2001医博统考听力题解析原文

2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper One
Part ⅠListening
Section A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
For example: A B D
Talk One
1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.
C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.
2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.
C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.
D. Pesticides made them extinct.
3. A. The bird is not adored any more.
B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.
C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.
D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.
Talk Two
4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.
C. To pay a visit to the suburb.
D. To wander about the streets.
5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.
C. To get to know his way around the suburb.
D. To while away the hours.
6. A. He was unable to find his way back.
B. A policeman could help him with his problem.
C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.
D. All of the above.
7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.
B. He found the place where he lived.
C. He was misled to a wrong place.
D. He decided to stay in the country.
Talk Three
8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.
C. A case of prostate cancer.
D. A case of community medical service.
9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.
C. His wife’s idea.
D. Three signatures.
10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.
Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.
Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate
attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "
2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper One
Part ⅠListening
Section A
Talk One
1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。

2. C 录音讲到200多年后the bald eagle几乎消失了，这种鸟数量减少的原因是pollution，由此可知选项C正确。

3. D 录音最后讲到美国政府和人民are trying to protect the bald eagle，由此可知选项D 正确。

文章最后讲这种鸟remain a symbol of strength and courage，由此可排除A项。

文章没有提到选项B、C的说法。

Talk Two
4. B 通过录音中的“I decided to lose my way deliberately on my second day”可知选项B 正确。

5. A 讲话者想要故意让自已迷路是因为他认为这是the surest way of getting to know
my way around，通过前面讲到的“I did not know the city at all”可知这里是说他想更多地了解这座城市。

6. C 讲话者想回去时，他找到警察问路，由于他不会讲这里的语言，他无法和警察沟通。

7. C 录音讲到他顺着警察指的方向走，却发现自己走到了农村，他只好去找最近的火车站，这就表明警察给他指错了路。

Talk Three
8. A 录音中的“choose the time of his own passing”，“made his decision to fini sh the journ ey”以及“voluntary euthanasia”都显示出这里讲的是一次自愿的安乐死(active euthanasia)。

9. D 录音讲到在获得了three signatures required from his own doctor，a cancer specialist and a psychiatrist之后，Dent便可以自由选择the time of his own passing了。

10. C 录音讲到Dent死去时房间里非常安静，他注射药物几秒后就睡着了，几分钟后he was dead，由这些描写可以看出Dent死得非常平静。

Section B Spot Dictation(10%)
1. far exceed those
2. devoted to research
3. applied aspects
4. drive out basic research
5. inevitably be undertaken
6. major scientific discoveries
7. pure
8. degrade
2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文
Paper One
Part ⅠListening
Section A Listening Comprehension (10 %)
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
For example: A B D
Talk 1
In 1782, soon after the United States won its independence, the bald eagle was chosen as the national bird of the new country. American leaders wanted the eagle to be a symbol of their country because it’s a bird of strength and courage. They chose the bald eagle because it is found all over North America and only in North America.
But a little over 200 years later, the bald eagle had almost disappeared from the country. And in 1972, there were only 3000 bald eagles in the entire United States. The reason for the birds’decreasing population was pollution, especially pollution of the rivers by pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill insects and other animals that attack and destroy crops. Unfortunately, rain often washes pesticides into rivers. Pesticides pollute the river and poison the fish. Eagles eat this fish and poison affects their eggs. The eggs are very thin shells and do not hatch. Eagles lay only two or three eggs a year. Because many of the eggs do not hatch and produce more eagles, the number of eagles quickly becomes smaller.
Today, the American government and the American people are trying to protect the bald eagle. The number of bald eagles is increasing. It now appears that the American national bird will survive and remain a symbol of strength and courage.
Question 1: What made the bald eagle the national bird of the USA?
Question 2: What happened to bald eagles?
Question 3: What is true about the bald eagle?
Talk 2
I did not know the city at all. And on the whole, I could not speak a word of the language. After having spent my first day sightseeing in the town center, I decided to lose my way
deliberately on my second day, since I believed that this was the surest way of getting to know my way around.
I got on the first bus that passed and descended some thirty minutes later in what must have been a suburb. The first two hours passed pleasantly enough. I discovered mysterious little book-shops in back streets and finally arrived at a market place where I stopped and had a coffee in an open air cafe. After walking about aimlessly for some time, I was determined to ask the way. The trouble was that the only word I knew of the language was the name of the street in which I lived. And even that I pronounced incorrectly. The policeman listened to my question, smiled and gently took me by the arm. There was a distant look in his eyes as he pointed left and right and left again. I nodded politely and began walking in the direction he pointed. About an hour passed and I noticed that the houses were getting fewer and grain fields were appearing on each side of me. I had come all the way into the country. The only thing left for me to do was to find the nearest railway station.
Question 4: What did the speaker want to do on the second day?
Question 5: Why did he want to do so?
Question 6: What did he find out when he decided to go back to the hotel?
Question 7: What happened at last?
Talk 3
In the sunny room of his Darwin home, Bob Dent, 66, finished his lunch and a glass of beer and lay down on the couch. On the floor out of his sight but attached to him by an intravenous strip lay a syringe driver containing a little dose of drags. Nearby, his wife, Judi, waited with his doc-tor. The phone was disconnected. In the silence of warm Sunday afternoon, the only noise was the sound of a pump starting. In sequence as planned, the drugs emptied into Dent’s cancer ridden body. Within seconds, he was asleep. A few minutes later, he was dead. Diagnosis was prostate cancer in 1991. Dent began his journey to death several weeks ago. After obtaining the three signatures required from his own doctor, a cancer specialist and a psychiatrist and observing the nine-day cooling-off period, Dent was free to choose the time of his own passing. It was about 9:00 a. m. on September 22 that Dent finally made his decision to finish the journey. In a letter released after his death, Dent appealed to those who attacked his decision: "If you disagree with voluntary euthanasia, then don’t use it. But don’t deny me the right to use it if and w hen I want to".
Question 8: What is the passage mainly about?
Question 9: What made Dent’s decision possible?
Question 10: What is the best word to describe Dent’s passing away?
Section B Spot Dictation (10 %)
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and ill] in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.
Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits
quickly, the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic research. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science, tend to degrade the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "。