光子晶体自组装结构色

光子晶体自组装结构色
English:
## Photonic Crystal Self-Assembly for Structural Color.
Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic structures that can control the propagation of electromagnetic waves. They have been widely used in various applications, such as optical filters, lasers, and solar cells. One of the most promising applications of PCs is in the field of structural color, where they can be used to create vibrant and durable colors without the use of pigments or dyes.
Self-assembly is a powerful technique that can be used to fabricate PCs with complex and precise structures. In self-assembly, individual components spontaneously organize into a well-defined structure without the need for external guidance or templates. This approach has several advantages over traditional fabrication methods, such as lithography, etching, and deposition, including lower cost, higher
throughput, and the ability to create structures with sub-wavelength features.
There are several different methods for self-assembling PCs. One common method is to use colloidal particles. Colloidal particles are small particles that are dispersed in a liquid. When the particles are close enough to each other, they can interact with each other and self-assemble into a PC structure. The size, shape, and material of the colloidal particles can be controlled to tune the optical properties of the PC.
Another method for self-assembling PCs is to use block copolymers. Block copolymers are polymers that consist of two or more different types of monomers. When the block copolymers are heated, they can self-assemble into a
variety of different structures, including PCs. The structure of the PC is determined by the composition and molecular weight of the block copolymers.
Self-assembled PCs have been used to create a variety of different structural colors. For example, researchers
have created PCs that mimic the colors of butterfly wings, peacock feathers, and abalone shells. These colors are created by the interaction of light with the periodic structure of the PC. The wavelength of the light that is reflected from the PC is determined by the spacing of the PC's features.
Self-assembled PCs are a promising technology for a variety of applications, including displays, sensors, and anti-counterfeiting. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fabrication methods, including lower cost, higher throughput, and the ability to create structures with sub-wavelength features.
Chinese:
## 光子晶体自组装结构色。

光子晶体 (PC) 是一种周期性结构，可以控制电磁波的传播。

它们已广泛应用于各种领域，例如光学滤波器、激光器和太阳能电池。

PC 最有前途的应用之一是结构颜色领域，即它们可用于创造出无需使用颜料或染料的鲜艳多彩且持久。

自组装是一种强大的技术，可用于制造具有复杂而精密结构的PC。

在自组装中，单个组件会自发组织成一个明确的结构，而无需
外部引导或模板。

与传统制造方法（如光刻、蚀刻和沉积）相比，
该方法具有成本更低、通量更高以及能够创建具有亚波长特征的结
构等优点。

有多种不同的方法可以自组装 PC。

一种常见的方法是使用胶体
粒子。

胶体粒子是分散在液体中的小粒子。

当粒子彼此足够接近时，它们可以相互作用并自组装成 PC 结构。

胶体粒子的尺寸、形状和
材料可以控制以调整 PC 的光学性质。

自组装 PC 的另一种方法是使用嵌段共聚物。

嵌段共聚物是由
两种或多种不同单体组成的聚合物。

当嵌段共聚物受热时，它们可
以自组装成多种不同的结构，包括 PC。

PC 的结构由嵌段共聚物的
组成和分子量决定。

自组装 PC 已用于创建多种不同的结构颜色。

例如，研究人员
已经创造出模仿蝴蝶翅膀、孔雀羽毛和鲍鱼壳颜色的 PC。

这些颜色
是通过光与 PC 周期性结构的相互作用产生的。

从 PC 反射的光的
波长由 PC 特征的间距决定。

自组装 PC 是一项有前途的技术，适用于各种应用，包括显示器、传感器和防伪。

与传统制造方法相比，它们具有成本更低、通量更高以及能够创建具有亚波长特征的结构等优点。