科技英语的文体特点
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计 CPU---- central processing unit (计算机)中央处理器 PVC---- polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 • Acronyms ：AIDS---- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合症) COMSAT---- communication + satellite 通讯卫星 • Blends: smog = smoke + fog 烟雾
Stylistic Features of the English of Science and Technology
EST
• The English of science and technology (EST) is actually a big variety.
• It includes the English of chemistry, the English of physics, the English of mathematics, the English of biology, the English of medicine, etc. But, generally speaking, the English of all scientific fields have something in common and on which we base our studies.
Difference in style
• Lexically, in the first passage, we can see the frequent use of favorable adjectives and nouns, such as noble, infinite, express, admirable, angel, God, beauty, paragon. While in the second one, we find technical terms of biology predominate the whole text, such as metazoan, triploblastic, choral, vertebrate, pentadactyl, mammalian, eutherian, primate, etc.
eg. stratosphere (同温层), seismology (地震学) polysomic (多倍体的), leukocyte (白细胞), sequoia (红杉)…
Many of the highly technical words remain foreign to outsiders, even to educated native speakers.
• And the sentences are usually long; therefore, commas are used to set off some elements of the sentence from what proceeds, and what follows.
• Parentheses(圆括号） are used to enclose supplementary details.
Difference in style
• Graphologically, in the first passage the typical feature is the frequent use of exclamation marks (which show feelings); while in the second passage, the frequent use of commas (which offer information).
Compare the following two passages about man
• What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculties! In form and moving, how express and admirable! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a God! The beauty of the word! The paragon of animals!
3.Lexical Features
Semi-technical words refer to words that have the same or slightly different meaning in several scientific or technical disciplines, but have meaning different from their non-technical use, such as cat family, force arm, solid matter, horse power, saline solution, etc.
ecosys =ecology + system 生态系统 modem = modulator + demodulator 调制解调器 transistor = transfer + resistor 晶体管
3.Lexical Features
• common words with specific meaning • Eg: (a) The reflected light was taken in by
the transducer. (b) The reflected light was absorbed by
3.Lexical Features
• EST vocabulary usually consists of the following kinds of words:
• a) common words with specific meaning; • b) highly technical words(纯技术词）; • c) semi-technical words; （半技术词） • d) noun compounds; • e) nominalization； • f) newly coined words.（新词）
• Man is metazoan, triploblastic, vertebrate pentadactyl, mammalian, eutherian, primate... The main outline of each of his principal system of organs may be traced back, like those of other mammals, to the fishes.
Difference in style
• Syntactically, in the first passage, we can find the frequent use of exclamatory sentences as well as two short sentence fragments in order to express feelings; while in the second passage, both sentences are complete declarative sentences with the purpose of giving information.
theபைடு நூலகம்transducer.
3.Lexical Features
Highly technical words are often used for a particular scientific discipline, usually formed from elements provided by Greek or Latin, such as the words like metazoen, triploblastic, chodal, vertebrate, pentadactyl etc.
Difference in style
• Semantically, in the first passage, figurative language used in order to show a strong feeling, especially the use of the metaphor (piece of work), hyperbole and metaphor (the beauty of the world; the paragon of animals), and similes (like an angel; like a God). As a result, man is greatly praised. While in the second passage, all the words are used in their conceptual meanings. The tone is factual, and impersonal. Hence the information of how man came into being is clearly revealed.
1. Requirements of EST
• 1. Objectivity (客观性) • 2. Clarity (明确性) • 3. Accuracy (准确性) • 4. Formality (正式)
2.Graphological Features
• 1. Generally speaking, EST makes full use of graphological devices. First, scientists tend to use visual aids more than other people, such as pictures, tables, charts, formulae, etc. in order to explain matters clearly.
2.Graphological Features
• 2. As far as punctuation is concerned, the most frequently used marks are the full stop, the comma, and the parentheses. This is due to the nature of EST writing.
3.Lexical Features
• noun compounds: n+n, adj+n, prep+n • Proper nouns(专有名词）：ampere 安培; volt 伏特，Doppler
effect 多普勒效应 • Abbreviations ：CAD---- computer-aided design计算机辅助设
• Of all the scientific fields, we usually subdivide them into two main varieties: the English of specialized science and technology (ESST), and the English of common science and technology (ECST).
2.Graphological Features
• As the basic function of EST is to inform, therefore objective statements are the most preferred sentence type, thus the full stop.
Stylistic Features of the English of Science and Technology
EST
• The English of science and technology (EST) is actually a big variety.
• It includes the English of chemistry, the English of physics, the English of mathematics, the English of biology, the English of medicine, etc. But, generally speaking, the English of all scientific fields have something in common and on which we base our studies.
Difference in style
• Lexically, in the first passage, we can see the frequent use of favorable adjectives and nouns, such as noble, infinite, express, admirable, angel, God, beauty, paragon. While in the second one, we find technical terms of biology predominate the whole text, such as metazoan, triploblastic, choral, vertebrate, pentadactyl, mammalian, eutherian, primate, etc.
eg. stratosphere (同温层), seismology (地震学) polysomic (多倍体的), leukocyte (白细胞), sequoia (红杉)…
Many of the highly technical words remain foreign to outsiders, even to educated native speakers.
• And the sentences are usually long; therefore, commas are used to set off some elements of the sentence from what proceeds, and what follows.
• Parentheses(圆括号） are used to enclose supplementary details.
Difference in style
• Graphologically, in the first passage the typical feature is the frequent use of exclamation marks (which show feelings); while in the second passage, the frequent use of commas (which offer information).
Compare the following two passages about man
• What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculties! In form and moving, how express and admirable! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a God! The beauty of the word! The paragon of animals!
3.Lexical Features
Semi-technical words refer to words that have the same or slightly different meaning in several scientific or technical disciplines, but have meaning different from their non-technical use, such as cat family, force arm, solid matter, horse power, saline solution, etc.
ecosys =ecology + system 生态系统 modem = modulator + demodulator 调制解调器 transistor = transfer + resistor 晶体管
3.Lexical Features
• common words with specific meaning • Eg: (a) The reflected light was taken in by
the transducer. (b) The reflected light was absorbed by
3.Lexical Features
• EST vocabulary usually consists of the following kinds of words:
• a) common words with specific meaning; • b) highly technical words(纯技术词）; • c) semi-technical words; （半技术词） • d) noun compounds; • e) nominalization； • f) newly coined words.（新词）
• Man is metazoan, triploblastic, vertebrate pentadactyl, mammalian, eutherian, primate... The main outline of each of his principal system of organs may be traced back, like those of other mammals, to the fishes.
Difference in style
• Syntactically, in the first passage, we can find the frequent use of exclamatory sentences as well as two short sentence fragments in order to express feelings; while in the second passage, both sentences are complete declarative sentences with the purpose of giving information.
theபைடு நூலகம்transducer.
3.Lexical Features
Highly technical words are often used for a particular scientific discipline, usually formed from elements provided by Greek or Latin, such as the words like metazoen, triploblastic, chodal, vertebrate, pentadactyl etc.
Difference in style
• Semantically, in the first passage, figurative language used in order to show a strong feeling, especially the use of the metaphor (piece of work), hyperbole and metaphor (the beauty of the world; the paragon of animals), and similes (like an angel; like a God). As a result, man is greatly praised. While in the second passage, all the words are used in their conceptual meanings. The tone is factual, and impersonal. Hence the information of how man came into being is clearly revealed.
1. Requirements of EST
• 1. Objectivity (客观性) • 2. Clarity (明确性) • 3. Accuracy (准确性) • 4. Formality (正式)
2.Graphological Features
• 1. Generally speaking, EST makes full use of graphological devices. First, scientists tend to use visual aids more than other people, such as pictures, tables, charts, formulae, etc. in order to explain matters clearly.
2.Graphological Features
• 2. As far as punctuation is concerned, the most frequently used marks are the full stop, the comma, and the parentheses. This is due to the nature of EST writing.
3.Lexical Features
• noun compounds: n+n, adj+n, prep+n • Proper nouns(专有名词）：ampere 安培; volt 伏特，Doppler
effect 多普勒效应 • Abbreviations ：CAD---- computer-aided design计算机辅助设
• Of all the scientific fields, we usually subdivide them into two main varieties: the English of specialized science and technology (ESST), and the English of common science and technology (ECST).
2.Graphological Features
• As the basic function of EST is to inform, therefore objective statements are the most preferred sentence type, thus the full stop.