动词不定式的用法归纳PPT课件
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连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等 。
ØHe didn’t know what to say.
ØHow to solve the problem is very important.
ØMy question is when to start.
注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简
(subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer
industry when I grow up. (predicative)
第17页，共52页。
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute)
第2页，共52页。
1. 作主语
2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
第3页，共52页。
1 不定式作主语 (subject)
谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe. To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to learn English well.
He is looking for a room ptola_y__w_i_t_h______ (live).
He needs a friend to __________ (play).
choose from
There are three pairs ofБайду номын сангаасshoes for you to _________ (choose).
第12页，共52页。
3. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状 语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。
eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.
饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表 语的动词不定式省略to。 ❖ All I want to do now is fill my stomach.
第7页，共52页。
4．作宾语补足语
•He asked me to go with him.
•He didn’t allow me to go out alone. 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， make 后的补足 语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时， 必须带to。
往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 ❖ I think it our duty to obey the laws. ❖ I found it difficult to see him here.
第4页，共52页。
2.作宾语
❖ 1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。
❖ I mean to go there at once. ❖ I hope to finish the work in time. ❖ I plan to go to Beijing this summer. ❖ 2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，
•I heard her sing today．
•→ She was heard to sing today．
第8页，共52页。
※(5). 定语
1. something, anything, nothing, everything, no one 等不定代 词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。
e.g. I have something to say.
e.g.: ---Would you like to be a teacher?
---Yes, I’d like to be.
(3)
—I didn’t tell him the news.
—Oh, you ought to have (told him the news).
第16页，共52页。
Identify its function. 想一想
第9页，共52页。
2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词 最高级修饰时
eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
第10页，共52页。
6.作状语
❖ 不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或 条件。 如;
动宾关系
He is not a man to tell lies. 主谓关系
We all have a chance to go to college. 同位关系
Ø与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词
，则需加介词。
write on
Can you give some paper two e_a_r_______ (write)? I have no jewelry to _________(wealriv).e in
give financial assistance to disabled
people. (object complement)
第19页，共52页。
第20页，共52页。
Quiz II
Multiple Choice
1. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but
不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。
❖ I came here to see you. （目的） ❖ He got up early so as not to be late. ❖ 不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。 ❖ The question is difficult to answer.。
第18页，共52页。
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. (adverbial)
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. (adverbial)
10. We must call on local government to
第13页，共52页。
(4).独立结构作状语
To tell (you) the truth, I don’t agree with you.
类似的结构
•to be frank,
•to be honest (with you),
•to make things worse,
第14页，共52页。
(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等
I’m going to study in the USA this September. (2004 辽宁）
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
第21页，共52页。
2. This company was the first _____ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春）
短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Why not have a rest?
第15页，共52页。
(9) 不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要
省略该动词.
e.g.: ---Would you like to go with me ? ---Yes, I’d like to.
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
第6页，共52页。
3．作表语
❖ 不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将 来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划 的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.
❖ To teach is to learn. ❖ My job is to help the patient. ❖ My ambition is to become a teacher. ❖ The old man seems to be sick. ❖ 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修
第5页，共52页。
3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有 行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相 反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2).There is nothing to do but wait. (3). I have no choice but to go.
5. I am the only student in my class to
have a pet snake. (attribute)
6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object)
7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
不定式由to动词原形构成其否定形式是notneverdo不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语没有人称和数的变化但有时态和语态的变化
动词不定式的用法归纳
第1页，共52页。
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是
“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不
定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的 变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、 表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑 主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
•I saw him play in the park. •→He was seen to play in the park.
•The boss made those men work day and night.
•→Those men were made to work day and night.
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the
disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.
第11页，共52页。
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型
v He hurried to the school to find nobody
v there. （结果）
v He is too old to lift the box.
❖ The room is big enough to hold us. ❖ It is such a big room as to hold us. ❖ He is so kind as to help us. ❖ such +（形容词）名词 +as to do sth ❖ so + 形容词/副词 + as to do sth
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个
不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
•Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．
•When and where to hold the party hasn’t been decided.
•When to hold the party and where to hold the party ___h_a_v_en_’_t_been decided.
ØHe didn’t know what to say.
ØHow to solve the problem is very important.
ØMy question is when to start.
注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简
(subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer
industry when I grow up. (predicative)
第17页，共52页。
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute)
第2页，共52页。
1. 作主语
2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
第3页，共52页。
1 不定式作主语 (subject)
谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe. To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to learn English well.
He is looking for a room ptola_y__w_i_t_h______ (live).
He needs a friend to __________ (play).
choose from
There are three pairs ofБайду номын сангаасshoes for you to _________ (choose).
第12页，共52页。
3. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状 语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。
eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.
饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表 语的动词不定式省略to。 ❖ All I want to do now is fill my stomach.
第7页，共52页。
4．作宾语补足语
•He asked me to go with him.
•He didn’t allow me to go out alone. 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， make 后的补足 语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时， 必须带to。
往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 ❖ I think it our duty to obey the laws. ❖ I found it difficult to see him here.
第4页，共52页。
2.作宾语
❖ 1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。
❖ I mean to go there at once. ❖ I hope to finish the work in time. ❖ I plan to go to Beijing this summer. ❖ 2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，
•I heard her sing today．
•→ She was heard to sing today．
第8页，共52页。
※(5). 定语
1. something, anything, nothing, everything, no one 等不定代 词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。
e.g. I have something to say.
e.g.: ---Would you like to be a teacher?
---Yes, I’d like to be.
(3)
—I didn’t tell him the news.
—Oh, you ought to have (told him the news).
第16页，共52页。
Identify its function. 想一想
第9页，共52页。
2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词 最高级修饰时
eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
第10页，共52页。
6.作状语
❖ 不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或 条件。 如;
动宾关系
He is not a man to tell lies. 主谓关系
We all have a chance to go to college. 同位关系
Ø与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词
，则需加介词。
write on
Can you give some paper two e_a_r_______ (write)? I have no jewelry to _________(wealriv).e in
give financial assistance to disabled
people. (object complement)
第19页，共52页。
第20页，共52页。
Quiz II
Multiple Choice
1. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but
不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。
❖ I came here to see you. （目的） ❖ He got up early so as not to be late. ❖ 不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。 ❖ The question is difficult to answer.。
第18页，共52页。
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. (adverbial)
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. (adverbial)
10. We must call on local government to
第13页，共52页。
(4).独立结构作状语
To tell (you) the truth, I don’t agree with you.
类似的结构
•to be frank,
•to be honest (with you),
•to make things worse,
第14页，共52页。
(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等
I’m going to study in the USA this September. (2004 辽宁）
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
第21页，共52页。
2. This company was the first _____ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春）
短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Why not have a rest?
第15页，共52页。
(9) 不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要
省略该动词.
e.g.: ---Would you like to go with me ? ---Yes, I’d like to.
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
第6页，共52页。
3．作表语
❖ 不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将 来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划 的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.
❖ To teach is to learn. ❖ My job is to help the patient. ❖ My ambition is to become a teacher. ❖ The old man seems to be sick. ❖ 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修
第5页，共52页。
3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有 行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相 反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2).There is nothing to do but wait. (3). I have no choice but to go.
5. I am the only student in my class to
have a pet snake. (attribute)
6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object)
7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
不定式由to动词原形构成其否定形式是notneverdo不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语没有人称和数的变化但有时态和语态的变化
动词不定式的用法归纳
第1页，共52页。
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是
“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不
定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的 变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、 表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑 主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
•I saw him play in the park. •→He was seen to play in the park.
•The boss made those men work day and night.
•→Those men were made to work day and night.
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the
disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.
第11页，共52页。
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型
v He hurried to the school to find nobody
v there. （结果）
v He is too old to lift the box.
❖ The room is big enough to hold us. ❖ It is such a big room as to hold us. ❖ He is so kind as to help us. ❖ such +（形容词）名词 +as to do sth ❖ so + 形容词/副词 + as to do sth
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个
不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
•Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．
•When and where to hold the party hasn’t been decided.
•When to hold the party and where to hold the party ___h_a_v_en_’_t_been decided.