牛津上海版高二英语-情态动词(自制,超好用)学生版

高二情态动词专题
（本部分主要讲几种情态动词的常见用法，特别是各种情态动词+完成时态的不同意义及注意点，让学生通过例句来总结知识点，适合自主学习性比较强的学员）1.情态动词定义：
情态动词又称情态助动词，无和的变化，只能与或构成谓语；既有情态动词特殊，又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词。

2.情态动词的分类及特点
NO.1 can&could
1.用法
1）表示能力，指有能力做某事，意为“能够”
(1)
(2) .
2）表示。

表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉；意为“可否、可以”。

(1)
(2)
3）在肯定句中，表示理论性的可能性；译为“”。

要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could, may, might。

(1) .
(2) .(实际可能性)
4）用在否定、疑问或感叹句中，意为“可能”。

(1)
(2) ?
5）表示推测，用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，意为“可能，能够”
注意：
1) could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于，不能用于，
答语应用（即：）。

如：
——Could I use your dictionary?
Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn't
B. shouldn't
C. can't
D. may not
2) can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。

但can只
有，而be able to则有更多的形式。

如：
但是，表示，通常不用could，而
用来表示。

这时，相当
于或。

如：
另外，表示“有能力克服困难做成某事”，还可用或。

如：
1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
2) -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn't
B. I can't
C. I needn't
D. I won't
NO.2 may&might
1.用法
1）表示允许、许可。

否定回答一般用,表示“禁止、阻止”
之意，但也可以用(最好别)或（不可
以），语气较为委婉。

（1）
（2）
2）在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。

用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询
对方意见更为常见。

（1）
（2）
3）表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“ ”
之意；用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。

（1）
（2）
4）may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿
（1）
（2）愿他能持续住下去。

（3）.愿她安息。

5）用于表让步的状语从句中
（1）
（2）
6）might常用于表示。

（1）
（2）
NO.2 must&have to
1.must用法
1）用于表示说话人有义务，有必要做某事；用于表示命令或要求某人做某事。

（1）
（2）
2）回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用
或，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t
（1）
3）表推断、预期或人以避免，意为“”。

（1）
（2）.
4）表示“偏要、硬要”：用于第二人称，意指；用于其它人称，表示，意为“”
（1）.
（2）
5）must的否定有如下3种形式，用于不同场合：1)表示“”
时，否定意为“”；2) 表示“”时，否定意为“”；3) 表示“”时，否定意为
“”。

（1）
（2）.
6）可作名词，表示“必须有的东西（做的事）”
（1）.
（2）.
2.have to用法
1）“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。

但must表示的是，而have to则往往强调。

（1）
2）must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。

（1）.
（2）.
3）两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“”，don’t have to表示。

（1）.
（2）. NO.3 shall&should
1.shall用法
1）用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示，表示“商量斟酌”
（1）
（2）
2）用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的
（1）.(允诺)（2）.（警告）
（3）. (命令)
（4）. (威胁)
3）在法律、条约、规章等文件中，无论主语人称如何，一律用，表示等。

（1）. (义务)
（2）. (规定)
（3）. (预言)
2. should用法
1）表示，同义词为“ought to”；表示义务，意指应该做，且有一种道义上的责任。

（1）
（2）
2）表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的。

意为“”
（1）
（2）. 3）还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“”的意思。

从句谓语用构成，主句一定用虚拟语气
（1）. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)（2）. (万一我明天有时间，我就过来) 4）用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示，意为“”；在疑问句中与连用，表示不合理，难以相信或不应该之事；类似结构还有“”
（1）
（2）
例题
1) Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he
B. doesn't he
C. will he
D. isn't he
2) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____?
A. won't we
B. will we
C. don't we
D. shall we
NO.4 will&would
1.Will用法
1）用于表示。

will指现在，would指过去。

（1）. (他是个自行其是的人。

)
2）表示等，用would比用will委婉、客气（2）
3）表示习，意为“”多用于第三人称。

will至现在，would指过去。

（1）.
（2）. (人们总会说闲话。

)
4）表示，意为“”。

will表示推测比把握大，比把握小。

（1）
（2）
5）表示（指现在，有时可用现在时）。

（1）.
6）用于对一个令人厌烦的坏习惯或对无生命物体进行批评（若仅陈述事实，不含厌烦情绪时，也可用现在时）。

（1）. 7）用在if条件句中：1）表示意志，意为“”；2) 表示有礼貌的请求或劝阻，意为“”；3) 表示对。

（1）
（2）.
（3）. 8）用于否定句中，意为“”，表示“”（1）
（2）
2. would用法
1）可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

比used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义，常与等连用。

（1）
（2）
例题
1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?
A. do you
B. will you
C. can you
D. could you
2) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
A. I don't
B. I won't
C. I can't
D. I haven't
注意：
would与used to辨析
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would强调。

而used to 则着眼于，隐含，动作或状态都可表示。

Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。

如：
NO.5 need&dare
1.Need用法
1）用于表示“需要，必要”之意。

做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't）
（1）You needn't have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did). 2）做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带to的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't
（1）A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)
2. dare用法
1）用于表示“敢于”之意。

做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中
（1）
2）用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。

在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。

（1）
（2）He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone.
例题
1) I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare
B. needs
C. wants
D. is allowed
2) -Shall I tell John about it?
- No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
3) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. may not
NO.6 ought to
1）表示“”之意
（1）
2）表示推测。

注意与must表示推测是的区别
（1）. (断定他已到家)（2）. (不十分肯定)
（3）. (比较直率)（4）. (比较含蓄)
专题精讲
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall
B. will
C. would
D. can
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
5. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. should
专题过关
1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were
B. should
C. will
D. can
2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.
A. should have sent
B. were going to send
C. should be sending
D. should send
3. Let’s take a walk, ________?
A. will we
B. don't we
C. do we
D. shall
we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. was able to
5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. could
6. ---- _________ this book be yours?---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may
B. May, might, must
C. Can, may, must
D. Must, can, may
7. ---- "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.”
---- “He _________ it.”
A. mustn't attend
B. can't have attended
C. would have not attended
D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
A. can have missed
B. may have missed
C. can have lost
D. may have lost
9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snowed
B. must have snowed
C. must be snowing
D. must have been snowing
10. You must be fifty, ________?
A. mustn't you
B. needn't you
C. aren't you
D. mayn't you
11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?
A. haven't you
B. didn't you
C. mustn't you
D. needn't you
12. ---- That must be a mistake.
---- No .it _________ be.
A. can't
B. isn't able to
C. can
D. was able to
13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
14. How ________ so?
A. dare you to say
B. dare you say
C. do you dare say
D. dare to say
15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.
A. should to take
B. might to take
C. ought to take
D. need to take
16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used to be
B. would be
C. were
D. had been
17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.
A. will be used to speak
B. will be used to speaking
C. must be used to speak
D. would be used to speaking
18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.
A. should have
B. may have
C. must have
D. shall have
19. She _________ get up at six every day when she was in college.
A. would
B. will
C. might
D. should
20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?
A. would go
B. go
C. are going
D. will be gone
NO.7 情态动词+have done
1.must have done
1)表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为
“”;
（1）.
2)其否定式为“”，意为“”，指“对过去行为有把握的否定。

（2）.
2. may/might have done
1）表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“”；（1）.
2）常用于虚拟语气中；
（1）. 3）“might have done”用于提出批评，表示等，还可表示“”，这时，句中常有将来时间状语，或句子描述的是将来某个时候会发生的事。

用might则表示语气更加不肯定。

（1）
（2）. 3. can…have done cannot have done
1) could have done 用于对过去可能性的推断，意为“”，在肯定句中，指“”；用于疑问句或否定句，表
示对；
（1）. (对是否已将信发出无把握)
2）could have done 意为“”，指“”常用于虚拟语气，表示等；
（2）.
3）can have done 仅用于句，表示从现在眼光看过去发生的事情，但“could + have done”既可表示从的眼光看还可表示从的某个时间点看之前发生的事情。

（3）.
4. might have done
表示“”。

另外，还可以表示“”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。

（1）.
（2）
5. should/ought to have done
1) 用于肯定句时，表示；用于否定句时，则表示;
（1）
2)用于对过去的推断，说话人认为“”，说话人不能
肯定，只是试探性地得出结论，语气婉转；
（1）
3)对已发生的事表示“惊奇、失望、愤怒”等情绪。

（1）
6. needn’t have done
表示做了本来不必去做的事。

注意：表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”
（1）.（2）.
7. will/would have done
用于推测过去，意为“”，指“说话人确信某事已发生，但并不确知”，并用于人称：
1）如果以现在为时间点，可以用“will have done”；
2）如果以过去为时间点，只能用“would have done”；
3）will have done也用于推测将来某个时间前已经完成。

（1）.
8. had better have done
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“”，其否定式表示相反的含义。

（1）
（2）
9. would rather have done
表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。

（1）.
（2）.
专题精讲
1. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought
B. can have thought
C. may think
D. might think
2. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy
B. must have copied
C. should copy
D. should have copied
3. －There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
－It_________a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be
B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been
D. couldn’t have been
4. –I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You _______ have lost it while shopping.
A. may
B. can
C. should
D. would
专题过关
1. —You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, d id you?
—No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited
B. needn’t have
C. didn’t need to
D. should wait
2. Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. must
3. —May I speak to your manager, Mr. Smith, at six o’clock tonight?
—I’m sorry, Mr. Smith ______ to a conference before then.
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone
4. —Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
—Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. should
5.—Was it you that made the suggestion?
—It __________ have been. I can’t remember.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. may
6. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken
D. mustn't have taken
7. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
8. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken
9. —Hi, is that Peter Brown?
—Sorry. You ______ the wrong number.
A. must dial
B. must have dialed
C. should dial
D. should have dialed
10. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
NO.8
知识点1：can的惯用语
1、cannot … too，意为“”。

如：
（1）
（2）
2、cannot (help/choose) but + do,/can but + do，意为“”。

如：
（1）.
（2）.
3、cannot help + doing，意为“”。

如：
（1）.
4、can’t help (it)，意为“”。

如：
（1）.
5、cannot … without，意为“没有点。

就不能”。

如：
（1）
（2）.
知识点2：may的习惯用法
1、may well + do，意为“”（=）。

如：
（1）She may well be proud of her son.
2、may/might (just) as well，意为“”（=），用于提出建议。

如：
（1）
3、may/might as well + do A + as + do B，意为“”。

如：
（1）
知识点3：情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用
1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用：
1)与现在事实相反：
条件句谓语用：；主句谓语用：例如：（1）.
2)与过去事实相反：
条件句谓语用：;主句谓语用：例如：
（1）
（2）.
3)与将来事实相反：
条件句谓语用：;主句谓语用：例如：
（1）
4)过去现在混合：
条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

例如：
5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如：
6)用介词短语代替条件句：
2、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语动词为等后面的宾语从句，谓语用。

总体掌握：“要求干，应该干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。

因此“坚持事实”、“暗示”都不用虚拟语气。

3、主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用( 。

例如：
知识点4：情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法
1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用形式。

例如：
2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用形式。

例如：
3. Let’s…, shall we? ; Let us…, will/won’t you?
4. 含有must句子的反意问句
1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用也可用.
例如：
2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用.
例如：She mustn’t leave, may she?
3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：
A. He must be an engineer, isn’t he? They must be writing now, aren’t they?(
B. She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?
C. He must have seen the film, hasn’t he? ()
D. He must have seen the film last week, didn’t he?(
E. Mother must have been shopping then, wasn’t she?()
5. 含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework, hasn’t she?
专题精讲
1. Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. may
2. John promised his doctor he not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.
A. might
B. should
C. could
D. would
3. If I were to do this work, I it in my own way.
A. would do
B. do
C. will do
D. did
专题过关
1.Y ou______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. may
not
2.I wish I______ t o the moon one day.
A. can fly
B. an able to fly
C. could fly
D. was
able to fly
3.If my lawyer_____ here last Saturday, he___ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
4.If it______ for the snow, we____ t he mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
5.Without electricity human life __ quite difficult today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D.
would be
6.Jenny ______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must
B. should
C. need
D.
would
7.We_____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied
B. might study
C. should have studied
D. would study
8.—Could I borrow
your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you_____ .
A. might
B. will
C. can
D.
should
9.—If he_______ , he ______ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not
have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had
not taken
10.I told Sally how to get here, but in fact, I___her, for she had been here a short time before.
A. needn't tell
B. didn't need to tell
C. needn't have told
D. didn't need to have told
11.I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had
come
12.—Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you _____ . I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D.
shouldn't
13.The child was told that he ___ pay for his books.
A. needs not
B. need not to
C. need not
D.
needs not to
14.It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack_____ b e here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
15.—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It _______a comfortable journey.
A. can't be
B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been
D.
couldn't have been
16.Why didn't you tell me you could lend me the money? Then I it from the bank.
A. didn't need to borrow
B. needn't have borrowed
C. haven't need borrow
D. will not need to borrow
17.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was
able to
18.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They_____be ready by 1200.
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need
19.I told the old man that he___ to see a doctor about his cough.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D.
ought
20.—Write to me when
you get home.
— ______ .
A. I must
B. I should
C. I will
D. I
can
21.I was really anxious about you, you ___ h ome without a word.
A. mustn't leave
B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left
D.
needn't leave
22.— Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
23.—Are you in a hurry?
—No, in fact I've got plenty of time. I ___wait.
A. must
B. need
C. may
D.
should
24.He didn't agree with me at first, but I __ persuade him to sign the agreement later.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. was
able to
25.—Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight?
—There______ be. I will phone the cinema and find it out.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D.
could
26.Y ou______ be careful when you cross here—the traffic lights aren't working.
A. can
B. ought to
C. might
D. may
27.Y ou_______ o ut last night. I called you several times, but nobody answered.
A. must have been
B. must be
C. might have been
D.
could be
28.When I was studying at Beijing University, I_ take a walk along the lake every evening.
A. will
B. would
C. could
D. shall
29.The party turned out to be a failure. I would rather it.
A. not have attended
B. not attend
C. not to attend
D. not to have attended
30.—Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter?
—No, you _____ . He has known about it already.
A. oughtn't to
B. needn't
C. shouldn't
D.
mustn't
课后作业
1. I have promised that my daughter _______ get a new electronic dictionary on her
next birthday. （崇明区）
A. should
B. must
C. shall
D. would
2. I advise you to stay away from Maria. Although she is usually easy-going, she ______ be quite annoying sometimes. （奉贤区）
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. should
3. Our parents and teachers often tell us that we _______ be careful enough no matter what we do. （虹口区）
A. mustn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. needn’t
4. --- The telephone line to the headmaster is always busy.
--- Someone _______ the telephone. （黄浦区）
A. need use
B. should have used
C. must be using
D. must use
5. In China, no other organization than the CPC.（人大）_______ make any law. （嘉定区）
A. will
B. should
C. shall
D. must
6. ______criticize my son, I______ help him find a more effective way to learn English.
A. Rather than; prefer to
B. Other than; would rather
C. Rather than; would like to
D. Better than; had better
7. I _______ the poor little rabbit, but I didn’t have any right drugs with me at that moment. （金山区）
A. could have saved
B. had saved
C. could save
D. saved
8. A very sharp increase _______ some Fed officials to push for higher rates to restrain inflation. （静安区）
A. need have persuaded
B. might have persuaded
C. must have been persuaded
D. might have been persuaded
9. It’s important to talk about your problems with your friends or your parents and they ______ really help a lot. （卢湾区）
A. can
B. must
C. should
D. need
10. — Are you coming to the party?
— I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must
B. might
C. should D would
11. Life is full of ups and downs, but if you focus on the negative, it affect everything you do. （浦东新区）
A. must
B. dare
C. should
D. can
12. Who would you rather ________the report instead of you? （普陀区）
A. have write
B. have to write
C. write
D. have written
13. I didn’t see her in the conference room this morning. She ________ have done the presentation at the meeting. （青浦区）
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
14. Santos _______ have experienced lots of hardships in the jungle, for the wrinkles on his face can tell a lot of stories. （徐汇区）
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. must
15. -- Ms Williams, Steve seems to be in low spirits after the parents’ meeting.
--Well, I think we _______ have given him helpful encouragement rather than negative criticism. （杨浦区）
A. must
B. should
C. might
D. can
16. Any country which _______ not or will not pay due attention to the environmental protection is not entitled to the world club membership. （闸北区）
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. might
17. You _______ have done all the calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of things. （长宁区）
A. mustn't
B. shouldn't
C. can't
D. needn't
(A)
Libraries are my world. I've been a patron all my life, and for the past nine years I (25)
______ (work) at multiple libraries and archives in and around Detroit. The library (26) ______ an institution has many roles, but as our country struggles through an economic crisis, I have watched the library where I work evolve into a career and business center, a community gathering place
and a bastion for hope.
In the spring of 2019 I got a library internship at the Southfield Public Library, just north of Detroit. Summers at SPL (27) ______ (be) usually slow, but that year, we experienced a library that hustled and bustled like science-fair project week, midterms or tax season. Yet patrons weren't looking for Mosby's Nursing Drug Reference or 1040 forms. They were coming for information on entrepreneurship and growing their small business.
I interpreted people's interest in our business collection as the first step to (28) ______ (pursue) their dreams, but these patrons were not motivated by dreams. They were responding to reality, and they were looking for Plan B.
Things worsened in 2019, and in 2009 the economic crisis continues to suffocate Michigan. Last year, we put up a display with a variety of job resources that we restocked every hour. Each night the library closed, the display was bare. (29) ______ we normally keep displays up for a week, we kept the job resources display up for months.
Then there's the tightening credit market. People see the writing on the wall and they want to get educated. They can't afford a financial adviser, but checking books out is free. Some of (30) ______(popular) titles now are "Rich Dad, Poor Dad," "Think and Grow Rich," and "Suze Orman's 2009 Action Plan."
The economic downturn affects us all. I have had to work long hours and don't get to see (31) ______ of my boyfriend or experience any kind of social life lately, but I am thankful to be in a position where I can help people overcome this struggle. In Michigan, we haven't lost hope. (32) ______ ______ ______ there are libraries here, there will always be hope.
(B)
It s estimated that 300 million people in China are studying, or (33) ______ (study), English. That s an impressive number and I can t think of any other country in the world where one quarter of the population is so dedicated to (34) ______ (learn) a second language. But some people are questioning whether this “craze” for studying English is worthwhile.
Professor Zhang Shuhua of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says that too much emphasis is pl aced on learning English and that it is a waste of education resources as well as a threat to the study of Chinese. He says that having English as a compulsory course in university “has distracted much of students attention (35) ______ specialized subjects,” and that some students have been denied access to postgraduate education because they failed English. Others have admitted that studying so much English has made them (36) ______ (poor) Chinese
speakers.
Both of these criticisms are legitimate, but they beg the question of why so many Chinese still want to learn English. English, (37) ______ recognize, is the lingua franca of the modern world. It is the language of business and has become the language of international relations and culture. Wh en people from different countries get together, they frequently speak in English rather than try to translate their native languages. It seems that everyone everywhere can speak at least some English.
For China to be part of that international conversation, it is necessary that some level of English proficiency (38) ______ be achieved. But what, you may ask, about those who will never speak a word of English once they leave school? Well, for good or ill, they will still be surrounded by English. It is there in signs, in music, in movies and in the casual conversations they overhear of the increasing number of foreigners on the city streets. To know English is to be included in the rest of the world, (39) ______ ______ your world is limited to China.
I agree with Professor Zhang on one point, (40) ______. English should not be a compulsory subject in university. For most, passing the CET is just the endless drudgery of memorizing word lists. There is little emphasis placed on communication. And if you can t communicate in English after years of study in primary school, middle school and high school, a few more years in university probably won t help.
(B)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.没有人不希望和平。

(but)
2.那些花有可能已经很长时间没有浇水了。

(chance)
3.慈善团体组织各种活动来为地震幸存者筹款是很有必要的。

(essential)
4. 你的简历应该吸引雇主的注意力，这样做就可以提高你被录用的可能性。

(likelihood)。