译林版高考英语总复习选择性必修 第一册 Unit 2The universal language

Unit 2The universal language
Chinese Language Day中文日
Under the initiative to celebrate cultural diversity, UN duty stations
around the world celebrate six separate days, each dedicated to one of the organization’s six official languages.
The date for the Chinese day was selected from Guyu (谷雨日). Cangjie, which is an important figure in ancient China,claimed to be an official historian of the Yellow Emperor and the inventor of Chinese characters. From then on, Chinese people celebrate the day Guyu to commemorate Cangjie.
Chinese was not commonly applied until it was established as an official language of the United Nations in 1946. In 1973, the General Assembly included Chinese as a working language, which was followed by the Security Council in 1974.
外刊概要本篇文章介绍了联合国为促进六种语言平等使用而开设语言日,选取谷雨日作为中文日,并介绍了联合国与中文使用的渊源。

主题语境人与社会
课标话题世界语言
思维品质通过了解联合国中文日,学生们可以对汉字的历史有一定的了解,并对汉字与联合国的关系有一定的了解,增强学生文化自信。

对接教材
选择性必修第一册
Unit 2The universal language
好词积累
Cangjie, which is an important figure in ancient China, claimed to be an official historian of the Yellow Emperor and the inventor of Chinese characters.
claim
(1)to say that sth. is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it宣称;声称;断言
(2)to demand or ask for sth. because you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it要求(拥有);索取;认领
(3)to ask for money from the government or a company because you have a right to it索要;索取
(4)(of a disaster, an accident,etc. 灾难、事故等) to cause sb.’s death 夺走,夺去(生命)
句子翻译
1.科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。

Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
2.据说有些医生每周工作80个小时。

It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
pose vt.&vi.作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静
教材重温Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. (P16) 昨晚,我看了《梁祝》的演出,这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲,由何占豪和陈钢创作。

语境速测单句语法填空
①And in that short time, he composed(compose) a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.
②(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition(compose) of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.
词块必记
(1)compose oneself使自己静下心来
compose a poem/a letter/a sentence/a mail
写一首诗/一封信/一个句子/一封邮件
be composed of=be made up of =consist of
由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家
(3)composition n.组成,成分
the composition of... ……的成分
写作金句
The committee is composed of MPs, doctors, academics and members of the public.
委员会由议员、医生、学者和普通民众组成。

2.deserve vt.值得,应得
教材重温It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard. (P16) 这首乐曲确实值得一听。

语境速测单句语法填空
①If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves(deserve) a verbal reward.
②His music deserved to be preserved(preserve) in the family.
完成句子
③I like films where the bad guys get what they deserve.
我喜欢坏人罪有应得的电影。

④The public hold the belief that the local industry deserved developing.公众认为当地的工业值得发展。

词块必记
(1)deserve sth. 值得……
deserve consideration/attention/respect
值得考虑/关注/尊敬
deserve punishment 应受惩罚
(2)deserve to do sth. 值得做……
(3)deserve to do sth.,deserve后接不定式,若该动词表示主动意义,则用不定式的主动式;若该动词表示被动意义,则用不定式的被动式。

sth. deserve(s) doing= sth. deserve(s) to be done
值得做……
sb. deserves a medal 给某人授勋
get what one deserve(s) 罪有应得
写作金句
All the doctors and nurses deserve a medal for all their efforts in the fight against the COVID-19. 所有的医生和护士都应该因他们在抗击新冠肺炎中所付出的心血而授勋。

3.whisper vt.&vi.耳语,低语;私下说;沙沙作响n.低语;轻柔的声音;传言
教材重温When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. (P16) 当梁山伯和祝英台这两个恋人初次见面时,音乐轻盈宜人,仿佛在对观众耳语。

语境速测单句语法填空
①His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering(whisper) support.
②I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
③There are whispers(whisper) that the actor was seen checking into a hospital last week.
完成句子
④It is whispered that there will be a new leader in charge of the company. 有传言说,将有一位新的领导者管理公司。

⑤We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby in sleep. 我们小声说话,怕吵醒正在睡觉的宝宝。

词块必记
(1)whisper about sth. 低声说某事
whisper to sb. 跟某人低语
whisper in one’s ear在某人耳边低语
It is whispered that... 私下说;秘密告诉;悄声暗示
(2)speak in whispers 小声说话
写作金句
When these breezes reached the platform, the palm leaves would whisper.
微风吹到露台时,棕榈叶片发出簌簌的低吟。

4.surroundings n.周围,环境
教材重温The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings.(P17)简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常让人联想到乡村环境。

语境速测单句语法填空
①Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.
②Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.
③We decided to explore the surrounding(surround) countryside in the evening.
完成句子
④People have lived in very comfortable surroundings in the past two decades.
在过去的二十年里,人们生活的环境很舒适。

词块必记
(1) surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
(2)surround v.围绕,环绕,包围
surround...with... 用……包围
be surrounded by 被……包围
发散思维
surroundings、environment和circumstance均表示“环境”之意。

surroundings指周围的环境;environment指自然环境;circumstance指条件、环境、状况,常用复数形式;under/in no circumstances 指“决不,无论如何也不”。

写作金句
Some butterflies blend in with their surroundings so that it’s difficult to see them.
有些蝴蝶能和周围的环境融为一体,所以很难看见它们。

5.guarantee vt.保证,担保;确保;为(产品)提供保修n.保证,担保;保修单
教材重温I guarantee you’ll enjoy it! (P17)
我保证您会喜欢的!
语境速测单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
②Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing(guarantee) the fastest possible language learning.
③This latest incident is guaranteed(guarantee) to make the situation worse.
完成句子
④We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
我们保证一周内交货。

⑤The watch I bought last month is still under guarantee.
我上个月买的手表还在保修期内。

词块必记
(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定会做某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内,在担保期内
with a year’s guarantee有一年的保修期
give sb.a guarantee(that...) 向某人保证(……)
a guarantee of sth. 对某事的保证
写作金句We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialize.
我们保证你将找到一个可以社交的团体。

6.accompany vt.陪同,陪伴;伴随,与……同时发生;为……伴奏
教材重温Yes, the Beatles’s music has accompanied me throughout my life. (P23)
是的,甲壳虫乐队的音乐伴随着我一生。

语境速测单句语法填空
①Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied(accompany) by the touching words:“What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.”
②Daniel wanted the young man to accompany him on violin.
③His faithful old dog accompanies(accompany) him everywhere he goes.
完成句子
④No matter how busy they are, parents should spare some time to accompany their children.
无论有多忙,父母都应该抽出一些时间来陪伴他们的孩子。

词块必记
(1)accompany sb.to... 陪某人去……
be accompanied by 伴随;由……陪同
(2)company n.陪伴
companion n.陪伴;伴侣;同伴
in company with 与……一起
keep sb. company 做伴;陪伴
写作金句Accompanying their children in school might give more pressure to them unconsciously, which is opposite to parents’ original intention. 陪读可能会无意中给孩子增加压力,这与父母的初衷相反。

7.possess vt.具有(特质);拥有;支配,控制
教材重温... a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection ...” (P26)
……这是我曾经拥有的最完美的感觉……
语境速测单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession(possess) of a valid ticket before boarding.
②There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed(possess) in young children.
③ We were told that we could take only a few personal possessions(possess) with us.
完成句子
④The caller says he possesses valuable data about the museum. 来电者说他拥有有关博物馆的宝贵数据。

词块必记
(1)possess rich mineral deposits/a licence for a car
拥有丰富的矿藏/一辆汽车的执照
possess valuable data 掌握珍贵的数据
possess oneself 自制
be possessed of 拥有,具有,占有
(2) possession n.拥有;个人财产
take/have possession of 占有;拥有
in possession of=in one’s possession
占据,拥有,人作主语
in the possession of 某物为某人所有,物作主语
personal possessions 私人物品
win/get/lose possession of the ball
赢得/得到/失去对球的控制
写作金句We have to possess ourselves when we stand on the stage. 我们在舞台上必须保持镇定。

【备选要点】
abandon vt.中止,放弃,不再有;抛弃;舍弃n.放纵,放任
教材重温Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. (P26) 然而,即使在他最黑暗的时刻,贝多芬也从未放弃过希望。

语境速测单句语法填空
①Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.
②They danced wildly down the street, abandoning themselves(them) to the night and the moon. 完成句子
③They had to abandon their favorite town to the invading forces. 他们不得不舍弃喜爱的小镇,让侵略军占领。

词块必记
(1)abandon sth. to sth. 舍弃……成为……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
(2)abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于,陷入
(3)abandon sth. to sb./sth. 把……让给……
with abandon 放任地;放纵地
abandoned adj.被遗弃的;抛弃的;自我放任的
写作金句The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.
发出了弃船的命令,数百人跳入了冰冷的水中。

8.tear apart n.使(关系密切的人)分离,分开;把……撕成碎片;使(某人)极其难受
教材重温The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families. (P16)这首乐曲带我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事,故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。

语境速测单句语法填空
①A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
②Our dog tore(tear) my toy bear apart when we went out last night.
③Seeing the children suffer really tears(tear) me apart.
完成句子
④I would never have believed then, that jealousy would tear apart our friendship.
那时我永远不会相信,嫉妒会撕裂我们的友谊。

词块必记
(1)separate...from把……和……分开
(2)divide...into... 把……分成……
(3)tear at sth. 撕扯……
tear sth. up 撕毁,撕碎(文件等)
tear down 拆掉,拆除
tear off 撕下,扯掉
tear oneself away from sth. 依依不舍地离开,忍痛离去
写作金句Nothing can tear apart my family.
没有什么能拆散我的家庭。

9.rely on 依赖,依靠;信任
教材重温My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. (P17) 我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的忠实拥护者,因此我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。

语境速测单句语法填空
①As babies, we entirely rely on others for food.
②Students were relying(rely) on the pictures to help them understand.
完成句子
③This second approach relies heavily on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. 第二种方法在很大程度上依赖于查尔斯·达尔文的进化论。

词块必记
(1)rely on/upon sb.to do sth.= rely on/upon sb./sb.’s doing sth.
相信(依赖)某人做某事
rely on sb.for sth. 依靠某人提供某物
rely on it that... 指望/相信……
(2)reliable adj.可依靠的;可依赖的
写作金句What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
而且,他们将不必仅依靠书面文字。

10.throw in 奉送,额外赠送
教材重温Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. (P17) 大多数歌曲都是关于艰难和心碎的,但也有关于希望的——另外也加入了大量的幽默。

语境速测单句语法填空
①We paid $10,000 for the apartment, with the sofa and bed thrown(throw) in.
②When I bought my new glasses, they threw(throw) in a free pair of prescription sunglasses.
完成句子
③You can have the piano for $200, and I’ll throw in the stool as well. 你花200美元就可以买走这架钢琴,另外我也会奉送这张琴凳。

词块必记
(1)throw sb. out (of) 撵走,轰走,逐出
(2)throw away 扔掉
(3)throw up 呕吐
(4)throw over 放弃
(5)throw oneself into sth. 投身于
写作金句If you buy a refrigerator, we will throw in a microwave oven.
如果你买一台电冰箱,我们会免费赠送一台微波炉。

【备选要点】
get down to (doing) sth.开始做某事,开始认真注意(或对待)某事
教材重温A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. (P21)
一群科学家和艺术家决定选择合适的音乐。

语境速测单句语法填空
①Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s get down to some serious work.
②I’ve been trying to phone Charles a ll evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to get through.
③Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
完成句子
④I must get down to booking the hotels.
我得开始预订我们的旅馆了。

词块必记
(1)get sth. across to sb. 把某事向某人讲清楚
(2)get on/along 进展,进步,相处
(3)get over 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态
(4)get through 接通;到达;用完;顺利通过(考试等)
(5)get together 聚会
写作金句Things improved when we got down to the specifics.
情况在我们开始认真讨论细节时有了改善。

11.When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.
当梁山伯和祝英台这两个恋人初次见面时,音乐轻盈宜人,仿佛在对观众耳语。

典型例句All of them stared at him intently, as if trying to understand something.
所有人都目不转睛地盯着他看,似乎想要明白什么。

语境速测完成句子
①Paul shook his head as if to say “Don’t trust her”.
保罗摇了摇头,好像在说“不要相信她”。

②She looks as if she were ten years younger.
她看起来好像年轻了十岁。

句型公式
(1)as if 在句中引导方式状语从句。

(2)as if 与as though用法相同,在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。

(3)as if可以用于省略句中。

如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词。

(4)as if 从句还可以用于虚拟语气中。

当说话人认为句子所陈述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时:
①从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。

You look as if you cared a lot. 你看上去好像很在乎。

②从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had+过去分词
He talks about that star as if he had seen him before.
他说起那个明星的时候好像他以前见过他似的。

③从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形
It looks as if it might rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。

写作金句I love reading because when I read, I feel as if I was communicating with the writer.
我喜欢阅读,因为当我阅读的时候,我觉得自己好像在和作者聊天。

12.Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. 最终,在最激动人心的部分,音乐转向柔和,以苦乐参半的音调结束,告诉我们这对情侣如何变成蝴蝶,飞走之后永远在一起。

典型例句Seizing the chance, she began to work hard towards the goal. 抓住机会,她开始朝目标迈进。

语境速测单句语法填空
①He fell, striking(strike) his head against the desk.
②Having(have) cooked the dinner, the woman went shopping with her close friend.
句型公式
①现在分词作时间状语
While crossing the street, you must be careful.
当你横穿马路时,一定要小心。

②现在分词作结果状语
He fell out of the tree, breaking his leg.
他从树上掉下来,摔断了腿。

③现在分词作原因状语
Living in the country, we can’t get 5G.
因为住在村子里,我们没有5G信号。

④现在分词作条件状语
Studying hard, you will succeed. 努力学习,你就会成功。

⑤现在分词作伴随状语
The teacher came into the classroom carrying some books. 老师拿着几本书走进教室。

写作金句Seeing from the top, I found some different flowers.
从山顶看去,我看到了一些不同的花。

【备选要点】
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. 有一个真正了解他音乐的人让伯牙很高兴,他从不厌倦与钟子期分享他的音乐。

典型例句Swimming is the best exercise in summer.
在夏天, 游泳是最好的锻炼方式。

语境速测单句语法填空
①Watching(watch) too much computer screen does harm to our eyes.
②She couldn’t help thinking(think) about the matter.
句型公式
①动词-ing形式作主语,通常位于句首。

②动词-ing作介词宾语。

③动词-ing形式的逻辑主语常用物主代词或名词所有格表示。

④动词-ing形式作形式主语和宾语时可以有被动形式。

写作金句We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何问题,请告诉我们。

1.Three years later, Jack succeeded in designing furniture and his life has dramatically (dramatic) changed.
2.Sara overcame (overcome) the disadvantages of her background and became an excellent lawyer.
3.She took a few deep breaths (breath) and told herself that she could handle the problem.
4.Martin wouldn’t do anything to damage her family’s reputation (reputation), so he rejected the request.
5.Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned (abandon) the city and moved to safe area.
6.On the court, Carson claimed he was defending (defend) himself when he struck the other man.
7.The new system transformed(transform) the way managers thought about their present strategy.
8.Suddenly she desperately (desperate) wanted him to know the truth and change his mind.
zy as Joe is, he always lies on the sofa after work, staring (stare) into space.
10.The law guarantees (guarantee) equal rights for men and women in every aspect.
think highly of; all of a sudden; tear apart; varieties of; consist of; have roots in; make contributions to; take in; rely on; be capable of; break into; be determined to
1.This learning group consists of five Europeans and three Asians.
2.It was an interesting exhibition, but there was so much to take in at once.
3.The world seemed so joyous and wonderful all of a sudden.
4.The envelope has been torn apart by someone else and the letter is missing.
5.The report was about the different varieties of Spanish spoken in South America.
6.Your boss must think highly of you if she gives you so much responsibility.
7.Jazz has roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the United States.
8.Project Hope has made contributions to both the education and the health of children.
9.I was determined to get this piece of work done, so I went back home late last night.
10.I have some doubts about whether Simon is capable of finishing this experiment.
11.The success of this project relies on everyone in the team.
12.Someone broke into the office while the security guard was making a phone call.
1.It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.
仿写:结果发现,她和他从小就认识。

It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
2.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure.
仿写:带着购买的所需的所有物品,她愉快地回家了。

With all the items she needed bought, she returned home delightfully.
3.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America, but the masters of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like yo u’re there.
仿写:我们的老师告诉我们掌握一门外语是什么感觉。

Our teacher tells us what it’s like to master a foreign language.
4.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
仿写:在这些工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
5.It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft to enter the space between the stars.
仿写:建这座桥用了大约500个工人10年的时间。

It took about 500 workers 10 years to build the bridge.
假定你是李华。

你的英国外教Mr Green非常喜欢中国民间音乐。

请你给他写一封电子邮件,邀请他参加你校组织的师生民乐演奏会,内容包括:
1.提出邀请;
2.演奏会的时间、地点、活动安排等;
3.表达期待。

注意:1.词数为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.可能用到的词汇:民乐演奏会Folk Music Concert
【参考范文】
Dear Mr Green,
There will be a Chinese Folk Music Concert in our school. Knowing that you are interested in Chinese folk music, I’d like to invite you to attend it.
The concert is to be held at 7: 00 p.m. this Sunday in the lecture hall which features a lot of traditional Chinese folk music works. Some teachers and students will play many beautiful music
pieces using traditional instruments such as erhu, pipa, guzheng and so on. I’m sure they will give you a very impressive concert, through which you will learn more about Chinese folk music.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua。