. We don't kn ow ________ i t next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do
B: to do what
C: whether to do
( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me. A: help
B: helpi ng
C: to help
D: helps
( )4 Drivers should n't be allowed ________ after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive
B: drivi ng
C: to drive
役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略
to 。

这些动词有：
一感 (feel 、、二听 (hear, listen to 、、三让 (let, make, have 、、四看 (look at, see, watch, notice )。

但变被动语态时，必须加上
to 。

如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了
一整夜。

9. 不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。

它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

② 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。

There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。

10. 不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

如: The teacher is telling the students what to do .老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He did n't kn ow where to go .他不知道去哪里。

典型例题
D: stopped
D: to do whether
( )1. Tom's mother told him
eating too much meat.
A: stopping B: to stop C: stops ( )2. We don't know _________ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.
A: what to do
B: to do what
C: whether to do
( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can ________ me.
( )4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed __________ a fter drinking, or they will break the law.
( )5. Water Park is a good place __________
( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone.
Relaxing allows you ______ to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning ( )7. Nick, would you mind _________ those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear
B: not wear
C: wearing not
D: not wearing
( )8. — _________ a volunteer is great.
— I think so. Some of us want _____volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being ； being
B: To be ； being
C: Being ； to be
D: To be ；to be
( )9.— Don't forget _______ your history and politics books tomorrow morning.
— Thanks. I won't.
A: bring B: to bring C: bringing ( )10. —What about ________ a rest?
— OK. Let's go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes
C: taking
( )11. — I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know _______ it in my small house.
— You're supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put
B: why to put
C: how to put
( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ and lay on the
ground, so we all stopped _____ what was wrong with him.
A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see ( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished ______________________________________ the report.
A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.— I feel a bit hungry now.
— Why not _____ for dinner with us? A: go B: did you go
C: to go
D: do you go
三、 练习
( )1. Granny often tells us _________ water in our daily life.
A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves
D: stopped
D: to do whether
A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps A: drive B: driving C: to drive
A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun
D: to have a fun
( )2. Richard tur ned off the computer after he had fini shed ______ the email.
A: write B: to write C: writi ng D: wrote
( )3. —We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Intern et.
—Really? Will you please show me _____ it?
A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use ( )4. —Where's your brother now , Bob?
—I saw him ________ in the street a mome nt ago and I told him _______.
A: playing ; don't do so B: playing; not to do so C: play; to do so
( )5. As tee nagers, we're old eno ugh _____ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clea n our own rooms.
A: to help B: helpi ng C: helped
( )6. Nancy is really a hard-work ing stude nt. We ofte n see her ______ b ooks in the classroom.
A: read B: to read C: reads
( )7 Mrs. Smith made her stude nts ______ t he compositi ons three times a week.
A: write B: to write C: writte n D: writi ng
( )8.Tom often makes his sister _______ , but yesterday he was made _______ by his sister.
A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry ( )9. You'd better ______ too much time play ing computer games.
A: don't spe nd B: not to spe nd C: to not spe nd D: not spe nd ( )10. More and more young people are trying to do someth ing ______ t he old.
A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves
( )11. Why n ot ______ an En glish club to practice ______ En glish?
A. to join; to speak
B. jo in; speak ing
C. jo in; to speak
D. to join; speak ing ( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _________ m e go in first.
A. to let
B. to tell
C. to allow
D. to ask
( )13. She saw some boys _________ s occer on the playgro und whe n she was on the way to the classroom.
A. played
B. to play
C. play ing
( )14. —How about going shopp ing this weeke nd, Peter?
—Sorry, I prefer ________ rather tha n _________ .
A. to stay at home; go out
B. to go out; stay at home
C. stay ing at home; go out
D. Going out; stay at home
( )15. It's a good habit ________ every day.
A. to keep doing exercise
B. to stay up late
C. to make much no ise
D. to too much ( )16. —It's hot. Would you mind my ________ t he win dow.
—_________ . Do it as you like, please!
A. to ope n; OK
B. ope ning; Certainly not
C. clos ing; Of course
D. Open; Good idea ( )17. Who do you think you'd like ________ with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to let to go
B. lett ing to go
C. to let go
D. let go ( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided
A. clea n it up
B. to clea n it up
C. clea n up it
D. clea ning up ( )19.1 heard some one the door and
A. ope n; come in
B .to ope n; to come in
C. ope n; come
into
D. to ope n; to
come
into
( )20. The girl was heard the pia no in the next room.
A. plays
B. to play
C. played
D. play
1. This place _______ a factory but now it is a park.
A. used to being
B. used to be
C. is used to
D. using to be
2. We advise parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from dan ger.
A. not leave
B. not to leave
C. leave
D. to leave
3. Sarah, you' d better drink more water after for such a long time
A. run
B. runs
C. to run
D. running
4. Though he often made his little sister _________ , today he was made _________ by his little sister.
A. cry ; to cry
B. crying ; crying
C. cry; cry
D. to cry ; cry
5. Jane was shy. She would not in vite her classmates _______ s peak ing En glish.
A. practice
B. practices
C. practic ing
D. to practice
6. Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night , but his parents don' t allow him ________ so.
A. do
B. does
C. to do
D. doing
7. The WWF is worki ng hard ------------ the ani mals in dan ger.
A. save
B. to save
C. saves
D. saved
8. Why not _______ y our friends for help whe n you are in trouble.
A. ask
B. to ask
C. asks
D. ask ing
9. —It' s too cold today. Would you mind _______ the window ?
—Certa inly not. Go ahead.
A. to close
B. closing
C. close
D. closed
10. —Alex , I think two hours of TV is eno ugh for you.
—Could I at least finish _______ this show ?
A. watch ing
B. to watch
C. watch
11. Most people enjoy _______ other people ________ g ames.
A. watching ; plays
B. to watch ; to play
C. watching ; playing
D. watching ; to play
12. —Thanks for ______ me with my English.
—It's my pleasure. I'm glad you ' ve made such great progress.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
13. We are making plans ________ gifts to sick children in the hospital and raise money for homeless people.
A. to hand out
B. hand out
C. handing out
14. Mr. Smith told his son _______ the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch
B. to not watch
C. not watching
D. doesn' t watch
15. —China is getting better and better at making high technology products.
—That' s right. People around the world can hardly avoid _______ products made in China.
A. not buying
B. not to buy
C. to buy
D. buying
16. —Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child ？
—Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret ______ that silly thing to my mum.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. did
17. Our teacher tells us ______ on the street because it ' s too dangerous.
A. not play soccer
B. not to play soccer
C.to not play soccer
18. We are too tired. Let's stop ________ a rest.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
19. It's necessary for us _______ to our parents when we have problems.
A. to talk
B. talking
C. talk
20. A lot of people dance on the square _______ after dinner.
A. to keep healthy
B. kept healthy
C. keeps healthy
D. keep healthy
21. —Why didn ' t Peter ______ his homework ？
—He said he had lost his workbook. I think it ' s an excuse.
A. does
B. doing
C. do
D. did
22. This sign is used _______ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo.
A. to warn
B. to warning
C. to make
D. to making
23. I was tired out ，so I stopped the car ______ a short rest.
A. have
B. having
C. to have
D. had
24. —So beautiful flowers ！I can't decide _______ for my mom.
—For Mother' s Day, it can ' t be better to take some earnations （康乃馨）.
A. when to choose
B. which to choose
C. how to choose
25. —What should we take when going birdwatching ？
—We should take a pair of binoculars ______ the birds clearly.
A. see
B. seeing
C. to see
D. sees
26. The traffic signs warn people ______ after drinking.
A. to drive
B. not to drive
C. driving
D. don 't drive
27. When you leave，please turn off the lights _____ energy.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
28. ________________________ His uncle would rather _________ in the countryside than to the city.
A. stay ；moving
B. to stay；move
C. stay；move
D. to stay ；to move
29. My friend invited me ______ the art club ，and I accepted it with pleasure.
A. join
B. to join
C. joined
D. joining
30. Martin was so busy _______ the old that he gave up his part-time job.
A. helping
B. helped
C. to help
D. help
31. If all of us pull together ，there must be something we can do _____ .
A. improve the environment
B.to improve the environment
C. improving the environment
D. improved the environment
32. In this school ，the students are asked _____ mobile phones.
A. not to use
B. not using
C. not use
D. to not use
33. Look！There are some birds _______ in the sky. They are very beautiful.
A. to fly
B. fly
C. flying
D. flown
34. We stopped _____ ，but there was not any sound.
A. to listen
B. listens
C. listen
D. listening
35. I really don ' t know ______ this question. It is too hard.
A. which to answer
B. how to answer
C. what to answer
36. My parents didn ' t allow me ______ to the party.
A. go
B.to go
C. goes
D. went
37. Mary used to ______ in the countryside ，but now she is used to _______ in the city.
A. live ；live
B. live ；living
C. living ；live
D. living ；living
38. I will try my best to stop my son from ______ the same mistake.
A. make
B. made
C. makes
D. making
39. I have a bad cold. I don ' t feel like _______ anything.
A. to eat
B. eating
C. eat
40. Don't forget ______ thanks when other people help you.
A. Accept
B. to accept
C. say
D. to say
41. —Dad，I'm really tired and hungry.
—Why not stop _____ and eat some cookies.
A. to do your homework
B. do your homework
C. doing your homework
D. did your homework
42. —Hello ！Mum. Long time no see ！
—Hello ！Mary. Are you busy these days ？I' m looking forward _____ your phone.
A. to answer
B. answering
C. to answering
D. answer
43. His mother often tells him _______ too much time playing games.
A. not to spend
B. don' t spend
C. spends
D. spending
44. Li Ming used ______ on the right in China ，but he soon got used _________ on the left in England.
A. to drive ；to drive
B. driving ；driving
C. to driving ；to drive
D. to drive ；to driving
45. —Is Jack in the next room ？
—Well，it's hard to say. But I heard him _________ loudly when I passed by just now.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. spoken
D. speaking
46. Alan often goes to the old people ' s home _______ up the old and look after them.
A. to cheer
B. cheer
C. cheers
47. At present ，the price of the houses in Urumqi _____ than before. I can afford _______ a large one.
A. are cheaper；to buy
B. is cheaper；buy
C. are lower；buy
D. is lower ；to buy
48. —Where is Tom？
—He is practicing _______ English ______ he can win the speech competition.
A. to speak；in order to
B. speaking ；so that
C. speaking；in order to
D. to speak；so that
49. The joke was so funny that it made him ______ again and again.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughed
D. Laughs
1-49 答案
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CCAAD CBAAA
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BACAB BBDBD
CBADD ADBA。