高中英语语法——宾语从句和表语从句
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time.
宾语从句经常做介词的宾语
1. The Swede stood still, except ___t_h_a_t__ his lips moved slightly. 2. She is not satisfied with ___w_h_a_t_ she has achieved. 3. Mary always thinks of ___h_o_w__ she can do more for the class. 4. He wrote a letter of thanks to __w_h__o_e_v_erhelped him. (任何一个) 5. It depends on __w_h_e_t_h_e_r_we have enough time. 6. Are you sorry for __w__h_a_t__you have done?
宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语
1. I’m afraid (that ) I’ll be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost the game.
that 可以省略
此类表语形容词 afraid, pleased, happy, sure, surprised,
it不能漏
I consider it necessary that we should learn English well.
consider, find, think, feel, make 等动词常带宾语补足语, 这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后.
1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )
doubt
I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I don’t doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?
1. I doubt _i_f_/__w__h__e_t_hheeris telling the truth. 2. We never doubt __t_h_a__t the plan will be carried out . 3. Does he doubt __th__a_tyou are from Austria? 4. I’m doubtful __if__/__w__h_e_t_h_ ehre will agree to this.
(3) 连接副词 where, when, how, why等。 在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分。
1.What I want to know is when he will be back. 2.That is why I like Li Bai so much. 3.The mystery is how the pyramids were built.
表语从句
什么叫做表语？
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、 特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当， 它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。
• He is a student. • The problem seems puzzling. • His job is to paint the walls. • Her job is taking care of the children.
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
...谓+宾语从句
...介词+宾语从句
引导词 （连接词）
宾语从句三要素
语序
时态
引导词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which
1. Martin never learnt who he was. 2. The police asked whose car was stolen. 3. I don't know whom the vaze belongs to. 4. She did not know what had happened. 5. --- could you do me a favor?
that 引导宾语从句时不可省略的情况
1. He judged that, because he was child, he did not understand it.
a
• 中间有插入语或状语
2. He said he was wrong and that • 多个并列宾语从句第二
he would say sorry to me.
(2) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which等。在从句中作主 语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,有自己的词义。
1.The problem is who can finish the task. 2.Shanghai is no longer what it used to be.
We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.
2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it )
2、I don’t knoww__h_e_th_e_r_（__i_f）___h__e__lo_v_e_s__m_u_s_i_c. （他是否喜欢音乐）
3、Do you know w__h_a_t__sh__e__is__t_a_l_k_in_g___a_b_o_u_t_. （她正在谈论什么）
三、时态(兼顾主句时态）
--- It depends on what it is. 6. I don't know which country he comes from.
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how
1. Can you tell me when the train leaves? 2. He told me where Lu Xun once lived. 3. Do you know why she got up so early this morning? 4. He told us how they won the match.
主语从句 引导词 表语从句 系动词
(1) 从属连词that、 whether ：
两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实际 意义，但不可以省略。whether表示“是否”，不能换 成if。
1.The question is whether he'll come here.
2.My idea is that we should leave here at once.
We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.
只用whether 不用if
1. Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2. What matters most is whether we can finish it on time. 3. It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4. I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing.
1. The radio says it _w__il_l_b__e cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everythingg_o__e_s__ well. (go) 3. I hear they _h__a_v__e________ (return) it already.
（1）tha介词宾语时一般用whether
语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
陈述句： He is a student. 他说他是个学生。
一般疑问句： Is he a student? 我问他是否是个学生。
特殊疑问句： Who is he? 我不知道他是谁
个或以后
3. The reason lies in that she works • 介词宾语 harder than the others.
4. We think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short • it 做形式宾语
有:
satisfied, anxious,
certain glad, aware
it 做形式宾语
We consider her suitable for the job.
宾语
宾补
我认为学好英语是必要的.
I consider that we should learn English well necessary.
1. He says __t_h__a_t__h_e__i_s__a__s_t.udent 陈述句作宾语引导词用___t_h_a_t____无词义，可以省略.
2. I ask him ___w__h_e_t_h__e_r__(__if_)__h_e___i_s__a_ student. 一般疑问句作宾语，引导词 whether 或if 有词义,“是否”， 不作句子成分.
3、连接词：that, whether, if,
1. He told us that he felt ill. 2. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 3. I doubt whether he will succeed. 4. I don’t know if/(whether)you can help me.
一、表语从句的定义：
• 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中 的表语。 The question is who will do it.
系动词 表语从句
连系动词：be动词，感官动词，变化类动词，持续 类动词
二、表语从句的构成：
• （系动词）+ 引导词+简单句
What I want to say is that I am tired.
3. I don’t know __w__h__o__h__e__i_s. 特殊疑问句作宾语，引导词用__特__殊__疑__问__词____，必须作句 子成分
汉译英
1、I am sure （__t_h_a_t_）___h_e__c_o_m_e_s__f_r_o_m__A_m__e_r_ic_a_. （他来自美国）
名词性从句引导词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、引导连词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
returned 4. He said that they _h__a_d__b__e_enmembers of the Party since
1948. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _r_i_s_e__s_ in the east.
(rise)
宾语从句经常做介词的宾语
1. The Swede stood still, except ___t_h_a_t__ his lips moved slightly. 2. She is not satisfied with ___w_h_a_t_ she has achieved. 3. Mary always thinks of ___h_o_w__ she can do more for the class. 4. He wrote a letter of thanks to __w_h__o_e_v_erhelped him. (任何一个) 5. It depends on __w_h_e_t_h_e_r_we have enough time. 6. Are you sorry for __w__h_a_t__you have done?
宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语
1. I’m afraid (that ) I’ll be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost the game.
that 可以省略
此类表语形容词 afraid, pleased, happy, sure, surprised,
it不能漏
I consider it necessary that we should learn English well.
consider, find, think, feel, make 等动词常带宾语补足语, 这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后.
1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )
doubt
I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I don’t doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?
1. I doubt _i_f_/__w__h__e_t_hheeris telling the truth. 2. We never doubt __t_h_a__t the plan will be carried out . 3. Does he doubt __th__a_tyou are from Austria? 4. I’m doubtful __if__/__w__h_e_t_h_ ehre will agree to this.
(3) 连接副词 where, when, how, why等。 在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分。
1.What I want to know is when he will be back. 2.That is why I like Li Bai so much. 3.The mystery is how the pyramids were built.
表语从句
什么叫做表语？
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、 特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当， 它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。
• He is a student. • The problem seems puzzling. • His job is to paint the walls. • Her job is taking care of the children.
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
...谓+宾语从句
...介词+宾语从句
引导词 （连接词）
宾语从句三要素
语序
时态
引导词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which
1. Martin never learnt who he was. 2. The police asked whose car was stolen. 3. I don't know whom the vaze belongs to. 4. She did not know what had happened. 5. --- could you do me a favor?
that 引导宾语从句时不可省略的情况
1. He judged that, because he was child, he did not understand it.
a
• 中间有插入语或状语
2. He said he was wrong and that • 多个并列宾语从句第二
he would say sorry to me.
(2) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which等。在从句中作主 语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,有自己的词义。
1.The problem is who can finish the task. 2.Shanghai is no longer what it used to be.
We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.
2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it )
2、I don’t knoww__h_e_th_e_r_（__i_f）___h__e__lo_v_e_s__m_u_s_i_c. （他是否喜欢音乐）
3、Do you know w__h_a_t__sh__e__is__t_a_l_k_in_g___a_b_o_u_t_. （她正在谈论什么）
三、时态(兼顾主句时态）
--- It depends on what it is. 6. I don't know which country he comes from.
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how
1. Can you tell me when the train leaves? 2. He told me where Lu Xun once lived. 3. Do you know why she got up so early this morning? 4. He told us how they won the match.
主语从句 引导词 表语从句 系动词
(1) 从属连词that、 whether ：
两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实际 意义，但不可以省略。whether表示“是否”，不能换 成if。
1.The question is whether he'll come here.
2.My idea is that we should leave here at once.
We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.
只用whether 不用if
1. Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2. What matters most is whether we can finish it on time. 3. It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4. I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing.
1. The radio says it _w__il_l_b__e cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everythingg_o__e_s__ well. (go) 3. I hear they _h__a_v__e________ (return) it already.
（1）tha介词宾语时一般用whether
语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
陈述句： He is a student. 他说他是个学生。
一般疑问句： Is he a student? 我问他是否是个学生。
特殊疑问句： Who is he? 我不知道他是谁
个或以后
3. The reason lies in that she works • 介词宾语 harder than the others.
4. We think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short • it 做形式宾语
有:
satisfied, anxious,
certain glad, aware
it 做形式宾语
We consider her suitable for the job.
宾语
宾补
我认为学好英语是必要的.
I consider that we should learn English well necessary.
1. He says __t_h__a_t__h_e__i_s__a__s_t.udent 陈述句作宾语引导词用___t_h_a_t____无词义，可以省略.
2. I ask him ___w__h_e_t_h__e_r__(__if_)__h_e___i_s__a_ student. 一般疑问句作宾语，引导词 whether 或if 有词义,“是否”， 不作句子成分.
3、连接词：that, whether, if,
1. He told us that he felt ill. 2. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 3. I doubt whether he will succeed. 4. I don’t know if/(whether)you can help me.
一、表语从句的定义：
• 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中 的表语。 The question is who will do it.
系动词 表语从句
连系动词：be动词，感官动词，变化类动词，持续 类动词
二、表语从句的构成：
• （系动词）+ 引导词+简单句
What I want to say is that I am tired.
3. I don’t know __w__h__o__h__e__i_s. 特殊疑问句作宾语，引导词用__特__殊__疑__问__词____，必须作句 子成分
汉译英
1、I am sure （__t_h_a_t_）___h_e__c_o_m_e_s__f_r_o_m__A_m__e_r_ic_a_. （他来自美国）
名词性从句引导词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、引导连词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
returned 4. He said that they _h__a_d__b__e_enmembers of the Party since
1948. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _r_i_s_e__s_ in the east.
(rise)