英语语法术语(中英对照)

英语语法术语（汉英对照）
语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 句子sentence
从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word
实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech
名词noun
专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun
可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun
抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun
集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction
动词verb
主动词main verb
及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb
助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb
不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb
非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb
感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb
感叹词exclamation
形容词adjective
原级positive 比较级comparative 最高级superlative
副词adverb
方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree
时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb
关系副词relative adverb
代词pronoun
人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun
反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun
指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun
物主代词possessive pronoun
名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun
冠词article
定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 零冠词zero article
数词numeral
基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form
单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form
限定动词finite verb form
非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form
从句clause
从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause
名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause
状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause
主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause
时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession
原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子sentence
简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence
陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question
反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence
肯定句positive sentence 基本句型basic sentence pattern 否定句negative sentence 祈使句imperative sentence
省略句elliptical sentence 感叹句exclamatory sentence
句子成分members of sentences
主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dual object
直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object 复合宾语complex object
同源宾语cognate object 补语complement 主补subject complement
宾补object complement 表语predicative 定语attribute
同位语appositive 状语adverbial
句法关系syntactic relationship
并列coordinate 从属subordination
修饰modification
前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification
限制restriction
双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction
数number
单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form
不规则形式irregular form
格case
普通格common case 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case
宾格objective case
性gender
阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter 人称person
第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person
时态tense
过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense
一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense 现在完成时present perfect tense 过去完成时past perfect tense 将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense
过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense
过去将来进行时past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense
语态voice
主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice
语气mood
陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood
虚拟语气subjunctive mood
否定negation
否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation
局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation
语序order
自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion
部分倒装partial inversion
引语speech
直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech
自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致agreement
主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement
概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity 强调emphasis 重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone
升调rising tone 降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone 文体style 结构structure 层次rank 正式文体formal
非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression
用法usage 感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic 挖苦ironic
英国英语British English 美国英语American English。