Unit+4+History+and+Traditions+词汇讲解人教版(2019)必修第二册
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必修二
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Vocabulary（I）
1. cemetery n. 墓地，公墓 eg: 1. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 2. She rests beside her husband in the local cemetery.
The factory _is_l_o_c_a_t_ed at the foot of a hill.
21. Keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
keep one’s promise keep in touch with keep up with keep sb. company keep away from... keep ...in mind keep an eye on sth.
13.
14.
15．defence n．防御；保卫
eg:It is our duty to defend our motherland. 拓展： defend vt. 防御；保卫；辩护 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 defend against 抵御 defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受......
用break的相关短语填空 ①If you go on working like that, you will _b_r_e_a_k_d_o_w__n_ sooner or later. ②A fire _b_r_o_k_e_o_u_t__ in this hotel last night and three people were killed. ③With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to __b_re_a_k__a_w_a_y_f_r_o_m_ the Union. ④In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to _b_r_ea_k__u_p__.
11．belong to 属于
(1)belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 (2)belongings n．财产，所有物
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于 进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
完成句子 ①那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。 Those books _b_e_l_o_n_g_t_o__ the library but this is my own. ②任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。 Anyone has no right to take the land __b_e_lo_n_g_i_n_g_t_o__the state as their own.
(1) Most countries have armies for their defenc(edefend). (2) He gave his life to defend his country.
他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。
16.
17．surround vt.围绕；包围
(1) surround...with/by... 以......包围...... be surrounded with/by... 被......包围
individually adv.分别地，单独地，个别地
5.
6.
7．puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
（1）puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzlement n. 困惑；疑惑
（2）be puzzled with 对......感到困惑 be in a puzzle (about) 对（......）感到困惑 sth. is a puzzle to sb. 某事对某人来说是一个谜
eg: Her mother lives in a nearby town.
9. join...to... 把......和......连接起来 =connect...to/with/and...
join in 加入
eg: Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet. The island is joined to the mainland by the bridge.
பைடு நூலகம்
(1)The hotel charges 200 yuan a day for this room. 这家旅馆的这个房间每天收费200元。
(2) The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels. 警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
(3)The company was badly organized before shetook charge of it. 在她掌管前，这家公司管理很差。
10．break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
break into强行闯入；忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等) break off断开；停顿；中断 break in强行进入；打断；插嘴 break out(战争等)突然发生，爆发 break up分解；打碎；破裂；分手 break down发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃
(2) surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境
(1) They surrounded the sick girl with every comfort. (2) Jim was sitting on the floorsurrounded(surround) by boxes.
联想词： tomb 墓穴 tomb stone 墓碑 graves 坟墓
2. philosophy n.哲学 philosopher n. 哲学家
eg: 1. He is a doctor of phylosophy. 2.The book is simple homespun philosophy.
(2) It takes hard work to achieve the final success . 要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。
(3) She hoped to achieve her goal
to become a singer.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名歌手。
20. location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn ]: n. 地方;地点;位置 destination: n. 目的地 locate : v. 使位于;确定准确地点 be located in/at/to…: 位于;坐落在
遵守承诺 保持联系 追上 陪伴某人 远离... ...
牢记... ... 照看；密切注意
22. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电
n.收费；指控；主管
(1) charge (sb.) for sth. 为......(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
(2) be in charge (of...) 主管/看管/负责（... ...） be in/under the charge of sb. =in one’s charge 在某人的掌管下 take charge of ... 负责/看管... ... free of charge 免费
19. achievement n. [C] 成就；成绩；达到
(1) a sense of achievement 成就感 (2) achieve vt. 完成；达到
vi. 成功 achieve one’s success 获得成功 achieve one’s goal 达到目标
(1) That surely gave us a great sense of achievement . 那无疑给了我们很大的成就感。
(4)The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away. 当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。 =Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.
吉姆正坐在地板上，周围到处都是箱子。
18. evidence n. 证据；证明
(1) There is some/no evidence that... 有/没有证据表明...... in evidence 显眼；显而易见
(2) evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显... ... evidently adv.显然；明显地
When the little girl was asked such a _p__u_z_zl_i_n_g__question, she stood there with a _p_u_z_z_le_d___look on her face.(puzzle)
8. nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
(1) There’s some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. (2) At present we have no evidence (evident) of life on other planets. (3) Poverty is much in evidence in the city slums. (4) It is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.
2. as well“除......之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需逗号隔开 3.may/might as well do sth. 只好做某事
练习：
(1) I can speak fluent English and I can speak French as well. (2) Many students as well as Tom are (be) present at the meeting. (3) Now that you have a good chance, you may/might as well make full use of it.
12.as well as
注意：as well as前后连接的虽然是两个并列成分，但强调的重点在前面， 翻译时先翻译后面再翻译前面。 Living things need air and sunshine as well as water. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。
1.as well as用于连接主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前的主语在数上保持 一致。遵循就远原则 as well as, along with, together with就远原则 She，as well as，I ___an English teacher. 她和我一样，都是英语老师。 is
3. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
Chinese descendant in American 美籍华裔 descend v.下降；遗传 descent n.下降；血统；袭击
4. individual
(1) adj.单独的,个别的
A teacher can’t give_i_n_d_iv_i_d_u_alattention to each student if his class is
large. 如果班上的人数多，老师不能给予学生个人辅导. (2)n.个人
The contribution is open to both teams and _in_d_i_vi_d_u_a_ls.
团队和个人均可捐款。
例题：
他们等待团体做出决定而不是各自做出决定。
They wait for group to decide rather than makei_n_d_iv_i_d_u_adl ecisions.
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Vocabulary（I）
1. cemetery n. 墓地，公墓 eg: 1. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 2. She rests beside her husband in the local cemetery.
The factory _is_l_o_c_a_t_ed at the foot of a hill.
21. Keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
keep one’s promise keep in touch with keep up with keep sb. company keep away from... keep ...in mind keep an eye on sth.
13.
14.
15．defence n．防御；保卫
eg:It is our duty to defend our motherland. 拓展： defend vt. 防御；保卫；辩护 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 defend against 抵御 defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受......
用break的相关短语填空 ①If you go on working like that, you will _b_r_e_a_k_d_o_w__n_ sooner or later. ②A fire _b_r_o_k_e_o_u_t__ in this hotel last night and three people were killed. ③With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to __b_re_a_k__a_w_a_y_f_r_o_m_ the Union. ④In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to _b_r_ea_k__u_p__.
11．belong to 属于
(1)belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 (2)belongings n．财产，所有物
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于 进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
完成句子 ①那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。 Those books _b_e_l_o_n_g_t_o__ the library but this is my own. ②任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。 Anyone has no right to take the land __b_e_lo_n_g_i_n_g_t_o__the state as their own.
(1) Most countries have armies for their defenc(edefend). (2) He gave his life to defend his country.
他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。
16.
17．surround vt.围绕；包围
(1) surround...with/by... 以......包围...... be surrounded with/by... 被......包围
individually adv.分别地，单独地，个别地
5.
6.
7．puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
（1）puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzlement n. 困惑；疑惑
（2）be puzzled with 对......感到困惑 be in a puzzle (about) 对（......）感到困惑 sth. is a puzzle to sb. 某事对某人来说是一个谜
eg: Her mother lives in a nearby town.
9. join...to... 把......和......连接起来 =connect...to/with/and...
join in 加入
eg: Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet. The island is joined to the mainland by the bridge.
பைடு நூலகம்
(1)The hotel charges 200 yuan a day for this room. 这家旅馆的这个房间每天收费200元。
(2) The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels. 警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
(3)The company was badly organized before shetook charge of it. 在她掌管前，这家公司管理很差。
10．break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
break into强行闯入；忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等) break off断开；停顿；中断 break in强行进入；打断；插嘴 break out(战争等)突然发生，爆发 break up分解；打碎；破裂；分手 break down发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃
(2) surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境
(1) They surrounded the sick girl with every comfort. (2) Jim was sitting on the floorsurrounded(surround) by boxes.
联想词： tomb 墓穴 tomb stone 墓碑 graves 坟墓
2. philosophy n.哲学 philosopher n. 哲学家
eg: 1. He is a doctor of phylosophy. 2.The book is simple homespun philosophy.
(2) It takes hard work to achieve the final success . 要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。
(3) She hoped to achieve her goal
to become a singer.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名歌手。
20. location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn ]: n. 地方;地点;位置 destination: n. 目的地 locate : v. 使位于;确定准确地点 be located in/at/to…: 位于;坐落在
遵守承诺 保持联系 追上 陪伴某人 远离... ...
牢记... ... 照看；密切注意
22. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电
n.收费；指控；主管
(1) charge (sb.) for sth. 为......(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
(2) be in charge (of...) 主管/看管/负责（... ...） be in/under the charge of sb. =in one’s charge 在某人的掌管下 take charge of ... 负责/看管... ... free of charge 免费
19. achievement n. [C] 成就；成绩；达到
(1) a sense of achievement 成就感 (2) achieve vt. 完成；达到
vi. 成功 achieve one’s success 获得成功 achieve one’s goal 达到目标
(1) That surely gave us a great sense of achievement . 那无疑给了我们很大的成就感。
(4)The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away. 当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。 =Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.
吉姆正坐在地板上，周围到处都是箱子。
18. evidence n. 证据；证明
(1) There is some/no evidence that... 有/没有证据表明...... in evidence 显眼；显而易见
(2) evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显... ... evidently adv.显然；明显地
When the little girl was asked such a _p__u_z_zl_i_n_g__question, she stood there with a _p_u_z_z_le_d___look on her face.(puzzle)
8. nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
(1) There’s some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. (2) At present we have no evidence (evident) of life on other planets. (3) Poverty is much in evidence in the city slums. (4) It is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.
2. as well“除......之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需逗号隔开 3.may/might as well do sth. 只好做某事
练习：
(1) I can speak fluent English and I can speak French as well. (2) Many students as well as Tom are (be) present at the meeting. (3) Now that you have a good chance, you may/might as well make full use of it.
12.as well as
注意：as well as前后连接的虽然是两个并列成分，但强调的重点在前面， 翻译时先翻译后面再翻译前面。 Living things need air and sunshine as well as water. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。
1.as well as用于连接主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前的主语在数上保持 一致。遵循就远原则 as well as, along with, together with就远原则 She，as well as，I ___an English teacher. 她和我一样，都是英语老师。 is
3. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
Chinese descendant in American 美籍华裔 descend v.下降；遗传 descent n.下降；血统；袭击
4. individual
(1) adj.单独的,个别的
A teacher can’t give_i_n_d_iv_i_d_u_alattention to each student if his class is
large. 如果班上的人数多，老师不能给予学生个人辅导. (2)n.个人
The contribution is open to both teams and _in_d_i_vi_d_u_a_ls.
团队和个人均可捐款。
例题：
他们等待团体做出决定而不是各自做出决定。
They wait for group to decide rather than makei_n_d_iv_i_d_u_adl ecisions.