2021届上海市普通高中高三下学期高考冲刺模拟考试英语试卷(六)及答案

2021届上海市普通高中高三下学期高考冲刺模拟考试
英语试卷（六）
★祝考试顺利★
(含答案)
I.Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s. C. In a hospital.
D. At a gas station.
2. A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45.
D. 8:45.
3. A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital.
C. He forgot to call the woman.
D. He slipped on the way to hospital.
4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.
C. To go back to school.
D. To take a vacation.
5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.
C. His call got cut off.
D. His mobile is too long.
6. A. They will meet Angela on the way. B. They will have an early start.
C. Angela is usually a latecomer.
D. Angela may not come tomorrow.
7. A. He is a person of generosity. B. He is in charge of the department.
C. He is rather mean on money.
D. He doesn’t get on well with colleagues.
8. A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter.
C. Shop assistant and customer.
D. Boss and employee.
9. A. There are several Jacks in his class.
B. Jack’s personality has changed greatly.
C. Jack had received training on debate.
D. Jack was not likely to win the debate contest.
10. A. He was forced to go to the calligraphy exhibition.
B. He found no interest in the calligraphy exhibition.
C. He was poor at investing in exhibits of calligraphy.
D. Watching soap operas is his favorite recreation.
Section B
Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To encourage its people to retire later.
B. To import more goods from abroad.
C. To give its people additional social welfare.
D. To change the long-held Western prejudice.
12. A. Small companies. B. Industrialists.
C. Trade unions.
D. Young people.
13. A. They know how to spend money.
B. They are forced out of their class.
C. The hold the same belief as the retired.
D. They support their hardworking parents.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. There is a great difference between reading and listening.
B. There are some effective ways to practice your reading skill.
C. Highly educated and poorly educated people have different reading habits.
D. The speed and efficiency of reading greatly depend on contents and purposes.
15. A. They move very fast through the text.
B. They vary their speed when reading.
C. They concentrate on the key words.
D. They re-read the text at least twice.
16. A. Too slow for a difficult book though just right for a non-serious one.
B. Too slow for a non-serious book but too fast for a difficult one.
C. Too fast for difficult material though just right for a non-serious book.
D. Too fast for a non-serious book as well as for a difficult one.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. In a studio. B. In a clothing store.
C. At a fancy-dress ball.
D. At a fashion show.
18. A. To stay for half a year.
B. To live there for good.
C. To find a better job to support herself.
D. To sell leather goods for a British company.
19. A. Designing fashion items for several companies.
B. Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.
C. Working as an employee for Ferragamo.
D. Serving as a sales agent for Burberry.
20. A. It has seen a steady decline in its profits.
B. It has become much more competitive.
C. It has lost many customers to foreign companies.
D. It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.
1-5 DBCDC 6-10 CCDDB 11-13 BBA 14-16 DAB 17-20 ABAB
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,
fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,
use one word that best fits each blank.
Alex Morton is a talented writer who led a very interesting life. He was born in 1945 in Manchester, and was the (21) _______ (young) of six children. From the moment he(22) _______ read, he was never without a book in his hands. He was a keen reader throughout his schooldays, and he soon showed his talent for writing,too. In fact, his teachers gave him extra assignments just(23)__________ (be) able to read more of his work.
After(24)_________ (leave) school he went to Manchester University. By the time he got his BA, he had already published a number of short stories,and his
first novel was almost finished. Over the next few years he wrote non-stop
and(25)__________of his books was more successful than the last. (26)________ ________ ________ being so busy with his work, Alex still found time for romance. While at university, he met Fiona Jones, (27)__________later became his wife. They have two children. (28)__________(devote) to his family life,he has always been a good husband and father.
Alex Morton has been writing over twenty books so far and his name has been
on the best-seller list more times than he can remember. However, the peak moment
of his career was (29)_________ he won the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1995.
Since then, Alex has continued to write and many of his books (30) _________ (make) into films.
21.youngest 22.could 23.to be 24.leaving 25.each
26.In spite of 27.who 28.Devoted 29.when 30.have been made
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How Sensory Marketing Works
As an approach that appeals to the senses instead of logic, sensory marketing can affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot. Classic mass marketing works on the belief that people—as consumers—will behave "_____31____" when faced with purchasing decisions.
Traditional marketing assumes that consumers will systematically consider concrete product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to ___32_____ the consumer's life experiences and feelings. These life experiences have ______33___ sensory, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects. Sensory marketing assumes that people, as consumers, will act according to their emotional impulses more than to their _____34____ reasoning. In this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a certain product, rather than an equal but less expensive_____35_____.
For the Harvard Business Review in March 2015, sensory marketing pioneer Aradhna Krishna wrote, “In the past, communications with customers were essentially monologues—companies just ‘talked at’ co nsumers. Then they
____36___into dialogues, with customers providing feedback. Now they’re becoming ___37_____conversations, with products finding their own voices and consumers responding ____38_____ to them.”
Sensory marketing attempts to ensure lasting product success by:
●Identifying, measuring, and understanding consumers' emotions
●Identifying and capitalizing on new markets
●Ensuring first and repeated purchases (brand ____39_____)
According to Iowa State University Professor Jihyun Song, consumers relate various brands to their most ____40___ experiences—good and bad—with their buying behaviors driven by "storytelling and emotion." In this manner, sensory marketers work to create emotional ties that link the consumer to the brand.
31~40. CKHIF DEJAB
III.Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to have an impact as big as the mobile revolution or the internet revolution. The positive opportunity before us is virtually ___41___—but for AI to meet its vast potential, it will require the right ___42___.
AI is already revolutionizing our lives. But though computers can assist us, they are not like us. Our health of experience gives us creativity—but it also makes us vulnerable to accumulating. Conscious and unconscious biases (偏见). ___43___, AI systems today receive their “training” using very specific collections of relevant data. These data sets can be large but are inherently much more ___44___than human experience. That can be a(n) ___45___—AI does not have the complex emotions that guide human decision making, so it could
___46___most if not all of these inherent biases.
Based on previous work involved in AI research, we believe that makers of AI should ___47___ the following principles. First, AI should benefit the many, not the few. In practical terms, it is possible for AI to help the doctor and the patient, the business and the employee. As a society, we should make use of this ___48___ and ensure that AI always aims for the common good.
Second, AI research and development should be open, responsible and socially ___49___. As we continue developing AI, new questions will continue to arise, and we will need to answer them ____50____, including everyone from engineers and scientists to philosophers and activists. In particular, those whose industries will ____51____ as result of AI will need to be part of this global conversation.
Third, those who design AI should establish best practices to avoid undesirable outcomes. Is a system doing what we need. Are we training is using the right data? Have we thought through the way any system might yield ____52____ side effects—and do we have a plan to correct for this? There should be check systems that ____53____whether an AI system is doing what it was built to do.
We are building tools that humans control. AI will reflect the values of those who build it. Ultimately our ____54____ for AI is to give people more choices about how they live their lives. Under our control, it can take the drudgery（辛苦乏味的）out of work and free up many more hours for creative pursuits. And ____55____properly and cooperatively, AI could help bring about solutions to the world’s most complex problems.
41.A. limitless B. timeless C. tireless D. hopeless
42.A. change B. conflict C. approach D. access
43.A. For example B. In contrast C. As a result D. In addition
44.A. diverse B. restricted C. advanced D. unreliable
45.A. aspect B. boom C. advantage D. downside
46.A. way B. justify C. challenge D. avoid
47.A. object to B. stick to C. refer to D. take to
48.A. potential B. benefit C. principles D. research
49.A. attached B. engaged C. touched D. launched
50.A. practically B. enthusiastically C. consciously D. cooperatively
51.A. change B. depress C. relieve D. enrich
52.A. unintended B. reasonable C. informative D. feasible
53.A. release B. infer C. evaluate D. qualify
54.A. likelihood B. dream C. challenge D. enthusiasm
55.A. applied B. created C. demonstrated D. adapted
【答案】
41. A 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。

文章讲述了，下一代人工智能（AI）有望产生与移动革命或互联网革命一
样大的影响，为了更多地造福于多数人，人工智能制造者应该坚持一些原则。

【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我们面前的积极机会实际上是无限的，但要让人工智能发挥其
巨大的潜力，它需要正确的方法。

A. limitless无限制的；B. timeless永久的；C. tireless不觉疲劳的；D. hopeless绝望的。

由上文的“The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to have an impact as big as the mobile revolution or the internet revolution.”可知，下一代人工智能（AI）有望产生与移动
革命或互联网革命一样大的影响，说明人工智能产生的影响将很巨大，其中蕴含的机会是无
限的（暗指很多的机会）。

故选A项。

【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我们面前的积极机会实际上是无限的，但要让人工智能发挥其巨
大的潜力，它需要正确的方法。

A. change改变；B. conflict冲突；C. approach方法；D. access通道。

由上文的“but for AI to meet its vast potential”可知，要发挥人工智能
的巨大的潜力，人们需要对人工智能有正确的方法。

故选C项。

【43题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。

句意：相反，今天，人工智能系统接受他们的“训练”使用非常具体的
相关数据集合。

A. For example例如；B. In contrast相反；C. As a result结果；D. In addition此外。

由上下文语境可知，上文讲“丰富的人类经验给人带来的缺点，即人会有偏
见”，下文讲“人工智能没有复杂的情绪/经验，帮人避免偏见”，上下文是相反的意思，用In contrast。

故选B项。

【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：这些数据集可能很大，但本质上比人类的经验更受限制。

A. diverse多种多样的；B. restricted受限制的；C. advanced先进的；D. unreliable不可靠的。

由上文“AI systems today receive their “training” using very specific collect ions of relevant data.”可知，如今的人工智能系统通过非常具体的相关数据收集来接受“培训”，说明人工智能在经验上比人类更受限制。

故选B项。

【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这可能是一个优势，人工智能没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，所以它可以避免大多数甚至所有这些固有的偏见。

A. aspect方面；B. boom繁荣；C. advantage优点、优势；D. downside缺点。

由下文的“AI does not have the complex emotions that guide human decision making, so it could ___6___most if not all of these inherent biases.”可知，人工智能没有复杂的情绪/经验，从而帮人避免偏见，说明人工智能反而是一个优势。

故选C项。

【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这可能是一个优势，人工智能没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，所以它可以避免大多数甚至所有这些固有的偏见。

A. way方式；B. justify证明……正确；C. challenge挑战；D. avoid避免。

由上文语境可知，丰富的人类经验会让人会有偏见，而人工智能在经验上受限反而是一个优势，可推断出没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，人工智能能避免很多偏见。

故选D项。

【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：基于以往人工智能研究的成果，我们认为人工智能制造者应该坚持以下原则。

A. object to反对；B. stick to坚持；C. refer to涉及；D. take to喜欢上。

由下文语境可知，下文在讲人们制造人工智能是应该要坚持的三条原则。

故选B项。

【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：作为一个社会，我们应该利用这一潜力，确保人工智能始终以共同利益为目标。

A. potential潜力；B. benefit益处；C. principles原则；D. research研究。

由上文的“but for AI to meet its vast potential”可知，我们应该利用这一潜力。

故选A项。

【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：第二，人工智能的研发应该是开放的、负责任的和社会参与的。

A. attached重视；B. engaged从事、参与；C. touched触摸；D. launched发起。

由上文文的“Second, AI research and development should be open, responsible说明人工智能的研发要全社会共同参与。

故选B项。

【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：随着人工智能的不断发展，新的问题将不断出现，我们需要合作地回答这些问题，包括从工程师、科学家到哲学家和活动家的每个人。

A. practically实际地；B. enthusiastically热情地；C. consciously有意识地；D. cooperatively合作地。

由上文的“人工智能的研发要社会参与”，本处的“, including everyone from engineers and scientists to philosophers and activists”和下文的“And ___15___properly and cooperatively”可知，人工智能的研发要社会参与，随着新问题的出现，工程师、科学家到哲学家和活动家都要加入进来，合作地回答这些问题。

故选D项。

【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：特别是那些因人工智能而改变行业的企业，将需要成为这场全球对话的一部分。

A. change变化；B. depress沮丧；C. relieve缓解；D. enrich丰富。

由常识和下文的“as result of AI”可知，人工智能的出现会改变产业。

故选A项。

【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我们是否考虑过任何系统可能会产生意外的副作用，我们是否有计划来纠正这种情况？A. unintended无意的、意外的；B. reasonable合理的；C. informative提供有用信息的；D. feasible可行的。

由上文的“those who design AI should establish best practices to avoid undesirable outcomes”可知，设计人工智能的人应该建立最佳实践来避免不想要的结果，说明设计系统时可能会产生意外的副作用。

故选A项。

【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：应该有一个检查系统来评估一个人工智能系统是否正在做它所要做的事情。

A. release释放；B. infer推断；C. evaluate评估；D. qualify具有资格。

由上文的“check systems”和下文的“whether an AI system is doing what it was built to do”可知，检查系统的目的是来评估一个人工智能系统是否正在做它所要做的事情。

故选C 项。

【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：最终，我们对人工智能的梦想是给人们更多关于如何生活的选择。

A. likelihood可能性；B. dream梦想；C. challenge挑战；D. enthusiasm热情。

由上文的“We are building tools that humans control.”和下文的“to give people more choices about how they live their lives”可知，人工智能将给人们更多关于如何生活的选择，这是人们对人工智能的梦想。

故选B项。

【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：通过适当地合作地应用，人工智能可以帮助解决世界上最复杂的问题。

A. applied应用；B. created创造；C. demonstrated证明；D. adapted适应。

由下文的“AI could help bring about solutions to the world’s most complex problems”可知，只有适当地合作地应用人工智能，人工智能才能帮助解决世界上最复杂的问题。

故选A 项。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.
In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have y ou noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?
I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what
could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.
It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writin g things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.
You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?
Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.
What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?
Access ing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing. I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.
A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?
When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.
56.What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?
A. It fascinates both adults and children.
B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.
C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.
D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.
57.When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.
A. finds herself confused about remembering childhood
B. agrees with other book writers that writing is hard
C. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a child
D. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find a nother job
58.Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were
______.
A. new ways to increase interactions between users
B. interactive by combining theatre and book
C. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-like
D. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend
59.We can conclude from the interview that ______.
A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cute
B. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of things
C. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authors
D. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s apps
56~59. CCBA
(B)
60. If Alice wants her twelve-year-old daughter to learn some German in the
summer vacation, it is possible for her to send her daughter to __________.
A. Dallas International School
B. Summer Language Courses
C. English Courses
D. Gulf ESL
61. Jim is going to study in Beijing next year, so you advise him to attend
___________.
A. Online School
B. English Courses
C. Chinese Mandarin Class
D. Gulf ESL
62. If Kitty, who is a Chinese student studying in a college in the U.K., wants
to stay in a local family while studying English in the summer vacation, she can apply to _________.
A. Dallas International School
B. Summer Language Courses
C. English Courses
D. Gulf ESL
60-62. ACB
（C）
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the
Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “No t only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz s aid, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have chan ged our planet.”
63. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
64. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial.
C. Significant.
D. Unnoticeable.
65. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to avoid phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
66. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
63-66 BADC
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.What you're born with isn't what you're stuck with.
B.Where the difference was observed was in connectivity.
C.Another more complicated mnemonic （助记忆符）technique is called a mind palace.
D.Training in method of loci can physically change the way a person remembers.
E.Eating and sleeping right will lead to optimal brain function, the flow-on effect of which is a better
memory.
F.The improved memory observed after mnemonic training persists for as long as 4 months after
Life would be a lot sweeter if you were a memory athlete. Most of us however, are not wired that way. But don't be discouraged: thanks to
neuroplasticity, anyone can transcend their fallible memory.
67
There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory function. First up, the basics: the foundation of good memory is good health. 68
Then there are more deliberate approaches like practicing mnemonics. A mnemonic device is a trick designed to make remembering things easier. So instead of remembering to buy eggs, rice, apples and dog food, it might be easier to think of READ, which stands for rice, eggs, apples, and dog food.
This is the acrostic method.
69 Let's use the same shopping list as an example. Instead of focusing on the word ‘rice,’ this technique works by focusing on the image of rice thrown on the ground in a yard. For eggs, picture a hen pecking at the rice, followed by a nearby tree of apple blossoms, the petals falling around the hen, falling on a sleeping dog. Once the interconnected scene is created it’s a simple visual to ease your way around the halls of the grocery store with no list needed. This technique, where you base a memory around visual images, is more formally called 'method of loci'.
A recent study published in Neuron has unearthed some interesting insights about the brains of competitive memorizers. The researchers invited 23 of the world's top 50 memory athletes to have their brains scanned in rest states, and while performing memory tests, and matched each champion to a control participant. Anatomically, the scans showed there was no difference in brain structure or region size between the groups. 70 And what's more, after they gave the 'naive' control group training in the method of loci, their neural connectivity began to look more like that of the pros.
67-70 AECB
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top
talent. Is their money well spent?
Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual ta lent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate their actions. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s pe rformance. Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
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