【2016_2018三年高考真题分类汇编】(单项填空)

2016~2018三年高考真题分类汇编 单项填空
考纲解读
真题链接
一、冠词
【2016·浙江】______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填
B. A ; 不填
C. A ; the
D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。

句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。

第一空填the ，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a 。

故选A 。

二、名词
1.【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the other space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是
激励科学家们去探索外部空间。

A. advice 建议；B. order命令；C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。

故选C。

2.【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption 【答案】D
【解析】考查名词，词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。

A. assignment 分配；B. association 交往；C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。

故选D。

3.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。

condition 条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。

根据句意故选C。

4.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。

A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。

故选D。

5.【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A.recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据，收条；句意：----你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？----当然是尽情享受每一天。

根据句意可知A项意思，与上下文相符。

三、代词
1.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。

句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。

指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。

This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。

故选A。

2.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C. much more
D. many more 【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。

句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。

A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more 更多（修饰可数名词）。

这里修饰的是上文的activities。

故选D。

四、介词和介词短语
1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ nex t Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。

句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。

——早上好。

我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。

make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

另外make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。

2.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first
B. after all
C. above all
D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。

句意：鲍勃认为他不能参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。

A.起初；B.毕竟，终究。

C.首先；D.随便地。

根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。

3.【2018▪江苏】China’s soft power grows ____ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with
B. in reply to
C. in return for
D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。

A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。

故选A。

4.【2017·天津】When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among
B. against
C. behind
D. below
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。

be among 位于之间；be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。

根据句意，故选A。

5.【2017·天津】We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to work hard.
A. On average
B. At best
C. In return
D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。

句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。

A.平均起来，一般说来B.最多，充其量C.作为回报D.毕竟，终究。

根据句意故选C
6.【2017·江苏】Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to
B. in defense of
C. in face of
D. in relation to 【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。

A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。

句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。

故选D。

7.【2017·北京】Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。

句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。

此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，
用in，故选B。

8.【2016·天津】The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control
B. out of date
C. out of sight
D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。

句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中。

A.失去控制；B.过时的；C.看不见的；D.够不着的。

根据句意，由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”，选B。

9.【2016·浙江】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help. _____, he's reliable.
A. Or else
B. In short
C. By the way
D. For one thing 【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。

句意：这个年轻人诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。

简言之，他是可靠的。

A.否则；B.简而言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。

故选B。

10.【2016·浙江】The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. about
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。

句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。

The cultures后面是定语从句，省略that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。

五、形容词和副词
1.【2018·江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen
B. reluctant
C. anxious
D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。

A. keen敏锐的；be keen to渴望；B. reluctant不情愿的；be reluctant to 不情愿做；C. anxious渴望的；be anxious to急于；D. ready准备好的；be ready to乐意。

故
选B。

2.【2017·江苏】Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial
B. contradictory
C. confidential
D. conventional 【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词的辨析。

A. controversial有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C. confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional 传统的。

智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D .句意：就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。

3.【2017·江苏】The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.
A. alternative
B. aggressive
C. ambiguous
D. apparent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词的辨析。

A. alternative可供替代的；B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心；
C. ambiguous有野心的，耗时的；
D. apparent显而易见的。

句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找到其它的解释。

故选A。

4.【2017·天津】—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry, but he is not ________at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A. busy
B. active
C. concerned
D. available
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词。

句意：---我想见怀特先生，我们有约。

---对不起，他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。

A.忙碌；B.积极，活跃；C.关心；D.有空。

根据语境，故选D。

5.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit
B. ambiguous
C. original
D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。

故A正确。

6.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit
B. ambiguous
C. original
D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。

故A正确。

7.【2016·浙江】In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific
B. permanent
C. abstract
D. universal 【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。

A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。

故选A。

六、动词和动词短语
1.【2018·天津】It took him a long time to ______ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display
B. acquire
C. teach
D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。

A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。

故选B。

2.【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _______ as she was so confident about her skills.
A. gave in
B. dressed up
C. broke in
D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技能是如此的有把握。

A. gave in 屈服，让步；B. dressed up 打扮；C. broke in闯入，打断；D. turned up出现。

根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills可知最终他让步了。

故选A。

3.【2018·江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for
B. calls on
C. calls off
D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。

A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。

故选A。

4.【2018·江苏】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate
B. investigate
C. imitate
D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。

A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。

故选C。

5.【2017·天津】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settle down
B. keep off
C. get up
D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子.
A.安顿下来；
B.远离；
C.起床；
D.擦嘴。

根据句意，故选A。

6.【2017·江苏】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape
B. switch
C. stretch
D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的辨析。

A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。

句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。

故选A。

7.【2017·江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has ______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out
B. brought out
C. picked out
D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C. picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。

句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。

这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。

8.【2016·江苏】He did not ______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach
B. wrestle
C. compromise
D. communicate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise 妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并不容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。

根据句意可知C项正确。

9.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off
B. taken off
C. turned off
D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off 关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。

根据句意可知B正确。

10.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______ the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to
B. keep track of
C. take advantage of
D. give rise to
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。

动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。

根据句意可知C项正确。

11.【2016·天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to
B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of
D. set foot on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。

A.将……说出，透露，表明；B.注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。

根据语境，故选A。

12.【2016·天津】I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the cast le.
A. put
B. make
C. take
D. give
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词和短语。

句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。

使用短语take
advantage of, 意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。

故选C。

13.【2016·天津】I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on
B. break into
C. turn down
D. cut off
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。

我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。

A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。

故选A。

14.【2016·浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide
B. reject
C. control
D. abandon 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。

A.将……分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。

根据语境，故选A。

15.【2016·浙江】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ______ from the world.
A. carried away
B. broken down
C. cut off
D. brought up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。

carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。

故选C。

16.【2016·浙江】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited
B. reserved
C. reflected
D. spoiled 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。

A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。

故选C。

七、动词的时态和语态
1.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。

句意：—嗨，我是彼得。

你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。

—你好，彼得。

我是鲍勃。

我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。

根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。

2.【2018·北京】Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。

句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。

去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。

Susan辞职发生在当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。

B项正确。

3.【2018·北京】China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。

句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。

该句时间状语为in the past few years。

中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。

B选项正确。

4.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped 【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。

句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。

"who _________ in the mountains for two days."是定语从句，修饰two tourists, two tourists 和trap 之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。

由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。

综上，D选项正确。

5.【2018·天津】My washing machine ______ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。

根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。

故选C。

6.【2018·江苏】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed
B. had developed
C. will have developed
D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。

句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。

根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。

结合两者可知用将来完成时。

故选C。

7.【2018·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out
B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out
D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。

根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。

故选A。

8.【2017·天津】I _____ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving
B. have driven
C. would drive
D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。

根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. +when (suddenly) did…句意：正在做某事，就在这时（那是）突然，根据句意，故选A。

9.【2017·江苏】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed
B. was following
C. had been followed
D. followed 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。

he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。

句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。

10.【2017·江苏】He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic
background.
A. hasn’t qualified
B. had n’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify
D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。

句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。

qualify for sth.达标，获得参赛资格。

由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。

11.【2017·北京】People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re l iving longer as a result.
A. will have
B. have
C. had
D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。

句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。

与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。

12.【2017·北京】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ____ yet.
A. haven’t invented
B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented
D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。

根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。

13.【2017·北京】—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call
B. Have you called
C. Will you call
D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。

句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。

空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，
发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。

14.【2017·江苏】The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。

先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。

句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。

15.【2017·天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard
B. is regarded
C. are regarded
D. regards 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。

句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。

根据动词短语regard…as…把…看作…和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。

16.【2016·北京】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works
B. has worked
C. was working
D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。

句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。

根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。

17.【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited
B. wait
C. would be waiting
D. have been waiting 【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。

句意：—打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？—《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。

“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。

18.【2016·北京】I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read
B. have read
C. am reading
D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。

句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。

发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。

“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。

19.【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded
B. were rewarded
C. will reward
D. will be rewarded 【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。

句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力（将来）一定会得到回报。

根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。

20.【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made
B. will be made
C. are being made
D. have been made 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。

本句的时间状语"in the years ahead"在未来的几年里和将来时连用，且efforts 与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。

所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。

21.【2016·江苏】Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning
B. is learning
C. had been learning
D. has been learning 【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。

本句的时间状语是"for decades"几十年来，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。

所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。

故D正确。

22.【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen
D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。

根据
语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。

故选C。

23.【2016·浙江】Silk ____ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become
B. was becoming
C. has become
D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。

时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。

故选A。

八、情态动词和虚拟语气
1.【2018·江苏】It's strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。

在句型"It is important/ necessary/ strange/ impossible/ natural that…"中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”，这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。

故选B.
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had
D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。

本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。

故选A。

3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I ______it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave
B. must have left
C. might leave
D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。

句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。

根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+have done，再根据后句but I'm not
sure。

可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”，故选D
4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for
a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。

句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。

数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。

C选项正确。

其余情态动词均没有该用法。

need需要；should应该，竟然；must 必须，肯定。

5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they ______ a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。

由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。

if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故选D。

6.【2018·天津】If we ___ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught
B. caught
C. have caught
D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。

根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。

故选A。

7.【2017·北京】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. need 【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。

句意：Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。

此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can, 答案为C。

8.【2017·北京】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put
B. were put
C. should be put
D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果这个新的安装系统被投入使用的话，这个事故就不会发生了。

根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故选Ａ。

9.【2017·江苏】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.。