牛津上海版七年级英语上册Unit3知识点

牛津上海版七年级英语上册Unit3知识点
Unit 3 Friends from other countries
I 词组：
1.friends from other countries 来自其他国家的朋友
2.for example 例如
3. a crowded city 一个拥挤的城市
4.﹡be crowded with 挤满了,充满了
5.walk across the crowds 穿过人群
6.more than --- over 超过；多于
7.most of them 他们中的大多数
8.six million--- 6000000 六百万
9.far (away) from 距离…远
10.read (sth.) about 阅读与…有关的…
11.in magazines and newspapers 在报纸、杂志上
12.know about 知道关于…的事情
13.write (a letter) to 给…写信
14.in another country 在另一个国家
15.in other countries 在其他国家
16. a list of 一份…的清单
17.male and female 男性和女性
18.be interested in 对...感兴趣
19.﹡show great interest in 对...表示出极大兴趣
20.penfriends from different countries 来自不同国家的笔友
21.make friends with sb. 与...交朋友
22. a twelve-year-old girl 一个12岁的女孩
23.look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
24.look up the word in the dictionary 在字典里查单词
25.junior/senior high school 初级/高级中学
26.favourite subject 最喜欢的科目
27.call them Canadians 叫他们加拿大人
28.near=close to 在...附近
29.help yourself to sth. 随便吃...
II. 词性转换：
1. foreigner n.外国人
Nowadays, more and more foreigners come to stay and work in Shanghai.
foreign adj.外国的 a foreign language
2. crowded adj.拥挤的
Shanghai is a crowded city. Nanjing Road is always crowded with people.
crowd n.人群
3. Canada n.加拿大
Canadian n.&adj.加拿大人；加拿大的
I am Canadian. (adj.) 我是加拿大人。

相当于I am from Canada.
I am a Canadian.(n.) 我是一个加拿大人。

4. Australia n.澳大利亚
Australian n.&adj. 澳大利亚人；澳大利亚（人）的
5. India n.印度
Indian n.&adj.印度人；印度（人）的
6. Britain n.英国
British n.&adj. 英国人；英国（人）的
7. Japan n. 日本
Japanese n.&adj.日本人；日本（人）的
8. nationality n.国籍
—What’s your nationality? = What nationality are you? = Where are you from?= Where do you come from? —I’m Chinese.
nation n. 国家，民族
national adj.国家的，民族的the Chinese national flag
international adj.国际的international flight
9. interest n. place of interest (u)n.
What are your interests (c)n. and hobbies?
interested adj. The little boy is interested in painting.
interesting adj. The film is interesting. / It is an interesting film.
10. yourself pron. 你自己
yourselves pron. 你们自己
you pron. 你，你们
yours pron. 你的，你们的
11.weigh v. 称
weight n. 重量
12. high adj./ adv. 高的/ 高地
height n. 高度
III. 语言点/句型：
1.Over six million people live in Garden City. 600多万人居住在花园城。

a.over相当于more than，是“超过；多于”的意思，常常放在数词的前面。

There are over 5000 adjectives in that dictionary. 那本词典中有5000多个形容词。

b.six million即6000000. 六百万
c.较大数词的读法小结:
654 six hundred and fifty-four 百位数与十位数间要用and
1,718 one thousand seven hundred and eighteen 千位数与百位数间无and
27,105 twenty-seven thousand one hundred and five 千位数前的数字照一位数、两位数或三位
数的读法读
108, 221 one hundred and eight thousand two hundred and twenty-one
2,700,560 two million seven hundred thousand five hundred and sixty
两个“，”由左到右依次代表“百万位”和“千位”，而这些“，”前后的数字可按一、二、三位数的读法读，在“，”处相应加上单位million和thousand即可。

billion 十亿
2.—— What do we call people from Canada? 我们如何称呼来自加拿大的人呢？
—— We call them Canadians. 我们把他们称为加拿大人。

call sb. sth. 把…...称作
His name is Richard, but we call him Dick.
3.与一个国家有关的词一般有三个：国名n.、国籍adj.、国民n.。

通常国籍与国民是同一个词，但要
区别词性。

4.Britain n. 英国
表示“英国”的单词有Britain、England和the UK.
England原指英格兰，它是英语四大行政区中最大的一个，所以常用来指英国；
Britain 指不列颠岛，包括England(英格兰)、Scotland(苏格兰)、和Wales(威尔士)三个行政区，因此也常用来表示英国，也称the Great Britain;
the UK是英国国名the United Kingdom的缩写；
英国全称是:
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
the British 常常用于表示“（统称）英国人”
5.We can visit countries near or far away from China.
我们可以访问那些距离中国或近或远的国家。

near和far away from 是一对反义词，表示“距离…近”和“距离…远”
本句中near or far away from China 做后置定语修饰countries.
6.We can also read about them in magazines and newspapers.
我们同样可以通过阅读杂志和报纸了解这些国家。

a.read about 读到过…; 通过阅读了解….
I have read about the accident in the factory.
b.read 与read about
read表示“阅读”，后接书籍、报刊、杂志；read about 表示“阅读与…有关的…”，相当于read something about, 后接某个对象或事件。

c.表示“在报纸、杂志上”时，介词用“in”而不用“on”
7.——What nationality are you?/ What’s your nationality?/ Where are you from?
你是哪国人？
——I’m Chinese.
nationality n. 国籍在回答国籍这个问题时，要使用形容词，如Chinese, Japanese等。

8.What would you like to know about your penfriend? 你想了解笔友哪些方面的情况？
know 与know about
I know that man over there. 我认识那边的那个人。

Do you know about Jay Chou? 你知道周杰伦吗？
know表示“认识；知道”，而know about表示“知道关于…的事情”
9.I’d like to know his favorite subjects at school.我想知道他上学时最喜欢的学科。

at school 是“在上学，在求学”的意思，school前不加the。

如使用at the school，则表示“在学校”的意思，没有求学的含义。

We’ve been friends ever since we met at school.自从我们上学时认识后就一直是好朋友。

10.Sex（M/F）性别（男性/女性）
M代表male男性，F代表female女性
11.Penfriends International sent your name to my school.
国际笔友会把你的名字寄到了我校。

send---sent---sent
send sth. to sb. —— send sb. sth. 把….寄(送)给…
Thank you for sending me those cards.= Thank you for sending those cards to me.
12.Toronto Junior High School 多伦多初级中学
Toronto n. 多伦多（加拿大港市）
junior adj. 初等的；初级的junior high school 初级中学
senior adj. 高等的；高级的；年长的senior high school 高级中学
primary adj. 初等教育的，小学的primary school 小学
13.I am in Grade 7. 我读七年级。

表示就读于某个班级或年级时，应使用介词in。

I’m in Class 2, Grade 7.
14.现在完成时
The present perfect tense现在完成时
（一）含义
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。

)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。

)
Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。

)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)
（二）结构
助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。

（三）句型
1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。

I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。

We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？
（四）用法
1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。

e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/ months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。

e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee n too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有
一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。

e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago,
and is still studying it now.)
6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。

e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。

有时可放在疑
问句句尾，表示惊讶。

例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。

例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。

例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。

★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。

ever与否定词not连用相当于never。

例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。

★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。

e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。

★ just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。

e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。

★for 和since的用法及区别。

for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。

注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has
been in的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.短暂性的动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起的时间状语连用。

瞬间动词不能直接与for，since 连用，要改变动词为延续性动词。

瞬间动词转换为延续性动词：
• buy ---- have borrow ---- keep
•arrive/ come---- be in /at leave ----away (from)
•join----be a member of/be in
•die--- be dead get up ---- be up
•get married---- be married go there ---- be there
•begin/start---- be on stop---- be over
•open ---- be open
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。

V. 小作文：
Topic: A letter to my penfriend
Suggested questions:
1. Who would you like to write to?
2. Why would you like to write to him/her?
3. What would you like to tell your penfriend?
4. What would you like to know about your penfriend?
5. What would you like to send to your penfriend with the letter?。