2021高考英语冲刺讲义第13讲(学生版)

Passage 7
Pence said 21 positive results had been recorded – 19 crew members and two passengers – and that “those that will need to be quarantined will be quarantined. Those who will require medical help will receive it.” He urged elderly Americans to consider carefully taking future cruises during the crisis.
Passage 8
There is little detail as to where quarantined and sick passengers will be taken. Previously, military sites have been used to quarantine holidaymakers from the Diamond Princess, moored off Yokohama. On the Grand Princess, some passengers have already complained about the handling of the situation, saying they learned of the coronavirus cases from media reports, and there are concerns for one passenger who has stage 4 cancer.
【知识点梳理】
卧龙先生曰：在英语写作中，状语前置其实是一种非常常见的用法，它其实就是把由一个副词、介词、分词、动词不定式或某些固定搭配形成的小短语放在句首，这样可以使句子看起来长短结合，富有节奏感~！
献计献策—状语前置有四种常见形式
1.单独一个副词形成的状语前置
Naturally, if an applicant's credentials have obvious inconsistencies, the essay will need to address those as well.
自然的，如果一个应聘者的文凭有明显的矛盾，那么在文中应该说明清楚。

2.固定短语构成的状语前置
In light of the recent incidents, some cities cancelled Independence Day fireworks displays.
鉴于进来的突发事件，一些城市取消了独立日的烟火表演。

3.分词短语构成的状语提前
By assigning household chores to their kids, parents recognize children's ability to contribute to the running of the home.
通过给孩子们分配一些家务，父母可以认识到孩子们管理家庭的能。

4.介词短语构成的状语前置
By the creek, my mind was free to wander.
在小溪边，我的思维可以自由驰骋。

5.With+名词短语的状语前置
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.
伴着一声叹息，她往后一靠，闭上了眼睛。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.单独一个副词形成的状语前置
当然，每种思维都有其优势和局限性。

Certainly, each kind of thought has its advantages and limitations.
传统上，孩子们从中学开始学习外语，但一些教育学家认为应该让他们更早地去学习。

Traditionally, children start to learn foreign language during middle school time, however, some educators believe they are supposed to start earlier.
固定短语构成的状语前置
事实上，我们并没有决定性证据来证明人类的行为对地表温度有任何影响。

In fact, we have no cru cial evidence to prove that humans’ behaviors have any effect on the surface temperature.
无一例外，转学生们都有他们特殊而切实的理由从一所学校转去另一所。

With no exception/ Without exception, transfer students have special and practical reasons for moving from one school to another.
除了金钱上的利益，这个工作还能带来知识上的回报。

(intellectual rewards)
In addition to the financial benefits, the job also brings intellectual rewards.
总之，我相信我的生活经验以及严谨的学术教育会帮助我追求成功的职业生涯。

In conclusion, I believe that my life experience and rigorous academic education will help me pursue a successful career.
为了在任何社会团体中成为好成员，每个个人都必须尊重和遵守他们社区的规则并且分享他们的价值观。

In order to be a good member of any social group, individuals must respect and abide by the rules of their community and share their values.
2.分词短语构成的状语提前
考虑到这个选择，他会牺牲高薪的工作来换取更多的闲暇时光。

Given this choice, he would sacrifice a well-paid job for more leisure time.
简单来说，人们的生产力和乐趣大大削弱。

Simply put, people's productivity and fun are greatly diminished.
基于相同的本质，我发现可以从航海和音乐中提取相同的方法。

Based on the same essence, I found that I could extract the same method from navigation and music
逐渐克服恐惧以后，我开始着手探险，并且用父亲的指南针绘制了大量的地图。

Gradually getting over my fear, I set out to explore and drew a lot of maps with my father's compass
3.介词短语构成的状语前置
在学校里，孩子们会和来自不同背景的人一起生活。

In school, children live with people from different backgrounds.
这样，刚毕业的大学生可以感受到一种强烈的现实感在等着他们。

(sense of the reality)
In this way, fresh graduates can feel a strong sense of the reality waiting for them.
4.With+名词短语的状语前置
本着政治意愿，这些方法可以真正减少我们生产的垃圾数量。

With political will, these methods can actually reduce the amount of waste we produce.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写(教师指导学生写作，注意逻辑注意一致性)
卧龙先生曰：在英语写作过程中，可以把一些副词提前，引领整个句子，或者提前到某些形容词的前面。

这些副词主要表示的是程度或者范围的副词，如果放在形容词的前面引导形容词，则可以起到让它们后面的形容词更加明确的作用；放在句首呢，就可以起到整体强调语气的作用！
献计献策—副词提前有三种常见形式
1.adv. + adj.
The ability to speak English is increasingly important in a global society.
这个全球化的社会中，说英语的能力越来越重要了。

2.adv. + v.
He completely dominates the family.
这个家完全由他主导。

3.adv.，XXX...
Historically, American workers have been mercilessly exploited by the big corporations.
从历史上来看，美国工人被大公司残忍的剥削着.
铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.adv. + adj.
把房间的墙壁涂成白色会使成本大大提高。

Painting the walls of the room white will greatly increase the cost.
去年的销售量比2012年略微高一点。

Sales last year were slightly higher than in 2012
他比以前明显开朗了很多。

He was much more open than before.
即使由于全球经济发展减缓，旅行的费用对于大多数人来说仍然相对可以承担。

Even as the global economy slows, traveling fee is still relatively affordable for most people.
2.adv. + v.
他能成功地和别人交流自己的想法，并让他们采纳他的建议。

He can successfully communicate his ideas to others and get them to follow his advice.
他们在经济上和感情上都依赖于父母的支持。

They are financially and emotionally dependent on their parents for support.
这种药治不好病，它仅仅只能缓解疼痛。

This medicine won't cure the disease; it only/merely relieves the pain.
这个产品的成功不仅仅归功于广告推广。

The success of this product is more than just an advertisement.
3.adv.，XXX...
同样的，在男校里的男生们更有可能去学习烹饪课和语言课这些在传统意义上都是女生们才会上的课。

Similarly, boys in all-boys schools are more likely to take cooking and language classes that traditionally have been taken by girls.
通常，挪威人能比其他国家的登山者早两个小时登上山顶。

Usually, Norwegians can reach the top of the mountain two hours before climbers from other countries.
很有希望的是，因为我之前的经历，我可以提早开始学习演讲和语言学。

Hopefully, because of my previous experience, I can start studying speech and linguistics early.
卧龙先生曰：本计简单来说，就是在一句比较冗长的句子中加入一些小的短语，用逗号隔开来。

这不仅可以使句子看起来更加舒服，读起来也更附有节奏感。

这些短语作为句中简单的插入语，可以是表示修饰逻辑的关系短语，抑或是一些表示程度的副词。

献计献策—句子中“插科打诨”的三种常见形式
1.句子中插入修饰性小短语
句中插入一个表示修饰性的短语，补充说明所描述事件的特点。

I think that, given my academic and cultural background, I would fit in well with the student life and
contribute to my school.
考虑到我学术和文化的背景，我认为我能很好地荣誉到校园生活中，并且为学校做贡献。

2.句子中插入表示逻辑关系的短语
句中插入一个表示逻辑关系的小短语，用逗号连接，起到承接的作用。

Harvard,above all others, can guide me toward the life of greatness.
除此之外，哈佛可以指引我通向人生的高峰。

3.句子中插入表示程度的副词
句子插入一个表示程度的短语，用逗号连接，起到强调作用。

Politics is,fundamentally, not a moral profession.
政治根本不是什么讲道义的职业。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.句子中插入修饰性小短语
比如体育明星和流行歌手，将在不久以后被更有活力的年轻一代所替代。

Sports stars and pop stars, for example, will soon be replaced by a younger, more energetic generation.
购物作为我们日常生活必备的一部分，在北美已经越来越耗时了。

Shopping, part of our daily lives, has become increasingly time-consuming in North America
这是我的职责去想学校反映以一些和学生有关的事，特别是一些不公平的事，从而来表达我对这些政策的意见。

It is my duty to express my opinions, especially some unfair issues, on these policies to the school by reflecting on some issues related to students.
2.句子中插入表示逻辑关系的短语
然而，知识只是其中小部分的疑惑。

Knowledge , however, is only a small part of the puzzle.
我也计划在毕业以后住在小镇上。

I also plan to live in a small town after graduation.
如果是这样的话，许多科学家相信人们的行为对于近来地球变暖趋势的影响很小。

If so, many scientists believe that human behavior has little impact on the recent warming trend.
我们终会死亡，正因为如此，我们应该珍惜生命中的每一刻。

We all die, and that's why we should treasure every moment of our lives.
3.句子中插入表示程度的副词
网络，简单来说就是全世界数以千计的电脑满屏的信息的集合。

The web, in short, is a collection of thousands of computers around the world that fill up with
information.
在这个部分，我们将了解一种特殊的体系结构类型，即业务体系结构。

In this section, we will look at a particular type of architecture, that is to say, business architecture.
考虑过后，我悲伤地意识到现在的高中生和我以前高中生时并未有所不同。

After thinking about it, I realized sadly that today's high school students are no different from my former high school students.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写.
卧龙先生曰：在写作的过程中，往往惯性思维地选择用主动语态。

然而，在大量主动语态的句型中加入一些变化也可以使文章耳目一新，巧用被动语态中的一些固定用法，或者注意被动相结合的句式，可以让相对平实的文章满血复活！
献计献策—两种常见的被动语态形式
1.常见的被动语态固定用法
我们常常可以用“It is + 动词的过去分词+ that“
It is noticeable that women do not have the rivalry that men have.
显而易见的是女性没有像男性那样争强好胜。

1)It is reported that the impact of Internet on the whole world is difficult to quantify.
据报道互联网对于整个世界的影响是难以衡量的。

2.主被动相结合
在句子中并列不同的内容，这些内容包括主动形式和被动形式，可以让句子更富有变化。

2)Such professionals should be much better appreciated and better paid.
这些专家应该被更加赏识和获得更好的报酬。

3)Adult’s brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates learning another
language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhabited by self-consciousness.
不像青少年一样，他们的头脑不是由自觉意识所支配，成年人的头脑仍然设定好去主动获得他们
的母语，从而促进他们学习其他的语言。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.常见的被动语态固定用法
人们相信足球会使他们融入一个大家庭，在那里大家可以共享世界各地的经历和生活方式。

Football is believed to bring them into a family where they can share experiences and lifestyles from all over the world.
老年妇女长期定期摄入可乐与骨质疏松之间的联系已被证实。

A link between regular intake of cola and osteoporosis in older women has been established.
至关重要的是他需要尽可能地自然行事。

It is essential that he act as naturally as possible
科学家已证实长期置身于现代城市的高强度噪音中会导致听力损耗和血压升高。

It has been proved by scientists that prolonged exposure to high levels of noise in modern cities can lead to hearing loss and increased blood pressure.
人们普遍认为，可口可乐承载着美国文化的精神和精髓，没有任何其他的美国产品可以与之相媲美。

It is widely believed that Coca-Cola carries the spirit and essence of American culture like no other American product.
不可否认的是，对人的灵魂的教育与洗礼，应该是教育的一条内在的真正贯穿始终的主线。

It is undeniable that the education and baptism of the human soul should be an inner thread of
education.
2.主被动相结合
我学会了更加关注自己表现得如何，我也变得更紧张。

I learned to focus more on how I performed, and I became more nervous.
美国是世界主要强国，每个关系全球影响力的重要议题都来源于这个国家的首都。

The United States is the world's leading power, and every important issue of global influence comes from the nation's capital.
卧龙先生日：倒装是英语写作中的一个重要修辞手法，基本上都学习过，只是不习惯在平时的写作中使用。

其主要作用就是强调，强调各个需要修饰的部分；其次还有一些过渡、描述等作用，即制造悬念渲染气氛，又平衡句子结构。

倒装句的使用不仅丰富了我们的语言表达，还会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力。

献计献策—状语前置有四种常见形式
1.表示强调的倒装
1)only+状语或状语从句置于句首，句子部分倒装；
2)not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句
首，句子部分倒装；
3)so / such…that结构中的so / such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句，强调so / such和that之间的部
分。

例如：
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2.表示过渡衔接的倒装
倒装可以把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更紧密，起到承上启下的作用。

Not only should the parents spend more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often.
父母不仅应该多花时间陪自己的孩子，而且也应该试着多和孩子沟通。

3.制造悬念，渲染气氛
在写作过程中，有时作者也可以为了内容的需要或者为了强调，运用倒装来制造悬念，渲染气氛。

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting.
墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

Strange as it may seem，parents‘attention sometimes hinders students’ academic progress.
看起来很奇怪的是，父母的关注有时会阻碍学生的学习进步。

4.平衡句子结构
1)当句子以作状语的介词短语作为开头，如果主语较长或主语所带的修饰语较长时，为了平衡句子结
构，常将状语置于句首，句子用完全倒装语序；
2)以副词here/there开头的句子，也可采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.表示强调的倒装
只有通过这个方式才能有效地控制儿童肥胖这个问题。

Only in this way can the problem of childhood obesity be effectively controlled.
在任何情况下，老师都不应该体罚学生。

Under no circumstances should teachers corporal punishment students.
人们在面试的时候决不能说这样的事。

Under no circumstances should people say such things in an interview.
他开的价格太离谱了,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

So unreasonable was the price he offered that everyone was astonished.
没有比互联网和邮件更为合适的可以进行直接销售的工具了。

No better tool is there for direct sales than the Internet and mail.
2.表示过渡衔接的倒装
确实熟能生巧，但是学习外语同样重要的是对于细节的持续关注。

It's true that practice makes perfect, but just as important in learning a foreign language is constant attention to detail.
孩子们不仅可以提高他们的心血管和肌肉力量、持久力、灵活度和手眼协调，而且还能使他们学会坚持不懈、制定目标和处理成败的能力。

Not only can children improve their cardiovascular and muscular endurance, flexibility and hand-eye coordination, but they can also learn to set goals consistently and deal with success or failure.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写
卧龙先生日：“排成队”顾名思义就是几个词连用，形成排比。

同理，当我们在写作的过程中，把几个副词进行连用，形成排比，达到气势磅礴的效果，不仅可以拉长句子，而且还能使句子读起来一气呵成，给阅卷者带来相当强烈的震慑作用。

献计献策—状语前置有四种常见形式
1.副词连用于句末
句末两个或两个以上副词进行连用…v.+adv.+and+adv. / …v.+adv., adv.+and+adv.
Athletes tend to move gracefully, energetically and powerfully.
运动员往往是优雅地、有活力和有力量地运动着。

2.副词连用于句中
在句中两个或两个以上副词连用进行修饰。

After the surgery, most young patients feel physically and mentally back to normal within a week.
在术后，大多数年轻的病人都会在一周内感到身体上和精神上恢复正常。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.副词连用于句末
一些人争论认为新的指导方法论可以在智力上和情绪上帮助学生。

Some people argue that the new guidance methodology can help students intellectually and emotionally.
他闭上了眼睛，摒弃了一切杂念，平心静气地坐着。

He closed his eyes, dismissed all distractions, and sat calmly.
该装置在实际工程中的应用表明，其运行稳定可靠。

The application of the device in practical engineering shows that its operation is stable and reliable.
小康社会不仅要解决温饱问题，还要将人们的生活标准提升到一个较高的水平，在文化和教育方面都有所提升。

A well-off society should not only solve the problem of food and clothing, but also raise people's living
standards to a higher level and improve their culture and education.
2.副词连用于句中
现在大家可以从我们便捷的服务台和工作站快速、便宜以及容易地获得所有资料。

Now you can get all the information quickly, cheaply and easily from our convenient information desk and workstation.
他引用研究结果表明，接受家庭教育的孩子在以后的学业上和社会上的表现都略胜一筹。

He cites research showing that children who are home-schooled do better academically and socially later on.
如何使这一过程高效、经济依然是个有待解决的技术问题。

How to make this process efficient and economical is still a technical problem to be solved.
最后，协调国际行动，为明天着想，将世界经济推向一个节省、环保、可持续发展的路子，从而达到增长与复兴。

Finally, coordinate international action for the sake of tomorrow and put the world economy on a path of economic growth and renewal that is environmentally sound and sustainable.
卧龙先生曰：在写作的过程中总会存在某些定式思维，习惯性地在一些情况下使用某些词的常用词性。

其实可以改变词性，这样做可以带来意想不到的效果，除了能“独辟蹊径”地完成任务，还能让句子呈现出更多样化的效果。

献计献策—三种“神样”的转换形式
1.动词与抽象名词之间的相互转换
人们都很焦虑因为传统价值观念正在逐渐消失。

改变前：People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.
改变后：People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.
可以看出，动词和抽象名词之间的互换往往可以使我们把句子写得更加灵活多样。

在此，总结下类似的作文中常用的一些变化，见下表总结：
V.N.V.N.
improve improvement explore exploration
intend to intention discover discovery
graduate graduation aspire aspiration
decide decision provide provision
2.形容词和抽象名词之间的相互转换
作为一个成年人，你应该表现得成熟些，要为其他健身会员着想。

改变前：As an adult, you should show some maturity and be considerate of other gym members.
改变后：As an adult, you should show mature minds and behaviors and be considerate of other gym
members.
可以看出形容词和名词之间的互换也是相当常见，如果可以灵活运用，也能使句子产生不同的效果。

下表列举了较为常见的形容词和名词之间的互换：
Adj.N.Adj.N.
generous generosity disastrous disaster
possible possibility environmental environment
happy happiness governmental government
applicable applicability technological technology
optimistic optimism stable stability
3.名词、动词和形容词之间的神转换
在家远程上班可以给员工和雇主都带来很多好处。

改变前：Telecommuting can bring benefits to both employees and employers.
改变后1：Both employees and employers can benefit from telecommuting.
改变后2：Telecommuting is beneficial to both employees and employers.
改变后3：Both employees and employers can be beneficiaries（受益者） of telecommuting.
铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.动词与抽象名词之间的相互转换
两个公司被联合起来以减少竞争。

The two companies were banded together to reduce competition.
2.形容词和抽象名词之间的相互转换
年轻父母总发现他们作为父母的责任重大。

Young parents always find their responsibilities as parents great.
3.名词、动词和形容词之间的神转换
把人工制品与天然品一比，其差别是很明显的。

The difference between artificial and natural products is obvious.
这些变化在20世纪90年代对不同地区产生不同的影响。

These changes had different effects on different regions in the 1990s.
当你被某个人吸引的时候，就意味着你潜意识里被他的潜意识下意识地吸引着。

When you are attracted to someone, it means you are subconsciously attracted to their subconscious subconsciously.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写
卧龙先生日：强调是语法学习中比较常用的知识点，语法规则难度不大，但却往往还是不习惯在写作过程中应用这个语法点。

比较常用的强调句型无非就是“It is… that…”或者“It is... who…”这两种句型，表达出中文“正是……导致了……”的意思，只是强调的部分不同而已。

在写作过程中多尝试运用强调句，也能带来不错的效果。

献计献策—状语前置有四种常见形式
1.强调主语
通常使用“It is / was + subject + that / who”的句型来对主语部分进行强调。

However, it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.
然而，只有那些在他们的职业领域达到高峰的人们才能获得高薪。

2.强调宾语
通常使用“It is / was + object + that / who”的句型来对宾语部分进行强调。

It was the fence that Tom painted white yesterday.
这个栅栏是汤姆昨天刷白的。

3.强调地点状语
通常使用“It is + 地点状语+ that”的句型来对地点状语进行强调。

It was not in the street that I saw her.
我不是在街上见到他的。

4.强调时间状语
通常使用“It is+时间状语+that”；“It is not until+时间状语+that”的句型来对地点状语进行强调。

It was at midnight that he got home yesterday.
他昨天是半夜到家的。

5.强调介词短语
通常使用“It is+介词短语+that”的句型来对介词短语部分进行强调。

It was by the end of the last term that we had finished Comprehensive Reading.
直到上个学期末我们才学完了《综合阅读》。

6.其他强调
当句子中没有其他的助动词时，可以在动词前使用助动词do表示对该动词的强调。

I do hope he will pass the exam this time.
我确实希望他这次可以通过考试。

Not a word did she say during the discussion.
她在讨论中一句话也没说。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1.强调主语
通常都是总统而不是内阁成员向公众提出呼吁。

It is usually the President, not the cabinet, who makes the public appeal.
尽管朋友对青少年的性格塑造肯定有很大的影响，但是父母和兄弟姐妹们对他们性格的形成会产生更大的影响。

While friends certainly have a big influence on how teenagers are shaped, parents and siblings have a bigger influence.
2.强调宾语
他昨天在街上碰到的是他的朋友。

It was his friend that he met in the street yesterday.
3.强调地点状语
他在住的宾馆里找到了他的钱包。

He found his wallet in the hotel where he was staying.
4.强调时间状语
可能是昨天这个医生做的手术。

It could be that the doctor did the operation yesterday.
直到18世纪初，这一事件的意义才为公众所熟悉。

It was not until the early 18th century that the significance of the event became familiar to the public.
5.强调介词短语
主要是由于运气而不是判断使司机成功地避免了这次车祸。

It was mainly luck, not judgment, that enabled the driver to avoid the accident.
只有在当地导游的帮助下这个登山队员才获救了。

The climber was rescued only with the help of a local guide.
其他强调
在20世纪30年代汽车行驶速度很慢，但是它们确实比20年代的时候要快很多。

Cars were slow in the 1930s, but they were much faster than in the 1920s.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写
卧龙先生曰：简单说来，就是运用“ (be)+of+抽象名词”的句型，其意思就相当于其中那个名词所对应的形容词，用来说明某种特征或属性。

这种句式其实很好模仿，但是由于我们总是习惯性地使用形容词，所以平时并不常使用“of+抽象名词”的用法。

献计献策—“of”小词显神功
1.Whether people in the developing world are suffering is of no interest to many wealthy citizens in industrial
countries.
工业化国家富裕的居民对发展中国家人们是否生活在苦难中毫无兴趣。

2.I believe the speech will be of important significance to this summit, as well as the future development of the
world media industry.
我认为，这个演讲不仅对于本次峰会，而且对于世界传媒业今后发展都具有十分重要的意义。

3.And more important than the quantity of hours we spend with them is the quality of those hours.
比我们陪伴他们度过大量时间更重要的是要提高我们与他们共度时间的质量。

of后常跟的抽象名词包括:
importance/ help/ value/ interest/ significance/ necessity/ quality/ impact/ use等等。

铁索连环—根据要求翻译下列句子
1. 化石燃料对于工业、交通和旅游业的发展很重要。

Fossil fuels are important for the development of industrial transportation and tourism.
2. 在沙漠地区水是维持生命的必需品。

Water is necessary to sustain life in desert areas.
3. 一些科技，比如致使大规模毁灭的武器有巨大的负面影响。

Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, have enormous negative effects.
草船借鉴—选择其中两个进行仿写
卧龙先生日：在学习写作的过程中总是习惯性地想要把句子写长，仿佛句子越长就越能体现出我们的写作水平。

当然，写长句确实可以在某些方面体现出驾驭一些语法点的能力，但是如果通篇的长句连在一起，会给人冗长繁琐的沉重感。

于是，在这种时候学会长短句交替写作，往往会使人眼前一亮。

献计献策—长短句交替奏响美作之曲。