2020新牛津译林 高一英语 Book 3 Unit2 重点解析

Book3 Unit2 Natural disasters
一、词汇派生
1．injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤→injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害→injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的
2．reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应→react vi. 回应，（对……）做出反应
3．confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信→confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书
4．occur vi. 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现→occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件
5．approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决→approaching adj. 即将到来的
6．relief n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻，消除→relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务）→relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
7．inform vt. 通知，使知晓→informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的→information n. [U] 信息
二、重点词汇及短语
1. hit vt. & vi. 打击，侵袭；对……产生不良影响，损害
(教材P16) We cannot prevent natural disasters, but is there anything we can do when they hit? 我们不能阻止自然灾害的发生，但是当它们袭来时，我们可以做什么呢？
分析下列各句中hit的词性及含义：
1.The area was hit by the floods. v. 袭击，侵袭
2.The airline industry took a hit last year. n. 打击
3.They played a lot of old hits from the 80s and 90s. n.风行一时的流行歌曲（或唱片）
4.She hit him on the head with her umbrella. vt.（用手或器具）击，打；
5.It hit me that I had a choice. vt. 使突然想起
2. injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害（名誉、自尊等）(教材P16) Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7
killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large整个，全部. 尽管目前灾区总体的伤亡情况是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。

请观察下列句子：
1）Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.
2）This could seriously injure/damage the company's reputation.
3）There were no injuries (=no people injured) in the crash.
4）The injured in the earthquake were sent(send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. 【总结】
1）injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害（名誉、自尊等）2）injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害
3）injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的
常见搭配get injured/hurt 受伤
the injured 伤员（作主语时，谓语动词常用复数）
3. reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应
(教材P16) Her students’ reaction was quick and correct--they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。

请观察下列句子：
1）Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust（锈）.
2）People can react badly to certain food additives.
3）What was his reaction to the news?
4）A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 【用法总结】
react to sth. (by doing sth.) （通过做……）对……作出反应
react with sth. 与……发生化学反应
in reaction to sth. 对某事作出回应
reaction to sb./sth. 对……的反应
4. in case 以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一
(教材P16) At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case
it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开教室的门，以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打开。

请观察下列各句中in case 的用法：
1）I'll stay around in case you need me.
2）In case you should need any help, here's my number.
3）I have also taken out a life insurance policy on him just in case.
【用法总结】
in case意为“以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一”，可引导从句，也可单独使用。

其它用法如下：
（1）用作连词，表示目的，意为“以防（发生某事）”；
（2）用作连词，表示条件，意为“如果，假使”；
（3）用作副词性短语，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。

【相关拓展】与case相关的其他短语：
in case of ... 如果，假使（发生某事）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in that case 如果是那样的话
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in no case 决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装）=in/under no circumstances，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition
【即学即练】翻译句子
1. 如遇火警，即按警铃。

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
2.你决不能在图书馆大声喧哗。

In no case will you make any noise in the library.
3.他又迟到了，他常常这样。

He was late for school, as is often the case.
5. confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信
(教材P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑着，哭着，互相拥抱着。

请观察下列句子：
1）It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
2）His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.
3）It has confirmed me in my decision not to give up my studies.
4）I’m still waiting for confirmation of the test result.
【用法总结】
It is/has been confirmed that ... 已证实……
confirm one’s belief/determination/suspicions 坚定某人的信念/决心;证实某人的猜疑
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书
【即时巩固】
1.His words confirmed me in my belief that our cause was valuable.
2.当被问及时，她确定未经允许学生不应该接近湖边。

（approach）
When asked, she confirmed that students shouldn’t approach the lake without permission.
6. occur vi. [无被动或进行时] 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现
(教材P17) It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。

请观察下列句子：
1）The idea occurred to him in a dream.
2）It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
3）Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
【用法总结】
occur (-occurred-occurred-occurring) 的用法：
1）sth. occurs to sb. （主意或想法等）浮现于某人脑海中
2）It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人想到……
3）occur= exist in 存在于，含有
【即学即练】
1.A good idea occurs to me.
2. _It_ occurred to them that they should hire another secretary.
【词汇辨析】occur vi., happen vi., break out vi., take place vi.
(1)occur与happen均为不及物动词，意思相近，表示“碰巧；（偶然地）发生”，常含有偶然或突发的意味；occur还可表示“（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现”。

二者都没有被动形式，但happen可用于进行时。

(2)break out为不及物动词短语，多指战争、火灾、疾病或疫情等“突然爆发”。

(3)take place为不及物动词短语，意为“发生，举行”，多指某事或某活动按计划发生或举行，没有“偶然”的意味。

7. relief n. 轻松，宽慰；（焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，消除
(教材P17) To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
令她极为欣慰的是，这名官员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。

请观察下列句子：
1）She sighed with relief.
2）It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.
3）This brought considerable relief from the pain.
4）The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork.
【用法总结】
（1）in/with relief 欣慰地，放心地
to one’s (great) relief 令某人（深感）欣慰的是
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事时间让人欣慰/轻松的事。

relief from/of ... ……的减轻/消除
（2）relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务）
relieve one’s pain/pressure 减轻、缓和某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb. of sth. 减轻某人的负担；解除某人的职务
（3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1.Much to my relief （relieve）the car was not damaged.
2.The officer involved was relieved(relieve) of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines.
8. inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉
(教材P17) Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得要让自己对正在发生的事了然于心。

请观察下列句子：
1）Please inform us of any changes of address.
2）I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.
3）Keep me informed of any developments.
4）For further information, write to us at this address.
【用法总结】
（1）inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that/wh-从句通知某人……
（2）informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的
keep sb. informed of ... 使某人了解某事
（3）information un. 信息，消息；情报
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
1.He was informed(inform) that his application was rejected.
2.We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.
3.They often get some information(inform) from the Internet.
三、重点句型
1.(教材P16) The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的好机会。

【句式剖析】本句为主从复合句，逗号前为the moment引导的时间状语，逗号后为主句。

名词短语the moment/minute/second/instant可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，意为“一……就……”。

如：
I recognized him the instant I saw him. 我一眼就认出他来。

【归纳拓展】表示“一……就……”的其他表达：
1.as soon as
2.instantly / immediately/ directly
3.on/ upon +doing
4.no sooner ... than ...
5.hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...
注意no sooner ... than ...与hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...结构中的时态搭配，主句谓语动词使用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句要用一般过去时。

此
外，若把no sooner或hardly/scarcely/barely置于句首，主句要使用部分倒装语序。

如：
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
→Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
1.We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.
2.Hardly had she spoken than she regretted(regret) it bitterly.
3.I remembered her name immediately(immediate) she'd gone.
四、巩固练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 2．A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car.
3．It didn't occur to her to ask for help.
4．She glanced over at James for confirmation(confirm).
5．You'll be relieved(relief) to know your jobs are safe.
6．Hearing the shocking(shock) news, everyone present was thrown into a panic. 7．He warned us of pickpockets.
8．My progress in reading raised my curiosity(curious), and wanted to know everything.
II. 用所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子
break out at large hold on to保住，守住（有利因素）；（过长时间地）保存，保留；坚持（信念）in case the moment be cleared of
1．Systems must also be cleared of redundant data.
2．He remains at large despite the high price put on his head by the authorities. 3．The moment I get the money I'll send the ticket.
4．Bring a map in case you get lost.
5．Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
6．Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
III. 语法填空
The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The
disaster faced by __36__ country is far from over. Many of the fires __37__(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, __38__(result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that __39__(find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done __40__ wildlife. The wildfires are expected __41__(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen __42__(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation __43__(bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made __44__ to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months, __45__ could have a small effect on the planet’s climate.
44.【答案】36. the 37. sent 38. resulting 39. are found 40. to 41.
to continue 42. regularly 43. worse 44.it 45. which。